[HN Gopher] Silicon Valley is pricing academics out of AI research
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Silicon Valley is pricing academics out of AI research
        
       Author : rbanffy
       Score  : 106 points
       Date   : 2024-03-13 19:40 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.washingtonpost.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.washingtonpost.com)
        
       | bbor wrote:
       | lol I thought this was going to be complaining about how many
       | GPUs it takes to create a new foundation model (not really
       | anyone's fault IMO), but turns out its "the AI hype is so large
       | that all the PhDs want to work in corporations and get paid
       | more".
       | 
       | My brother in Christ that's the WHOLE SYSTEM. Thats always true
       | because academia is a small corrupted line item in American
       | society, and industry is where all the resources flow. The
       | solutions are a) invest WAY more in universities, or b)
       | socialism. IMO. Anything else would be ineffectually treating a
       | symptom
       | 
       | Ofc this doesn't apply to private universities. Haha sucks to
       | suck I guess you'll just have to fade into no existence, what a
       | shame...
        
         | hasty_pudding wrote:
         | The universities have decided instead of paying professors the
         | solution is to hire layers and layers of bloated
         | administration.
        
           | ta8645 wrote:
           | It's part of the grift. It's essentially a ponzi scheme,
           | employing graduates holding useless degrees. There's a need
           | to prop up the job market in order to incentivize the next
           | crop of students to pursue even more useless degrees. The
           | bottom will completely fall out of this eventually.
        
         | YetAnotherNick wrote:
         | US spends more research per GDP or per capita than almost
         | everywhere in the world. Just because you hate capitalism
         | doesn't mean all things wrong stems from it.
         | 
         | [1]:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_by_re...
        
         | rjzzleep wrote:
         | It actually isn't, or rather it wasn't. A lot of the big open
         | source projects came out of people that spent undefined amounts
         | of time in or around universities.
         | 
         | It was possible because students didn't need to worry about
         | meeting commercial needs because they could a comfortable life
         | doing what they like without pressure, and because grants were
         | not beholden to commercial interests.
         | 
         | Not only have Bologna accords creeped in a slow Americanization
         | of European education but open source has also been hijacked.
         | 
         | A lot of this is on Europe's own self destructive policies
         | though. When they try to mimic the US all that comes out of it,
         | is a crappier version of the US, with more bureaucracy, where
         | they cannot compete on dollars spent.
        
           | bbor wrote:
           | Absolutely, well said. Never meant to impinge the reputation
           | of the amazing scientists that have brought us our many awe-
           | inspiring technologies, as they continue to excel in spite of
           | financial concerns. I'm just saying that AFAIK the pay
           | disparity has always been around in the 20th century US.
           | Godspeed to y'all in staying away from our mistakes!
        
         | tracerbulletx wrote:
         | Universities have the resources to hire competitively if they
         | wanted to.
        
       | anon291 wrote:
       | What is 'wrong' with this? Academics at these research labs are
       | still doing academic work, including teaching and mentoring
       | colleagues. The main 'issue' is likely that some college
       | administrator is not getting their cut.
       | 
       | Oh pity the poor colleges... how will they fund their over-the-
       | top, debt-financed facilities and football teams?
        
         | hasty_pudding wrote:
         | I've read that football teams are actually a revenue generator
         | for universities.
         | 
         | However you're absolutely right about insane amounts of wasted
         | money on bureaucracy.
        
           | jimbokun wrote:
           | They are only revenue generators for the semi-pro teams with
           | big TV contracts.
        
             | DragonStrength wrote:
             | Which includes most of our best public engineering schools.
             | Big 10 and SEC schools pump out a whole bunch of engineers.
        
               | lbrandy wrote:
               | > most
               | 
               | Well... "a few" is probably more accurate.
               | 
               | https://twitter.com/tjaltimore/status/1763571057703723344
               | ?s=...
        
               | joshuamorton wrote:
               | You've subtly changed the argument here.
               | 
               | That's the athletic department as a whole. At my alma
               | mater, which is on that list as one where the athletics
               | department costs 500-1000 per student, our football team
               | (which is consistently mediocre) and basketball team
               | were, as far as I know, profitable, and subsidized other
               | D1 sports. I believe that cost also covers the funding
               | for things like intramural sports, the student athletics
               | complex (gym), and various other athletics adjacent
               | things that are student-services shaped, and not
               | D1-sports shaped.
        
           | anon291 wrote:
           | football teams are a revenue generator for the top few
           | universities that have football teams worth following. For
           | all the strivers out there, they're not.
        
         | croes wrote:
         | What wrong with worse researchers and worse teachers?
        
           | munk-a wrote:
           | Because this is the internet I can't be certain if you're
           | being sarcastic or not but in case you aren't... a lot. Life
           | isn't a pursuit of profit and if people's training is solely
           | devoted to that they'll miss out on a lot of the stuff that
           | actually matters.
        
