[HN Gopher] Boeing's 737 MAX Software Outsourced to $9-an-Hour E...
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       Boeing's 737 MAX Software Outsourced to $9-an-Hour Engineers (2019)
        
       Author : JazCE
       Score  : 99 points
       Date   : 2024-03-13 09:27 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.industryweek.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.industryweek.com)
        
       | jkic47 wrote:
       | The article seems to conflate engineering salaries in a low cost
       | of living country with the quality of the software.
       | 
       | As I understand it, the software performed exactly as designed,
       | forcing the nose of the plane downwards to counter the upwards
       | torque produced by the engines being offset relative to the
       | centre of gravity of the plane.
       | 
       | Mentour Pilot had a great episode on the two tragic accidents. It
       | appears that Boeing did not expose the way the software was
       | designed to behave, and the system silently turned itself back on
       | even after the pilots disengaged it.
        
         | silent_cal wrote:
         | In my experience there is a correlation there. Low-cost
         | outsourced code is generally pretty bad.
        
           | Smeevy wrote:
           | Not that you intimated this, but I don't know that it's
           | necessarily a problem with the people writing the code. What
           | I've seen is that organizations that try to save money by
           | offshoring are not providing adequate domain knowledge or
           | usable requirements to the developers.
           | 
           | Throw in a massive timezone difference and every
           | misunderstanding winds up living in your system.
        
             | silent_cal wrote:
             | That could be. However I think the language barrier is also
             | a significant factor. But of course there is nothing
             | inherently problematic about offshore developers.
        
               | cityofdelusion wrote:
               | I've had to deal with offshores my entire career and have
               | even flown out to train them up. They are good people,
               | but almost universally, they contract for U.S. companies
               | via large body shops (you know who they are) that have
               | awful pay, poor treatment of developers, and just a
               | general culture of half-assing work. I've told various
               | great offshore developers personally to leave as fast as
               | possible and join literally any other organization for
               | way more pay. Good developers have zero business working
               | at those body shops that all the U.S. corps utilize.
        
             | pfannkuchen wrote:
             | Culture issues do exist. IME different cultures have very
             | different approaches to communicating e.g. "I don't know"
             | or "I made a mistake". Not everyone in a particular culture
             | acts the same, but it definitely affects the average
             | outcome.
        
             | initplus wrote:
             | It's not a problem with individual offshore engineers. The
             | problem is the way the business they are employed by
             | operate.
        
         | uuddlrlrbaba wrote:
         | Weird take.
         | 
         | The theme throughout has been cost cutting and poor oversight
         | for the sole benefit of shareholder profits.
         | 
         | A proper in house team would probably say, hey what happens
         | when the sole sensor feeding our software is obstructed by a
         | birthday balloon? Maybe we need an exponentially backoff
         | instead of every 30 seconds. Maybe nose down actions shouldn't
         | be automatically executed at low altitude.
         | 
         | What we see playing out is the result of delegation and "not my
         | problem", outsourcing safety critical systems to the lowest
         | bidder...
        
           | NullPrefix wrote:
           | birthday balloon? In front of a landing plane at 170mph?
        
             | moosedev wrote:
             | GP is (quite reasonably) using a deliberately slightly
             | silly example as a rhetorical flourish. I would do the
             | same. Think of it of a stand-in or totem for all of the
             | possibilities (from silly to very real) that leap into
             | horrifying life in an engineer's brain when they learn that
             | a critical system has a single point of failure.
        
             | neuralRiot wrote:
             | In a safety-critical design you have to take in account
             | what will happen if what cannot happen happens.
        
           | ElevenLathe wrote:
           | I understand that it may be more likely for this to happen
           | with an in-house team, but my experience working in large
           | companies makes me think it would still be unlikely. "Not my
           | problem" is necessary armor at a company with 15 levels of
           | management between ICs and the C-suite and a rich weft of
           | (official and unofficial) "dotted lines", where every
           | interaction outside your immediate team is fraught with
           | political implications. Code monkeys, in-house or not, might
           | not even know that they are working on software for an
           | airplane, let alone a Boeing airplane, let alone in a safety-
           | sensitive system. Even if they do, and understand that the
           | overall plan they are contributing to is folly, there is
           | often no linkage by which they can make that insight known to
           | someone who can change things (often there is literally no
           | one, including the CEO, who could change course even if they
           | want to). Even trying to do so is often a career risk.
           | 
           | Large companies are mechanisms that run on their own. People
           | have limited agency in a lot of situations but for big
           | decisions ("our company's only real product is fundamentally
           | dogshit, lets start over") there literally are no people on
           | earth who can actually make them. They are pre-made by the
           | structure of the company, capital markets, and historical
           | accident.
        
