[HN Gopher] Spreadsheets are all you need
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Spreadsheets are all you need
        
       Author : evanmays
       Score  : 1054 points
       Date   : 2024-03-14 03:15 UTC (19 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (spreadsheets-are-all-you-need.ai)
 (TXT) w3m dump (spreadsheets-are-all-you-need.ai)
        
       | mckn1ght wrote:
       | Brilliant idea/URL.
       | 
       | It's often true though. So many things I think "I could make an
       | app for that" I wind up just using a spreadsheet for. At least it
       | helps me explore the use cases more deeply for when I'd want to
       | actually take it to the next level.
       | 
       | I hung out with a friend while they solved Advent of Code
       | challenges in Excel, that was a trip to watch.
        
         | puppymaster wrote:
         | it's like all the current gaga over RAG and vector dbs when the
         | real ones just use numpy to prototype
        
         | ianand wrote:
         | > Brilliant idea/URL.
         | 
         | Thanks! There's a truth to the name beyond just the play on the
         | transformers paper. Definitely have thought about how many SaaS
         | apps could be a spreadsheet and vice versa and often use them
         | to create mini-apps (often via apps script).
        
         | greensh wrote:
         | XKCD 2180, https://xkcd.com/2180/
        
           | ianand wrote:
           | LOL that's totally me. Thanks for posting.
        
         | asabla wrote:
         | > I hung out with a friend while they solved Advent of Code
         | challenges in Excel, that was a trip to watch.
         | 
         | That sounds wild. Do you or your friend have anything to share
         | about this?
        
           | throwaway2037 wrote:
           | Related: Excel as ESports parody...
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xubbVvKbUfY
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ICp2-EUKQAI
        
             | elbear wrote:
             | Well, the real thing exists as well
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDGdPE_C9u8
        
         | pipes wrote:
         | One of my biggest weakness as a developer is that I can barely
         | use excel. It's really embarrassing, especially since I've
         | moved to a financial firm. Do you have any recommendations for
         | becoming semi competent with it?
        
           | svara wrote:
           | Try to do something slightly complicated and have GPT4
           | explain how to do it efficiently in Excel!
           | 
           | That's how I do it and it works great. I've gained a new
           | appreciation for Excel.
        
           | darkr wrote:
           | Try stepping into a management role for a while, ideally one
           | in which you have lots of dealings with less technical parts
           | of a business. Even if it's not for you, at least you'll have
           | gained some insights into that side of things, and more
           | importantly - lots of real world exposure to spreadsheets!
        
           | ccppurcell wrote:
           | Just an idea but how would you advise someone learning
           | programming/a new programming language? Probably you'd say:
           | build something with it. So same goes for excel. Try to hook
           | up a spreadsheet to some database, have it update
           | automatically, have drop down lists that populate
           | automatically from the database (e.g. have a "country" drop
           | down and automatically populate a "region" drop down based on
           | the choice of country) and so on. You need some BASIC and SQL
           | for this but not much
        
             | IggleSniggle wrote:
             | Oh wow. Different poster same problem. Your comment made me
             | realize that it's the "but I don't wanna!" attitude that I
             | already know how to push through when it comes to language
             | learning, just disguised differently. I'm still not sure
             | that I wanna, tho...
        
               | DrDeadCrash wrote:
               | You gotta need it ...
        
           | Shrezzing wrote:
           | The MS documentation for Excel is a pretty good resource to
           | learn from these days, with text descriptions for just about
           | every function, and videos for most too. This page [1] is an
           | especially great resource. It's got a "top-10" list, which is
           | a good place to start, as it covers the majority of things
           | you'll see in a normal business document.
           | 
           | After those 10, they break them down by category, and have
           | one for Financial Functions, which is going to be useful for
           | you. Similarly, the Logical, Math & Trig, and Stats
           | functions, will all be useful for looking at a Finance firm's
           | spreadsheets.
           | 
           | [1] https://support.microsoft.com/en-gb/office/excel-
           | functions-b...
        
           | xbmcuser wrote:
           | For excel/spreadsheets etc chat gpt or google gemeni are a
           | lot more useful than for normal programming as a lot of stuff
           | about spread sheets is explained in easy steps for non
           | technical people to implement so that has become a treasure
           | trove of information for llm models.
        
           | seb1204 wrote:
           | There was a video from Joel Spolsky - you suck at excel. That
           | is a good starting point
        
             | throwaway2037 wrote:
             | Damn. Taken down! Can I get an archived copy somewhere?
             | 
             | Link from Reddit post: https://www.reddit.com/r/excel/comme
             | nts/14zj5vz/you_suck_at_...
        
               | VibrantClarity wrote:
               | https://archive.org/details/youtube-0nbkaYsR94c
        
           | internet101010 wrote:
           | For a best practices introduction I would recommend a course
           | geared toward investment bankers. Some things that should be
           | covered are:
           | 
           | * Avoiding hardcoding numbers, making input cells a certain
           | color, etc.
           | 
           | * Knowing the all powerful F4 key that alternates between A1,
           | $A$1, $A1, and A$1 (and knowing what each of these mean)
           | 
           | * Inserting blank lines above and below a summed range and
           | including those rows inside of the sum formula (prevents
           | formula from breaking if you move rows around)
           | 
           | Other than that you can do a lot of productive things with a
           | combination of index/match and dynamic named ranges via
           | offset formula.
        
             | throwaway2037 wrote:
             | All solid advice. I learned many of these by: (1) reverse
             | engineering other people's great sheets (formulas and VBA),
             | and (2) watching highly skilled Excel users.
        
           | plagiarist wrote:
           | All the spreadsheets have map/reduce stuff! It's the
           | programming you are used to but you type into a box and
           | reference variables by sheet location instead of by name.
        