             | ipaddr wrote:
             | What are people missing by working privately? The stuff
             | that matters is outside of work
        
         | epistasis wrote:
         | Housing prices that restrict the ability of an economy to
         | function will strangle that economy.
         | 
         | That's the main issue. Nobody cares about some "cut" that a
         | college administrator would get (how? how much?).
         | 
         | Any economy that prices out its labor is doomed.
        
           | oglop wrote:
           | The fuck are you talking about. We price out labor constantly
           | and it seems to make the economy better. Also things really
           | can't be priced by labor. By that logic, a 10,000ft pile of
           | shit would be priced at the cost of labor I paid people to
           | build it.
           | 
           | No one is going to buy that mountain of shit. The labor had
           | only a part to do with the cost.
           | 
           | Everything works that way.
        
           | MattGaiser wrote:
           | > Any economy that prices out its labor is doomed.
           | 
           | I have heard this claimed a great deal, but has it ever
           | happened in a major city (heard of it in some tiny rural
           | towns)? The places with high housing costs are some of the
           | most productive economies out there.
           | 
           | Toronto, New York, San Francisco, Vancouver, etc. should be
           | experiencing the worst possible labor shortages were this the
           | case.
        
             | NotMichaelBay wrote:
             | I don't know of examples on a massive scale but I know
             | there are lots of firefighters (and probably police) that
             | live 1-2 hours away from their station. They are priced out
             | of the neighborhood and even neighborhoods surrounding the
             | one they serve.
        
               | abeppu wrote:
               | IDK, looking at SF data, I see plenty of firefighters,
               | police officers etc whose overtime pay is higher than
               | their base salary, and whose cash compensation is above
               | 300k.
               | 
               | For example: https://transparentcalifornia.com/salaries/s
               | earch/?q=Police+...
        
             | michaelt wrote:
             | Clearly, supply and demand will always be in equilibrium
             | for _some_ price.
             | 
             | But it might mean the workers your economy deems most
             | worthy of reward can't afford to have children; and the
             | workers who clean the offices and suchlike are sleeping in
             | bunk beds four to a room.
             | 
             | As visions for the future of our society go, some might
             | consider that somewhat unambitious.
        
               | anon291 wrote:
               | > But it might mean the workers your economy deems most
               | worthy of reward can't afford to have children;
               | 
               | Except it's the exact opposite, and the poorer you are,
               | the more likely you are to have children, whereas the
               | rich who can afford those homes are not.
               | 
               | > and the workers who clean the offices and suchlike are
               | sleeping in bunk beds four to a room
               | 
               | There is nothing 'wrong' with that.
        
             | epistasis wrote:
             | Now imagine how much _more_ productive they would be if
             | they didn 't restrict entry to the housing market so much?
             | 
             | Is ejecting a person to a lower-cost and lower-income area
             | from a higher-income area going to increase or decrease
             | overall productivity? I would say decrease.
        
             | ipaddr wrote:
             | Cities price out people/businesses all of the time. Some
             | more expensive service fills the void. How many flea
             | markets exist in those big cities compared to the past for
             | an obvious example. The pool of people willing to work
             | minimum wage is decreasing in those cities. Other things
             | like migrant workers and mass immigration are filling in at
             | lower wages for now.
        
         | keiferski wrote:
         | There's a little thing called the profit motive. Universities
         | aren't perfect but few other institutions have deliberate
         | spaces for non-commercial work.
        
           | jimbokun wrote:
           | US universities are becoming for profit institutions using
           | non-profit status to cook the books.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | Yes and the administrative areas take up to 50% of all
             | grant funding as "overhead"
             | 
             | Some overhead is necessary of course, you need buildings
             | and offices and the people who take care of them but it's
             | likely more bloated than it needs to be.
        
               | jbullock35 wrote:
               | > administrative areas take up to 50% of all grant
               | funding as "overhead"
               | 
               | I saw them take 60% as overhead at one of my
               | institutions.
        
               | ethbr1 wrote:
               | Are there no caps on admin overhead for grants? (it's
               | been awhile since I've been close to academia)
        
               | p4ul wrote:
               | At least in the US, an institution's "facilities and
               | administrative" F&A rate gets negotiated with the Federal
               | government every four or five years.
               | 
               | I know of some institutions with F&A rates at or above
               | 70%!! I presume that an institution trying to negotiate a
               | higher F&A rate than this would have some significant
               | pushback!
        
               | mnky9800n wrote:
               | Many grant giving institutions limit what they are
               | willing to pay. For example, from my understanding the
               | European research council will only pay 25% even if you
               | university demands more.
        
             | munk-a wrote:
             | Ivy league schools in particular are essentially just
             | endowment funds with some teachers around to keep their
             | non-profit status. There are plenty of great educational
             | institutions out there but the most prestigious ones are
             | suffering from their success and attracting money-minded
             | management that is more focused on growing their investment
             | portfolio and handing out juicy bonuses than attracting
             | good staff and ensuring a good educational environment.
             | 
             | And even with all that universities still have better a
             | more altruistic profit alignment than most private firms.
        
