[HN Gopher] FDA clears first over-the-counter continuous glucose...
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       FDA clears first over-the-counter continuous glucose monitor
        
       Author : bookofjoe
       Score  : 743 points
       Date   : 2024-03-06 18:03 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.fda.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.fda.gov)
        
       | RobotToaster wrote:
       | So the ones already all over amazon aren't supposed to be there?
        
         | barelyauser wrote:
         | Amazon as a gateway to illegal or fraudulent products? Please,
         | a trillion dollar corporation must surely have professionals
         | watching this over.
        
         | thfuran wrote:
         | I just searched for one and found
         | 
         | >Important information Legal Disclaimer : Statements regarding
         | dietary supplements have not been evaluated by the FDA and are
         | not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease
         | or health condition.
         | 
         | At the very bottom of the description. That seems like complete
         | BS that shouldn't hold up, but I don't know.
        
           | mattl wrote:
           | That's on virtually every supplement website it seems.
        
             | thfuran wrote:
             | Sure, but a blood glucose monitor isn't a dietary
             | supplement. I think it's a bit dodgy that that kind of
             | disclaimer means anything for a dietary supplement in the
             | first place, but it certainly shouldn't apply to a medical
             | device.
        
               | mattl wrote:
               | Probably just placeholder text I'm sure.
               | 
               | Look at all the legalese at the bottom of
               | https://www.freestyle.abbott/us-en/home.html
        
         | Johnny555 wrote:
         | I don't see any non-prescription CGM's on Amazon, are you using
         | Amazon USA? I searched for "CGM" and "Continuous Glucose
         | Monitor", and only found test-strip devices and CGM devices on
         | Amazon Pharmacy available with prescription.
         | 
         | What search string are you using? Can you post one?
        
           | RobotToaster wrote:
           | I was using the UK site, that probably explains it.
           | 
           | Usually we lag behind the USA on approvals so just assumed if
           | it wasn't OTC there it won't be OTC here.
        
         | baby_souffle wrote:
         | > So the ones already all over amazon aren't supposed to be
         | there?
         | 
         | In the US, I only see the finger prick type. I do see the
         | FreeStyle Libre3 but it requires a prescription
        
       | coldpie wrote:
       | I'm T1D (insulin-dependent). I used a Dexcom for a couple years a
       | while ago, back around the G3 through G5 era or so. I ended up
       | stopping using it because my diabetes is very well managed, and I
       | found it didn't make a huge difference to my management. With my
       | insurance, each new sensor every week cost about $50, and would
       | fail in various annoying ways: sometimes it would just stop
       | working in the middle of the week, or not work at all from the
       | start, or disconnect randomly for a few hours. Each sensor also
       | used a ludicrous amount of plastic for its applicator, like a
       | tennis-ball-sized hunk of hard plastic, that you just chucked in
       | the trash, every week. Maybe things have improved, but it was a
       | bad combo of unreliable and expensive so I just quit using it and
       | went back to finger pokes.
       | 
       | If it were like $5 per week, I might put up with it. Maybe this
       | over-the-counter model will be affordable. We'll see, I guess.
        
         | mlsu wrote:
         | Dexcom and Freestyle both have options (G7, FSL2) that have a
         | much narrower form factor than the old sensors. They end up
         | being far more reliable, because the sensor doesn't dislodge.
         | The new Dexcom sensors are more accurate. Less drift and no
         | calibration.
         | 
         | Out of pocket cost is obviously your own situation but I think
         | anyone with T1 should look at them. For me they are life
         | changing, even moreso if you have a pump that can deliver based
         | on CGM readings.
         | 
         | Plastic waste situation is still bad.
        
           | coldpie wrote:
           | Glad to hear they're improving, though the waste situation is
           | bizarre. I will probably go back on one at some point, I
           | didn't hate it, just didn't feel it was worth the
           | cost/benefit ratio. It didn't impact my A1c, I've always been
           | in the low 6s, and I've only had two lows that I would
           | consider significant in my 25 years with the disease. Benefit
           | just wasn't there for the hassle and price.
        
             | mlsu wrote:
             | That is impressive control, especially with no CGM!
        
           | user_7832 wrote:
           | > The new Dexcom sensors are more accurate. Less drift and no
           | calibration.
           | 
           | As someone using a freestyle libre who's never calibrated,
           | how often do you need to calibrate it? Reason for asking is
           | that I'm likely to switch to the g6 if I go with the TSlim X2
           | for looping. TIA!
        
             | mlsu wrote:
             | No calibration is required for Dex G6/G7. I think you can
             | optionally calibrate the G6 but I never have nor have I
             | ever had to.
             | 
             | I am going to be biased: I both work on and use the t:slim
             | X2. It is well worth it, especially if covered by your
             | insurance. CIQ took me from ~70 to 85%, sometimes 90% time
             | in range; my understanding is that it's the best closed
             | loop algorithm out there currently.
             | 
             | Regardless of which pump you end up on, having a closed
             | loop system will significantly improve your control and
             | helps you get that extra little push from the 7's into the
             | 6's a1c range, which I'm sure you know is tricky to do
             | manually without lows.
        
               | user_7832 wrote:
               | Thanks! Hearing (I'm assuming) a fellow T1 using and
               | working on a TSlim is quite a good recommendation haha.
               | 
               | It's good to hear that calibration isn't really required.
               | 
               | My "concern" (or rather, apprehension) with the TSlim/G6
               | setup (which fortunately should be fully covered by Dutch
               | insurance) is that I'm aware I can do a DIY loop using
               | the omnipod dash and with a libre/g6 (using a 3rd party
               | app like diabox & nightscout if necessary). From what
               | I've heard TSlim does seem to be the best "official"/FDA
               | approved loop; however AndroidAPS looks very powerful and
               | probably has much finer tunings possible.
               | 
               | However my diabetic nurse is strongly against the
               | Dash/DIY setup, which is understandable (she isn't
               | familiar with it and can't guide me, I'm also close to
               | the 150u/3day limit, and it's my first time with a pump.)
               | 
               | For what it's worth an A1C of even 8 would unfortunately
               | be an improvement where I am :') so I'd rather be sure of
               | reaching say 7 rather than try aggressively for something
               | like 6.3 (which I had achieved in a distant era...). I
               | think I'll try the 1 year trial option if I can, the
               | thought of locking in a 4 year period feels quite long.
               | 
               | If you're familiar with them, what are your opinions on
               | diy loop setups? Do you have any other suggestions for
               | someone in my situation? Thanks a lot!
        
               | mlsu wrote:
               | I actually have tried the DIY loop with the older
               | insecure Medtronic pumps that could be controlled over
               | radio. It was openAPS. I'm not sure if there are others
               | or how they work.
               | 
               | It ended up being fairly inconvenient. My setup was a pi
               | zero with a radio bonnet running on my desk; it would
               | connect to the internet to pull CGM data, and deliver
               | boluses accordingly.
               | 
               | I think the main issue was that I wasn't babysitting it
               | enough to know if it was working or not. It was hard to
               | see/understand bolus decisions it was making unless I
               | checked iob, and it absolutely destroyed the battery life
               | of my pump; I used a AAA once every couple days when I
               | was near my desk, nevermind the battery on the rig (I had
               | it plugged into the wall).
               | 
               | Overall, the system that you actually use the most, that
               | is the most reliable, is the most effective system, even
               | if it's a little bit suboptimal. In my case, CIQ is
               | probably a bit less aggressive than the openAPS system;
               | but importantly, it is truly "set and forget." I never
               | have to worry if it's enabled or when, or how, it's just
               | always working, 24/7. With a condition like ours,
               | consistency is the best predictor of performance. That
               | makes it the clear winner imho, unless you really like to
               | tinker with things and you want to be very active with
               | your loop.
               | 
               | The other thing is that the software (openAPS) was
               | Javascript and Bash on a Linux system. Those architecture
               | choices just make me nervous. Too many bad things that
               | could happen. I'm not saying it's impossible for open
               | source software to be reliable, certainly not, but the
               | complexity of their system was just too large of a
               | surface area to fully test. There are extremely
               | significant cybersecurity risks using those older pumps
               | also. It's basically root access to the bolus button.
        
           | umvi wrote:
           | > The new Dexcom sensors are more accurate. Less drift and no
           | calibration.
           | 
           | I found the Dexcom G7 to be inaccurate by 10-20 mg/dL out of
           | the box. I have LADA, and G7 initially was giving me a very
           | rosy view of my blood glucose levels, until I started
           | pessimistically calibrating it with a finger prick glucose
           | monitor.
        
           | mjaniczek wrote:
           | > life changing
           | 
           | Yeah, seeing ~300 datapoints a day instead of 4 while
           | pricking your fingers is amazing QoL improvement. Dead
           | serious.
        
         | 1123581321 wrote:
         | I think your experience was unusual in that you had so many
         | failures (hopefully you at least got your broken sensors
         | replaced for free; both Dexcom and Libre do this) and that you
         | are good at managing your diabetes without many measurements.
         | 
         | The out-of-pocket expense can certainly be rough; I use Libre
         | right now because my Dexcom out-of-pocket would be similar to
         | yours and Libre is a third.
         | 
         | I lend my CGM to people to who are possibly prediabetic. I'm
         | very glad I can point them to an OTC solution now.
        
         | Etheryte wrote:
         | The plastic waste issue is one of the first things that usually
         | comes up around this topic regardless of who you ask. It's such
         | a shame because it's not like you have many options unless
         | you're comfortable going without sensors.
        
           | berkes wrote:
           | All my diabetes stuff is free, in my country. But it must be
           | shipped to my house in Quarterly deliveries.
           | 
           | Shipped in several boxes, each filled and wrapped. then the
           | GCMs, strips, refills, pump connectors come in their own
           | boxes. Some per ten, some single. Each sub-box has several
           | booklets with instructions and safety guidelines. Each unit
           | is individually wrapped in plastic, paper. All of them are
           | single use. Even connectors and rods.
           | 
           | Our combined household has less waste than my insulin therapy
           | produces. One single insulin therapy produces more plastic,
           | paper and wrapping weight than what my wife and I produce
           | together on everything else.
           | 
           | It's utterly insane.
        
         | bsder wrote:
         | > Each sensor also used a ludicrous amount of plastic for its
         | applicator, like a tennis-ball-sized hunk of hard plastic, that
         | you just chucked in the trash, every week.
         | 
         | Erm, let's be a little defensible here.
         | 
         | These sensors have to be stored in sterile packaging--that
         | means thick enough to be a barrier. That means it also has to
         | hold the sensor in such a way that a palette can be gamma
         | irradiated. It also needs to be resistant to drops, crushes,
         | and other accidents.
         | 
         | The sensor has to not be harmful with organisms irrespective of
         | the understanding of the person using it. Any change to that
         | packaging has to be re-evaluated for effects on that
         | sterilization.
         | 
         | And while I understand people having concerns, if the only
         | reason we needed to use plastic was to treat folks with
         | diabetes--I think the world would somehow manage.
        
           | coldpie wrote:
           | Eh, maybe, but the bulk of the applicator is just empty
           | plastic molded to fit an adult's hand. I have to believe they
           | could figure something less wasteful out (reusable
           | applicator?) if they wanted or needed to. Regardless, it was
           | just another downside for me weighed against the relatively
           | few upsides that made me quit using it. It felt terrible to
           | chuck all that in the trash, especially when I'd have to do
           | it two days in a row because a sensor failed.
           | 
           | [1] https://fm.cnbc.com/applications/cnbc.com/resources/img/e
           | dit...
        
             | thecosas wrote:
             | T1D currently using G6 / Omnipod Dash / open source Loop
             | app.
             | 
             | The worst is every 90 days when I get a new G6 transmitter.
             | It comes in a box the size of Two video tapes stacked on
             | top of each other. I've tried reaching out to my mail-order
             | pharmacy about it since I know there are smaller versions
             | of it (or used to be), but nothing yet.
             | 
             | From what I've seen, the packaging for Dexcom G7 and it's
             | applicator seems much smaller than G6's.
             | 
             | Side note: That applicator for G4 instilled fear every time
             | I had to use it and I was already 20 years into T1D by
             | then. The spring loaded applicators in G6/G7 are a big
             | improvement as far as end user experience IMO :-)
        
               | coldpie wrote:
               | Hahaha, the huge syringe thing? That was pretty wild! The
               | spring ones felt like putting a needle to a balloon
               | though, always made me tense when I was putting one on.
               | 
               | Yeah the Dexcom stuff always felt like they were going
               | for super-premium Packaging Experience. But after the
               | first couple weeks that wears thin, and now you've got
               | all this crap to throw away. Like, guys, my pen needles
               | come in a dense little cardboard box and it's totally
               | fine. Chill out with the packaging.
        
               | thecosas wrote:
               | "Let me just hyperventilate really quick before I
               | literally plunger this thing into my body" was always how
               | it felt lol.
               | 
               | Agreed that it's gotten old, especially if I'm traveling
               | somewhere. Needing to cart what you needed (plus backups
               | of course) ends up taking up a surprising amount of
               | space.
               | 
               | I will say that making the switch from a tubed pump
               | (t:slim) to a tubeless (omnipod), it's _drastically_ cut
               | down on the waste for pump stuff at least.
        
           | innolitics wrote:
           | I work in the medical device space (mostly software as a
           | medical device). I attended the AAMI Nexus conference two
           | weeks ago and attended a talk about making devices more eco
           | friendly. The tension between safety and sterilization and
           | packaging was definitely brought up. It's a hard balance to
           | make. One example I thought was interesting was that the NIH
           | did a study to see if it was necessary to swab people's skin
           | and use gloves before a shot. It turned out it wasn't and it
           | didn't make a difference, so they stopped requiring the
           | providers to swab people's skin or wear gloves, thus saving
           | an immense amount of waste when taken over all vaccine shots.
        