           | airstrike wrote:
           | - INDEX/MATCH. For all given purposes, the last parameter in
           | MATCH() is always 0 unless you want to find the nearest match
           | 
           | - understanding that formulas can return arrays, not just
           | single elements (easier in more recent versions of Excel
           | which have made this more consistent for every formula), so
           | you can e.g. AVERAGE(IF(A1:A100>100,A1:A100,FALSE)) get the
           | average of the values between A1:A100 which are greater than
           | 100. the FALSE parameter can be omitted there but I left it
           | in for clarity. Interestingly this means AVERAGEIF() is just
           | syntactic sugar, so I prefer to avoid it. it makes it easier
           | to, say, change to MEDIAN(IF(...)) later, since MEDIANIF()
           | doesn't exist
           | 
           | - if you combine the first two bullets above, you'll enter
           | the fifth dimension
           | 
           | - don't ever hardcode a value if you can refer to it
           | somewhere else. want to use INDEX(MATCH()) and AVERAGE to,
           | say, take some average value over some time period? put the
           | start and end dates into their own separate cells with no
           | formulas, and then refer to those cells in your formula. if
           | you later need to change the time period, you won't have to
           | modify all your formulas, just those values
           | 
           | - LET() is strange at first but super powerful. most people
           | still don't use it
           | 
           | - Separate data from presentation. This point can't be
           | stressed enough. I care about it so much I'm literally
           | building an Excel competitor to enforce this. If possible,
           | separate raw data, data transformation and data presentation.
           | 
           | - most people know you can name cell ranges and refer to them
           | in your formulas. most people _don 't_ know you can also name
           | formulas and refer to them elsewhere. your "average value
           | over time" calc doesn't even need to be in a cell anywhere,
           | it can just exist as a defined value in a named range. now
           | named ranges are hard to see (only visible if you open the
           | name manager), harder to debug (you basically get just a
           | #VALUE error most of the time, forcing you to copy-and-paste
           | the named range into a cell to debug it) and they get copied
           | to other workbooks when you copy-and-paste across workbooks,
           | which makes them super messy.... but for short formulas they
           | can be pretty nifty
           | 
           | - LAMBDA() is even more recent than LET() and basically makes
           | named ranges more useful. even fewer people use it
        
           | layer8 wrote:
           | Buy one (or several) of these books and read through them
           | (pick what you find interesting):
           | https://www.amazon.com/s?k=excel
           | 
           | I find I learn best from (good) books because they actually
           | explain things coherently, and you can leaf through them to
           | discover features and things that look interesting.
        
         | makeitdouble wrote:
         | I wonder at what point we stop calling them "spreadsheets"
         | though.
         | 
         | You mention Excel, and a bunch of us do it Google Sheets, but
         | at this point it's not about sheets of data anymore and more
         | about the interface and runtime, and we have full applications
         | running in it.
         | 
         | I remember a colleague running API tests inside his Excel sheet
         | to more easily check for the different parameter combinations,
         | but telling everyone he was still using Postman just to avoid
         | discussing it.
        
           | thelittleone wrote:
           | I think it still becomes about the data. If using a sheet as
           | an app particularly with sharepoint, data integrity and
           | merging multiple users often becomes a problem.
           | 
           | I run one for a financial services firm and often get "excel
           | couldnt merge changes, want to save a copy or discard". We
           | tested this out, 2 users make editing different sheets on a
           | single excel workbook hosted on sharepoint and excel can't
           | figure out how to merge. If someone is on VPN and connection
           | drops this also often occurs.
        
             | DonHopkins wrote:
             | This is why for all its faults and limitations, Google
             | Sheets is astronomically better than Excel for
             | collaboration. There is one single source of truth, will
             | full change history and undo-redo of the entire spreadsheet
             | or individual elements, plus comments and chat.
        
           | wil421 wrote:
           | You can feed postman a CSV to test parameters with. You can
           | also do it on the CLI with Newman.
        
             | makeitdouble wrote:
             | Once you've decided to go with Excel it becomes pretty
             | different from just feeding an array of values. You can
             | autogenerate the combinations applying rules on what to
             | avoid, fuzzy the values, get the result of an API transform
             | it and feed it to another API etc.
             | 
             | I'm not recommending any of this, but it can go as far as
             | you want...
        
           | kitd wrote:
           | A spreadsheet is really just an easily accessible, visual,
           | functional programming environment. I think the question is
           | not how to make spreadsheets more programmable, but how to
           | make programming IDEs as simple as spreadsheets.
        