               | blackhawkC17 wrote:
               | > There are plenty of great educational institutions out
               | there but the most prestigious ones are suffering from
               | their success and attracting money-minded management that
               | is more focused on growing their investment portfolio and
               | handing out juicy bonuses than attracting good staff and
               | ensuring a good educational environment.
               | 
               | People keep trotting this line but without any
               | substantial proof. Harvard's highest paid employee is a
               | faculty member, David Malan, of the popular CS50 course
               | earning $1.6 million annually [1]. It's always been
               | faculty members earning even more than the President.
               | 
               | I assume you're counting Harvard Management Company, the
               | firm managing Harvard's endowment. Yeah, the CEO earns $9
               | million annually, which is quite high [2]. But there's a
               | catch; were he in the private industry managing a $50
               | billion+ fund, he'll easily clear $50 million+ in annual
               | compensation, if not $100 million depending on the
               | performance.
               | 
               | The endowment managers operate differently from the
               | institution, and salaries are actually much lower than in
               | the private sector. Maybe you want to complain about
               | inequality, sure, but that's another thing entirely.
               | They're paying the least they can to get expert fund
               | managers..
               | 
               | 1- https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizatio
               | ns/421...
               | 
               | 2- https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizatio
               | ns/237...
        
               | detourdog wrote:
               | The number of $100 million+ buildings a New England town
               | of 8,000 can have is staggering. The problem is the idle
               | hands and minds these buildings house. The number of
               | administrator looks like a make work project to create
               | more jobs.
        
           | s1artibartfast wrote:
           | And researchers without a profit motive are free to continue
           | to work for peanuts.
        
             | munk-a wrote:
             | But that research is important and benefits us all - so,
             | with how much excess and wealth stratification we're seeing
             | in the modern world, isn't it worth it to divert some of
             | that to supporting that research? If we're too focused on
             | profit we'll optimize for a local maximum and miss out on
             | highly impactful developments that might initially seem to
             | be dead-ends.
        
               | anon291 wrote:
               | The NSF and DoE and other government agencies make insane
               | amounts of capital available for research. The CHIPS act
               | included ~$53 billion in funding on its own.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | I dont think I agree with any of your assumptions.
               | 
               | 1) Private research doesn't benefit all
               | 
               | 2) Private research precludes public research
               | 
               | 3) A local Maximum would be a problem or trap
               | 
               | 4) The underlying view that the public has a right to
               | individual wealth and it is underutilized resource.
        
           | majormajor wrote:
           | If you want to do AI research along a line that doesn't seem
           | to currently represent big immediate profits, you aren't
           | going to be competing with SV firms anyway.
           | 
           | You still have to get grants and all for that area, and then
           | "profit motive" of one form or another might sneak back in,
           | but that would be true even without SV firms as well.
        
           | anon291 wrote:
           | I think the profit motive thing is stupid. It only matters if
           | the organization itself is a volunteer organization. For
           | example, if an organization is being run by nuns, I agree
           | that profit doesn't matter because nuns aren't allowed to own
           | any assets or have an income (by their own profession of
           | course). However, in a 'normal' non-profit organization, the
           | various stakeholders (employees, grant recipients, etc)
           | actually have a huge profit motive.
           | 
           | To me it doesn't matter if a CEO is working to get money for
           | investors or to pad his own pockets. at the end of the day,
           | the incentives are the same.
           | 
           | So, no, I don't think this matters at all. While true that
           | universities do have space for non-commercial work (which is
           | usually funded by outside parties like the NSF or
           | corporations anyway), the university leadership have a huge
           | profit-motive to get more students (via attracting to
           | professors) to pad their own pockets.
           | 
           | In some ways, the non-profit sector is even more self-serving
           | than the private one. At least private companies have to seek
           | the best for their investors, while many non-profits simply
           | seek the best for the CEO.
        
         | brnt wrote:
         | Not all universities are overfunded Ivy League.
         | 
         | A risk of proprietary research is that the company can hoard
         | knowledge, exploitation thereof, etc. It's the suboptimal
         | quadrants of the prisoners dilemma.
        
       | resource_waste wrote:
       | This is how it has always been in automotive.
       | 
       | ~15 years ago in automotive, juniors making 60-80k/yr. Most
       | engineers were making a nice 100k+/yr. Experts making ~20-60k
       | more. Top of field can make your 300k+ with consulting.
       | 
       | Academia? Oof, 40k/yr starting, never breaking 90k.
       | 
       | Your best talent basically goes to industry due to the forces of
       | capitalism. The 22 year olds getting masters/PhDs were seen to be
       | the failures who didn't get a job.
       | 
       | Now if you talk to the people in Academia, their prestige was
       | well worth the cost of living on an assembly line worker's wage.
        
