[HN Gopher] Two scammers, a web of betrayal, and Europe's fraud ...
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       Two scammers, a web of betrayal, and Europe's fraud of the century
        
       Author : samclemens
       Score  : 141 points
       Date   : 2024-03-10 06:06 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (magazine.atavist.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (magazine.atavist.com)
        
       | throwup238 wrote:
       | _> I should say here that Gustav Daphne is a pseudonym. He
       | remains a wanted man in France, so when I traveled to meet with
       | him at his gated villa in Tel Aviv, he agreed to speak on the
       | condition that I not use his name--any of his names._
       | 
       | This caught my attention and I decided to do some sleuthing to
       | see how hard it would be to figure out the real name and...
       | there's dozens of people that might fit the description [1]. The
       | cynic in me notes that they all seem to have dogs that the
       | journalist just has to write, I guess as some sort of PR
       | technique via emotional hook.
       | 
       |  _> He made contacts and built extensive networks of people
       | willing to help him import and export fake goods, and he traveled
       | around the world despite the risk it carried._
       | 
       | Took quite a turn towards the end. He didn't turn over a new
       | leaf, at all.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/06/03/t...
       | (https://archive.ph/yG1dN)
        
       | tromp wrote:
       | According to [1],
       | 
       | > In 2008 and 2009, multiple groups of fraudsters took advantage
       | of differing tax rules in different EU countries to buy and sell
       | carbon credits, or permission to emit carbon dioxide, on
       | exchanges in Europe. The scammers would buy the credits in a
       | country with no value-added tax, and quickly sell them in France
       | or other countries that did charge VAT.
       | 
       | > Stephane Alzraa, 38, was extradited from Israel following a
       | request by French authorities.
       | 
       | > Aknin remains in Israel, where he is fighting extradition
       | 
       | This 39 year old Michael Aknin seems to fit the story...
       | 
       | [1] https://www.timesofisrael.com/trial-starts-for-franco-
       | israel...
        
         | canadiantim wrote:
         | Is that fraud or just arbitrage?
        
           | throw_m239339 wrote:
           | > Is that fraud or just arbitrage?
           | 
           | It's VAT fraud, so literally tax fraud.
        
           | bsder wrote:
           | If you read the article, it's fraud.
           | 
           | They ran the exact same fraud as had been run on cell phones.
           | 
           | > Criminals imported phones from other EU countries, sold
           | them to consumers with VAT tacked on, pocketed the tax, and
           | disappeared before anyone was the wiser. Or they used
           | carousel schemes, pretending to sell phones through a chain
           | of businesses created for the express purpose of fraud and
           | requesting VAT reimbursements from governments at each point
           | of sale.
        
             | hef19898 wrote:
             | This way of cheating with VAT is as old as there is a pan-
             | European VAT agreement (the way to declare and manage it,
             | not the amount). And sure as hell, there is always someone
             | to try it. And sure as hell, someone is surprised they
             | ultimately get cought...
        
           | az226 wrote:
           | They pocketed the sales tax and then never sent it to the
           | government.
        
         | nhggfu wrote:
         | Where / what are these "exchanges" in Europe? examples ?
        
           | code_duck wrote:
           | They are mentioned many times in the article. Powernext and
           | Bluenext.
        
         | shrubble wrote:
         | Israel does not necessarily extradite for financial fraud, that
         | is why Aknin is fighting it in court. There are many legal
         | maneuvers available in the Israeli court system.
        
           | rodgerd wrote:
           | Israel refuses to extradite child rapists; hardly surprising
           | that they'd refuse to give up mere fraudsters.
        
             | coryrc wrote:
             | Neither does France
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | Only if you're a French citizen do they not extradite.
               | Might try you locally for your crimes abroad though.
        
               | littlestymaar wrote:
               | > Might try you locally for your crimes abroad though.
               | 
               | Not for child rapists though[1]...
               | 
               | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Polanski_sexual
               | _abuse_...
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | _famous_ child rapists. Non-famous child rapists need not
               | apply for special treatment.
        