             | DonHopkins wrote:
             | From the discussion of Brad Myers' classic 1990 paper
             | (originally published by the ACM CHI conference in 1986,
             | then updated in 1990 in the Journal of Visual Languages &
             | Computing), "Taxonomies of Visual Programming and Program
             | Visualization" (where Brad dropped by to answer questions):
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26057530
             | 
             | https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~bam/papers/VLtax2-jvlc-1990.pdf
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26061576
             | 
             | >Brad Myers' paper answers the age-old argument about
             | whether or not spreadsheets are visual programming
             | languages!
             | 
             | >Google sheets (and other google docs) can be programmed in
             | "serverless" JavaScript that runs in the cloud somewhere.
             | It's hellishly slow making sheets API calls, though. Feels
             | like some kind of remote procedure call. (Slower than
             | driving Excel via OLE Automation even, and that's saying
             | something!) Then it times out on a wall clock (not cpu
             | time) limit, and breaks if you take too long.
             | 
             | >A CS grad student friend of mine was in a programming
             | language class, and the instructor was lecturing about
             | visual programming languages, and claimed that there
             | weren't any widely used visual programming languages. (This
             | was in the late 80's, but some people are still under the
             | same impression.)
             | 
             | >He raised his hand and pointed out that spreadsheets
             | qualified as visual programming languages, and were pretty
             | darn common.
             | 
             | >They're quite visual and popular because of their 2D
             | spatial nature, relative and absolute 2D addressing modes,
             | declarative functions and constraints, visual presentation
             | of live directly manipulatable data, fonts, text
             | attributes, background and foreground colors, lines,
             | patterns, etc. Some even support procedural scripting
             | languages whose statements are written in columns of cells.
             | 
             | >Maybe "real programmers" would have accepted spreadsheets
             | more readily had Lotus named their product "Lotus 012"?
             | (But then normal people would have hated it!)
             | 
             | >I Was Wrong About Spreadsheets And I'm Sorry:
             | 
             | https://www.reifyworks.com/writing/2017-01-25-i-was-wrong-
             | ab...
             | 
             | Excerpt from "Taxonomies of Visual Programming and Program
             | Visualization", by Brad A Myers, 1990/3/1, Journal of
             | Visual Languages & Computing, Volume 1, Issue 1, pages
             | 97-123:
             | 
             | Spreadsheets, such as those in VisiCalc or Lotus 1-2-3,
             | were designed to help nonprogrammers manage finances.
             | Spreadsheets incorporate programming features and can be
             | made to do general purpose calculations [71] and therefore
             | qualify as a very-high level Visual Programming Language.
             | Some of the reasons that spreadsheets are so popular are
             | (from [43] and [1]):
             | 
             | 1. the graphics on the screen use familiar, concrete, and
             | visible representation which directly maps to the user's
             | natural model of the data,
             | 
             | 2. they are nonmodal and interpretive and therefore provide
             | immediate feedback,
             | 
             | 3. they supply aggregate and high-level operations,
             | 
             | 4. they avoid the notion of variables (all data is
             | visible),
             | 
             | 5. the inner world of computation is suppressed,
             | 
             | 6. each cell typically has a single value throughout the
             | computation,
             | 
             | 7. they are nondeclarative and typeless,
             | 
             | 8. consistency is automatically maintained, and
             | 
             | 9. the order of evaluation (flow of control) is entirely
             | derived from the declared cell dependencies.
             | 
             | The first point differentiates spreadsheets from many other
             | Visual Programming Languages including flowcharts which are
             | graphical representations derived from textual (linear)
             | languages. With spreadsheets, the original representation
             | in graphical and there is no natural textual language.
             | 
             | Action Graphics [41] uses ideas from spreadsheets to try to
             | make it easier to program graphical animations. The 'Forms'
             | system [43] uses a more conventional spreadsheet format,
             | but adds sub-sheets (to provide procedural abstraction)
             | which can have an unbounded size (to handle arbitrary
             | parameters).
             | 
             | A different style of system is SIL-ICON [49], which allows
             | the user to construct 'iconic sentences' consisting of
             | graphics arranged in a meaningful two-dimensional fashion,
             | as shown in Figure 5. The SIL-ICON interpreter then parses
             | the picture to determine what it means. The interpreter
             | itself is generated from a description of the legal
             | pictures, in the same way that conventional compilers can
             | be generated from BNF descriptions of the grammar.
             | 
             | 10. Conclusions
             | 
             | Visual Programming and Program Visualization are
             | interesting areas that show promise for improving the
             | programming process, especially for non-programmers, but
             | more work needs to be done. The success of spreadsheets
             | demonstrates that if we find the appropriate paradigms,
             | graphical techniques can revolutionize the way people
             | interact with computers.
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26061279
             | 
             | >By the way, something I always meant to ask you, Brad: How
             | does "C32" fit into your acronym theme of gemstones and
             | rocks? Is it a teeny tiny 4x4x2 carbon atom block of
             | diamond? How many carats would that be?
             | 
             | >Brad Myers wrote several articles in that book about his
             | work on PERIDOT and GARNET, and he also developed C32:
             | 
             | >C32: CMU's Clever and Compelling Contribution to Computer
             | Science in CommonLisp which is Customizable and
             | Characterized by a Complete Coverage of Code and Contains a
             | Cornucopia of Creative Constructs, because it Can Create
             | Complex, Correct Constraints that are Constructed Clearly
             | and Concretely, and Communicated using Columns of Cells,
             | that are Constantly Calculated so they Change Continuously,
             | and Cancel Confusion
             | 
             | >Spreadsheet-like system that allows constraints on objects
             | to be specified by demonstration. Intelligent cut and
             | paste. Implemented using Garnet.
             | 
             | http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~bam/acronyms.html
        
               | sillysaurusx wrote:
               | This is by far the most comprehensive overview of
               | spreadsheets related to programming that I've ever seen.
               | Thank you for putting this together.
        
               | nox101 wrote:
               | It an very different definition of visual programming to
               | claim a system where you don't actually see the code is
               | "visual programming"
               | 
               | In a text based language you see the code as text
               | 
               | In visual programming you generally see the code as a
               | connected graph of nodes like Unreal Blueprints
               | 
               | In most spreadsheets you don't see the code. it's all
               | hidden as formulas in cells and all you see is the result
               | of each formula.
               | 
               | I'm not saying a spreadsheet isn't a programming
               | environment but it's hard to see it as "visual
               | programming" to see at most one line at a time
        
               | mcbishop wrote:
               | Seeing all formulas in Excel is a menu-button click away:
               | 
               | Formulas tab > Formula Auditing group > Show Formulas
               | button
        
               | nox101 wrote:
               | yes but, most of them will still be hidden given they are
               | longer than the cells they populate. Right?
        
               | DonHopkins wrote:
               | The "Visual" in "Visual Programming Language" is about
               | the graphical, interactive method of creating and
               | understanding programs, rather than merely the visibility
               | of textual or graphical code.
               | 
               | Spreadsheets typically show the entire formula of the
               | selected cell at the top of the window, at the full width
               | of the window.
               | 
               | Visual programming languages based on outliners and
               | notebooks, like UserLand Frontier, Jupyter, or
               | Mathematica, let you hide the code by closing the
               | outlines or code editor views.
               | 
               | The many lives of Frontier:
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MlN-L88KScw
               | 
               | Demo of Scripts menu in Little Outliner:
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_jrDW18R-Us
               | 
               | Ivan Sutherland's pioneering PhD thesis "Sketchpad"
               | didn't show code or formulas or constraints on the screen
               | all the time either, focusing on the graphical content
               | itself that you were creating and editing and programming
               | with direct manipulation, demonstration, and constraints,
               | instead of just the code.
               | 
               | Ivan Sutherland Sketchpad Demo 1963:
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6orsmFndx_o
               | 
               | >This video is a TV show made about the software Ivan
               | Sutherland developed in his 1963 thesis at MIT's Lincoln
               | Labs, "Sketchpad, A Man-Machine Graphical Communication
               | System", described as one of the most influential
               | computer programs ever written. This work was seminal in
               | Human-Computer Interaction, Graphics and Graphical User
               | Interfaces (GUIs), Computer Aided Design (CAD), and
               | contraint/object-oriented programming. While watching
               | this video, remember that the TX-2 computer (built circa
               | 1958) on which the software ran was built from discrete
               | transistors (not integrated circuits -it was room-sized)
               | and contained just 64K of 36-bit words (~272k bytes).
        