         | eitally wrote:
         | fwiw, my wife uses Freestyle Libre 3 and the with-insurance
         | cost every two weeks is about $40. Whenever she's had one fail
         | (which seems to be about 1:10), Abbott has replaced it free of
         | charge and sent a pre-paid label so she can return the failed
         | device for QA review.
        
           | coldpie wrote:
           | Yeah, I feel like prices are on a downward trend the last
           | couple years, which is great. For me personally, I try to
           | spend absolutely as little time and effort as possible
           | thinking about my diabetes. So having to call the
           | manufacturer or fill out forms and receive a package (more
           | waste) and ship a thing back (even more waste) is just too
           | much time and effort for me to want to bother. I hope they
           | keep improving, it's cool tech and I'd like to like it. Just
           | not there yet.
        
         | cadr wrote:
         | I just started with the G6 (still using it), and when I started
         | I'd have that sometimes. Whatever they changed in the past year
         | or so, it has gotten _waaaaay_ better. (They would always
         | replace them if they failed early, but was still a huge pain.)
         | I 'm exited to move to the G7 (mainly because of the shorter
         | warmup time).
         | 
         | Also, pairing it with the Omnipod 5 is just next level. Closed
         | loop. Never having to inject in public. No tubes.
        
           | lewismenelaws wrote:
           | I have the G7 and it's incredible. On a medtronic pump...
           | wanting to switch asap
        
             | cadr wrote:
             | The omnipod isn't setup with the g6 yet. Can't wait.
        
               | T1DTech wrote:
               | I think you mean G7.
        
         | micro_cam wrote:
         | The g7 is definitely a bit better on all counts except maybe
         | bluetooth reliability. I use them with [open source closed
         | loop](https://loopkit.github.io/loopdocs/) insulin pump
         | software and it is pretty great.
         | 
         | Still a lot of plastic but the sensor comes in a smaller
         | jar/applicator in a cardboard box and it pretty reliably lasts
         | 10 days cutting down waste.
         | 
         | It sounds like this new sensor is just a g7 but with less
         | stringent accuracy standards for non insulin users allowing it
         | to last 15 days.
        
         | ng12 wrote:
         | You went back to finger sticks? I am floored. Do you follow a
         | strict low carb diet? How often are you exercising?
        
           | coldpie wrote:
           | Definitely not low carb, no. I have a bowl of oatmeal for
           | breakfast 4-6 times a week :) My diet is pretty consistent
           | though. I know how that oatmeal will respond to insulin 90%
           | of the time, and the remaining 10% random quirks I can just
           | deal with by feel & a finger prick to confirm. The thing I'm
           | most strict about is I only allow myself to have about one
           | "bad diabetes meal" per week. So that's like any restaurant
           | food, or doughnuts, or pizza, or whatever. I mostly only eat
           | home made meals, my wife & I both love to cook. But those
           | aren't low carb, just whatever we feel like cooking that
           | week.
           | 
           | I walk about a mile a day, to the bus & back for work and a
           | bit for leisure and to get up from my desk. Otherwise I don't
           | exercise.
        
         | agawish wrote:
         | I'm really intrigued by your statement that your diabetes is
         | well managed, if I wake up in the wrong side of the bed, my
         | insulin resistance change!
         | 
         | Wondering how you can maintain that, do you have a very rigid
         | routine and meal plan?
         | 
         | I'm using Libre2 as part of my prescription and it has been
         | working wonders by alerting early on before it is too low or
         | too high to have enough time for a correction dose, or a small
         | bite. The fact that you can see the trajectory of Glucose going
         | up or down is by itself a reason to get.
        
           | coldpie wrote:
           | Hm, I'm not sure. I don't talk with other diabetics much so I
           | guess I don't know what other's experiences are like. I go to
           | sleep and wake up on the same schedule every day including
           | weekends. My eating is not rigid, but does tend to be
           | consistent just because my daily routine is consistent. I'm
           | not "low carb" or anything, but I do follow a healthy-ish
           | diet and avoid hyper sugary foods (soda, coffee milkshakes,
           | sugary cereals) like the plague. Diabetes or not, no one
           | should be eating that stuff :)
           | 
           | I do miss having the moment-to-moment trajectory information.
           | Knowing whether I'm still going up 90 minutes after a meal
           | was valuable. But I find I'm able to feel when I'm above 200
           | mg/dL, so can just correct by feel most of the time.
        
       | post_break wrote:
       | Can we do CPAP machines next?
        
         | polishdude20 wrote:
         | Technically you can buy them on Facebook marketplace,
         | craigslist etc
        
           | asow92 wrote:
           | Something about a used CPAP machine raises my yuck alarm
        
           | akulbe wrote:
           | Not really. It's against ToS in both cases, to sell used
           | medical equipment.
        
             | bookofjoe wrote:
             | Yet renting medical equipment is a flourishing business, at
             | least in the U.S.
        
         | dumbfounder wrote:
         | I had to buy one for a friend. But then he ordered a new one
         | and all he had to do was send them a picture of his old one
         | (after some persistence). It's ridiculous.
        
         | electriclove wrote:
         | And contact lenses too!
        
       | bookofjoe wrote:
       | >Continuous Glucose Monitoring
       | 
       | https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overvi...
        
       | 005 wrote:
       | I don't think this is particularly special. In other countries
       | it's possible to obtain Dexcom's current line up by purchasing it
       | online (G6, ONE, G7) and other brands too like Abbott's Freestyle
       | Libre.
       | 
       | It seems like this is a stripped down version of the G7 (albeit
       | with a longer wear time) as the ONE is a stripped down version of
       | the G6.
        
         | ethanbond wrote:
         | "In other countries"... right... opening it up to a market of
         | 340 million people with rampant metabolic problems is what's
         | special about it.
        
           | m3kw9 wrote:
           | 80$ a pop for 2 weeks and most people cannot access it long
           | enough
        
       | gumby wrote:
       | Hopefully they are cheaper than the copay on the Libre 3 sensors.
        
       | rkagerer wrote:
       | When your smartphone becomes a critical health device to
       | support/treat a condition I wonder how that will impact case law
       | around things like police confiscation.
        
         | uxamanda wrote:
         | Interesting, never thought about that. Also wonder what happens
         | in Airplane mode / poor reception?
        
           | hammock wrote:
           | CGMs use bluetooth
        
             | justinclift wrote:
             | Bluetooth has a terrible reputation around reliability. :(
        
               | pastage wrote:
               | In the loop community (CGM+insuling pump) you usually
               | have a list of phones that work well with Bluetooth. Yes
               | that changes when the phones get new powersaving settings
               | and driver updates, usually it works well on good phones.
        
               | justinclift wrote:
               | Yeah, that sounds like a practical approach for dealing
               | with it. :)
        
           | shanselman wrote:
           | it's all BLE and works great on an airplane as long as BT is
           | on
        
         | saagarjha wrote:
         | What happens when an officer confiscates your glucose monitor
         | today? I assume you die and they claim they did it for some
         | valid reason or the other.
        
           | Terr_ wrote:
           | Or just withholding the insulin itself:
           | https://www.thenation.com/article/society/diabetes-police/
        
             | mlsu wrote:
             | Wow, that article is wild. For those who are not aware,
             | ketoacidosis is when your body metabolizes fat for energy
             | in the absence of insulin. This produces byproducts
             | (keytone bodies) that raise the pH of the blood.
             | 
             | So, having ketoacidosis feels like having your blood turn
             | to acid. Death from ketoacidosis is an excruciating death.
             | Fermenting from the inside out as your heart pumps your
             | increasingly acidic blood through your entire body. You're
             | technically starving, so you're hungry, but at the same
             | time your body is trying to expel glucose at all costs, so
             | everything you look at makes you sick.
             | 
             | Extended periods of high blood glucose and lack of insulin
             | especially is up there as one of the most uncomfortable
             | things I've ever experienced personally. Just unimaginable
             | cruelty.
        
               | thecosas wrote:
               | Can confirm, feels like crap.
        
           | bschne wrote:
           | Yes, but you can't easily use your non-smartphone glucose
           | monitor as a communications device to manage a bunch of drug
           | dealers which can't be confiscated because your life depends
           | on it. That changes once it's your smartphone.
        
             | saagarjha wrote:
             | See, my point is that they'll do it already when it's not
             | even reasonable to do so. So when they take your phone
             | away, which can be done so more credibly, why would you
             | expect more protections?
        
               | bschne wrote:
               | Do they? I'm not aware of cases (but generally not up to
               | date on topics like this, genuinely curious)
        
               | pastage wrote:
               | Call it malice or ignorance, it is hard to tell. I have
               | personally visited someone who did not get insulin for a
               | whole night in jail, ended up with extremly high blood
               | sugar (DKA) (s)he had to be hospitilized for three days.
               | There were no penalties for the officers.
               | 
               | Basically someone with diabetes can seem to be a very
               | unhealthy and drunk person, and people do not tend to
               | take these people serisouly.
        
           | mft_ wrote:
           | Type 1 diabetics have been managing their insulin for decades
           | with occasional blood sugar testing - i.e. certainly not
           | testing for every dose. They'd be fine to manage things for a
           | period without a confiscated monitor.
        
             | smt88 wrote:
             | There are people who connect insulin pumps to their CGM.
             | There will be situations where people can't quickly switch
             | to manual BG management after setting up an automated
             | solution.
        
             | justinclift wrote:
             | > They'd be fine to manage things for a period without a
             | confiscated monitor.
             | 
             | That could go very wrongly if they're already at the end of
             | the safety period when they're grabbed by the cops.
        
             | sunshinesnacks wrote:
             | > They'd be fine...
             | 
             | But before long there will be diabetics that never really
             | learned to do that because they never had to. Even people
             | that have done that for decades still mess up dosing
             | sometimes.
             | 
             | How likely is it that someone might die? I don't know. But
             | saying they will be fine might not be fair.
        
             | bradleyy wrote:
             | Hi, Type 1 diabetic here.
             | 
             | I can fast for days, my blood sugar does not go down.
             | 
             | On my last 4 day fast, my blood sugar stayed within about
             | 20Mg/Dl.
             | 
             | And no, I cannot manage without my medical devices. Or are
             | you telling me that I should fast for the entirety of
             | police custody?
        
             | user_7832 wrote:
             | > Type 1 diabetics have been managing their insulin for
             | decades with occasional blood sugar testing - i.e.
             | certainly not testing for every dose. They'd be fine to
             | manage things for a period without a confiscated monitor.
             | 
             | This is similar to saying "X person can survive without y
             | medicine which has only been around for 10 years". Or
             | "people survived fine without seatbelts for so many years".
             | 
             | That's a classic survivorship bias, because a ton of
             | diabetics _didn 't_ survive, who'd possibly have a much
             | higher chance of surviving today with current tech. Heck, I
             | _personally_ know the brother of a late diabetic who would
             | 've been alive today if he had a phone connected to a CGM
             | because of it's low glucose alarm function.
             | 
             | I understand HN is a place for discussion, but in
             | potentially deadly situations like this, it's worth
             | avoiding to make statements against medical care.
        
           | smileysteve wrote:
           | They jail you, give you low quality food, and eventually the
           | jailer may send a medical team to manage your type 2 diabetes
           | -- most likely with a finger prick and test strip; and
           | they'll give you dietary guidelines that the jail/prison food
           | doesn't satisfy.
           | 
           | US version; (oh, and they'll charge you for the medical care)
        
         | reaperman wrote:
         | Sadly it will probably receive very little consideration.
        
           | contravariant wrote:
           | There's a reason most regulations are written in blood.
        
             | BelleOfTheBall wrote:
             | While there is usually some big case that then defines
             | things like this, I'm worried whether any incidents of a
             | person dying or developing life-threatening issues due
             | their phone being confiscated will change much. We've
             | historically erred on the side of police exercising their
             | power to enforce laws.
        
         | huytersd wrote:
         | The cops will probably deliberately keep it from you as a
         | threat.
        
         | eitally wrote:
         | Software as a Medical Device has been a regulated "thing" for
         | years now, and in this case the Abbott Freestyle _app_ is a
         | mandatory requirement for the CGM To function. If the app can
         | 't connect to the CGM, the thing will make your phone beep
         | incessantly. Similarly, if your blood glucose levels exceed
         | "safe" thresholds, it will alert at full volume in a way you
         | are not allowed to override. Frankly, this is as it should be,
         | but it does indeed convolute things when the device interface
         | (phone) is used for so much more, too.
        
       | lacoolj wrote:
       | inb4 apple watch integration
        
         | asow92 wrote:
         | I'll be buying that apple watch if it ever gets here
        
           | cadr wrote:
           | https://www.massdevice.com/dexcom-direct-to-watch-g7-cgm/
           | 
           | (There is already an app to show on the watch, but you still
           | need the phone in the loop - this is directly to the watch
           | without the phone.)
        
         | bradleyy wrote:
         | Dexcom already has an integration; are you talking about
         | hardware?
        
           | mattl wrote:
           | Yeah, it would be great if the watch could just do this for
           | you, instead of needing to buy a new sensor every 14 days.
        
             | thecosas wrote:
             | Based on everything I've seen so far, the technology for
             | non-invasive glucose monitoring is still far away.
             | Recently, the FDA even released a warning that any
             | companies claiming they could are misleading people [1][2].
             | 
             | Don't get me wrong; I have had T1D for 30+ years and would
             | love to have reliable, non-invasive, glucose monitoring on
             | my wrist.
             | 
             | We've come so far already from a finger stick that would
             | take 2 minutes to get a result. Have hope :-)
             | 
             | [1] https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/safety-
             | communications/do...
             | 
             | [2] https://www.theverge.com/2024/2/21/24079495/smartwatch-
             | smart...
        
       | gamepsys wrote:
       | I like this trend of the FDA making more and more things OTC.
        