               | Beretta_Vexee wrote:
               | As far as extradition is concerned, in France, people
               | with dual nationality (or several nationalities) are
               | considered to be French and benefit from the rules
               | applicable to French nationals (refusal of extradition).
               | However, the date on which the offence was committed
               | determines whether the perpetrator was French at the time
               | of the offence. This is the point that poses a problem,
               | as most of the perpetrators applied for Israeli
               | nationality after the fact.
               | 
               | Very few countries extradite their nationals. The
               | question is whether they are prosecuted in their country.
               | Judicial cooperation between France and Israel is very
               | poor. The problem with Israel is that it lets murderers
               | go free. There are several scandalous cases of refusal to
               | extradite and prosecute (an ex-policeman swatted the
               | father of a rival in a scam buisness, the elderly father
               | died of a heart attack). This has prompted the French
               | state to mount operations with the Italian and Cypriot
               | police to arrest French-Israelis outside of France.
        
         | kostas4949 wrote:
         | I think it's Cyril Astruc. His parents fit the job descriptions
         | in the article: tailor and teacher.
        
           | AceJohnny2 wrote:
           | Absolutely. Also searching for his name shows pictures that
           | perfectly fit the physical description and Vanity Fair link
           | in the article.
           | 
           | Of course, it could just be one of his many pseudonyms ;)
        
           | resolutebat wrote:
           | Bingo. "He dressed in blazers cut from blue velvet or
           | embroidered with shimmering brocade flowers. He liked to wear
           | a diamond-encrusted Chopard sun pendant on his partially
           | bared chest."
           | 
           | https://image-
           | uniservice.linternaute.com/image/450/105809602...
        
       | dantondwa wrote:
       | Funny that he is now into... cryptocurrencies. The man has
       | experience with bogus markets.
        
       | octopusRex wrote:
       | So when does Netflix make a limited series based on this.
        
         | burningChrome wrote:
         | I think they already did in 2021 called "Lords of Scam".
        
       | Atxgirl1415 wrote:
       | Wow.. that is so crazy. Thank you for the good read
        
       | Scoundreller wrote:
       | > The way the system was supposed to work was simple enough: The
       | EU would set an annual cap on its overall emissions, then issue
       | various emitters a certain number of EU allowances. Each EUA
       | would entitle its holder to emit one ton of carbon.
       | 
       | I'm a serial pirate and I'll only do worse next year. Can you pay
       | me to pirate a bit less next year, while giving nothing to those
       | that never pirated at all?
        
         | Swenrekcah wrote:
         | It's not really comparable because the pollution was being
         | generated as a byproduct of a presumably useful service or
         | industry. This puts polluters under a regulatory limit that
         | didn't exist before, gives the time to adjust while also
         | providing an early incentive to decarbonise sooner rather than
         | later (they can sell the credits they didn't need to use).
        
         | thworp wrote:
         | Yes that is totally comparable. After all, those emitters
         | didn't do anything of use to anyone. It's especially bad when
         | you consider that there countries that have successfully
         | prevented this industrial crime: Afghanistan, Chad, Ethiopia,
         | Madagascar, Laos...
        
           | pi-e-sigma wrote:
           | You forgot China and the US. Now your list is not that
           | impressive, is it?
        
       | mellutussa wrote:
       | I'd love to listen to a podcast about this.
       | 
       | When I saw "fraud of the century" I thought it was the OneCoin
       | scam (Ruja Ignatova, "The Crypto Queen"). BBC did a very detailed
       | investigative podcast about that one:
       | https://www.podbean.com/podcast-detail/uj5nz-a0b8a/The-Missi...
        
         | GauntletWizard wrote:
         | I was thinking of Wirecard. There's an awful lot of centry-
         | level financial fraud going around right now.
         | 
         | https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/03/06/how-the-bigges...
        
           | robocat wrote:
           | Wirecard was EUR1.9 billion. The cum-ex trading scandal
           | siphoned up to EUR55 billion. My lawyer went to school with
           | one of the major guys involved.
           | 
           | https://theconversation.com/the-robbery-of-the-century-
           | the-c...
        