         | hgfghj wrote:
         | My experience is that contract work like this ends up being
         | done by ordertakers; the contractors execute the design, no
         | matter how stupid.
         | 
         | Whereas, the best performing companies hire engineers who are
         | empowered to understand the goals, understand the problem, and
         | push back when appropriate.
         | 
         | The results are much better, because the people working on each
         | system, understand it deeply and care.
         | 
         | A low-cost contractor isn't allowed to care. They aren't even
         | allowed to talk to somebody who matters.
         | 
         | This is a management disgrace.
        
           | genman wrote:
           | I think that this a fair take, especially about the possible
           | power structure.
        
         | gregors wrote:
         | And yet we seem to conflate salaries with competent leadership
         | positions.
        
         | renewiltord wrote:
         | MCAS wasn't outsourced to India LOL. People here are gullible
         | idiots hahaha.
        
           | seatac76 wrote:
           | Yeah would almost certainly be ITAR controlled no way core
           | tech like this gets outsourced.
        
         | rednerrus wrote:
         | The biggest problem with offshore engineering teams is their
         | dedication to delivering exactly what you ask for. One of the
         | qualities of a good software developer is to take the
         | requirements and interpret what needs to happen then deliver
         | appropriately. Delivering exactly what's written without
         | thinking about the implications is a huge problem and one of
         | the biggest issues I've run into working with offshore teams.
        
           | struant wrote:
           | If just deliver exactly what you are told to, you aren't
           | doing any "engineering" at all.
        
             | datavirtue wrote:
             | Right,I just spend a little extra time on prompts and get
             | much better, faster, work done completely stress free.
        
           | jkic47 wrote:
           | I agree with you on the problem with offshoring, having done
           | this myself in a previous role in a regulated industry.
           | 
           | However, the offshore team are usually not intended to act as
           | domain experts. In fact, they were very likely explicitly
           | proscribed from interpreting the specifications handed to
           | them to guard against them trying to act as domain experts
           | and delivering something different from expectations.
           | 
           | As such, they were (likely) not the ones who specified that
           | MCAS should silently turn itself on after a pilot turned it
           | off. That misjudgment probably lies with the engineering team
           | who made that design decision, and it had tragic results.
        
         | wannacboatmovie wrote:
         | > As I understand it, the software performed exactly as
         | designed
         | 
         | This is very likely correct.
         | 
         | People on HN don't seem to understand how software is created
         | in regulated industries outside the tech bubble.
         | 
         | In a complex system such an aircraft, the behavior of the
         | system is modeled and detailed requirements are generated.
         | 
         | These models are created by the system engineers.
         | 
         | The models and requirements are then handed off to the software
         | engineers to implement the modeled behaviour in code.
         | 
         | The software is then tested to see if the behaviour matches the
         | models.
         | 
         | So it doesn't matter how much the SWEs were paid, if the
         | software met the requirements, and implemented the models as
         | designed, then the software engineers did their jobs.
        
           | adriancr wrote:
           | The software engineers job is also to think about what
           | happens in corner cases.
           | 
           | What if sensor malfunctions?, how should software act?, will
           | it crash the plane?
           | 
           | If yes, then raise problem and refuse to implement / avoid
           | killing people.
           | 
           | Then you have QA which should have the same questions and
           | test plan to make sure corner cases are covered. QA is also
           | responsible.
           | 
           | Then you have management which is supposed to make sure there
           | are people skilled enough doing the above and the initial
           | systems parts and encourage this environment.
           | 
           | Then you have business people to ensure sufficient resources
           | to hire competent people above.
           | 
           | So what is happening is a massive problem everywhere...
        