               | DonHopkins wrote:
               | Many visual programming languages don't necessarily
               | display a connected graph of nodes, or explicit visual
               | code beyond the data you're acting on.
               | 
               | What many people don't realize about visual programming
               | languages is that there are so many of them that look and
               | behave extremely differently than the few recent and
               | popular ones they might have actually seen and used, like
               | Unreal Blueprints.
               | 
               | People have been inventing wildly diverse VPLs for a long
               | time, and there is no one standard visual design (like
               | graphs with boxes and arrows, interlocking blocks, text,
               | images, etc) or execution model (like data flow, control
               | flow, cellular automata, constraints) or interface style
               | (like keyboard, mouse, dialog panels, notebook, direct
               | manipulation, demonstration or example) that defines the
               | genre.
               | 
               | Your narrow definition of VPL excludes not only
               | spreadsheets but also Visual Programming by Example
               | (VPBE), Programming by Demonstration (PBD), and Visual
               | Constraint Programming (VCP), topics that Brad Myers and
               | others have studied, researched, and written code and
               | papers about for decades.
               | 
               | It also excludes groundbreaking influential work like
               | Ivan Sutherland's 1963 "Sketchpad" PhD thesis that
               | pioneered Visual Constraint Programming and many other
               | advanced interaction techniques.
               | 
               | VPBE and PBD enable users to teach the computer new
               | behaviors by demonstrating actions on the interface,
               | rather than by writing code explicitly. This approach is
               | inherently visual and interactive, focusing on the
               | outcomes of actions to infer the underlying logic or
               | procedures.
               | 
               | Brad Myers' 1987 PhD thesis "Creating User Interfaces by
               | Demonstration" is one of his early and influential works
               | in the field of PBD. It discusses the design,
               | implementation, and evaluation of Peridot, a system that
               | allows users to create user interfaces by demonstrating
               | actions instead of writing code.
               | 
               | https://books.google.nl/books/about/Creating_User_Interfa
               | ces...
               | 
               | Peridot Full 1987:
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FsGx7G72V0Q
               | 
               | >Peridot was a system for creating User Interfaces that
               | was created between 1985 - 1987. This video was
               | previously published as: Brad A. Myers. Creating User
               | Interfaces by Demonstration: The Peridot UIMS. Technical
               | Video Program of the SIGCHI'88 Conference, Washington,
               | D.C., May 15-19, 1988. and IFIP Interact '87 Conference
               | on Human-Computer Interaction. Stuttgart, West Germany.
               | Sept. 1-4, 1987. SIGGRAPH Video Review, Issue 59, no. 2.
               | 
               | "Demonstrational Interfaces: Sometimes You Need a Little
               | Intelligence, Sometimes You Need a Lot" (1998): In this
               | article, Myers explores the concept of demonstrational
               | interfaces, which are a subset of intelligent user
               | interfaces that allow users to demonstrate actions to
               | achieve goals. The paper discusses the spectrum of
               | intelligence required in such systems, from minimal to
               | substantial, depending on the task complexity.
               | 
               | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B97
               | 815...
               | 
               | "Garnet: Comprehensive Support for Graphical, Highly
               | Interactive User Interfaces" (1990, IEEE Computer): Myers
               | and his colleagues introduced Garnet, a toolkit for
               | creating graphical, interactive user interfaces. Garnet
               | supports PBD in the context of UI development, making it
               | easier for developers to create and manipulate UI
               | elements.
               | 
               | https://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/garnet/www/
               | gar...
               | 
               | I worked with Brad on Garnet at CMU, wrote about it on
               | HN, and wrote a comparison of Garnet and OpenLaszlo:
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11232154
               | 
               | Constraints and Prototypes in Garnet and Laszlo:
               | 
               | https://web.archive.org/web/20070207232741/http://www.don
               | hop...
               | 
               | "Constraints are like structured programming for
               | variables":
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11232154
               | 
               | "Programming by Example: Intelligence in Demonstrational
               | Interfaces" (1992, Communications of the ACM): This paper
               | discusses the role of intelligence in demonstrational
               | interfaces, emphasizing how such systems can infer user
               | intentions from examples to automate tasks and create
               | programs.
               | 
               | https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/330534.330545
               | 
               | "Past, Present, and Future of User Interface Software
               | Tools" (2000, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human
               | Interaction): Although not solely focused on PBD, this
               | paper, co-authored with Scott E. Hudson and Randy Pausch,
               | provides an extensive overview of user interface software
               | tools, including those that incorporate principles of
               | programming by example and demonstration.
               | 
               | https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/344949.344959
               | 
               | Myers has contributed to several books either as an
               | author or editor, covering topics related to user
               | interface design, software development, and PBD. One
               | example is "Watch What I Do: Programming by
               | Demonstration," which Myers edited. This book is a
               | comprehensive overview of the field of programming by
               | demonstration, featuring chapters by various authors on
               | different PBD systems and theories.
               | 
               | https://www.e-booksdirectory.com/details.php?ebook=3365
               | 
               | Ivan Sutherland developed "Sketchpad" as his PhD thesis
               | at MIT in 1963, which is often considered one of the
               | earliest examples of visual programming. Sketchpad was
               | revolutionary for its time, introducing concepts that
               | laid the groundwork for interactive computer graphics,
               | graphical user interfaces (GUIs), computer-aided design
               | (CAD) systems, and indeed, visual programming itself.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketchpad
               | 
               | Ivan Sutherland Sketchpad Demo 1963:
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6orsmFndx_o
               | 
               | >This video is a TV show made about the software Ivan
               | Sutherland developed in his 1963 thesis at MIT's Lincoln
               | Labs, "Sketchpad, A Man-Machine Graphical Communication
               | System", described as one of the most influential
               | computer programs ever written. This work was seminal in
               | Human-Computer Interaction, Graphics and Graphical User
               | Interfaces (GUIs), Computer Aided Design (CAD), and
               | contraint/object-oriented programming. While watching
               | this video, remember that the TX-2 computer (built circa
               | 1958) on which the software ran was built from discrete
               | transistors (not integrated circuits -it was room-sized)
               | and contained just 64K of 36-bit words (~272k bytes).
               | 
               | Nicholas Jackiw's "The Geometer's Sketchpad" (GSP) is
               | considered a Visual Programming Language (VPL) within the
               | context of educational technology and mathematics due to
               | its innovative approach to geometry, algebra, and
               | calculus through direct manipulation and visualization.
               | While not a VPL in the traditional sense of software
               | development or general-purpose programming, GSP embodies
               | key aspects of visual programming that make it a powerful
               | tool for learning and exploration in mathematics.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Geometer%27s_Sketchpad
               | 
               | Macro Recorders (i.e. Emacs keyboard macros, Photoshop
               | actions, etc): Many applications allow users to record a
               | series of actions (like formatting text or organizing
               | data) as macros. You demonstrate the desired actions, and
               | it records your actions as executable steps. The "code"
               | behind these macros is often generated automatically and
               | can be edited textually, but the initial programming is
               | done visually through demonstration.
               | 
               | Interactive Data Analysis Tools (like Tableau, Microsoft
               | Power BI, etc): Some data analysis tools let users
               | manipulate data sets visually (e.g., through drag-and-
               | drop interfaces for selecting data ranges or specifying
               | graph types), and then automatically generate the scripts
               | or queries that represent these actions. This approach
               | allows users to "program" data transformations and
               | visualizations without writing code directly.
               | 
               | Graphical User Interface Builders (like XCode, etc): GUI
               | builders, often found in integrated development
               | environments (IDEs), allow developers to design
               | interfaces by arranging components visually. Properties
               | and event handlers can be assigned through demonstrations
               | or interactions with the interface, such as by selecting
               | elements and setting their characteristics through
               | property windows. The underlying code for the GUI is
               | generated by the tool, based on the visual design.
               | 
               | End-User Development Tools: Platforms designed to
               | creating custom applications or automations through
               | demonstration. For instance, tools like IFTTT (If This
               | Then That) or Zapier allow users to create "applets" or
               | "zaps" by choosing triggers and actions from a list of
               | services and configuring them without seeing any
               | traditional programming code. The logic is entirely
               | defined through the visual assembly of components.
               | 
               | AgentSheets is a visual programming environment that
               | allows users, including those with little to no
               | programming experience, to create their own simulations,
               | games, and interactive stories. It is particularly known
               | for its use in educational settings to teach
               | computational thinking and programming concepts.
               | 
               | Programming by Example in AgentSheets: The environment
               | supports a PBE approach through its "Visual AgenTalk"
               | programming language. Users can specify the behavior of
               | agents (the active components in their simulations or
               | games) by defining rules in a visual manner. These rules
               | are often created by demonstrating actions or setting up
               | conditions and outcomes using a graphical interface,
               | which the system then translates into executable logic.
               | 
               | https://agentsheets.com/
               | 
               | https://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/AgentSheets
               | 
               | David Ackley's "SPLAT" programming language for the
               | Moveable Feast Machine, and Lu Wilson's "Sandpond" visual
               | cellular automata programming language, let you define
               | rules by example, which I recently wrote about on HN
               | here:
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39632735
        
