[HN Gopher] The later we meet someone in a sequence, the more ne...
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       The later we meet someone in a sequence, the more negatively we
       describe them
        
       Author : amichail
       Score  : 89 points
       Date   : 2024-03-11 19:05 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (suchscience.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (suchscience.org)
        
       | barbatoast wrote:
       | This is why I prefer to do class presentations first
        
         | hawski wrote:
         | In my experience it is fatigue first and failure of the teacher
         | to keep the time limit second.
        
         | catlikesshrimp wrote:
         | hmmm, I used to like to go 2nd back then. The first one might
         | have (mostly) "technical difficulties" that get solved
         | afterwards.
         | 
         | The latter you go, the more desperate the group will become.
         | Fatigue and whatnot.
        
           | dividefuel wrote:
           | Agreed, I like to go in the first ~20% but not actually
           | first. That gives you a chance to quickly make any changes
           | from good qualities you noticed in the first ones, but get it
           | done before fatigue sets in. And it's just nice to have it
           | out of the way so you don't have to stress!
        
       | jollyllama wrote:
       | Strange, because I have met people who always like the last
       | person they spoke to best.
        
         | unsupp0rted wrote:
         | I think it depends a lot on priming, IQ, memory capacity,
         | ability to notice details, etc.
         | 
         | Donald Trump tends to like the last person he spoke to best,
         | but probably because that's the person who comes to mind when
         | asked, and anyway he doesn't really care one way or the other.
         | 
         | Unless the topic of conversation was himself: Donald Trump, in
         | which case he cares a lot, will remember details, and will like
         | whichever person said the nicest things about him, regardless
         | of sequencing.
        
         | mathgradthrow wrote:
         | Maybe they weren't speaking to bachelor contestants.
        
       | thinkingemote wrote:
       | Could be worth mixing this with memory. This study had people
       | rating as they went. If they rated after seeing everyone perhaps
       | the ones later would be less negative?
        
       | tiffanyh wrote:
       | Recency Bias
       | 
       | This seems to be the opposite of "recency bias", which is
       | interesting - if true.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recency_bias
        
         | arduanika wrote:
         | Sure, but I learned about this after primacy bias, and now both
         | effects seem very salient to me. I forget if there were others
         | in between.
        
       | datavirtue wrote:
       | My guess is: familiarity. The first person is part of the
       | algorithm that is applied to all the others, making them more
       | familiar. Familiarity trumps.
        
       | patcon wrote:
       | Put another way, we have a tendency to like ppl, but once we
       | calibrate, we start penalizing ppl. But without context, we round
       | up. We seek positive attributes first before resorting to
       | negative, and only in aggregate. It's a local-first favouring
       | tactic. local networks (maybe small-world) are maybe more
       | stabilized by the up-rounding.
       | 
       | Or maybe it's also more about calibration over time.
       | 
       | Most of our social technology is about not being shitty to one
       | another at scale (or maybe "in massive sequence"), so this seems
       | aligned with my understanding of the world. The work of progress
       | is to "not be shitty" at increasing scale (of population, idea
       | complexity, levels of abstraction), and we build institutions
       | that mostly try to do that. Though I think digital has kinda
       | failed on that mission lately, which is another conversation
       | 
       | Seems kinda nice and adaptive and optimistic even. Though yes,
       | downsides in a society that lives at scale, if not mitigated by
       | process or social/digital tech.
        
         | coldtea wrote:
         | > _Put another way, we have a tendency to like ppl, but once we
         | calibrate, we start penalizing ppl. But without context, we
         | round up._
         | 
         | Put it another way: we're shallow, primitive, creatures.
        
           | sctb wrote:
           | If that's true then I would put even less stock into these
           | just-so stories.
        
         | petsfed wrote:
         | It seems like maybe abstraction runs contrary to the concept of
         | not being shitty, because while abstraction is meant to
         | neutrally essentialize people, as often as not, the abstraction
         | process is used to identify aberrations for individual
         | treatment, rather than to streamline creating individual
         | treatments for all.
         | 
         | Put another way, we typically tend to sort first for assholes,
         | then maybe sort for other things later.
        
       | freitzkriesler2 wrote:
       | Unrelated but sort of not. If you can don't ever do a job
       | interview after lunch on a Friday. It will never go well. No one
       | wants to be there and is thinking about the weekend.
        
       | yumraj wrote:
       | Hmm...
       | 
       | I would think that there are two forces at play here:
       | 
       | 1) the ones who come first are not compared against any of the
       | latter ones, so make a better impression
       | 
       | 2) the ones who come last are still in memory, especially if
       | results are all tabulated in the end.
       | 
       | So, if the above is true, and there is no guarantee that it is, I
       | would have expected an inverted bell curve.
        
       | abeppu wrote:
       | I think a flip side I've seen is when the first applicant through
       | an interview loop has basically no chance of getting an offer
       | because (a) people know they're not calibrated and (b) "surely
       | the odds are low that the very first person would be the right
       | person"
       | 
       | This kinda means it's a waste of the candidate's time unless
       | they're _also_ just interviewing for practice.
        