         | karmakaze wrote:
         | Yep, the problem with the software wasn't the implementation,
         | it was the spec: to operate contrary to the expectations and
         | experience of pilots.
         | 
         | The problem was that they didn't outsource the design spec. I
         | doubt an externally developed design would be so contrary, with
         | a flippant we'll document it and include it in the short brush
         | up training.
        
           | datavirtue wrote:
           | The umpteenth comment trilling on as though MCAS was built by
           | contractors when it was explicitly stated in the article that
           | it was developed in-house by Boeing employees.
        
         | acchow wrote:
         | Experienced engineers don't just build things to spec. They
         | question the spec and the human experience of using the
         | technology.
        
       | zamfi wrote:
       | Is this more, or less, concerning than the growing trend to
       | outsource software to $0.03 / 1000 token AIs?
        
         | tledakis wrote:
         | Don't worry, with chatgpt the software is going to be safer.
         | The plane won't even take off :)
        
           | FirmwareBurner wrote:
           | _" To save us time I tasked my AI, Anton, to debug the code,
           | and Anton decided that the best way to get rid of all SW bugs
           | was to delete the entire codebase, which is technically and
           | statistically the correct solution to what I tasked it to
           | do."_
           | 
           | -Gilfoyle
        
       | darkhorn wrote:
       | Outsourcing is a very bad practice. Those softwares tend to be
       | very low in quality.
        
       | Madmallard wrote:
       | Wait til Devin makes your next safety critical system. :)
        
       | aslihana wrote:
       | > recalled one manager saying at an all-hands meeting that Boeing
       | didn't need senior engineers because its products were mature.
       | 
       | Shame. Industrial companies, if you decide as pincher, you will
       | be doomed in your little world... as it always has been :)
        
         | FirmwareBurner wrote:
         | Most big "industrial-like" product companies are pinchers when
         | it comes to SW. They offshore a lot hence why they pay SW devs
         | so little. And it mostly works for them.
         | 
         | It works for them, because like Boeing said, they have old
         | battles tested processes which usually means big mistakes can
         | easily get caught ahead of time. And if big mistakes don't get
         | caught they usually can't kill anyone and generate a huge
         | public scandal.
        
       | lencastre wrote:
       | Fivrrr for airplane safety,... it's like that BM episode,
       | flywheel of death...
        
         | fargle wrote:
         | > BM episode, flywheel of death
         | 
         | what is this? do you have a link?
        
           | yurishimo wrote:
           | They are referencing Black Mirror but a cursory search with
           | those keywords does not return an episode. I'm sure with a
           | bit more searching that you can find it!
        
             | ulucs wrote:
             | AI generated black mirror titles? Seems fitting
        
       | fwungy wrote:
       | There's no proof that $9/hr software engineers are not as good as
       | $500/hr software engineers. People have different preferences for
       | time and money. One of the best software engineers I know hires
       | out for $15/hr, and any project would be lucky to get xir.
        
         | methodical wrote:
         | Not that you're incorrect in all cases, but generally speaking,
         | you do get what you pay for. SWEs who are charging $500/hr can
         | charge $500/hr due to significant domain knowledge or overall
         | experience, and as such their opinions and work are _worth_
         | that amount per hour to the market. SWEs who are charging $9/hr
         | are either selling themselves extremely short, lack experience,
         | or operate in an organization that doesn't allow them to
         | negotiate their rate (in which case they should move to a new
         | organization) and thus most likely generate lower quality
         | results. To imply there's no relationship between the hourly
         | rate and the quality of work is to pretend that there's no
         | underlying reason why certain SWEs can charge premium hourly
         | rates.
        
         | jbreckmckye wrote:
         | If xhe is that good and contracting for $15/hr, then xhe is
         | extremely foolish.
         | 
         | There are great engineers in non-Western countries. It's just
         | that they realise talent is so rare, they can charge more than
         | local rates.
        
       | nottorp wrote:
       | > The Max became Boeing's top seller soon after it was offered in
       | 2011.
       | 
       | Seriously? I mean, could you still order anything but a Max from
       | Boeing in that size? And that being the most useful size, of
       | course it became the top seller. Because it was the only
       | offering.
        
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