         | quasse wrote:
         | My favorite academics in the automotive field were the ones who
         | had already been in the the industry for long enough to make
         | their bag and had come back to teach because it was fun.
         | 
         | The head of the automotive program at my alma-mater was very
         | well off and was completely open about the fact that he did
         | consulting on the side if he wanted cash for a new truck or
         | something. This also made him considerably more immune to
         | administratorial university politics.
         | 
         | A lot of university bloat and wasted resources came from the
         | fact that the various regents, deans and heads of so-and-so
         | wanted their fingers in every pie and would push various
         | "initiatives" that academic staff were expected to support
         | (which would then be a notch on the belt of the administrator
         | who created it, giving them power to hire more staff and create
         | more initiatives).
         | 
         | There were a lot of levers that could be used against academic
         | staff who focused too hard on teaching or supporting grad
         | students. Loss of lab space, no grad students funneled to them,
         | etc. The people who'd already "retired" once and were only
         | there to teach were basically the only line of defense against
         | this type of stuff, because they simply didn't care.
        
       | gnarlouse wrote:
       | In general the one regular report I hear from academics is that
       | it was a waste of their time in the first place and that they
       | would have been better off spending those two-six years in
       | industry anyway. Academia is a fucking scam.
        
         | epgui wrote:
         | I could not disagree more vehemently.
        
         | etrautmann wrote:
         | this really depends on personal situation, field, and
         | institution. It always makes sense to think carefully about
         | whether you want to do a PhD, but can certainly make sense for
         | the right person in the right place.
        
           | s1artibartfast wrote:
           | Exactly. If you want to study archeology, good luck finding a
           | 500K salary in industry. Academia might be your only option,
           | full stop.
           | 
           | They're interesting part is that these things change with
           | time. Academia might have been the best option for a
           | fundamental AI researcher in the 1980s.
        
             | jcranmer wrote:
             | > Exactly. If you want to study archeology, good luck
             | finding a 500K salary in industry. Academia might be your
             | only option, full stop.
             | 
             | I don't know what the salaries are, but there is actually a
             | private archaeological industry which services the need in
             | many countries to do archaeological excavations prior to
             | construction.
        
         | reactordev wrote:
         | As with everything, it depends. It depends on which school you
         | went to, taught by which professor(s), and that had access to
         | insiders within the broader academia landscape you are in.
         | 
         | If you got an ML degree from University of Alabama, You have a
         | vastly different experience than someone who got theirs from
         | Harvard or MIT. It has its place, as with all things, but how
         | many of the AI/ML grads with go work at Google or OpenAI? Not
         | many.
         | 
         | A degree does not guarantee you success, but in some cases, it
         | is a barrier to entry (Physicians).
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | Being constrained by demands of monetization potential isn't
         | necessarily better, and sometimes much worse.
        
           | __loam wrote:
           | Yes it wouldn't be a hackernews thread without some
           | neoliberal telling us about the harmonious society that the
           | profit motive is creating.
        
         | zemo wrote:
         | that's definitely what I hear from people who leave academia
         | and go into industry, but that's not a representative sample.
         | Are the people you're referring to as academics all people who
         | _left_ academia before you talked to them?
        
           | __loam wrote:
           | I mean they left academia because it's ass.
        
           | smallmancontrov wrote:
           | What fraction leave vs stay? I thought most left because the
           | population of PIs was relatively constant, so on average one
           | person per lab (not per year, per lab over the lifetime of
           | the lab) "made it." In this case, an unbiased sample would
           | include mostly people who left academia with a very
           | occasional person who stayed.
        
             | speedgoose wrote:
             | It probably depends on the place, but I know academic
             | institutions that want people to leave eventually because
             | indeed not everyone should or can be a professor. It's part
             | of their mission to also train people for the industry.
        
         | jjtheblunt wrote:
         | > Academia is a fucking scam.
         | 
         | I think you're describing a system where stagnation is allowed
         | momentum, because perpetual innovation of ideas and the people
         | promoting them can be stymied by "tenure".
         | 
         | Is this what you mean?
        
         | jedberg wrote:
         | If you're getting a PhD with the _intention_ of leaving for
         | commercial work afterwards specifically because you want a high
         | salary, then yes, the PhD program is probably a waste of time.
         | Case in point, all my friends stayed to get PhDs and I left to
         | go to industry. By the time they graduated, my income was
         | already a lot higher than their starting salaries.
         | 
         | However, people with PhDs have a much easier time getting
         | promos at commercial places. They get a built in assumption of
         | high competency, especially if the PhD is from a highly
         | regarded institution.
         | 
         | But if your intention with a PhD is to _become an academic_ ,
         | and you want to spend your time teaching or doing research,
         | besides being necessary it's also very worthwhile. Or if you
         | just really enjoy learning and don't care so much about salary
         | when you're done, then it's extremely fulfilling.
        
         | ajcp wrote:
         | That logic doesn't check. How did they get their jobs in the
         | first place if not for their academic credentials and research?
         | Did they just apply with a blank resume? Maybe the skills they
         | use at their jobs one can gain outside of academia for nothing,
         | but that still won't get them hired.
         | 
         | "Every rich person I've met has said money doesn't matter."
         | Okay, but there's only one way for them to prove it...
        