         | hanniabu wrote:
         | Don't be fooled by the reason though
         | 
         | > The markup on OTC products is generally higher than on
         | prescription medications.
         | 
         | https://www.eposnow.com/us/resources/how-do-pharmacies-
         | make-....
        
           | nickthegreek wrote:
           | For medical products though, it seems great. OTC hearing aids
           | are a big win for society.
        
           | LordKeren wrote:
           | I have an extremely hard time buying into the idea that that
           | the reason for making glucose monitors available over the
           | counter is simply to increase the profit margins of drug
           | stores.
        
           | reaperman wrote:
           | I haven't noticed this as a consumer in the context we're
           | talking right now. I think that article is measuring the
           | difference between OTC and pharmacy pricing _after_ a drug is
           | approved OTC. But it is not looking at prices pre- vs. post-
           | OTC approval.
           | 
           | Olopatadine eye drops are amazing for allergy season, and
           | they used to be like $250-400/bottle just 5 years ago or so,
           | even the generic version. Then they went OTC for like
           | $10/bottle.
           | 
           | This pricing difference might be true for things that are
           | already mostly cheap, like Omeprazole -- where branding on
           | consumer products drives OTC markup, but consumers don't pick
           | the brand when doctors prescribe it and the pharmacy just
           | gives them whatever cheapest generic they have in the back
           | that they negotiated excellent pricing on.
           | 
           | Though you can easily close the gap on these prices by
           | shopping for the store-brand generics at Costco, Walmart,
           | Sam's Club, etc.
        
             | bobthepanda wrote:
             | It turns out when you strip out as much of the billing
             | bureaucracy as possible, that things become cheaper.
        
               | reaperman wrote:
               | I think "captive market" probably contributes more than
               | "billing bureaucracy" ... the billing is still the same
               | issue after the generics have gotten OTC approval for
               | doctor prescriptions filled by a pharmacist. It's still
               | very common for doctors to prescribe, and pharmacists to
               | fill OTC drugs, and the payments go through the same
               | insurance company red tape as any other Rx.
               | 
               | And yet, the article from GP shows that the added cost of
               | this insurance billing bureaucracy is still less than the
               | added cost of consumer shelf-branding markups.
        
           | bobthepanda wrote:
           | > "CGMs can be a powerful tool to help monitor blood glucose.
           | Today's clearance expands access to these devices by allowing
           | individuals to purchase a CGM without the involvement of a
           | health care provider," said Jeff Shuren, M.D., J.D., director
           | of the FDA's Center for Devices and Radiological Health.
           | "Giving more individuals valuable information about their
           | health, regardless of their access to a doctor or health
           | insurance, is an important step forward in advancing health
           | equity for U.S. patients."
           | 
           | Says nothing about it being cheaper; and honestly, taking the
           | requirement to see a doctor out of it may end up reducing the
           | total cost for a patient anyways.
        
           | crakenzak wrote:
           | Is the FDA capturing any of that markup somehow? I fail to
           | see how it would impact their decision process on approving
           | if it had no impact on their incentives.
        
         | drdaeman wrote:
         | I don't get why things like CGMs require a prescription. It's
         | just a kind of a wearable sensor. While typically only a
         | diabetic person would need it, I fail to see any harm for any
         | adult human if they get curious and want to stick one.
         | 
         | There are odd things like glasses or CPAP machine prescriptions
         | - but at least I understand it's theoretically possible to
         | cause some harm to oneself with those, if someone is really
         | uneducated, reckless or stupid. With a CGM I just can't think
         | of a sensible scenario. Except for the really stupid ones, but
         | then a simple kitchen fork is a four times worse hazard.
        
       | csours wrote:
       | I wish Theranos had worked on a more reasonable goal - like an
       | implantable CGM.
       | 
       | I had T2D, well controlled now, my A1C is below the diabetic
       | diagnostic range.
       | 
       | I used CGMs, and they taught me a lot about how my body reacted
       | to food and exercise.
       | 
       | But I sweat a lot and they would always fall off, halving the
       | useful life of each monitor. I would probably still use them from
       | time to time if they didn't sweat off; and if an implantable
       | version was available for a reasonable price (under $500, with no
       | ongoing costs), I'd probably get it.
       | 
       | I feel like a lot of prediabetic people could learn a lot about
       | their situation with this. I think this is a very good thing.
        
         | guidopallemans wrote:
         | I used to have this problem as well, so I talked it over at my
         | endo office. They suggested that I order some specially shaped
         | stickers to keep them on, but instead I just bought some
         | Kinesiology Tape (hansaplast, but also exists store-brand).
         | 10cm of that works perfectly, even for heavy contact sports
         | combined with sweating (and many showers).
        
           | mapkkk wrote:
           | Just make sure you cut a small circle from the tape overlying
           | the breather hole of the sensor - that hole serves to let
           | moisture buildup from underneath the sensor escape.
        
           | csours wrote:
           | Yup, I tried this. I sweat A LOT
        
             | crimsontech wrote:
             | I tried different tapes, Kinesiology tape didn't stick for
             | me but Hypafix did, I can't get this stuff off without
             | soaking it.
             | 
             | If you ever want to give it another go, try Hypafix. I tore
             | my skin the first time and quickly learned to soak it and
             | use soap to remove the GCM.
        
         | T1DTech wrote:
         | Eversense is implantable, but you have to have a healthcare
         | provider insert it and remove it. So mini surgery every six
         | months. I'll pass.
        
       | philsnow wrote:
       | I dove into CGMs a little bit about a year ago, mostly just for
       | fun. Yes, I paid money to some online prescription mill for CGMs
       | (Abbott Freestyle Libre 3, IIRC), and then put one in my arm (the
       | applicator is a short syringe section that has the monitor tube
       | threaded into it, so the tube stays in your arm and your skin
       | under the monitor remains broken) for a couple weeks. Just to see
       | how various foods would affect my blood glucose, to see whether
       | the "facts" I'm telling my kids about the glycemic index of
       | various foods actually has the expected impact on a measurable
       | result. You know, as you do. For fun.
       | 
       | (It actually _was_ fun, and I'll do it again when the data
       | ecosystem improves.)
        
         | hasty_pudding wrote:
         | I would love to see the results of that!
        
         | haswell wrote:
         | Aside from the fun, how did it go? Find anything surprising or
         | insightful in the process?
         | 
         | It sounds like an experiment I'd like to do for the purpose of
         | optimizing my daily habits and establishing a better mental
         | model for how my eating habits impact me throughout the day.
         | But I really dislike needles.
        
           | smt88 wrote:
           | If the needle in the CGM bothers you, don't let it. It's a
           | quick, painless jab with a tiny needle at the beginning and
           | then the needle comes out. The part that stays in your body
           | is just a flexible filament made of plastic.
           | 
           | I did this experiment as well, and the main thing it did was
           | completely stop me from snacking. My habits got better
           | because I could see how my BG could never return to baseline
           | if I allowed myself to snack between meals.
           | 
           | Other than that, it was also interesting to see certain
           | things would badly spike my BG and other things wouldn't, and
           | they weren't always what you'd expect. A lot of "keto" and
           | "diabetic-friendly" products are terrible for most people's
           | BG and were for mine. I found that some things, like black
           | tea, actually made my BG drop as well.
           | 
           | Overall it's worth doing at least once.
        
             | coffeebeqn wrote:
             | Where do you put the needle thing? Does it get in the way
             | of everyday things?
        
               | singlow wrote:
               | Typically it is on the back of the upper arm where it is
               | covered by a short sleeve shirt. Generally it does not
               | get in the way.
        
               | RecycledEle wrote:
               | I also use a piece of kinesiology tape to make sure my
               | CGM does not fall off.
        
               | Aqua_Geek wrote:
               | The sensor typically goes on the back of your upper arm
               | (your tricep). You can accidentally bump into things with
               | it, but it was infrequent enough that it didn't bother
               | me.
               | 
               | The needle is only used in the application of the sensor.
               | It's spring-loaded and retracts after the sensor is
               | attached. I hate needles, but I found that the tape on
               | the sensor provided enough stimuli to overwhelm my brain
               | and not really feel the needle when it went in.
        
               | pastage wrote:
               | No it never gets in the way. I would not recommend doing
               | it unless you are a diabetic, the results are not that
               | interesting. It took me two years to get used to smacking
               | that needle into the upper arm/stomach/leg, spending up
               | to 20 min -40 min getting over the fear was not a fun
               | time.
        
               | RecycledEle wrote:
               | I feel for anyone who has both diabetes and a fear of
               | needles.
               | 
               | Having said that, it's no bug deal for 90% of people.
        
               | Projectiboga wrote:
               | T1D here, needles are nothing compared to everything else
               | an insulin dependent diabetic deals with. I guess only
               | maybe 1 out of less than 100 shots hurt that much. It
               | only happens when a nerve bundle is hit, then it smarts
               | but it is still less bad than either high, or low blood
               | sugar as well as how insane most every part of American
               | 'health care' is. The main tricks for comfort are go with
               | 29 gauge not the narrower more fragile types with the
               | higher number gauges. The narrower ones have more fragile
               | needle points and they can get damaged by bending during
               | the insertion into the bottle. The other trick is to make
               | sure the alcohol is dry before you take the shot.
        
               | RecycledEle wrote:
               | The needle stick a flexible tube in a few mm, then the
               | needle pulls out.
               | 
               | Think of it as a 5mm thick patch and ignore the tiny tube
               | sucking your blood.
        
               | xen2xen1 wrote:
               | I keep mine on the front of my upper arm, where I
               | automatically notice and protect it. The back of my arm
               | usually means it's off in a few hours.
        
             | TaylorAlexander wrote:
             | My understanding is that for healthy individuals, spiking
             | blood glucose levels is not a problem. Did you get in to
             | any of the research on that? Glucose is a problem for
             | diabetics because they can't regulate it, but healthy
             | people can. At least this is loosely what I have heard,
             | somewhat third hand. Any information is appreciated.
        
               | pie420 wrote:
               | Not a doctor, but from what I have seen, there is a
               | healthy amount of spiking from eating normal foods, but
               | our modern diets are so sugar and carb heavy that the
               | glucose spikes are way outside the range that our bodies
               | evolved to handle. Hunter gatherers would maybe eat some
               | berries here (much smaller and less sweet than modern
               | berries) and there. The modern human eating pizza, tons
               | of bread, ice cream, soda, etc. creates such massive
               | glucose spikes that they are unhealthy and unsustainable
               | for the pancreas to handle for 60+ years.
               | 
               | Again, not a doctor and not sure if this is accurate, but
               | this is my very limited understanding
        
               | throwup238 wrote:
               | _> Hunter gatherers would maybe eat some berries here
               | (much smaller and less sweet than modern berries) and
               | there._
               | 
               | Archaic humans had access to plenty of wild fruit that
               | were high in sugar and tubers that were high in complex
               | carbs. They even had access to concentrated forms of
               | sugar like sugarcane and honey.
               | 
               | They obviously didn't have refined sugars in everything
               | they eat like we do but that they had access to limited
               | sugar in the form of berries is a persistent myth. They
               | would have been exposed to large glucose spikes regularly
               | whenever they came upon a new tree that was in season
               | while migrating.
        
               | amenghra wrote:
               | We live 2x-3x longer than we used to. We should take the
               | best possible care of our bodies.
        
               | Fricken wrote:
               | Only as a statistical average. Hunter gatherers who
               | survived past age 5 had a good chance of living into
               | their 60s and 70s.
        
               | amenghra wrote:
               | There would be skeletal evidence of that. The oldest
               | remains of early humans points to 35-40 year olds with
               | high child mortality rates per
               | https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/people-lived-up-
               | to-40-year...
        
               | CadmiumYellow wrote:
               | Not to mention humans 150 years ago who ate plenty of
               | bread and still didn't have the problems we have with
               | obesity and diabetes. Or even 50 years ago...
        
               | NoPicklez wrote:
               | That could also be because a fair amount of the bread in
               | supermarkets today is closer to confectionary than
               | homemade sourdough.
        
               | EasyMark wrote:
               | light bread starts turning into sugar almost instantly in
               | the mouth and stomach. It's only one step removed and
               | saliva can break it down quickly because it has amylase.
               | Sour dough and whole wheat/grain breads tend to break
               | down a bit slower. You can freeze bread overnight and
               | make it a bit more "resistant" to breaking down quickly
               | and I pretty much do this with all my breads along with
               | toasting them a bit for sandwiches. Pasta can similarly
               | have its glycemic index lowered by first making it "cold"
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | Do you mean that they need to be cold when they are
               | consumed, or is it the process of freezing itself that
               | does something, even if it's later reheated?
        
               | imp0cat wrote:
               | The process of cooling down converts starches in rice,
               | pasta, potatoes etc... to a more resistant forms that
               | your body cannot process easily.
        
               | thimkerbell wrote:
               | Does chilling also work to convert bread starches into
               | resistant ones, or does it only work for rice and
               | potatoes?
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | GP mentioned bread specifically. I looked up some
               | studies, and they are in agreement:
               | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17426743/
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | They don't need to be cold when consumed.
        
               | TylerE wrote:
               | That's not really a fair statement. Many problem who
               | would die of diabetes today would have died of something
               | else 200 years ago long before the diabetes got them.
               | Non-juvenile diabetes is a slow killer, it's really hard
               | for it to kill you before the age of reproduction.
               | 
               | A diagnosis today that is imminently manageable like
               | asthma was far more readily in a world without
               | antibiotics, steroids, or even medical oxygen.
               | 
               | Even something like a CPAP that many of us take for
               | granted has only been readily available for 30 years or
               | so.
               | 
               | Plus, diabetes is much like AIDS in that it's more of a
               | systemic thing than acute. It doesn't really have
               | symptoms that kill you. It just slowly weakens your body
               | until your heart gives in, or you have a serious
               | infection, or something like that. No one dies "of"
               | diabetes, they die with it.
        