               | DuncanMak wrote:
               | There's also this paper by Alan Kay that talks about the
               | power of spreadsheets:
               | 
               | https://worrydream.com/refs/Kay_1984_-_Computer_Software.
               | pdf
               | 
               | > The dynamic spreadsheet is a good example of such a
               | tissuelike superobject. It is a simulation kit, and it
               | provides a remarkable degree of direct leverage.
               | Spreadsheets at their best combine the genres established
               | in the 1970's (objects, windows, what-you-see-is-what-
               | you-get editing and goal-seeking retrieval) into a
               | "better old thing" that is likely to be one of the
               | "almost new things" for the mainstream designs of the
               | next few years.
        
               | ianand wrote:
               | Love this convo and the resources. Thanks for sharing
               | this @DuncanMak and @DonHopkins
        
         | ramses0 wrote:
         | Check out "Google AppSheets". I've only scratched the surface
         | while investigating other stuff but it's basically "drag-and-
         | drop mobile GUI builder w/ sheets as a backend". If it were
         | 2005 it would SLAY so much code. As it is, it seems really
         | useful but the outcome seems a bit generic for modern tastes.
        
           | wycy wrote:
           | This seems quite hidden. Googling "google appsheets" results
           | in "did you mean 'google sheets'?" and showing only results
           | for google sheets unless you specifically then request
           | AppSheets.
           | 
           | It sounds cool, but I'd hate to rely on it since Google will
           | probably shut it down.
        
             | iLoveOncall wrote:
             | Seems to be because the actual name is AppSheet and not
             | "Google AppSheet" (even though it is mentioned in this way
             | on their website in some places).
             | 
             | Requesting just "AppSheet" gives the right result.
        
             | rqtwteye wrote:
             | I am not using them so it should be ok for now. Once I
             | start using them it's almost guaranteed that they will shut
             | down that service.
        
           | greenie_beans wrote:
           | love appsheets, very powerful.
        
         | yreg wrote:
         | Our company used to run completely on Google spreadsheets (a
         | lot of it was written by the CEO). It worked, but at some
         | point, it became a convoluted unmaintainable mess.
         | 
         | First, we partially switched to Airtable, but soon abandoned it
         | in favour of our own internal node/python tools. The company is
         | now a lot larger and the tools are more robust/capable/clean
         | now, but at the same time, they are much less flexible than the
         | old spreadsheets.
        
           | throwaway2037 wrote:
           | Why is this downvoted? Many Wall Street fixed income trading
           | desks were the same before 2010. What you wrote is true for
           | many different types of businesses. A huge amount of sales
           | (customer management) tools are written in Excel/VBA. They
           | work well. It is a great platform.
        
           | rqtwteye wrote:
           | " they are much less flexible than the old spreadsheets."
           | 
           | I have seen that several times while I was a consultant.
           | People run their stuff on spreadsheets. It's a big mess but
           | things get done . IT comes in and starts producing
           | "professional" systems. Months of requirements gathering,
           | then they deliver something. It's not 100% right so people
           | need to write tickets. IT may or may not make the changes. If
           | they make a change it takes forever. People still need to do
           | their job so they go back to spreadsheets.
        
         | skipants wrote:
         | I'm confused... are you just commenting on the name of the
         | website itself or the content?
         | 
         | The content itself is about demonstrating how an LLM/Neural net
         | works using a spreadsheet and is a play on the title "Attention
         | is All You Need". It has nothing to do with using a spreadsheet
         | for most of your use cases.
        