           | johnnyanmac wrote:
           | If your metric is compensation, which is the metric for many
           | here, then acedemia isn't financially worth it for software
           | engineers. You can check any "entry level" research position
           | and compare it to a position that required 4-5 years of
           | industry experience to compare. Unless you were researching a
           | very hot or soon to be hot field (which requires a bit of
           | foresight), you're generally not going to end up better off
           | by spending those extra years studying such a hyper specific
           | topic.
           | 
           | as a CS/SWE, only go for post-grad if convenient (e.g. Some
           | schools had a 4+1 program for a MS. That extra year probably
           | does pay off), if you have a very specific topic you want to
           | work in, or if you want to work in acedemia specifically.
        
             | ajcp wrote:
             | We're not talking about software engineers, we're talking
             | about research scientist and engineers lured away from
             | academia to work in the private sector. To your point I
             | agree and don't know of any software engineer aspirant who
             | thinks they need even a 4+1. But again, that's not the
             | demographic we're discussing.
             | 
             | There's a reason SV is hiring out of academia: because they
             | can't hire the same minds out of a 4-year program, and
             | certainly not off the street. In this case it shows the
             | value of those programs that got them there, so for these
             | former academics to report, as OP is suggesting, that it
             | was a waste of time/money seems to hold no logic.
        
       | nharada wrote:
       | I can think of a whole set of things academia could change to
       | attract more talent, and most of it wouldn't even cost much on
       | the part of the university aside from professors and
       | administration having to take accountability for various toxic
       | behaviors of the department.
        
       | hasty_pudding wrote:
       | It's hard to feel bad for universities when they've always taken
       | whatever money they've had and hired layers and layers of
       | bureaucracy instead of paying professors.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | It's hard to escape Parkinson's Law.
        
       | pfannkuchen wrote:
       | Academia exists to fund research that doesn't have a high enough
       | expected financial reward to be taken on by normal market actors.
       | 
       | So WAI?
        
         | addcommitpush wrote:
         | I am not sure everybody would agree with that statement. Some
         | might say academia exist to do research that extend humanity's
         | knowledge, whether there's a financial reward or not.
        
         | bachmeier wrote:
         | That's one reason to have research universities.
         | 
         | Another is to ensure that research results are publicly
         | available. This is quite important in AI, where a handful of
         | large companies could take control of a critical technology,
         | and nobody outside the companies would have any understanding
         | of it.
         | 
         | A third is to ensure that all types of research are considered.
         | One of the results from the economics literature is that using
         | algorithms to set prices can lead to the same prices you'd have
         | if the firms colluded. It's plausible that some companies would
         | be hesitant to have their high-salary employees do that type of
         | research and share it with the world (but also plausible that
         | they'd be happy to do that type of research and keep it to
         | themselves).
        
           | dleink wrote:
           | A broader goal is to have the kind of society that engenders
           | large vibrant research communities and the benefits that come
           | with them.
        
         | tzs wrote:
         | Insert "short term" before "financial".
        
       | testfrequency wrote:
       | This seems to be the new fad in tech.
       | 
       | It seems like SWEs are a dime a dozen now, and they will "come to
       | you" - but I'm seeing more and more internships and roles seeking
       | PhD grads/undergrads for roles that traditionally you may have
       | seen just this as a nice to have or a plus.
       | 
       | I'm convinced these secret founders Signal group chats are all
       | just CEOs saying how scientists and academia persons are really
       | who they want working for them. My hunch is that they will most
       | likely be less enthralled by the usual tech bubble that these
       | companies tend to hire in, less problematic, and "less company
       | focused" (focus on the task at hand, don't lean into company
       | culture or ask questions, follow the straight line).
        
       | robg wrote:
       | Misses the point of academia. Neural nets and back prop came from
       | a very small niche at the intersection of computer science,
       | psychology, and neuroscience. Working with limited resources is a
       | feature, not a bug, of innovation.
        
       | zyang wrote:
       | It's not always the money. Many academics labs are toxic work
       | environments compare to industry labs.
        
         | aorona wrote:
         | Some of them are great but then I remember when I was floating
         | around research labs some grad students would cry and tell you
         | not to do what they were doing because its miserable. But then
         | life has many fun horrors does it not?
        
       | mitchbob wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/2024.03.11-102743/https://www.washingtonp...
        
       | evertedsphere wrote:
       | sounds more like "SV is pricing universities out of AI
       | researchers" to me
        
       | omgJustTest wrote:
       | I worked at a lab hired away by SV.
       | 
       | In general our lab was very good at research & the rigidity of
       | current academic institutions means that
       | 
       | 1. admins are always the first hiring priority
       | 
       | 2. academics do a ton of free work in publishing, service to
       | their institutions on panels and committees, etc.
       | 
       | The leadership above our program head were so entrenched by block
       | grants, & their de-facto recipients, that there would be fights
       | over post-doctoral salary increases on the $5k level.
       | 
       | We had more money, which we won on competitive contracts, meaning
       | if we won new contracts we could pay for better people... this
       | was not welcome news to block grant recipients who had,
       | essentially, fixed budgets & old mindsets.
       | 
       | The result is, as it typically is, driven by incentive
       | structures.
        