               | cableshaft wrote:
               | They also moved around more than most people do today.
               | Most of us are stuck sitting pretty much all day in front
               | of a computer.
        
               | EasyMark wrote:
               | fruit and berries do have sugars but in their wild state
               | they tend to have much less than their modern equivalents
               | bred to be sweeter and tastier. Even then they still
               | typically are 75-95% water and often have some fiber,
               | antioxidants, and vitamins which all can help with
               | inflammation unlike snickers bars.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | I have better life expectancy then them.
        
               | jablongo wrote:
               | It's not really that the pancreas itself can't handle it
               | (though this may be true also). What happens is that
               | having high blood glucose, even if it's not continuously
               | high, is just bad for you by virtue of the high
               | concentration of glucose in your blood. Having high blood
               | glucose leads to the creation of "Advanced Glycation
               | Endproducts" (AGEs) which bind to certain receptors
               | (RAGEs). The AGE-RAGE interaction is linked to downstream
               | diabetes side effects like atherosclerosis.
        
               | philsnow wrote:
               | There's also research that indicates that cancer thrives
               | in high-glucose environment, and that starving cancers of
               | glucose reduces their size over time.
        
               | 462436347 wrote:
               | Wrong:
               | 
               | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S00
               | 472...
        
               | anorwell wrote:
               | The longevity people think that blood glucose levels are
               | an important predictor for rate of (biological) aging.
               | See e.g. https://www.lifespan.io/topic/blood-glucose-is-
               | a-biomarker-o...
        
               | Attummm wrote:
               | Well, they're not just people. They are longevity
               | scientists.
        
               | 1234letshaveatw wrote:
               | longevity scientists are just people
        
               | pcorsaro wrote:
               | I'm not the OP, but I had a CGM several times through
               | Levels. I can tell you that the major spikes (glucose
               | over 200 after sitting between 80-90) really made me feel
               | like shit. The 2 times I can remember it getting that
               | high were when I had too much sushi, and a huge bowl with
               | white rice from Chipotle. Brown rice never seemed to
               | spike me nearly as bad, especially if paired with
               | something high in fiber like black/brown beans. From a
               | long term health perspective, I have no idea if it's a
               | problem or not. I didn't like how bigger spikes felt, so
               | there's probably something to it being bad for you long
               | term. Obviously the more often you spike as a "healthy"
               | person, the less sensitive your body is to insulin.
               | Staying even on my glucose levels is always where I felt
               | the best.
        
               | EasyMark wrote:
               | straight rice and bread break down into sugars -very-
               | quickly in the stomach, that's why mixing them with stuff
               | like you mentioned (heavy in fat and/or protein) can
               | really dampen the spikes in my own observations. Those
               | are just anectdotal though and what works for me doesn't
               | work for everyone. I do like to eat a salad first with
               | some good fibrous veggies though OR something like eat
               | some of a chicken/fish entree or steak if I'm having that
               | as part of a meal.
        
               | T1DTech wrote:
               | With Type 1 Diabetes, your pancreas is no longer
               | producing insulin, with Type 2, it's typically that it's
               | not producing enough insulin. My child is healthy, but
               | his pancreas stopped producing insulin years ago. He
               | lives with T1D.
        
               | smt88 wrote:
               | My A1c is right on the edge of prediabetes, so I wasn't
               | as concerned about the spikes as I was about my baseline,
               | how long spikes last, etc.
        
             | haswell wrote:
             | That's good to know. I think my aversion to needles is so
             | strong that it stopped me from going beyond basic research.
             | Bad on me.
             | 
             | But this does sounds like an interesting thing to try, if
             | only to get a better idea of how my body works.
             | 
             | I've been tracking walking vs. resting heart rate, HRV,
             | blood oxygen levels, and sleep for a few years using the
             | Apple Watch, and while I know these measurements are
             | imperfect, they've helped me better understand the impact
             | of certain choices.
             | 
             | There's something that seems really beneficial about
             | feeding my brain data about myself as a way to do the
             | healthier things I've always wanted to want to do. The more
             | data I have, the easier it feels to implement positive
             | habit changes in a way that doesn't involve sheer
             | willpower. There's something very satisfying about seeing
             | the very tangible changes on a graph over time that
             | indicate better health, even when it doesn't feel like the
             | changes have done anything noticeable yet.
        
             | philsnow wrote:
             | > A lot of "keto" and "diabetic-friendly" products are
             | terrible for most people's BG and were for mine.
             | 
             | Absolutely, there are a lot of companies trying to cash in
             | on this new-ish market, and they'll do anything to their
             | products to get the net carbs down to 0-2g "per serving" --
             | scare quotes around that because this is a particular
             | annoyance of food labeling in the States: food labels
             | declare the amount of various nutrients per "serving", but
             | 1) they get to choose the serving size [0] and 2) they get
             | to round numbers, so if they just pick the serving size
             | such that it's 1.499g of carbs per serving, they get to put
             | that it's "1g", and so on.
             | 
             | It makes it impossible to compare food labels between
             | different items even among the same manufacturer (and even
             | the same SKU but different/later packaging, because they
             | don't have to issue a new SKU when they change the food
             | label). If instead they were required to show amounts in g
             | per kg (or ml per l for liquids, or whatever), they could
             | be compared more easily.
             | 
             | [0] The FDA provides "Reference Amounts Customarily
             | Consumed" and asks manufacturers to refer to them when
             | deciding their serving sizes, but (from [1]):
             | 
             | > FDA's guidance documents, including this guidance, do not
             | establish legally enforceable responsibilities. Instead,
             | guidances describe our current thinking on a topic and
             | should be viewed only as recommendations [...]
             | 
             | so really they can pick almost anything they like
             | 
             | > [...] unless specific regulatory or statutory
             | requirements are cited.
             | 
             | unless the food is medicinal in some way, I guess?
             | 
             | [1] https://www.fda.gov/media/102587/download
        
           | pastage wrote:
           | If you want to know more about it you can just read about how
           | diabetics treat different foods. Short version; high GI is
           | fast high blood sugar, lots fat and sugar can results long
           | period of with high blood sugars.
           | 
           | It is a CGM more or less what you would expect, insulin is
           | the only hormone that lowers blood sugar, then you have all
           | the stress hormones that raise it like adrenalin, growth
           | hormone and cortisol plus glucagon for long time storage of
           | sugars in the body. So measuring blood sugar with a CGM gives
           | you a value between 2.9-13.5 mmol/liter that is supposed to
           | give you picture of a rather complex system. A CGM also needs
           | perfect access to your free flowing blood which in it self is
           | a difficult task.
        
             | haswell wrote:
             | I'm more curious about the experience a non-diabetic person
             | has. For one, the purpose of using the device is quite
             | different, and not related to a life threatening situation.
             | And because the focus isn't to manage this specific issue,
             | the insights and potential utility seem like they'd be of
             | an entirely different variety.
             | 
             | e.g. I know that the things I eat impact my blood sugar,
             | but don't have the same kind of intimate awareness a
             | diabetic person would have, nor would the changes in my
             | levels have the same meaning/impact.
             | 
             | Put another way, and setting aside the issue of
             | oversimplifying a complex system (so is measuring RHR, HRV,
             | blood oxygen, etc.), the benefit of CGM for a diabetic
             | person is obvious. The benefit of CGM for a curious person
             | less so.
        
               | Projectiboga wrote:
               | Main benefit is more data, only work is to accurately log
               | meals and activity.
        
               | pastage wrote:
               | It is probably easier to find interesting things curious
               | people with diabetes has done, sure you might want help
               | to sort out the interesting bits.
               | 
               | Optimizing sugar in take for exercise might be an
               | interesting thing todo as non diabetic. There is no tool
               | to continuously measure ketons though which is the fun
               | part. CGMs are so slow. I really see no use at the
               | moment.
        
             | EasyMark wrote:
             | I'm asking out of curiosity here: I've always heard that
             | fat doesn't spike your glucose at all and protein only if
             | you a considerable amount of it. So from what you said if
             | you ate a fatty cheeseburger (plated like a steak and
             | without the bread) that your blood sugar will spike? I'm
             | currently doing a Mediterranean style diet during the week
             | and slacking off a bit on the weekends friday evening
             | through Sunday morning. I have done keto in the past though
             | with the readings I've done on it saying that lots of fat,
             | some protein, and just a little bit of carbs should
             | basically keep any glucose spikes very low. I could only
             | handle the keto for a couple months though.
        
             | eternauta3k wrote:
             | > A CGM also needs perfect access to your free flowing
             | blood
             | 
             | I thought CGMs measure the interstitial fluid?
        
           | galago wrote:
           | Freestyle Libre 3 only has a plastic filament and the plastic
           | applicator pushes it in without pain. Very different than
           | metal lancets (stick test). I can't feel it at all when its
           | in the back of my arm. If I were worried about sweating too
           | much and it not sticking I would get one of the third party
           | over-patches that create a lager adhesive area. I might do
           | that in the Summer.
        
             | spc476 wrote:
             | My girlfriend uses the Libre 3 and I was wondering how it
             | worked with just that plastic filament. She doesn't feel it
             | at all when I apply it. We found that if she washes the
             | area with soap and then just relaxes her arm and lets it
             | hang freely, I apply it to the back upper arm, it just
             | stays on and doesn't get in the way.
        
           | crimsontech wrote:
           | I did it for fun about a year ago and found out I had T2
           | diabetes.
           | 
           | I was shocked but obviously glad I found out. I use them from
           | time to time just to see how I'm doing and how different
           | foods (and amounts of them) impact me.
           | 
           | I found I can control it through diet alone and exercising
           | when there is a spike by using a GCM for the constant
           | feedback.
           | 
           | They are very expensive here though (UK) and my doctor won't
           | prescribe me one because metformin is cheaper, so it's not
           | something I can use all the time.
           | 
           | I hate needles, this really isn't like a needle though, it's
           | a small filament which sits just under your skin, you can't
           | feel it, I thought it hadn't gone in until I saw the reading
           | appear on my phone.
           | 
           | Some things I found out besides what foods and amounts give
           | me big spikes are that I have a blood glucose spike in the
           | morning just before I wake up, and that if I eat a small
           | enough portion of white rice, ice cream, bread, whatever I
           | can reduce the spike quickly by going for a walk. If I had a
           | lot though, a walk isn't going to help.
        
           | philsnow wrote:
           | I almost completely forgot about the monitor itself, and only
           | paid attention to the numbers on my phone. It's that
           | unobtrusive (at least the Libre 3 one that I used).
           | 
           | I let the needle (actually: annulus? see sibling comment) get
           | into my head because I was curious and looked at it. It looks
           | a lot scarier than it is, kind of like using contact lenses
           | for the first time: before you've used them, you get into
           | your own head about it, but once you've done it a couple
           | times it's just rote and easy.
           | 
           | I had started the first one a day before I started a few
           | weeks of (6-days-on, 1-day-off) keto. Keto guides will say
           | that you should have <= 25g net carbs per day, but I
           | specifically wanted to see how front-loading (having almost
           | all the day's planned carbs in one meal) affected blood
           | glucose, and also whether the number (25g) is accurate for my
           | physiology. I found that my number was closer to 30g and that
           | when I stayed under it, my blood glucose spikes had very
           | short duration but when I went significantly over it, blood
           | glucose stayed higher for longer.
           | 
           |  _edit: One more thing, I used this time to play around with
           | various sugar substitutes and see how they affected my blood
           | glucose. Allulose came out as the winner (if money is no
           | object) based on not having any noticeable off-taste or
           | aftertaste and on measuring gram-for-gram the same as sugar
           | (well sort of, it 's only like 80% as sweet as sugar, so you
           | get the same mechanical effects of sugar if you weigh it
           | gram-for-gram and your baked goods or whatever come out not
           | quite as sweet, which is perfect for me. Creaming butter with
           | liquid stevia extract or something just plain doesn't work._
        
             | LegitShady wrote:
             | what other sweeteners did you try? Can't get allulose in
             | canada (unless you buy it from a shady importer) because
             | Health Canada says there isn't enough data to say its safe,
             | so its not approved sweetener.
        
         | itpragmatik wrote:
         | At least for me the readings that it shows are not accurate
         | (when verified with old style finger pricking glucose
         | monitoring machine). These CGMs are good for knowing the
         | general variability of glucose level in your blood based on
         | your diet exercise etc; I don't trust the absolute numbers from
         | CGM like Freestyle Libre - haven't used any other one though
         | yet.
        
           | reaperman wrote:
           | It would be interesting to see whether a group of 20-100
           | people could manually calibrate their readings by fitting
           | their CGM readings to their fingerprick glucose readers. I
           | wonder what the accuracy would be after a very basic personal
           | curve fit.
           | 
           | I do this with a lot of consumer measurement devices. Both
           | for thermometers and scales (food, human, and cheap 0.1mg
           | scales). As well as thermostats, like the kitchen oven. I
           | also do it for my multimeters. I validate my volumetric
           | measuring cups/spoons by weighing water in them but I don't
           | correct them, just return if they're way off.
           | 
           | It's okay if the reading is off as long as I can correct it
           | the same way every time and get a pretty accurate result.
        
             | alright2565 wrote:
             | Calibrating my scales and thermometers would be nice. What
             | procedure do you use for it? is it documented online
             | anywhere?
        