             | GauntletWizard wrote:
             | Wirecard's max market cap was $27 billion, which puts it in
             | the ballpark of Enron, which was itself a scale of the
             | century. That is of course an inflated value, both by
             | market cap being inflated, and inflation having occurred
             | between the two events, but wirecard card is worth
             | mentioning - when it broke, who could have imagined that we
             | would have three or four more of these?
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | Comparing Market cap to fraud amounts isn't really
               | sensible.
               | 
               | The EUR55 billion was income and you shouldn't usually
               | compare income to market capitalisation. Unless you are
               | comparing against NAV fraud (which is made up numbers so
               | NAV fraud is _somewhat_ meaningless!)
        
             | hef19898 wrote:
             | CumEx was my first guess as well. Not some basic run the
             | mill VAT cheating.
        
       | newprint wrote:
       | Like FTX/SBF, this person would have probably become an
       | accomplished businessman, if his criminal mind wasn't in his way.
       | Fascinating to read how crafty those people in exploiting any
       | gaps where potential profits could be made. They are like is
       | financial "hackers" that can segfault some .org.
        
         | mkoryak wrote:
         | Like SBF?
        
           | newprint wrote:
           | yes, you are right !
        
         | robocat wrote:
         | > criminal mind
         | 
         | Good white-hat hacking (tax|legal|financial|computer) also
         | requires a criminal mind I believe!!! Bending or twisting rules
         | and knowing which rules to break! Criminality is dependent on
         | your context. Risk/reward is a key feature of economics.
         | 
         | My personal word for a drug-dealer is entrepreneur.
        
         | jongjong wrote:
         | People who say this usually come from a place of privilege.
         | They profoundly misunderstand how the world works and the
         | significant role of luck. If these people hadn't cheated, they
         | would be broke and struggling to make ends meet. I never met
         | anyone in my life who made any serious money without some kind
         | of cheating or fraud or unethical conduct either by them or
         | their ancestors.
        
           | newprint wrote:
           | >I never met anyone in my life who made any serious money
           | without some kind of cheating or fraud or unethical conduct
           | either by them or their ancestors.
           | 
           | You have picked a wrong crowd. That is on you. Go talk to
           | surgeons, doctors, pharma researchers - very decent people,
           | who made/make serious money.
        
             | jongjong wrote:
             | >> surgeons, doctors, pharma researchers
             | 
             | Who paid their rent and university fees while they were
             | studying for 10 years to become a doctor?
        
               | xarope wrote:
               | Are you insinuating that surgeons, doctors, pharma
               | researchers cannot pay rent and university fees without
               | their parents resorting to illegal activity?
               | 
               | There are such well known things as student loans,
               | working whilst studying (some very successful doctors
               | have talked about having to bus tables whilst studying)
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | 10 years?
               | 
               | Where are you?
               | 
               | It can be 3 year Bachelors degree + 4 years M.D. (seven
               | years total) with the opportunity to earn money as a
               | resident or rural practitioner while completing the M.D.
               | 
               | https://study.unimelb.edu.au/find/pathways/doctor/
               | 
               | If your grades are good you can be accepted and either
               | pay back fees when earning or ride through on a
               | scholarship if good enough to qualify.
        
               | JohnMakin wrote:
               | You must spend a long time in residency with brutal
               | working hours and typically very little pay. It's been a
               | well known complaint for years that this system tends to
               | naturally exclude people who don't come from privilege.
        
               | popcalc wrote:
               | I assume when the parent says "serious money", he means 9
               | digits plus.
        
               | lupusreal wrote:
               | That is "the parent".
        
           | lupusreal wrote:
           | Criminals tend to think that everybody else is a criminal
           | too, and get offended when caught because they feel singled
           | out. But it's not true, it's just a coping mechanism they
           | adopt to excuse themselves.
           | 
           | It's amazing how pervasive this mentality is. The premise of
           | buying something for one amount of money, processing it and
           | then selling it for more is totally alien to people in this
           | mode of thinking. In their mind, a man could not possibly
           | make money by buying uncooked hotdogs, cooking them and
           | selling them for more. No, he must be stealing the hotdogs,
           | or using fake hotdogs, or stealing the wages of his
           | employees, or some other scheme. Anything other than simple
           | honest business, which they feel sure cannot exist.
           | 
           | Unfortunately you seem to be thinking in this mode, since
           | evidently you believe that criminal activity is the only way
           | somebody could get through medical school.
        