         | unsupp0rted wrote:
         | Multiple times I've been the first candidate in an interview
         | loop (out of say 3 or 4 candidates) and gotten picked.
        
           | eastbound wrote:
           | Yes, it works as long as it's a batch. Won't work if the next
           | candidate they see is 15 days later.
        
         | pcthrowaway wrote:
         | It really depends. A lot of teams don't want to waste their
         | time reviewing a bunch of candidates and will pick the first
         | person who impresses them. Not saying they won't go through
         | with whatever other interviews they had scheduled, but if the
         | first person knocks it out of the park and the remaining 3
         | candidates who make it through the interview cycle that week
         | are less impressive, they'll just make an offer to the first
         | person rather than continue interviewing
        
         | axus wrote:
         | Reminds me of the old trope, "We wouldn't want to hire someone
         | with bad luck."
        
         | bongodongobob wrote:
         | I just accepted an offer last week. I was told I was the first
         | to interview and they cancelled the others because I was a
         | perfect fit. Interviewed Friday morning, offer came Friday
         | afternoon, I accepted that evening. /anecdata
        
       | mxkopy wrote:
       | I wonder if this is more due to the pressure to be descriptive
       | than because of any sort of internal dialogue. If I'm being asked
       | to do a study I feel that I need to contribute by adding
       | something 'new' and 'substantive' for each question (which
       | ultimately leads to choosing negative qualities to describe a
       | person), but if I weren't expected to have an answer I would've
       | had more boring thoughts about the questions.
        
       | airstrike wrote:
       | At Kellogg they used to say it's best to either be the first to
       | be interviewed or the last--assuming you're a decent candidate
       | and well prepared to begin with.
       | 
       | First because you set the benchmark, and your outstanding
       | qualities become "requirements" for the candidates that follow to
       | meet that benchmark.
       | 
       | Last because of recency bias, so whatever qualities you have are
       | better recalled by interviewers.
       | 
       | Everyone else becomes somewhat forgettable.
       | 
       | (I would guess they mentioned a study about it, but it's been 10
       | years and I don't have the reference handy.)
       | 
       | In my experience as an interviewer, everyone in the middle does
       | get somewhat mixed up together, especially when I had less than 5
       | minutes to scribble notes and reset between candidates.
       | 
       | But I would modify "first" and "last" to "towards the start" and
       | "towards the end" e.g., I will (subconsciously) more easily
       | benchmark candidates against a very strong "second interview of
       | the day" than against a lackluster "very first candidate", if
       | that makes sense.
       | 
       | Said differently, whoever is the first candidate that hits it out
       | of the park becomes the benchmark. And whoever happens to be the
       | best relatively strong candidate is more easily recalled than
       | other relatively strong candidates.
       | 
       | Thank you for coming to my TED talk
        
         | cyanydeez wrote:
         | now to make it interesting, place the middle candidates right
         | after lunch to see if having lunch improves the middle stretch
        
         | bschne wrote:
         | (how) do you (try to) correct for this with interviews?
        
         | babyshake wrote:
         | [delayed]
        
       | samatman wrote:
       | I question describing this as a cognitive bias, let alone an
       | unconscious one, and the experimental protocol used here is awful
       | for attempting to show that it is.
       | 
       | The examples they give: Job interviews, dating, auditions, are
       | all cases of search for the best out of a set of possibilities.
       | The earliest candidates have the _initial_ advantage of there
       | being few in the set, or none, for the first candidate. Since the
       | purpose is to compare the entire set, by definition, the first
       | one is the best you 've seen. Even if they objectively aren't
       | great, the rating _at that time_ will tend to be more positive.
       | That isn 't a bias, it's a best-effort judgement in the face of
       | incomplete information. You'd need a crystal ball not to do this.
       | 
       | What they're measuring is immediate impressions, while what they
       | should be measuring is _decisions_ made after the search
       | concludes. I 've certainly had the experience of interviewing a
       | candidate for a job and telling myself "yeah, might be ok", then
       | a later candidate comes by and I adjust that to "no, this one is
       | much better". If they want to show that being first or early in
       | such a sequence makes it more likely someone will get picked,
       | they've failed to do so with this protocol.
        
         | thereticent wrote:
         | I can't tell from the linked article whether the
         | ratings/descriptions were made immediately, but if so you are
         | correct. It's just not applicable to those examples. This only
         | applies in a "hired on the spot" type of evaluation.
         | 
         | I'm a psychologist, and though HN usually tends to be tough on
         | psychology as a science, I'm amazed that this paper is being
         | discussed so earnestly. Social science in particular should
         | require a bit more skepticism.
        
       | mathgradthrow wrote:
       | Alternate explanation. The more bachelor contestants you watch,
       | the more patterns of shitty behavior you identify. One could
       | conceive of a more representative population than influencers
       | trying to make money on the bachelor.
        