               | reaperman wrote:
               | I basically use an Excel sheet. Make a scatter plot of
               | the "true" values on one axis, and the "measured
               | (slightly wrong)" values on another axis. Then do best-
               | fit to y=mx+b and manually adjust it according to that
               | equation using my phone calculator in the future.
               | 
               | Some classically trained engineers may tell you the
               | "true" value should always be plotted on the x-axis as it
               | is often considered to be the more "independent"
               | variable...but this is highly debatable, and you can skip
               | some simple algebra later if you put the measured value
               | on the x-axis. Then look at the shape of the scatter
               | plot. _Ideally_ it will be linear, so you ask Excel to do
               | a linear curve fit (y=m*x+b). Write this on the scale,
               | and now whenever you take a measurement on the scale,
               | whip out your phone and do  "measured_value * _m_ + _b_
               | ". And that's your true value. If it's not a linear fit
               | (quadratic, log, etc) ... that's interesting, and often
               | it's likely "wrong", but also "it is what it is".
               | Classically trained engineers will say you have to do a
               | linear fit if that's what the theory says is appropriate,
               | but for one-off home device calibration...do whatever
               | works for you. Just as long as you don't overfit with
               | some stupid 4, 5, 6, etc-term equation. Any reasonably
               | simple equation with 2-3 terms is fine IMHO.
               | 
               | I use a set of heavy objects whose mass I know fairly
               | precisely. They're not perfectly 10.000lbs, 20.000lbs,
               | etc ... they're just "around 10lbs, around 20lbs" and
               | I've used a good actually-calibrated scale (at work, some
               | commercial business with calibrated scales that you can
               | access, whatever) to weigh them and wrote their weights
               | in sharpie on a piece of tape stuck to the objects.
               | Ideally you'd go for around 10% increments. If the scale
               | can weigh 400lbs, that would be every 40 lbs or so. But
               | it really doesn't matter as long as you have enough good
               | points around the range you truly intend to measure, and
               | then a few outside of that target range at semi-regular
               | intervals.
               | 
               | For my 0.1mg-resolution mass balance I have some actual
               | calibration weights, but they're a relatively affordable
               | OIML "M1" class, and did not come with expensive
               | calibration certificates. The OIML tolerance ratings go
               | E1, E2, F1, F2, M1, M2, M3 (from best to worst). For a
               | 100g test weight, M1 precision gets you +/- 0.005g,
               | guaranteed, for $50 ($135 if you want a calibration
               | certificate). E1 gets you +/- 0.00005g at 100g test
               | weight, for $500 ($1200 with cal cert). For smaller
               | calibration weights like 10mg you'll generally want to go
               | a step up from M1 (+/- 0.25mg) to F2 (+/- 0.08mg) for
               | about $27.
               | 
               | For temperature, it's a bit trickier because the only
               | "true" temperatures you can create are -6degF/-21degC and
               | 228degF/109degC. If these temperatures are helpful to
               | you, you can create them by pouring shitloads of salt in
               | water and stirring+heating it until no more salt will
               | dissolve and you just have a pile of salt in the bottom
               | of the container. You can try to go for "0degC/100degC"
               | using distilled water and it would probably be close
               | enough but you can't know it exactly unless you use super
               | pure de-ionized water and use extremely absurd lab
               | technique (usually involving washing your glassware and
               | tools with de-ionized water over and over for several
               | days straight to get rid of trace contaminants).
               | 
               | So instead, to get "true" temperature in the range I care
               | about, I use some thermocouples attached to a high-
               | quality multimeter or oscilloscope. Then I calibrate
               | these thermocouples using the method above, and average
               | their reading for the oven temperature. This works and
               | extrapolates well enough outside the range of calibration
               | because the error of a thermocouple is basically
               | guaranteed to be a very linear error.
               | 
               | In this link[0] topics 1-6 ("weeks") get into the fine
               | details of all this and provide some worksheets/excel
               | sheets already made up for this type of thing. If you're
               | really getting into the weeds with this, understanding
               | propagation of error[1] really helps but is super
               | unnecessary for 99% of people unless they're doing actual
               | engineering.
               | 
               | 0: https://pages.mtu.edu/~fmorriso/cm3215/laboratory_exer
               | cise_s...
               | 
               | 1: https://pages.mtu.edu/~fmorriso/Pintar_Error_Analysis_
               | or_UO_...
        
             | ksaun wrote:
             | The entire system is too complicated, and the CGM too
             | variable in accuracy, for such calibration to work in the
             | way I think you are suggesting.
             | 
             | Each time the CGM is applied, the situation is different
             | because of the exact position and various other factors.
             | And the CGM is not 100% consistent.
             | 
             | You do/can calibrate the CGM as needed. For example, when
             | the CGM first activates, standard practice is to check with
             | a fingerprick to see how accurate the CGM is this time and
             | (sometimes) calibrate. (As noted in other comments, the CGM
             | and fingerprick are not detecting exactly the same thing.)
             | 
             | And the next time you apply the CGM (we use a Dexcom G6,
             | which is changed every 10 days), any previous calibration
             | is irrelevant. There's a lot of variability and many
             | factors that can affect results (exact location, scar
             | tissue from previous CGM application, recent exercise, a
             | recent hot shower, etc.)
             | 
             | (I didn't explain that well, but hopefully you get the
             | idea.)
        
           | pastage wrote:
           | This is highly personal thing it is apparently very
           | inaccurate for some people, I've never been below or over
           | dangerous levels without it giving a warning. What has
           | happend once or twice over the decade I've used it is that it
           | will get stuck in a bad reading, so you do not see the
           | variations. It has always got unstuck when I've gone below
           | 3.5 mmol/liter or so.
        
           | mlsu wrote:
           | It actually may actually be the other way around, at least
           | for newer CGMs.
           | 
           | Try doing a few fingerpricks in a row. The variability will
           | surprise you!
        
           | Engineering-MD wrote:
           | There is generally a latency of a few minutes between blood
           | and interstitial fluid (the CGM) readings- up to 15 minutes.
           | You may find if you account for latency your consistency
           | between the two increases
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | Apart from the latency of diffusion from bloodstream to
           | interstitial fluid (and the lower levels in the interstitial
           | fluid) the FDA requires that consumer devices be with 20% of
           | the venipuncture level.
           | 
           | That means a lancet poke can be quite different from a meter
           | like the freestyle, and both can be quite different from the
           | level in your veins that a lab would get. So if your level is
           | 200 one device can read 240 and the other 160 and both can be
           | considered "correct".
           | 
           | I found that the freestyle libre 2 and libre light are
           | characteristically _low_ while the FS 3 is characteristically
           | _high_. So I use them for the shape of the curve, and that is
           | useful.
        
           | jablongo wrote:
           | Another reason they are sometimes different is because there
           | is a lag in the CGM data. It's estimated the lag is about 12
           | minutes.
        
         | turtlebits wrote:
         | Same, but my doctor pointed me to a promotion for a free
         | sensor. It did require a prescription, but since I don't have
         | diabetes, it's not covered by insurance.
         | 
         | Trying to get it filled and picked up was slightly annoying as
         | the pharmacy initially did not want to fill it without some
         | prodding, and I waited a while for them to figure out how to
         | get the promotion billed.
        
         | znpy wrote:
         | What's the lifetime of a single device? Are you supposed to
         | remove it before a shower and reapply it later?
        
           | hlfshell wrote:
           | No, it's mostly water proof. You wear it through showers and
           | even swimming for 2 straight weeks. The adhesive is pretty
           | good; rarely does it come off on its own prior to say, a week
           | and a half in.
           | 
           | It holds 8 hours of data (1 reading per minute) and you can
           | just hold up your phone to read the last 8 hours of data for
           | your overall data.
        
             | znpy wrote:
             | thanks for the reply!
        
         | jseliger wrote:
         | Before I got cancer, I had one through Levels, and it was
         | informative. Dessert is _much_ worse than I 'd thought. Rice,
         | too, including brown rice. I remember eating some biryani and a
         | small bit of naan at an Indian restaurant and thinking that I'd
         | been pretty healthy, only to see a spike of like 80.
        
           | meindnoch wrote:
           | Momentary high blood sugar is perfectly fine after eating
           | carbohydrate-rich meals.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | This was down voted, but it's all about the time scale. A
             | major pathway of transporting energy from your food to your
             | cells is via glucose in your blood and your cells then use
             | or store it for later. Insulin production reduces the
             | spike, but that response isn't instantaneous.
             | 
             | So on a second by second basis numbers that would be
             | concerning across an hour are fine. Similarly your average
             | over an hour post meal can be much higher than a healthy
             | average across a day.
        
               | TylerE wrote:
               | Yup. A1C, which is the main diagnostic measure, due to
               | the way it's measured is a roughly 90 day moving average
               | with somewhat of a recency bias.
               | 
               | Like most things, it's mostly about area under the curve,
               | as long as the extremes aren't too much so.
        
             | EasyMark wrote:
             | for sure, the length of the spike is just as important,
             | it's like energy and it's an area under the curve type of
             | phenomena
        
           | colordrops wrote:
           | Is 80 high? That seems totally fine.
        
             | TylerE wrote:
             | 80, as an absolute reading, is on the low side of normal.
             | Like, that's what it might be first thing in the morning
             | before you eat. Anything sub 50 starts to get dicey.
        
           | illegalsmile wrote:
           | Desserts can definitely send your levels quite high but I
           | don't think I'd qualify some biryani and naan with a reading
           | of 80 as unhealthy. You probably ate a healthy portion and
           | left it at that. Is 80 not well within the normal range?
        
             | pastor_bob wrote:
             | He probably means it spiked 80 from where it was (e.g. 100
             | to 180)
        
               | TylerE wrote:
               | Which is still pretty normal, low for a full meal if
               | anything, if not presiding with insulin.
        
           | al_borland wrote:
           | I saw an interview a while back between Tim Ferriss and
           | someone who had tried CGM for fun/research. One thing he
           | noticed was the huge impact a short walk after a meal brought
           | down his blood sugar levels. Tim then mentioned he
           | experienced the same thing and that there is a saying in
           | China, something to the effect of, "take 100 steps after a
           | meal, live 99 years." This also linked up with something I
           | had looked up a few years ago when I noticed that I always
           | saw families of Indian decent walking around neighborhoods,
           | but never anyone else. I looked it up, and founds there is a
           | word in Marathi of taking 100 steps after a meal.
           | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shatapawali)
           | 
           | It seems there has been this age old knowledge that taking a
           | short walk after a meal is really good for you, which somehow
           | got lost in some/many cultures. My parents would always say
           | they had to sit after a meal to let their food digest... it
           | never really made sense to me. My grandma, on the other hand,
           | is 103 and gets pretty upset if people try to stop her from
           | walking after a meal (or whenever she wants). We always just
           | thought she liked walking, but maybe there is something else
           | driving her, it seems to have worked out for her. It was very
           | interesting to hear the CGM back up some of these practices
           | that have likely been going on for hundreds or thousands of
           | years.
           | 
           | I have been wanting to try one. This approval opens up the
           | door. I think seeing something like this with my own eyes,
           | with my own body, with actual numbers, would have a bunch
           | bigger impact than some anecdotal stories from others and
           | nice sayings which align.
           | 
           | It looks like there is some research being done in the area
           | as well.
           | 
           | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40279-022-01649-4
           | 
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8912639/
        
             | philsnow wrote:
             | That's fascinating -- you know how your body sometimes
             | manifests a craving for a food when it "knows" that you're
             | deficient in some nutrient that food will provide?
             | 
             | I get the same feeling (of my body directing me to take
             | some action) but it's not after meals, for me it's after
             | having more than one beer. After 2-3 beers I want to go
             | walk around the neighborhood for half an hour (and it's a
             | bummer when the neighborhood is not pedestrian-friendly).
        
             | neeleshs wrote:
             | Taking 100 steps after a meal is a common saying in India
             | as well. The saying also advises sleep on ones left side
             | for good health. Goes like this in Kannada - "Undu nooradi
             | nadedu, edamaggulagi malagidare vaidyana bhandatavilla
             | sarvajna"
             | 
             | Literally "if you walk a hundred steps after eating and
             | sleep on you left, there won't be any doctor's shenanigans"
        
               | EasyMark wrote:
               | sleeping on your left side can help with gastrointestinal
               | issues somewhat (like reflux) or after eating an acidic
               | dinner.
        
           | o_____________o wrote:
           | Eat fiber first. Add more protein. Eat reheated rice
           | (resistant starches). Isn't it interesting how much these
           | little details matter?
        
             | EasyMark wrote:
             | healthy proteins and fats are good for you, both will slow
             | down digestion time. I rarely eat only rice as the main
             | course of a meal, and usually eat something either with it
             | or before it, and it's almost always brown rice.
        
         | gregschlom wrote:
         | > so the tube stays in your arm and your skin under the monitor
         | remains broken
         | 
         | That's not how it works, at least for the Freestyle Libre 3.
         | The cross section of the needle has C shape rather than a O
         | (technically I believe it's called a cannula). When you remove
         | the applicator that C shape allows the needle to be removed
         | through the hole at the top of the sensor, and only the
         | flexible filament stays I your arm.
        
           | rnewme wrote:
           | I belive he called the flexible filament "tube" and that you
           | are both saying the same thing. Ie skin stays open (albeit in
           | very tiny spot where the filament is sticked in)
        
         | barbazoo wrote:
         | What symptoms would one have to present for an "online
         | prescription mill"/"virtual care provider" to prescribe a CGM?
         | I'm fascinated by this and would love to try it out but I don't
         | want to bother my family doctor with this.
        
           | CaptainNegative wrote:
           | The only symptoms needed are a pulse, the ability to type out
           | a credit card number, and availability for a sham phone call.
           | It's virtually impossible to not get prescribed one from a
           | mill.
        
             | EasyMark wrote:
             | How much would a month or two cost me if it was out of
             | pocket? I wouldn't mind doing it for science.
        
       | terhechte wrote:
       | I bought a Sibionics GS1 recently and am about to use it
       | (SIBIONICS GS1 Sensor Continuous...
       | https://www.amazon.de/dp/B0CPDHKGYK?ref=ppx_pop_mob_ap_share).
       | Reading this thread I'm wondering if it is a safe / good product
       | to use. Does anybody happen to have knowledge?
        