         | noqc wrote:
         | What are the incentive structures driven by?
        
           | kmeisthax wrote:
           | The incentive structures of those funding the university's
           | research department. In many cases, state governments, who
           | themselves are run by congresspeople responding to the
           | incentive structures set out by voters. Those voters are
           | themselves tactically voting to get the best possible outcome
           | in response to the incentive structures set out by voting
           | systems. And the people who decide what the voting system is
           | are the congresspeople they're voting in, who have an
           | incentive to keep the system as it is so they can stay in
           | power.
           | 
           | In other words, it's incentives all the way down. At the
           | national level, there are other factors that dilute the
           | influence of this infinite regression of incentives, such as
           | geopolitics, war, etc. But for states the only real factor
           | that shines through - the green tint in our infinity mirror -
           | is "how much money do we want to spend on secondary
           | education" and the answer is invariably "less than last year"
           | and "can we find someone else to pay for it?"
        
             | noqc wrote:
             | If coal is equally distributed among all people, then the
             | utility to each person for burning their coal is more than
             | offset by the (negative) utility of everyone burning their
             | coal.
             | 
             | Voting is what allows us to _overcome_ this sort of
             | prisoner 's dilemma, and prevents coal from being burned
             | when it hurts society in aggregate to do so.
             | 
             | If instead, you adopt a system where how much you own
             | decides your voting power, then when the coal gets
             | concentrated enough, it doesn't matter how bad it is for
             | society, that coal will get burned, because the voting
             | power is concentrated among the people who benefit from it
             | the most.
             | 
             | Saying _voting_ is the source of this incentive structure
             | is ignorant.
        
       | JumpCrisscross wrote:
       | Look at that, academia figured out how to improve someone's job
       | prospects after all.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Government funding would just result in boondoggles like the old
       | national supercomputer centers from the 1980s. Giant, overpriced
       | one-off machines of types never sold to commercial customers,
       | surrounded by large administrative organizations and located for
       | political reasons.
        
       | jyunwai wrote:
       | A related read is by Fei-Fei Li, who wrote more details about her
       | point of view in a November 2023 article in The Atlantic [1]. The
       | submitted article in The Washington Post focuses largely on the
       | funding disparities, which she does highlight in her own article.
       | 
       | But her article in The Atlantic places a greater emphasis on the
       | effects of a brain drain of AI researchers from academia to
       | industry. She gives examples about how 40 roboticists left
       | Carnegie Mellon for Uber in 2015, and how her close collaborator
       | Andrej Karpathy chose OpenAI in its earlier days over "a faculty
       | offer from Princeton."
       | 
       | She most notably recalls a quote said by someone at an OpenAI
       | meeting that said that "Everyone doing research in AI should
       | seriously question their role in academia going forward," and
       | added the reflection: "To be honest, I wasn't sure I even
       | disagreed."
       | 
       | [1] https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2023/11/ai-
       | et...
       | 
       | There was also past discussion on HN about her article at:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38362242
        
         | choppaface wrote:
         | A key problem is Google alone has displaced academics e.g. at
         | NeurIPS
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/MachineLearning/comments/185pdax/d_...
         | 
         | This trend heavily biases AI research towards Google problems.
         | Perhaps things will swing away as LLMs (and especially smaller
         | LLMs) take over the field.
        
           | vinni2 wrote:
           | I would say this has a cascade affect and big well funded
           | universities are displacing smaller institutions.
        
         | SilasX wrote:
         | Beat me to it! The Carnegie Mellon/Uber "scandal" was talked
         | about a lot on HN at the time! Some of the big threads:
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9638121
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9602655
        
       | hintymad wrote:
       | Eh, how about firing 50% of the administrative staff from
       | universities per this graph:https://philmagness.com/wp-
       | content/uploads/2016/03/AdminGrow..., and definitely all the DEI
       | staff and half the social study programs? And how about cut all
       | the sports teams unless they are generating profits? How do
       | sports jockeys have to do with academics anyway?
        
       | fnfjfk wrote:
       | This article appears to be complaining that laborers are taking a
       | job that compensates more. Laborers are not the property of their
       | employers ("academia" here). It's good when someone takes a
       | higher-paying job, it will drive up wages to replace them.
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | Academia simply does not have the funding to pay wages driven
         | up. Tech pockets are _deep_ comparatively. Is that good or bad?
         | -\\_(tsu)_ /- I think it's more a call for private industry to
         | run the equivalent of Bell Labs/Xerox PARC as a substitute for
         | academia.
        