           | bunderbunder wrote:
           | And the author's comments on the difficulty of doing matrix
           | multiplication in Excel suggest that he doesn't _actually_
           | believe that spreadsheets are all you need.
        
       | rokhayakebe wrote:
       | Maybe purchase sayn.ai. Saayn.ai is unvailable.
        
         | ianand wrote:
         | I'm a bonehead. I did buy saayn.ai but forgot to redirect it.
         | Fixed now. Thanks for pointing it out.
        
           | KMnO4 wrote:
           | I'm impressed by your investment into this. That's already a
           | couple hundreds dollars (per year) on just the domains.
        
             | ianand wrote:
             | I try to look at it as motivation to stay committed.
             | 
             | Like spreadsheets, domain names are a bit of an obsession
             | for me. One of the other AI side projects I'm working on is
             | a CustomGPT to help come up with domain names
             | (https://niftynamer.com) so I don't have to come-up-with-
             | another-unwieldy-long-domain-name.again.
        
       | godzillabrennus wrote:
       | Harper Reed said this at an 1871 event after Obama got his second
       | term.
        
       | wsc981 wrote:
       | Awesome stuff.
       | 
       | The introduction video on the page is very nice indeed to get a
       | basic idea on the inner working of the Excel sheet.
        
       | jrockway wrote:
       | An AI company going for investment banks as customers, eh? Pretty
       | smart idea!
        
       | snehesht wrote:
       | Spreadsheet link https://github.com/ianand/spreadsheets-are-all-
       | you-need/rele...
        
         | brnt wrote:
         | I'm not a big Excel user, but I see errors that I get when I
         | type in English function names while using a non-English
         | version of Excel. Is it correct that functions (and thus this
         | xlsb file) are not portable to other language versions of
         | Excel?
        
           | c-linkage wrote:
           | It's been my experience that Excel spreadsheets are not
           | transferable from one locale to another. Maybe there is a
           | "culture-invariant" version of a spreadsheet but I haven't
           | found it.
        
             | ianand wrote:
             | Oh man. Was not aware. That's a bummer. Have logged it as
             | something to look into
             | https://github.com/ianand/spreadsheets-are-all-you-
             | need/issu...
             | 
             | It's another reason to potentially port this thing to the
             | browser one day... https://github.com/ianand/spreadsheets-
             | are-all-you-need/issu...
        
       | intalentive wrote:
       | Jeremy Howard has been using spreadsheets to teach NNs for years.
       | Instructive and intuitive.
        
         | ianand wrote:
         | Author here. Yes, Jeremy Howard and fast.ai was one of the
         | inspirations for this! I'd actually be curious what he thinks
         | of the project if he ever sees it.
        
           | jph00 wrote:
           | He thinks it's really amazingly cool! :D
           | 
           | I'm so happy to hear that I had some part to play in
           | inspiring such a marvellous project.
        
             | ianand wrote:
             | Oh wow!! Thanks!!
        
               | Whiteshadow12 wrote:
               | The beauty of HN is interactions like this.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | Reminds me of Standup Maths using colored spreadsheet cells to
         | paint an image.
        
       | throwaway14356 wrote:
       | sentient spreadsheets, i don't think ill be able to sleep now.
        
         | thomashop wrote:
         | sentient spreadsheets. i love it. can I use that as my next
         | band name?
        
       | xyzzy_plugh wrote:
       | Spreadsheet, tensor... same difference.
        
       | ianand wrote:
       | Creator here. Thanks for posting this! Happy to answer questions
       | or take suggestions and hope it helps folks better understand
       | LLMs.
       | 
       | Next video will be on embeddings and hopefully done soon-ish.
        
         | okokwhatever wrote:
         | We need more people like you. Thank you.
        
         | anhner wrote:
         | Thank you so much for doing these videos, I learned a lot
         | today. You have a talent for teaching! If you don't mind me
         | asking, what is your background?
        
           | ianand wrote:
           | Happy to help and thanks! Do let me know how the material
           | could be better. Always looking to improve it.
           | 
           | To answer your question:
           | 
           | EECS Major in college; 20 years of engineering and product
           | management experience. I have given a few technical talks at
           | conferences and I do enjoy the process of explaining things
           | though it takes a surprising amount of work.
           | 
           | When I went to school ironically neural nets were the one
           | thing they didn't cover in the intro to AI courses. I've
           | basically learned modern AI from just filling my own
           | curiosity over the years through online resources on nights
           | and weekends. Learned a lot from Jeremy Howard's Fast.ai and
           | Andrej Karpathy's stuff just like everyone else. I really
           | wanted to know how every step of GPT worked, kind of like how
           | you learn Computer Architecture in college: you learn how
           | CPUs work in principle starting with circuits. Then I got a
           | crazy idea the whole model could fit in a spreadsheet because
           | well I just really like spreadsheets. Went down a 2-3 month
           | rabbit hole in my non-existent sparetime to make it work.
        
             | anhner wrote:
             | The passion and curiosity you have for the topic are
             | palpable in the videos. Thank you again for also sharing
             | with us your exploration into this learning endeavor.
        
         | enahs-sf wrote:
         | moovweb mafia strikes again
        
         | krick wrote:
         | RSS would be really nice.
        
           | burkaman wrote:
           | Not 100% sure this will work, but there is a Mailchimp
           | signup, and Mailchimp newsletters have RSS feeds. Based on
           | the newsletter URL the RSS feed should be
           | https://us21.campaign-
           | archive.com/feed?u=96d33fd949860389358.... There's nothing in
           | there yet but I would expect posts to show up if they start
           | sending out emails.
        
       | decafninja wrote:
       | Classic scenario in legacy finance tech: the hotshot trader or
       | investment banker shakes his fist furiously demanding to be given
       | back his Excel spreadsheets and the entire tech department be
       | fired.
        
         | denimnerd42 wrote:
         | regulators would like a word.
        
           | michaelcampbell wrote:
           | Not any more; they're overworked and underpaid and have
           | little to no authority in our new reality.
        
       | brcmthrowaway wrote:
       | Why can't a spreadsheet implement GPT-3 or GPT-4?
        