       | dddiaz1 wrote:
       | Great to see it be OTC. But it's weird that it is advertised to
       | last for 15 days, while the prescription version for T1ds/T2ds
       | only lasts for 10 days. The hardware looks the same.
        
         | thecosas wrote:
         | Had the same thought!
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39621575
         | 
         | Also... does this mean they are direct-to-consumer as well as
         | retail channels? https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39622192
        
       | anonfornoreason wrote:
       | I would recommend anyone to experiment with this. I did, and
       | found out I was more glucose sensitive than I expected. This led
       | me to get more broad labs done, with which I was able to find
       | additional treatable issues that are likely the cause. If I
       | hadn't done this, I would have found out via symptoms years
       | later, after irreversible damage had already been done.
       | 
       | You are your only medical advocate, no one else is going to do it
       | for you. The standard of care is shit, don't rely on it.
        
         | epistasis wrote:
         | Agreed, this is one of the better things I have done to take
         | control of my own health!
         | 
         | It was very very surprising which foods, and quantities of
         | foods, caused huge spikes.
         | 
         | However, this stuff is difficult to interpret. What should be
         | the goal number for managing glucose spikes? What's good,
         | what's bad? Ultimately there's a lot of judgement calls, just
         | as there is with any health or fitness goal.
         | 
         | I learned a lot from Peter Attia's podcasts, but that required
         | hours of listening.
         | 
         | My doctor offered to review my data with me, which was amazing.
         | But many people's primary care docs may not have the experience
         | or time.
        
           | anonfornoreason wrote:
           | +1 +1 +1 to Peter Attia, huge amounts of great content. My
           | philosophy is that if there's any single topic where I should
           | be spending five hours a month researching, it's personal
           | health.
           | 
           | As far as spikes are concerned, I convinced my wife and my
           | dad to both try out the same CGM. Neither of them really ever
           | had any spikes of significance (maybe up to 130's), even when
           | eating cake, etc. Obviously it varies from person to person,
           | but the fact I would spike easily above 140 with boring foods
           | (steel cut oats with no sweetener as an example) said to me
           | something was wrong. My daily averages hovering around 100 to
           | 105 were not in the pre-diabetes level but were close to it,
           | even when eating minimal carbs and being extremely fit with a
           | natural healthy diet. Also most of what you read out there
           | with CGMs is related to people who actually have diabetes.
           | 
           | Finally, there's no one really to talk to about this stuff.
           | You can eclipse your doctor's knowledge on the topic with
           | about 5-10 hours of research. You can go get a broad set of
           | labs and be right at the edge of the reference range on
           | something (which is, depending on the lab, just a range of
           | the general population, not a healthy range) and your doctor
           | will shrug it off. The system is setup so that as long as you
           | are in a sort of average, even with that average being pretty
           | bad (half of the country is fat and pre-diabetic), the
           | standard of care is to ignore it until you fall off the end.
           | The line between hypochondria and being on top of your health
           | is pretty thin, and most doctors will consider you a
           | hypochondriac if you research and come ready to talk about
           | the topic with any level of knowledge.
        
             | Projectiboga wrote:
             | Try melatonin it makes what insulin you have go farther.
             | Type 2 diabetes is caused by excess inflammation.
        
         | happytiger wrote:
         | That's some sage advice.
         | 
         | People are often surprised when I tell them about the insane
         | levels of pre-diabetes in the US:
         | 
         | > The National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health
         | Promotion notes that approximately 96 million U.S. adults aged
         | 18 years and older (38% of the adult population) have
         | prediabetes, and nearly 80% of them are unaware that they have
         | it.
         | 
         | It's honestly insane to continue a way of life that's doing
         | this to the majority of the population.
         | 
         | https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/prediabetes-trends-
         | amon....
        
           | narrator wrote:
           | The other insane thing is studies have shown that type 2
           | diabetes can be reversed by fasting. Fasting is problematic
           | to the medical industry because it is zero cost.
           | 
           | "Some studies found that patients were able to reverse their
           | need for insulin therapy during therapeutic intermittent
           | fasting protocols with supervision by their physician."
           | 
           | https://clindiabetesendo.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/.
           | ..
        
             | Aurornis wrote:
             | > Fasting is problematic to the medical industry because it
             | is zero cost.
             | 
             | No, fasting is problematic because people don't like it.
             | 
             | Health conscious people don't understand how much
             | resistance the average patient has to advice about
             | lifestyle modifications, or how difficult it is to get
             | patients to adhere to recommended lifestyle changes.
             | 
             | A good example is sleep apnea and CPAP machines: In theory,
             | a CPAP machine should provide life-changing improvements in
             | sleep quality and daytime energy for someone with sleep
             | apnea, yet patient adherence rates are shockingly low (even
             | when covered by insurance). Many patients are simply
             | annoyed by the machines and give up on it.
             | 
             | That's not to mention the fact that weight loss is
             | extremely effective in many (though not all) sleep apnea
             | situations, but it's rare that patients will actually
             | follow through with that.
        
               | psychlops wrote:
               | It's also rare for a doctor to tell a person they are too
               | fat and to lose weight. The assumption (and most cost
               | effective solution) is that patients just want a
               | prescription for something and be sent on their way.
               | 
               | US healthcare is crisis focused, not health focused.
        
               | TeaDrunk wrote:
               | > It's also rare for a doctor to tell a person they are
               | too fat and to lose weight.
               | 
               | Genuinely curious... have you ever been an obese person?
               | Every fat person I've known have told me they're
               | constantly shamed about being fat in medical settings,
               | some to the point where they actively avoid going to a
               | doctor anymore because they've given up on anything
               | beyond being told they're fat.
        
               | porkbeer wrote:
               | It its a complicating factor in almost every ailment
               | known to humankind. A doctor would be negligent not to
               | address it. There is no healthy level of obesity.
        
               | TeaDrunk wrote:
               | So... you get my confusion and skepticism at this claim
               | that it is "rare" for doctors to bring up obesity to an
               | obese patient!
        
               | psychlops wrote:
               | I'd say I'm obese, and never heard a word about it. Even
               | through covid. I have a friend who is a doctor who has
               | been brutally honest with me (it's appreciated), but even
               | though I've gone to many paid doctors in the northeast
               | US, not a peep.
               | 
               | I don't want to confuse my experience with actual data.
               | Also, I don't think it's shaming if it's a health issue
               | and obesity should be recognized as such.
        
               | metabagel wrote:
               | > It's also rare for a doctor to tell a person they are
               | too fat and to lose weight.
               | 
               | I don't think this is true. Doctors do tell patients if
               | they are overweight, and they do encourage them to make
               | lifestyle changes including losing weight.
        
               | psychlops wrote:
               | Okay, that's fair, I didn't provide data so you responded
               | in kind. So I went to find a study:
               | 
               | "Fewer than one of five overweight patients and slightly
               | over half of obese patients reported being told they were
               | overweight by their provider."
               | 
               | So "rare" is the wrong word.
               | 
               | https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/journal-
               | articl...
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | Disordered eating is more dangerous then obesity.
        
               | porkbeer wrote:
               | Both are worse than eating right. It's not a binary.
        
               | slily wrote:
               | I doubt that's true unless the degree is extreme. Humans
               | evolved with "disordered eating" and fasting is well-
               | researched.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | Humans evolved with a lot of behaviors that is or was not
               | healthy. Evolution requires you to have offspring and
               | have them alive until having own offsprings.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | Speaking as someone who has spent several months trying
               | to adjust to a CPAP machine before finally giving up,
               | it's not because it's annoying, it's because I _literally
               | can 't sleep_ with the damn thing strapped onto my face.
               | I'm well aware of the benefits, and I would _love_ it if
               | I could have them... but between sleep apnea and no sleep
               | at all, the choice is obvious.
        
               | binoct wrote:
               | Everyone has a unique situation, but wanted to share my
               | experience because improving apnea can have such a huge
               | impact. I have a relatively mild case, so CPAP was
               | borderline but I tried it. Like you spent 4 months and
               | never got past 3 hours in one night, even trying several
               | masks. Gave up for a year, worked on sleep hygiene in
               | general and tried again. After about 2 weeks of a new
               | mask and adjusting settings slept through the night. 5
               | years on I still wish I didn't need it, but the improved
               | quality of life means I basically never go to sleep
               | without it. Can't imagine how big a deal it is to someone
               | with severe apnea.
               | 
               | You don't need to completely throw in the towel if you
               | don't want to. Take breaks, try different masks as much
               | as you can, get your dr to help adjust pressures. At
               | least for some of us it does eventually click.
               | 
               | Good luck!
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | I have a friend who got a CPAP and was happily sleeping
               | with it on the first day, 5 minutes in. I'm very envious,
               | but... I've already tried several different masks, went
               | to the supplier to have them adjust that stuff to fit me
               | etc.
               | 
               | At the end of the day, we are all different, and the
               | threshold for what physical sensations a person can
               | tolerate is highly variable. Everyone understands that
               | about pain (I hope!), but this goes just as much for all
               | these other things that are not necessarily painful as
               | such, but are still physical.
        
             | staypegged wrote:
             | >Fasting is problematic to the medical industry because it
             | is zero cost.
             | 
             | Is this just an American thing? Every GP I've ever seen has
             | asked me about my diet and exercise despite me being in the
             | healthy BMI range.
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | I don't think that fasting is problematic to the medical
               | industry in the US. And if it is, it's not because it's
               | zero cost. Doctors _love_ zero cost interventions. The
               | real challenge is just the standard medical challenge: 1)
               | educating doctors as new evidence comes in, 2) doctors
               | educating patients, and 3) patients complying with the
               | intervention.
        
               | NegativeK wrote:
               | It's a pessimism thing.
               | 
               | I've had doctors (in America) tell me to not worry about
               | medical issues and others recommend a battery of tests to
               | look for correlated but uncommon issues. My current GP
               | recommends basic, palatable approaches to diet and
               | exercise that have nothing to do with giving them money
               | (and, presumably, reduce my medical costs with them down
               | the road.)
               | 
               | I've also had doctors suggest that I get an issue
               | reclassified so they could do surgery. That could be
               | viewed as them wanting money, but I view it as them
               | seeing a problem that can be fixed by surgery because, as
               | a surgeon, that's how they approach problems.
        
               | 1234letshaveatw wrote:
               | Are you asking if your anecdotal evidence is sufficient
               | to make an inference for all of Europe and the US?
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | Other studies have shown that type-2 diabetes can also be
             | put into remission for many patients with nutritional
             | ketosis. So, there are potentially multiple approaches to
             | try.
             | 
             | https://www.virtahealth.com/research
        
             | graeme wrote:
             | to be clear this isn't reversing T2 diabetes. Rather, it
             | allows you to manage it. But the physical damage causing T2
             | diabetes generally remains
        
               | yurishimo wrote:
               | The American diabetes association admitted last year that
               | T2 can be "reversed" with the caveat that you mentioned
               | about existing damage. However, to actually damage things
               | to a level where they are noticeable takes years and
               | years. If you catch it early, T2 is entirely
               | "reversible".
        
         | Aaronstotle wrote:
         | This is why it made me upset to see this Doctor on TikTok
         | telling people unless you have Diabetes, you don't need a
         | glucose monitor and making fun of people who had one.
         | 
         | Where is the harm in getting data on how your own body deals
         | with glucose?
        
           | queuebert wrote:
           | False positives in medicine can cause unnecessary
           | interventions that carry their own risks. Believe it or not,
           | there is an optimum level of ignorance for maximum health.
        
             | eurleif wrote:
             | If having more information leads to worse outcomes, that's
             | fundamentally a problem with how you're responding to the
             | information, not with having the information.
        
               | akira2501 wrote:
               | If I'm not trained to correctly respond to the
               | information then why should I believe that I'm going to?
        
               | mhb wrote:
               | You can learn?
        
               | akira2501 wrote:
               | I can learn almost anything. So, I have to put values on
               | what it is I'm learning, so I don't waste my time. My
               | estimation is that learning how to interpret my health
               | data so that I can spend a lot of time gathering and then
               | continually interpreting that health data is not going to
               | evince any additional value in my life.
        
               | queuebert wrote:
               | If you knew which signals were false positives, they'd be
               | true negatives.
        
               | user_7832 wrote:
               | > If having more information leads to worse outcomes,
               | that's fundamentally a problem with how you're responding
               | to the information, not with having the information.
               | 
               | Not necessarily.
               | 
               | Rohin Francis (Medlife crisis) has I think a video on
               | overtesting, but for example, if you have a new
               | technology that tests and suspects a tumor, which results
               | in CT scans for patients, if millions of users use this
               | tech there's a likely non-zero number of people who may
               | get cancer from the CT exposure.
               | 
               | "What about those who actually had the tumor?"
               | 
               | Well it's possible that 99% of these cases would've been
               | symptomatic anyway in a few more months.
               | 
               | By explanation isn't the best, but over-medication is not
               | a non-issue.
        
               | graeme wrote:
               | That's still the response though. You can simply say
               | "Well, we expect an error rate of X with this new test,
               | so in the absence of other risks factors we predict the
               | actual odds of the condition are Y".
               | 
               | Then you can decide whether a test makes sense or doesn't
               | make sense, given the tradeoffs of radiation and cost vs.
               | the risks of harm.
               | 
               | In the real world, information absolutely can lead to
               | harm, but it's still all in the response and how medicine
               | and patients use information.
               | 
               | But as information gets cheaper and more common we can
               | develop ways of dealing with it. If it was difficult and
               | expensive to test for fever you'd see people in the
               | medical profession warning against it because it could
               | lead to overreaction.
        