           | fnfjfk wrote:
           | Shrug, it's a market. Try offering 4 day work week or 10
           | weeks PTO then.
        
             | johnnyanmac wrote:
             | I think you underestimate how rigid government is. Nearly
             | everything is fixed. hours, location, salary raises,
             | retirement plans, etc. They are very safe but rarely the
             | most compensated in anything except intrinsic benefits
             | (There are a lot of veteran programs, for instance) and job
             | security.
             | 
             | The main story here isn't so much the headline as it is
             | acedemia asking for more funding.
        
               | EduardoBautista wrote:
               | University football and basketball coaches are also
               | government employees. They have no problem receiving
               | millions of dollars in compensation.
        
           | 7thaccount wrote:
           | It seems like private industry will win in anything that
           | makes money or if it wants to fund something. For everything
           | else, there's academia...until it becomes successful and then
           | private industry wins again. I think that's okay too as
           | hurdles exist on both sides. I did my first government grant
           | recently and was blown away by the time and effort it takes.
           | It's not a super efficient system.
        
             | detourdog wrote:
             | I agree that both the government and academia are for the
             | things private industry won't pay for.
        
           | Gud wrote:
           | Some of these institutions are extremely rich, especially the
           | type of academic institutions companies like OpenAI are most
           | eager to recruit from.
        
             | jltsiren wrote:
             | That doesn't really matter. Nobody wants to pay more simply
             | because they are rich. They may want to pay more if they
             | stand to gain something from the investment. AI research is
             | a poor investment for a university, because it's expensive
             | and highly competitive. The university will likely gain
             | more prestige by investing the money in other fields.
        
               | whatwhaaaaat wrote:
               | Interesting viewpoint since a university should be
               | spending money on the pursuit of knowledge for the sake
               | of knowledge and not profit.
               | 
               | The whole notion that universities should be profiting in
               | some personal form from research conducted at and for the
               | institution is a rot on modern academia.
        
               | jltsiren wrote:
               | An investment is an investment, regardless of whether it
               | is expected to yield money, prestige, or knowledge. If a
               | dollar spent on biological research produces more
               | knowledge than a dollar spent on AI research, it makes
               | more sense to spend that dollar on biological research.
        
             | rKarpinski wrote:
             | Apple, Alphabet, Amazon, Microsoft, Meta each individually
             | have more cash & equivalents on hand than the richest
             | school Harvard has in its entire endowment ~50B [2] (most
             | of which is not liquid)
             | 
             | [1] https://www.investors.com/etfs-and-
             | funds/sectors/sp500-compa...
             | 
             | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_univ
             | ersit...
        
               | EduardoBautista wrote:
               | And yet universities can afford to pay millions of
               | dollars to football and basketball coaches.
        
               | bawolff wrote:
               | They have more cash than most countries
        
           | noqc wrote:
           | >Academia simply does not have the funding to pay wages
           | driven up.
           | 
           | This isn't true at all. I know people in academia who have to
           | be _convinced by their unions_ to not teach for free during
           | disputes. Past about the 150k mark, The only thing left to
           | optimize is how much you like to do your job. You couldn 't
           | pay _me_ more than that do do something I like less.
        
         | AndrewKemendo wrote:
         | No is complaining that the benefits of AI research are all
         | privately owned instead of at least being tacitly about
         | knowledge.
         | 
         | I think it says more about incentives for people working in
         | automation than it does anything else
        
       | bedobi wrote:
       | Having recently spent quite a bit of time in Silicon Valley for
       | the first time... for the supposedly richest area of the richest
       | country in the world, wow, what an underwhelming experience, that
       | money you're spending doesn't give you anything compared to NYC
       | or even Miami.
       | 
       | Completely unwalkable, no transit, freeways and highways
       | everywhere, no bustle or nightlife even downtown on a weekend.
       | Extremely limited culturally. Large parts of it feels like a
       | third world country. Just what.
       | 
       | Sure there are some redeeming qualities like being near the Bay
       | and great hiking, but I can think of countless other places I'd
       | rather exist at any compensation level. (including nearby SF
       | which has at least some city qualities and amenities)
        
         | csa wrote:
         | > but I can think of countless other places I'd rather exist at
         | any compensation level
         | 
         | Bye, Felicia.
         | 
         | I hope many others follow your lead.
        
         | gnicholas wrote:
         | You've just described every city in California. If you want to
         | enjoy CA's weather and environment, this (or rural life) is the
         | price you pay. For some of us, avoiding bustle by living in the
         | suburbs is a benefit. Do the downtown areas shut down too
         | early? I thought so in my 20s, but now that I'm in my 40's I
         | don't really care.
         | 
         | Also, some people include "nearby SF" when referring to SV. I
         | disagree, but especially since Uber and other companies got
         | big, the geographic definition expanded.
        