         | stareatgoats wrote:
         | I find this visualization is useful for showcasing the
         | difference between the different model generations:
         | https://bbycroft.net/llm . The difference in scale is massive.
         | 
         | It was discussed here some time ago:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38505211
        
       | Prcmaker wrote:
       | Cool, the modern equivalent of 1-800-i-really-enjoy-carpeting.
        
       | MichaelZuo wrote:
       | > Aside from the minuscule context length, it also lacks the
       | instruction tuning and reinforcement learning from human feedback
       | (RLHF) that turn a large language model into a chatbot.
       | 
       | Is RLHF even strictly necessary?
        
         | ianand wrote:
         | Strictly necessary? Maybe not. I wrote that before URIAL
         | [1][2]. I actually haven't tried URIAL in GPT2 small but I need
         | to give it a whirl. Might be too small a model to work?
         | 
         | Even if URIAL works with GPT2 small, the really small context
         | length in the Excel file as currently implemented will make it
         | hard to leverage. I've considered a more flexible
         | implementation to support a longer context length (e.g. using
         | Macros to build the layout of the sheet) but have prioritized
         | the teaching videos first.
         | 
         | [1] https://allenai.github.io/re-align/index.html [2] Summary
         | https://twitter.com/intuitmachine/status/1732089266883141856
        
           | warkdarrior wrote:
           | > https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39700256
           | 
           | Holy color use, Batman! Someone take the crayons away from
           | that web designer.
        
         | littlestymaar wrote:
         | By default it's just going to be a text completion model, you
         | want an additional round of training to make it behave like a
         | chatbot. I guess you could probably get away with just fine-
         | tuning on chatbot discussions, but everybody uses RLHF so I
         | guess it must be much more efficient for that.
        
       | russellbeattie wrote:
       | Breakout inside Google Calendar, an LLM inside Excel... What's
       | next, a VR environment using Slack?
        
       | nxobject wrote:
       | Now we wait for a GPU-accelerated Excel calculation engine to
       | close the loop.
        
         | tombert wrote:
         | I had a coworker who had the idea of having a system that
         | automatically compiling xlsx files to Apache Spark, so that you
         | could have the easy interface of Excel while having the
         | processing power of Spark to crunch bigger data sets.
         | 
         | He actually quit the company to build it; I should find out
         | what came of that.
        
           | LtdJorge wrote:
           | Well, there are spreadsheet backends using Apache Arrow for
           | storage. You could use something like pola.rs or Arrow
           | DataFusion + Arrow Ballista for distributed processing of the
           | dataset.
        
             | tombert wrote:
             | Wait really? Which spreadsheets? I want to play with this!
        
               | breckognize wrote:
               | rowzero.io
        
       | arh5451 wrote:
       | Super cool stuff!
        
       | keybits wrote:
       | > What about Google Sheets? > This project actually started on
       | Google Sheets but the full 124M model was too big and switched to
       | Excel. I'm still exploring ways to make this work in Google
       | Sheets but it is unlikely to fit into a single file as it can
       | with Excel.
       | 
       | I wonder if it would work in https://rowzero.io/home ?
        
         | breckognize wrote:
         | Founder of Row Zero here. We can handle it. We can scale your
         | workbook to more memory/cores if the defaults aren't enough.
        
       | macrolime wrote:
       | Any way to try it without an Office 365 subscription?
        
         | Alifatisk wrote:
         | I think Office for web is free
        
       | emmelaich wrote:
       | Related? I was copy'n'pasting a few chars from one column from to
       | another in gsheets.
       | 
       | Gsheets intuited that I wanted to do this multiple times and
       | offered this formula:
       | 
       | > _=RIGHT(A7,LEN(A7) - (FIND(CHAR(160),SUBSTITUTE(A7, "
       | ",CHAR(160),2))))_
        
         | sebastiennight wrote:
         | Wait... this... outputs the right-hand part of a cell in column
         | A that follows the second space character in the string?
         | 
         | How is that related to anything?
         | 
         | Was it, at least, the correct formula for your need?
        
           | emmelaich wrote:
           | I presume it was the AI/ML part watching me doing the manual
           | stuff and automating it, which is cool.
           | 
           | Yes it was correct.
           | 
           | It gave me 43h0m from "08 Jan 43h0m". Obviously over a
           | column. I was able to adjust that to give me time durations.
        
       | taco-hands wrote:
       | This is a great project! Just forwarded to 7 people to help them
       | work through LLMs. Kudos.
        
       | jhanoncomm wrote:
       | Damn why didn't I think of that! Well done. And I wonder if in
       | memory spreadsheets are similar to (and as efficient as) Pytorch
       | Tensors anyway!
        
       | ponector wrote:
       | It is truly amazing!
       | 
       | Funny thing is that excel can do such thing but cannot replace
       | dates within the sheet. For example on Windows in Office 2021 if
       | I want to replace text cell which has value 2023-10-10 with new
       | value 2023-10-11 I have only two options as the result:
       | 10/11/2023 or 45210.
        
       | enahs-sf wrote:
       | worked with Ishan back in the day at Moovweb and he is truly a
       | genius and had ideas way ahead of their time when it came to the
       | web!
        
       | throw0101d wrote:
       | Related to strange things running in spreadsheets, if you want to
       | see how a 16-bit CPU works, Inkbox has created one in a
       | spreadsheet:
       | 
       | * https://github.com/InkboxSoftware/excelCPU
       | 
       | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rg7xvTJ8SU
       | 
       | A twenty-four instruction assembly language is also provided.
        
         | kitd wrote:
         | Reminds me of way back when I wrote a simple 8086 assembler in
         | Lotus 123. It even worked for simple uses.
        
           | DonHopkins wrote:
           | Lotus 123 would have been more popular with programmers if it
           | were named Lotus 012.
        
         | dmux wrote:
         | It's since changed, but for a while the band [Portugal. The
         | Man]'s website was just a Google Sheet!
         | 
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20230831003431/https://www.portu...
        