               | user_7832 wrote:
               | I get your point, however I think there are a few
               | confounding things. For a lot of people, if you get a
               | positive result from a test that a doctor brushes off
               | that's not going to go well. I'm very much in favor of
               | more testing personally, there are almost certainly folks
               | who're on SSRIs who'd benefit more from Vit D/Mg
               | supplementation for example.
               | 
               | Another thing I seem to remember in his video was that a
               | tumor is not necessarily dangerous. Out of a hundred
               | (say) tumors in a person's life, only maybe 5 are risky.
               | But I'm paraphrasing this badly.
               | 
               | Edit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7kQk9-KLPfU is one
               | of the videos, however I think he's talked about this
               | more (likely on instagram or another video too).
        
             | psychlops wrote:
             | What sort of risky false positives and interventions are
             | you anticipating from knowing glucose levels?
        
             | gtirloni wrote:
             | The unnecessary interventions are done by licensed doctors?
             | Why?
        
               | queuebert wrote:
               | Doctors make mistakes. Procedures carry inherent risks,
               | such as infection, allergies, blood clots, etc. Even
               | driving to the doctor to discuss your blood glucose
               | carries a risk of car accident. All of these are low
               | probability events, but non-zero.
        
               | tetramer wrote:
               | You don't know if it's a false positive or not until you
               | do further interventions. Realizing it's unnecessary is
               | only evident in hindsight.
               | 
               | E.g. CT scan shows an incidental, tiny lung nodule. You
               | do a biopsy. Unfortunately, during the process of getting
               | a biopsy, you develop a pneumothorax (an uncommon but
               | well-known complication of a lung biopsy) and need a
               | chest tube, hospitalization, etc. You get discharged and
               | you're fine, but man, that wasn't fun. Biopsy comes back
               | negative for cancer. Nodule goes away on its own with
               | time.
               | 
               | Edit: that being said, I'm excited about OTC CGMs! But
               | the "data" we have in medicine is not as accurate as
               | other fields and always subject to false
               | positives/negatives.
        
               | unlikelytomato wrote:
               | the gap between cgm and a biopsy from a CT scan is vast.
               | CGM is not enough to trigger any such intervention.
               | Unnecessary interventions are absolutely a concern. A CGM
               | is about as controversial as someone taking their own
               | heart rate to help them calm down from panic attacks.
               | Minimally invasive and nobody would base a dramatic
               | intervention on this data alone.
        
               | tetramer wrote:
               | Sure. As I stated in my original comment, I'm excited
               | about CGMs being widely available. The example in my
               | comment was very specifically answering "why do doctors
               | perform unnecessary interventions?".
        
               | gtirloni wrote:
               | Agreed. Thanks for the perspective. Never considered
               | downsides of such interventions (as I have been mostly a
               | lab rat for doctors but never experienced things like
               | that, but it's understandable).
        
             | abletonlive wrote:
             | Dumb framework for dealing with incompetence.
             | 
             | "I'm so incompetent that more data is going to lead to
             | worse outcomes! So let me stick my head in the sand and not
             | measure!"
             | 
             | Imagine if any other profession operated under this
             | framework:
             | 
             | "Ehhh, if we inspect too hard we might make a repair on
             | this airplane that will cause further damage, lets just not
             | do the inspection"
        
               | queuebert wrote:
               | Do you think tearing apart a working airplane and putting
               | it back together in order to inspect it between every
               | flight is a safe practice?
               | 
               | Did you see the 737 door plug accident?
               | 
               | You are missing part of the picture here. And that part
               | is not that everyone else is dumb but you.
        
               | abletonlive wrote:
               | > Do you think tearing apart a working airplane and
               | putting it back together in order to inspect it between
               | every flight is a safe practice?
               | 
               | Do you think this is....the same thing as a continuous
               | glucose monitor?
        
               | queuebert wrote:
               | Mathematically, yes. The probabilities involved are
               | different, however.
        
           | rockooooo wrote:
           | There are downsides to over-medicating, even if your personal
           | budget for health is ~unlimited. Nobody wants to be a false
           | positive.
        
           | Aurornis wrote:
           | > Where is the harm in getting data on how your own body
           | deals with glucose?
           | 
           | We have a relatively good indicator of long-term glucose
           | levels: HbA1c blood testing. It's included in a lot of
           | physicals now because it's relatively cheap. It's not 100%
           | sensitive to every possible condition, but it's quite good as
           | a screening mechanism for the general population.
           | 
           | CGMs will often give an "estimated HbA1c" value based on
           | statistics from the collected data.
           | 
           | The challenge with CGMs is that it can he harder to know
           | what's "normal" or not than you might think. There are a lot
           | of stories of people becoming unnecessarily worried about
           | occasional spikes or dips that are virtually inconsequential
           | in the grand scheme of things.
        
             | crimsontech wrote:
             | At the age of 45 I had never had an HbA1c test. I found out
             | I had T2 diabetes from getting a CGM as part of a health
             | study I applied for, and seeing my blood glucose was at
             | 22mmol (it should be under 10). I ordered a finger prick
             | test kit from Amazon assuming the GCM was faulty but it
             | wasn't. After this I went to the doctors who confirmed with
             | an HbA1c and put me on Metformin.
             | 
             | It certainly should be part of routine checkups in my
             | opinion, but I had never had more than blood pressure check
             | and a weigh in from my doctor.
        
               | bialpio wrote:
               | Where are you based? I have it tested annually, but only
               | after moving to USA (from Poland). I don't remember if I
               | had such a test done earlier - I think I might have had
               | it done as a part of screening for whether I'd be allowed
               | to go scuba-diving or something else sports-related.
        
               | Aurornis wrote:
               | HbA1C has been checked by all of my primary care
               | providers across several locations in the US.
               | 
               | I also had an insurance provider who gave us a cash bonus
               | if we had it tested (they paid) every year for a while.
               | 
               | It's surprising that some doctors aren't checking it
               | still.
        
           | akira2501 wrote:
           | > Where is the harm in getting data on how your own body
           | deals with glucose?
           | 
           | That's not what you're actually measuring though. You're just
           | measuring instantaneous blood sugar levels.
           | 
           | You're hoping that your process for correlating this data
           | with other events and trends in your life is accurate and
           | useful. Unless you're planning on bringing a lot of
           | documentation and other data recording to pair with this,
           | it's not likely this single data point is going to
           | beneficially change outcomes for you.
        
         | pastor_bob wrote:
         | What are 'treatable' causes other than food intake?
        
           | anonfornoreason wrote:
           | One example is an iron overload disorder. Excess iron
           | accumulates in various organs including your pancreas, liver,
           | and pituitary gland. Catch it early and you can avoid liver
           | cirrhosis, busted pituitary function, poor pancreatic
           | function, heart issues, dementia, etc. Wait too long and you
           | are on the transplant list.
        
         | NotGMan wrote:
         | I second, I wore it multiple times as a non-diabetic and it was
         | very enlightening.
        
         | znpy wrote:
         | I'd really love to be able to do that (experimenting) but i'm
         | in the EU and haven't looked at the possibilities yet (i'm not
         | diabetic).
         | 
         | However i recently saw a video of a woman that carried a
         | glucose monitor (even if she didn't need one) as part of a
         | study (she volunteered) and was able to correlate her mood and
         | her weight take/loss with sugar intake.
         | 
         | I'm very curious about this. I've started a diet recently and
         | after quitting many sources of sugar completely I'm very
         | surprised how long i can go without eating and how little
         | calories per day i can consume (well, as long as i have fat to
         | burn at least).
         | 
         | If anybody wants to chime in and suggest a glucose monitor that
         | i can get without prescription in EU (Italy) and from which i
         | can pull off data, please do.
        
           | dhoe wrote:
           | I'm in the Netherlands and just bought a Freestyle Libre 3
           | from https://www.dia-centrum.nl/. It didn't require a
           | prescription and was easy to set up and you can get the data
           | out of Freestyle's website, as a CSV download if I remember
           | correctly.
           | 
           | I had a doctor comment that he'd never seen anybody wearing
           | one just out of interest, and he was slightly condescending
           | about it.
        
             | ps2fats wrote:
             | Perfect, I'm also in the NL and was hoping someone would
             | have more information. I totally believe the GP being
             | condescending about it, they are trained as gatekeepers to
             | medical care to reduce costs to the system (wife is a
             | doctor). It is also unimaginable to them, for whatever
             | reason, that people would pay for things out of pocket.
        
               | dhoe wrote:
               | Haha, yeah, don't get me started. My other
               | recommendations along these lines for people who don't
               | want to argue with their GP about which blood tests "make
               | sense" is https://onedayclinic.nl/. Their pricing is
               | somewhat confusing but you can just email them everything
               | you'd like to measure and they'll make you a (reasonable)
               | offer.
        
         | Aurornis wrote:
         | Read up on what's normal, though.
         | 
         | I tried a CGM twice. I triggered the hypoglycemia (blood sugar
         | too low) alarm multiple times, but felt completely fine.
         | 
         | After some research I discovered it's actually not uncommon for
         | healthy people to have occasional dips below the preset
         | hypoglycemia threshold, but as long as you're not having
         | symptoms then there's no cause for concern.
         | 
         | I also talked to a doctor who complained that she had multiple
         | patients showing up with concerns about their glucose numbers
         | for various reasons after trialing CGMs, but they had similar
         | spurious and unimportant problems (brief excursions out of
         | range, etc.).
         | 
         | So if you're going to experiment, at least familiarize yourself
         | with what's truly problematic. It's easy to misinterpret the
         | data if you don't know what it means.
        
           | dreewf wrote:
           | Freestyle libre has a lot of hypoclyemia events due to
           | pressure on the sensor. If you roll over at night, or lean on
           | the sensor it reads way too low. It's very annoying since you
           | can't disable the alarm, I have to turn off the Bluetooth at
           | night. Similarly when you go into very cold water it will
           | read lower incorrectly.
        
         | coldcode wrote:
         | I found out I was barely in the diabetic range a couple of
         | months ago; hopefully, with diet changes and Metformin, I will
         | see my A1C at a better number in a month or so. Otherwise, I
         | would like to try a CGM to see what I am missing.
        
         | sdo72 wrote:
         | I think I would recommend the opposite unless you are diabetic
         | or pre-diabetic. Using this may make people think eating high
         | GI food causes diabetes.
        
           | epistasis wrote:
           | Prevention of diabetes or even of pre-diabetes is well worth
           | the experiment. At least for folks in the US, where metabolic
           | syndrome is hanging over the head of a huuuuuge percentage of
           | the population.
           | 
           | Hiding information from people because they might
           | misinterpret it is not a successful medical strategy, the
           | better strategy is to educate, see if the information will be
           | welcome, then provide the information in the context of what
           | it means.
           | 
           | I wasn't technically pre-diabetic, but did have a few higher-
           | than-expected resting glucose blood tests, and the CGM showed
           | me that I'm actually _really_ close to pre-diabetes.
           | 
           | That was the kick I needed to clean up my diet (specifically
           | eat less), exercise 5-7 days of the week, and I'm feeling
           | better than ever.
           | 
           | Anecdata, of course, but there is no single intervention that
           | has been discovered to improve people's weight and metabolic
           | problems in the US (except perhaps the new GLP-1 inhibitors).
           | Adding a CGM, at least for people interested in it, can be
           | very effective, and we should use all the tools we have to
           | improve the population's health.
        
             | sdo72 wrote:
             | I think your approach is that giving more data to
             | individuals so that they can be informed and make better
             | decision about life choices. However, if we look at
             | reality, the data is already there, without experimenting
             | we can already get a ton of data. Then the question is have
             | people made better decisions about their life choices. I
             | think the answer is No.
             | 
             | And thus I doubt very much that with this device or devices
             | like this, the diabetic population will be reduced. In
             | fact, I believe it to be the opposite.
        
         | RecycledEle wrote:
         | I assume you mean you experimented with another CGM, since this
         | one is not on the market yet.
        
         | simple10 wrote:
         | Experimenting with GCMs is by far the most useful and fun
         | biohacks I've tried. I was part of the early beta for Levels
         | Health.
         | 
         | Even if you don't suspect underlying health issues, the data
         | provided for health optimization and gamification is worth it.
         | 
         | I used the GCM for 4 weeks and mostly tested how my body
         | responds to various types of foods and meal timing. I also used
         | an Oura ring to track sleep.
         | 
         | Main lessons learned: fat loading in the morning with a
         | bulletproof (ghee) coffee didn't spike glucose and provided
         | sustainable energy. Carbs for dinner helped with sleep but only
         | if the meal was several hours before bed, allowing enough time
         | for the double glucose spikes to return to baseline.
         | 
         | And Japanese sweet potatoes massively spike my glucose unless
         | they're slightly undercooked. Cooking methods significantly
         | changed how my body responded to the food.
        
         | mikenew wrote:
         | Can you share a little about the "additional labs" you did?
         | 
         | I wore a CGM for about a month. Also found that my glucose
         | numbers were not nearly as good as I would have expected,
         | especially considering that I'm quite active and not
         | overweight. But it's the "what next" that I'm stuck on.
        
           | smallerfish wrote:
           | Check out Peter Attila's book. He has a couple chapters on
           | metabolic syndrome that should be helpful.
        
             | mikenew wrote:
             | I've read Outlive (and am a big fan of Peter Attia in
             | general), but there's really not much there besides
             | "exercise more, eat better".
             | 
             | I was on strict keto for a year, with daily blood tests to
             | monitor ketone levels. My fasting glucose would still be
             | above 100 often enough. Even a moderately sized carb-heavy
             | meal can send my BG above 200 (even after being off of keto
             | for a few months).
             | 
             | Maybe if I paid the $2500 for his "Early" program that
             | details all the labs he does I might get some insight, but
             | that is clearly priced for someone outside my tax bracket.
        