       | tobias2014 wrote:
       | Is academia supposed to compete? I think the researchers wish for
       | that, but that's not directly how government funding agencies see
       | it. From a government's funding perspective the goal is to train
       | tomorrow's workforce. People learn in academia and then
       | transition and contribute outside. As far as agencies like DOE
       | go, that is an explicit goal.
        
         | Xeronate wrote:
         | isn't government funding for academia mainly grants for
         | research rather than investments in teaching.
        
       | Justsignedup wrote:
       | Similar to math teachers and programming. Most great math
       | teachers can easily convert to at least mediocre programmers. And
       | that translates to a 3x+ salary increase on day 1. I know people
       | who converted.
       | 
       | How does academia compete?
        
         | bachmeier wrote:
         | A point I've been making for several years is that the pandemic
         | changed everything. Academic jobs are no longer viewed as
         | having the special status they had even 10 years ago.
         | 
         | How do universities compete? They can't, but they don't need to
         | right now, because they've got a large existing stock of
         | employees that have heavily invested themselves in the academic
         | enterprise. That's a problem for a decade from now, but few
         | administrators think ten weeks into the future, much less ten
         | years. They'll still have a plentiful supply of humanities
         | faculty, so at least that 10% of the university will be okay.
        
           | Justsignedup wrote:
           | 10 years from now is likely a different administration and
           | it'll be their problem. The "Someone Else's Problem" is a
           | very strong motivator.
        
         | OkayPhysicist wrote:
         | They can compete the exact same way that those tech companies
         | compete with each other: compensation.
         | 
         | Pay more, or offer enough other perks to entice employees.
         | Teachers already have a massive perk in the fact that they work
         | ~1/3rd fewer days than other jobs. That's a great draw, if you
         | can offer good enough compensation to get over the "not making
         | enough money to live a comfortable life" threshold.
         | 
         | If people will risk their lives as cold-water crab fisherman
         | for the right price, there's certainly a price to put up with
         | highschoolers.
        
           | Justsignedup wrote:
           | Difference is funding. Good luck convincing the population
           | you need to tripple teacher salaries.
           | 
           | I mean we should. But good luck convincing.
        
             | aorona wrote:
             | If they tripled teaching salaries I would 100% become a
             | teacher because its fulfilling. But the pay is rather shit
             | for the role and responsibilities
        
               | Justsignedup wrote:
               | I know many who have the same sentiment. And I wish we
               | lived in a society where that was the case.
        
       | 23B1 wrote:
       | One point that seems to have been lost in the comments is that
       | academia is a 'safe space' for tough questions, theoretical
       | questions, questions that don't have a profit motive.
       | 
       | The degree to which they actually tackle those things is
       | debatable, but there is value in research that doesn't happen on
       | the exclusive behalf of shareholders.
        
       | cherryteastain wrote:
       | Considering the colossal waste of money almost every academic
       | institution spends on activities that are entirely peripheral to
       | research and teaching, I'd say good riddance.
        
       | dnissley wrote:
       | There's something very strange about the phrasing here. "X is
       | getting priced out of Y" is generally invoked to get someone to
       | feel empathy towards the party that is getting priced out. E.g.
       | "The urban poor getting priced out of a gentrifying neighborhood"
       | -- this is very much NOT that.
        
       | dekhn wrote:
       | In the past when I was in academia, I saw a really interesting
       | model: you have a faculty position at a university or a national
       | lab. But you also set up an "Institute" which is independent from
       | the U or lab. Instead it's an LLC owned by the faculty. The
       | institute applies for grants ("wearing your institute hat") and
       | the resulting grants are not subject to the university or lab
       | overhead. Instead, that overhead goes to fund the admin structure
       | for the institute, which can be far more minimal than a typical
       | research institute.
       | 
       | With an approach like this you can get $2-5M/year in funding,
       | hire 1-2 really good employees, and use the rest of the money to
       | pay for cloud infra (or on-prem or other infra if that's your
       | preference). And of course, any ideas you have, you spin off into
       | startups that you have equity in.
        
       | up2isomorphism wrote:
       | Almost all breakthrough in human history are not triggered by
       | money but talent meeting opportunity. So why worried about
       | someone wants to take a job (research or not) because he is
       | getting paid higher?
        
       | AndrewKemendo wrote:
       | We all knew corporations won the AI research game when Uber
       | bought the CMU lab
       | 
       | This was in the before transformers times but after alexnet
       | revolution
        
       | johnnyanmac wrote:
       | This story is at least a few decades old. The only reason to stay
       | in acedemia as a computer scientists/software engineer is if you
       | want to focus on cutting-edge research or otherwise have a
       | passion to teach others. Industry will outbid for everyone else.
        
       | karmasimida wrote:
       | And? This is just how economy work. Chip design has been like
       | that for decades.
       | 
       | The academia should be rejoiced that it has make an economical
       | impact
        
       | zitterbewegung wrote:
       | Have you heard of the MIT AI lab and Symbolics? During AI spring
       | it generally would switch to situations like these. We don't pay
       | a good enough wage to researchers so they get out of academia .
        
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