       | tqi wrote:
       | > The participants described the first few individuals quite
       | positively, using an average of 6.2 positive words each. But as
       | they progressed through the sequence, their descriptions became
       | significantly more negative, dipping to an average of just 4.7
       | positive words by the 20th person.
       | 
       | I don't have access to the study, but I'd be curious why they
       | chose to count positive words as opposed to just asking people to
       | rate on a numerical scale? My impression is that sentiment
       | scoring via bag-of-words is not a particularly robust method,
       | especially in 2024. It also sounds like they didn't normalize by
       | description length, so outcome could just as easily be because
       | people's responses got shorter as time went on due to fatigue?
       | 
       | (also, this is a nit with the article rather than the study, but
       | given the methodology I think it is important to distinguish
       | between becoming less positive and becoming more negative, and in
       | this case I would not describe using fewer positive words as
       | "became significantly more negative")
        
         | balderdash wrote:
         | Yeah - antidotally I feel like earlier in a hiring process
         | people are apt to expound on candidates fit for portions of the
         | role and in later stages it basically just thumbs up or down
         | and only more exposition in the case of disagreement
        
           | CRConrad wrote:
           | What do you need an antidote against? ("Anecdotally", I
           | think.)
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | Maybe this is why some companies have hierarchical hiring
             | processes.
             | 
             | The first round is a basic filter. By the time you get to
             | the final round you're only thinking about a dozen people.
        
           | p1necone wrote:
           | Yeah, when you don't have anything to compare them with you
           | need to describe them. But once you have some strong
           | candidates to compare them with everyone just becomes "are
           | they better or worse than X".
        
         | ethanwillis wrote:
         | Likert scales have their own problems.
        
       | xyzelement wrote:
       | A related concept I noticed is that we are "wired" to identify
       | with whoever is presented as the protagonist, even when the
       | information is readily available to recognize them as the
       | antagonist.
       | 
       | EG - I recently watched Peter Pan for the first time, as an
       | adult. Peter is basically a horrible person who deludes and
       | kidnaps children, puts them in incredibly dangerous situations,
       | doesn't care about people other than to make himself look good
       | (eg, he fought the pirates who had kidnapped the Indian princess,
       | then he got so distracted w himself she nearly drowned in the
       | tide). On the other hand, we're told that Hook and the pirates
       | are the bad guys but really Hook is just responding to the fact
       | that Peter had maimed him and fed his hand to a crocodile.
       | There's no indication of anything bad Hook has done prior or
       | since, other than trying to "get" Peter for having done that.
       | 
       | The protagonist of Peter Pan is actually the dad who was trying
       | to protect the kids from nonsense but even he got derailed by the
       | wife, therefore leaving the kids vulnerable to all that has
       | happened to them.
       | 
       | But if you ask most people who are familiar with the story,
       | they'll react to the superficial presentation that Pan is
       | whimsical and aspirational for children while the Dad represents
       | the dull adult world to be escaped from, or something like that.
       | 
       | The crux is that the narrative form suggests how we should feel
       | about whom even if that makes no sense. I think this is what the
       | article here is talking about as well in a different
       | manifestation.
        
         | bbarnett wrote:
         | While I get what you're saying, context counts.
         | 
         | Hook is a pirate.
         | 
         | By definition, that's a murdering, raping thief, whos main
         | income is boarding honest ships, slaughtering their crew, etc.
         | 
         | Piracy is/was punishable by death.
         | 
         | The story is old, but at the time written, anyone would be a
         | hero for maiming, or killing a pirate.
        
         | bazoom42 wrote:
         | Pedantic comment perhaps, but "protagonist" does not mean "good
         | guy" or "admirable". It just means main character in a story.
        
         | bongodongobob wrote:
         | Cmon. Hook is a pirate trying to kill a child.
        
       | greatgib wrote:
       | Imagine the huge impact this has on the fairness of jugement in
       | trials?
       | 
       | Especially in current time where justice is understaffed and
       | judges have to work long hours...
       | 
       | This is quite scary in my opinion.
        
       | faeriechangling wrote:
       | I'll hold my breath until I see this result replicated a few
       | times using different methods.
       | 
       | This reminds me a lot of https://datacolada.org/98 and if I think
       | about it, the data would be trivial to fake.
        
       | cushpush wrote:
       | First Come First Served?
        
       | sciencesama wrote:
       | Familiarity brings fondness !!
        
       | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
       | > To test this, the researchers conducted a number of studies. In
       | one, they had 992 participants (recruited from Prolific Academic)
       | describe 20 people based on their Facebook profile pictures.
       | 
       | Alternative interpretation:
       | 
       | Paid participants who most likely just want to do the study and
       | get paid get more and more cranky the more pointless words they
       | have to write about unknown people's Facebook profiles.
       | 
       | How well this actually reflects phenomenon in the real world is
       | actually unknown.
        
       | ekianjo wrote:
       | > You're just as qualified and just as talented as those who went
       | before you.
       | 
       | there is no such thing as people with identical profiles
        
       | quotemstr wrote:
       | This is exactly the sort of popular-psychology thing that fails
       | to replicate, isn't it? I'm pattern-matching it against "ego
       | depletion" and the hungry-judge theory, both of which failed to
       | replicate.
        
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