         | hef19898 wrote:
         | It seems to have been pretty basic VAT fraud. Nothing smart or
         | havky about that. Happens dozens of times every day at various
         | scales. And each and every time it is just plain old tax fraud.
        
           | newprint wrote:
           | it is very simple fraud, but someone still has to come-up
           | with how to make it work. carbon credits(figure out how to
           | buy them) -> VAT fraud(figure out how/where/to whom to sell
           | them) -> Profit(Hide profit/launder/invest). It is not much
           | different from the cigarette fraud in the US. Buy cheaper in
           | Maryland -> sell for more in New York,where taxes on
           | cigarette are higher. Distance between NYC & Maryland is
           | about 3-4h.
        
       | bsaul wrote:
       | Netflix has a great documentary about this story. The french name
       | is << les rois de l'arnaque >>.
        
         | me_bx wrote:
         | A mini-series was also recently released: Of Money and Blood.
         | 
         | Trailer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fLzlimhCdkA
        
           | sambf wrote:
           | Based on Fabrice Arfi's book of the same name. He works at
           | Mediapart, a french journal that outed many state scandals.
           | He's also one of the four french members of the International
           | Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ).
        
         | casefields wrote:
         | Lords of Scam is the English title.
        
       | personjerry wrote:
       | > He bought her a Bugatti in green, like her eyes.
       | 
       | > The problem was that he lacked capital. He needed more than the
       | 80,000 euros he'd received from El Ghazouani.
       | 
       | A Bugatti is like a few million dollars no? This discrepancy
       | doesn't make sense to me, if he already had the money on that
       | scale why did a few hundred thousand euros of investment matter
       | so desperately?
        
         | Foobar8568 wrote:
         | Lombard credit on fake accounting?
        
         | LeonM wrote:
         | > A Bugatti is like a few million dollars no?
         | 
         | Back then when they were new it was more like 800k.
         | 
         | But yeah, this part stood out for me as well. My guess is he
         | either financed the car, or didn't pay for it at all (just have
         | it repo'd, you'd still have impressed the girl). Or the whole
         | story is fake, you never know with these kind of serial
         | scammers, their whole life is a lie.
        
       | Beretta_Vexee wrote:
       | I don't know if it's available outside France. But Netflix has
       | made a documentary in french about Marco Mouly "Les Rois de
       | l'arnaque" / "Kings of the scam". The least we can say is that
       | he's a real piece of work. Most of the people involved are such
       | caricatures of sephard that you wouldn't put them in a work of
       | fiction. The man is a clown, boasts, lies, but at some point you
       | can also see the fear in his eyes when his daughter is 15 minutes
       | late because he fears for the lives of his loved ones. It's
       | really the story of a couple of small-time VAT fraudsters from a
       | poor Parisian suburb who stumbled onto something way too big for
       | them and got caught out by some real gangsters.
        
         | helsinkiandrew wrote:
         | https://www.netflix.com/title/81092697
         | 
         | Available in 33 countries:
         | https://unogs.com/movie/81092697/lords-of-scam
        
           | malshe wrote:
           | Thanks for the Netflix link. I tried to read the story in
           | earnest but couldn't understand the mechanics of the scam
           | well. Probably the documentary will explain it more.
        
         | rokkitmensch wrote:
         | What, praytell, is a caricature of a sephard?
        
           | the-chitmonger wrote:
           | Quick google search brings up a subset of Spanish Jewish
           | population. Not sure if this was a typo or if it's a very
           | specific regional slur?
        
             | rokkitmensch wrote:
             | I (a Jew) generally abhor the ADL and friends' behavior in
             | public, but in this case I hope strongly for a typo.
             | Figuring the best approach is to offer the poster the
             | chance to present something plausible.
        
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