       | tombert wrote:
       | I occasionally need to loan people money, and usually they need
       | to pay me back in multiple payments, sometimes over several
       | months.
       | 
       | Being a proper geek, my first inclination was to build a web app
       | to keep track of that and so the people I am loaning cash to can
       | also view their balance, but I realized that would involve
       | maintaining state and login creds and a bunch of other variables
       | I haven't even considered, and maintaining this app would become
       | a second, unpaid job.
       | 
       | Then I thought "I could just use a Google sheet and share it",
       | which is what I ended up doing. It's easy to set permissions, I
       | don't have to worry about hosting, I can have it do any amount of
       | arithmetic and light programming that I might need, as well as
       | being automatic and reactive as I add information. It will be
       | slower than something I would write in C obviously, but
       | realistically for something involving budgeting the time savings
       | will be on the order of milliseconds.
       | 
       | I love spreadsheets. They provide a gateway to programming for
       | non-programmers, and they provide a low-effort means of playing
       | with data.
        
         | ishtanbul wrote:
         | Its not an unpaid job. Presumably you are charging interest.
         | You just dont have the scale of a bank to make money changing
         | anything close to market rates.
        
           | tombert wrote:
           | These are family members and/or in-laws, I'm not charging
           | interest to them, so if you count inflation it's actually
           | costing me money.
           | 
           | So it would absolutely be a second unpaid job, but I'll admit
           | that I didn't specify why.
        
         | LtdJorge wrote:
         | I think you told your experience based on the "spreadsheets are
         | all you need" title. I don't know if you know this, but it's a
         | play on the "Attention Is All You Need" 2017 paper by Google
         | which introduces transformers, the building block of LLMs.
        
           | LtdJorge wrote:
           | Now I noticed it does say so at the bottom of the page...
        
           | tombert wrote:
           | That's what I get for not fully reading the article. Thanks
           | for the reference, I have some reading material tonight.
           | 
           | Still, I meant everything I said about spreadsheets :)
        
         | anonymouse008 wrote:
         | Discernment is an earned virtue. Knowing when to build and when
         | to borrow is akin to a great filter in builder culture,
         | congrats on making it through
        
           | tombert wrote:
           | I do think that there's sometimes value in reinventing the
           | wheel. Sometimes your goal is to figure out how a wheel
           | works, or you think you have a better design for a wheel,
           | etc.
           | 
           | In this case, I don't think anything I'd do is going to be
           | revolutionary, and I don't think I would have learned at that
           | much, so Google Sheets was great.
        
             | anonymouse008 wrote:
             | Aye - your discernment is strong ;)
        
         | _fat_santa wrote:
         | Tangential but I've been thinking about building a real-estate
         | calculator after my first homebuying experience, something that
         | will provide you with a total cost of ownership, points bydowns
         | and other useful metrics about a home purchase. Rather than
         | jumping into a web app to start building, I've been prototyping
         | it in Excel. I found it really cool for prototyping this type
         | of app, I built my entire "MVP" in about an hour and now just
         | evaluating all the "features" I've added before committing to
         | transplanting this into a webapp.
        
           | tombert wrote:
           | Yeah, at this point for a lot of the more "number heavy"
           | things I do, my first version is generally in Google Sheets
           | to get a rough prototype and to make sure my math is
           | basically correct, and then a port to Julia.
           | 
           | The hyper-interactive nature of spreadsheets makes them kind
           | of genuinely _fun_ to tinker with. You can see results
           | immediately, and you have enough logic (even in just the
           | vanilla cells, not even counting JS or VBA) to implement a
           | lot of algo stuff.
        
         | pqwEfkvjs wrote:
         | How do you deal with people who don't pay back in time or ever?
         | What's your favourite tool for dealing with such situations?
        
           | tombert wrote:
           | Mentioned in a sibling reply, but the money I loan is to
           | either close friends or family members or in-laws. I know
           | them well enough to know that "not paying me back" really
           | isn't on the table.
           | 
           | In regards to "not paying on time", these are friends and
           | family, so it's not like I'm going to go break their kneecaps
           | or anything; if they're a bit short on the payment date we
           | just push it back.
        
         | LecroJS wrote:
         | Well said. This can go even further by defining JavaScript code
         | as functions in a sheet. For example, if someone pays you back,
         | you click a checkbox in the corresponding cell, and it runs
         | your code to send them a thank you email.
        
       | thunfischtoast wrote:
       | Jokes on you, my Excel regularily thinks that two cells are not
       | equal, despite both of them having exactly the same value and
       | type (also no trailing spaces or these things). Copy and pasting
       | it around sometimes solves the problem, but it never is apparent
       | to me why that happens.
        
         | tombert wrote:
         | Shot in the dark, but could this be some kind of IEEE floating
         | point rounding shenanigans? Never had that issue in excel
         | specifically, but I've certainly had that issue in C when
         | trying to compare two floats that should be equal.
        
         | airstrike wrote:
         | another shot in the dark but it could be different data types.
         | some numbers can get stored as text when you import them. you
         | can try wrapping your operands in VALUE() or TEXT() formulas
         | accordingly
         | 
         | other than that, I agree with the other poster and the only
         | issue I can think of is due to having a different number of
         | digits after the decimal point causing some rounding error when
         | comparing floats
        
       | krunck wrote:
       | Doesn't work in LibreOffice. Doesn't work with web Excel(too
       | big).
        
       | mrfakename wrote:
       | Wow! Impressive. How did they manage to fit GPT-2 in a
       | spreadsheet?
       | 
       | A question for the author: will it be open sourced?
        
         | bunderbunder wrote:
         | It's GPT-2 Small, which is only ~125 million parameters. That's
         | big, but it's not out of reach for modern versions of Excel.
         | The final spreadsheet is a 1.25GB file.
         | 
         | There's a GitHub link on the page:
         | https://github.com/ianand/spreadsheets-are-all-you-need
        
           | ianand wrote:
           | What @bunderbunder said. ^^^
        
       | low_tech_punk wrote:
       | Spreadsheet is the grandfather dataframe
        
       | analog31 wrote:
       | Now instead of "it's just curve fitting" I can tell my friends
       | "it's just a spreadsheet."
        
       | diracs_stache wrote:
       | Turns out folks are solving PDEs in excel:
       | https://sie.scholasticahq.com/article/4654-spreadsheet-imple...
       | (i knew about FFTs and special functions , but this looks
       | fun/interesting)
        
       | onemoresoop wrote:
       | Tried the prompt "Mike is hungry and wants to eat some" and the
       | predicted next token is "body". Is that how bad gpt-2 was?
        
       | kirill5pol wrote:
       | The OG deep learning Excel:
       | 
       | https://www.deepexcel.net/
        
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