       | FigurativeVoid wrote:
       | I'm a T1 diabetic, and CGMs are a great tool for blood sugar
       | management. Combined with a closed loop system, they are
       | literally life changing.
       | 
       | I am glad to see an increase in access to live changing medical
       | care for a disease that is mostly just bad luck.
        
         | thecosas wrote:
         | T1D here too. Fun to see others having an interest in CGMs :-)
        
       | chx wrote:
       | I got the dexcom g6 three years ago via a simple online order in
       | Canada. Is Canada more lax? What's the difference?
        
         | coldcode wrote:
         | In the U.S., until this one, you needed a prescription to buy
         | one. Many countries allow them to be purchased without.
        
       | moralestapia wrote:
       | Great news. Reading through their website and just found out
       | they're disposable(!).
       | 
       | Anyone knows if there's a reason for this? I don't want to think
       | is just a money grab. Perhaps the patch wears off?
        
         | coldcode wrote:
         | All CGMs only work for a period of time, like a couple of weeks
         | or so. Then you get a new one. To keep the size reasonable it
         | can't be too big.
        
         | mapkkk wrote:
         | The patch does wear off but the main reason is because there's
         | a finite amount of enzyme (glucose oxidase) on the filament
         | that does the actual glucose measurement on the sensor. So over
         | time the enzyme is "spent". That, and of course it's lucrative.
         | There are clever ways people have come up with (particularly
         | from low income regions) where you can trick these sensors or
         | the apps to reset and apparently you can get way longer
         | lifespans like that (for the dexcom you also have to file down
         | the bluetooth transceiver so that you can get at the battery
         | within) at the risk of no longer being able to trust the
         | readings.
         | 
         | There's one company that's experimenting with an implantable
         | CGM that will supposedly have a 6 month lifespan, with a
         | bluetooth powered patch that you apply on the skin overlying
         | the implant.
        
       | EMCymatics wrote:
       | It can help your health but I'm concerned how often the data will
       | get abused.
        
       | galago wrote:
       | I'm currently wearing the Freestyle Libre 3. It communicates with
       | the app every minute. I have something between pre-diabetes and
       | diabetes so I have a slight chance at being able to treat my
       | condition with diet/weight/exercise. Its definitely changing my
       | behavior--I'm aware that it is not as accurate as the stick test
       | but I have a plot of my blood sugar throughout the day. Currently
       | I'm consuming very little carbohydrates. I've learned from my own
       | data what foods will cause my blood sugar to spike.
       | 
       | The app is missing some obvious features, and people are right to
       | complain, but its way better it seems than devices that came
       | before.
        
       | NelsonMinar wrote:
       | So glad to see medical monitoring made available to people.
       | Different problem but an O2Ring continuous blood oxygen monitor
       | was a big help to me in understanding my sleep apnea and getting
       | it treated.
        
       | sdo72 wrote:
       | I don't know why modern days we get so many problems wrong.
       | 
       | A -> B, then B -> A => incorrect
       | 
       | In a fire, we see firefighters, that doesn't mean firefighters
       | cause fire. In diabetic patients, we see high glucose level. That
       | doesn't mean eating high GI food causes someone to have diabetes.
       | 
       | If we look at the Blue Zone, many people eat mostly carb. So
       | carb/high GI food definitely doesn't cause diabetes.
       | 
       | Devices like this will make other people fearful of high glucose
       | and think they're getting diabetes. People without the disease
       | shouldn't focus on monitoring the glucose level, focus on eating
       | healthy instead. And of course eating healthy is another complex
       | topic.
        
         | migro23 wrote:
         | > In a fire, we see firefighters, that doesn't mean
         | firefighters cause fire. In diabetic patients, we see high
         | glucose level. That doesn't mean eating high GI food causes
         | someone to have diabetes.
         | 
         | This is correct but probably not in the way you think. It is
         | not the glucose in and of itself that is the problem but the
         | level of the hormone insulin circulating around your system
         | that is at the root of Type II diabetes. Glucose and insulin
         | are highly related. Insulin is released by the pancreas to help
         | control the level glucose in our blood.
         | 
         | Virtually no insulin is required when metabolising fats, a
         | small amount is required for protein and a larger amount of
         | insulin is required when dealing with glucose dense
         | carbohydrate based foods. The faster a carbohydrate is
         | metabolised the greater the dose of insulin required to quell
         | the resulting glucose rush in the blood.
         | 
         | What does the insulin do? As a hormone it has many functions.
         | The presence of insulin in the blood signals to all cells to
         | burn sugar (glucose) rather than fats (ketones) for their
         | energy. It prompts the cells in the skeletal muscles to store
         | up glucose in the form of glycogen for later use and it signals
         | the liver to store excess glucose that is not immediately
         | needed. Once the liver and muscles are full then the liver then
         | converts any excess to triglycerides.
         | 
         | Where do the triglycerides go? They get stored as subcutaneous
         | fat all over but largely in the belly (in men) and bum/upper
         | legs (in women). What happens when subcutaneous stores are
         | full? Then the triglycerides are shoved anywhere and
         | everywhere. Fat is pushed into muscle cells as well as the
         | cells in individual organs. The fat molecules present in cells
         | in organs are particularly pernicious (visceral fat) but any
         | cells that contain these triglycerides seems to disrupt the
         | insulin signalling within the cell. This results in insulin
         | resistance i.e., the ineffectiveness of insulin to signal to
         | the cell to take up excess glucose.
         | 
         | When sufficient threshold of insulin resistance is reached, you
         | will get higher blood sugar readings and a higher A1C at which
         | point your doc will say you have prediabetes or full on type II
         | diabetes.
         | 
         | Insulin is the master key variable that unlocks the type II
         | diabetes puzzle. High blood sugar levels are just a symptom.
         | The problem with modern day Type II diabetic care is they
         | consider the high blood sugar as the root problem. So this is
         | treated with meds such as metformin and eventually MORE
         | insulin. Understanding type II diabetes as a disease of too
         | much insulin sheds the disease in a very different light.
         | 
         | Anyway, you are correct, the high glucose level per se is not
         | the cause, but high levels of insulin constantly circulating
         | around your system is the big problem. Of course an effective
         | way of doing that is to continuously eat foods dense in glucose
         | and fructose that are metabolised very quickly e.g., cookies,
         | ice-cream, orange juice etc.
         | 
         | > If we look at the Blue Zone, many people eat mostly carb. So
         | carb/high GI food definitely doesn't cause diabetes
         | 
         | Blue Zone areas such as Okinawa, you do find people eating carb
         | rich foods but they are also high in fibre e.g., root
         | vegetables, sweet potatoes etc. look at books by Robert Lustig
         | to learn more about the importance of fibre in relation to
         | metabolism and diabetes risk.
        
           | sdo72 wrote:
           | Thank you for the detail :). And yes, I do believe lacking of
           | fibre is one of the key important factors causing many kinds
           | of diseases, and the modern diet is totally missing lots of
           | fibre.
        
             | migro23 wrote:
             | You're welcome. I must add that I am not a doctor so take
             | the above with the appropriate level of skepticism on your
             | behalf. I am only summarising what I have learned from
             | books and have omitted _A LOT_ of detail.
             | 
             | Recommended further reading
             | 
             | - Pure, White and Deadly (John Yudkin)
             | 
             | - Fat Chance (Robert Lustig)
             | 
             | - Outlive (Peter Attia) contains an excellent and concise
             | synopsis of the mechanisms behind metabolic disease
        
         | ravenstine wrote:
         | Glycemic index is only sort of useful for people who actually
         | have diabetes, where blood sugar dysregulation makes insulin
         | regulation equally as precarious. For anyone who doesn't have
         | diabetes, GI doesn't really mean anything other than that their
         | insulin may or may not spike in a short period of time related
         | to a food. Glucose spiking, hence insulin spiking, _is not_
         | something you want, but this also doesn 't mean that something
         | with a lower GI score is better for you and doesn't cause you
         | to release as much insulin. Whether it's table sugar or whole
         | grain pasta, they'll become glucose that the body will use or
         | store in one way or another. Fasting glucose will still remain
         | higher.
         | 
         | > Devices like this will make other people fearful of high
         | glucose and think they're getting diabetes.
         | 
         | Elevated glucose is _exactly_ what causes type 2 diabetes. Take
         | away the glucose supply, and you don 't have elevated insulin.
         | Fear of glucose that is _too high too often_ is entirely
         | justified and is not something that should be going on if
         | people can avoid it. Sugar molecules are damaging to cells and
         | are related to other things like cardiovascular calcification.
         | 
         | > If we look at the Blue Zone, many people eat mostly carb.
         | 
         | So-called "Blue Zones" are not science. They are anecdotal,
         | cherry-picked, uncontrolled, and can't be tested. Also, some of
         | those zones, such as Okinawa, are mythical. Okinawans
         | historically have eaten a lot of pork, and still eat a ton of
         | pork. They also used to not keep much in the term of birth
         | records, so there was really no way to know how old any of
         | those people were back when they were studied.
         | 
         | > So carb/high GI food definitely doesn't cause diabetes.
         | 
         | Propose a model of type 2 diabetes that doesn't involve
         | dysregulation of blood glucose and come back to us.
        
           | 462436347 wrote:
           | > Elevated glucose is exactly what causes type 2 diabetes.
           | Take away the glucose supply, and you don't have elevated
           | insulin. Fear of glucose that is too high too often is
           | entirely justified and is not something that should be going
           | on if people can avoid it. Sugar molecules are damaging to
           | cells and are related to other things like cardiovascular
           | calcification.
           | 
           | No, it doesn't:
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6602127/
        
             | ravenstine wrote:
             | Reread that article. It has literally nothing to do with
             | cause and effect. The study finds an association between
             | intramyocellular lipids and insulin resistance, and has
             | absolutely nothing to say about whether diabetes is caused
             | solely by glucose dysregulation or something else.
        
           | sdo72 wrote:
           | Every response you have don't relate to my comment! and I
           | believe you have incorrect info in your responses as well.
        
             | ravenstine wrote:
             | Surely you have a good example of what I am incorrect about
             | instead of merely saying I am wrong?
        
               | sdo72 wrote:
               | Your comments aren't the responses to my comments. Let's
               | take an example, my comment is neither proposing a model
               | for T2D nor saying CGM is part of any model.
               | 
               | You said Okinawa people eat a ton of pork, please compare
               | with something.
               | 
               | You said they don't have birth record accuracy which is
               | not totally true. In many asian culture, they use Zodiac
               | and similar methods to keep track of age, the exact date
               | may be off, but the year cannot be off because if it's
               | off, that's 12 year difference. I cannot be a dragon and
               | claim myself to be 84 when I am only 72 because all of my
               | friends around know how old I am around.
               | 
               | When 1 or 2 persons say it, it may be mythical. But when
               | most of population say it, there must be some truth. And
               | it's also up to you how you believe it.
        
         | 462436347 wrote:
         | > If we look at the Blue Zone, many people eat mostly carb. So
         | carb/high GI food definitely doesn't cause diabetes.
         | 
         | While obesity is known to be the greatest risk factor for T2DM,
         | you can induce insulin resistance in weight-stable individuals
         | just by shifting the macro composition of their diet towards
         | saturated fat:
         | 
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5291812/
         | 
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7171936/
         | 
         | Sugar, amusingly, doesn't seem to have the same effect.
         | 
         | Given that the typical recreational CGM wearer (in my
         | experience) is a low-carb/keto type (who ruined their insulin
         | sensitivity), you should probably take the comments in this
         | thread touting CGM use with a grain of salt.
        
       | hnburnsy wrote:
       | Hope this integrates with Garmin...
       | 
       | https://www.garmin.com/en-US/blog/health/how-garmin-and-dexc...
        
       | fgkramer wrote:
       | I'm currently wearing a CGM from Lingo
       | (https://www.hellolingo.com/) which is pretty much the easiest
       | way I've found to get my hands on one without a prescription (as
       | I'm not diabetic).
       | 
       | So far it's shown me that the sluggishness after a carb-heavy
       | meal its heavily correlated with the glucose spike and how good
       | my organism copes with it.
       | 
       | Can't wait for the day we have our own Fallout style Pip-Boys!
        
       | autoexec wrote:
       | It'd be pretty interesting to see that kind of data, but it looks
       | like this product violates my policy on not buying hardware that
       | requires a cell phone app to use, and my policy on keeping as
       | much of my medical information as far away from my mobile device
       | as possible. I'm not sure exactly who the app itself sells/leaks
       | the data being collected to, but even having that kind of data on
       | the device would make me uncomfortable.
       | 
       | A quick read of their privacy policy suggests that the mobile app
       | is full of personalized ads and they use your data for "direct
       | marketing" as well as "research". They offer your data to third
       | parties for both "marketing" and "analytics" reasons. They'll
       | send your data overseas whenever it suits them, even to places
       | where your data will not have the same protections, and they'll
       | keep the data they collect forever unless you submit a request
       | for them to delete it and they are actually required to do so by
       | law.
       | 
       | Since I'm only mildly curious to see what the numbers would look
       | like, I'm fine with waiting until someone puts one on the market
       | that saves its data to storage that can later be copied over to
       | an offline PC.
        
         | spc476 wrote:
         | My girlfriend as the Libre 3, and she has both the cell phone
         | app, and a stand alone unit to store results. You can only use
         | one or the other, not both at the same time (the Libre 3 uses
         | Bluetooth). We have the stand alone unit because of insurance
         | reasons.
        
           | xen2xen1 wrote:
           | Dexcoms also have small cell phone like devices you can use.
           | I've never put a wifi password in I can recall.
        
         | mlsu wrote:
         | They sell the data to nobody. It's considered PHI so covered by
         | HIPAA. Dexcom has to trace custody of the data from the sensor
         | to app to wherever it goes, so it is encrypted the whole way.
         | 
         | Nobody has access unless the patient wants them to.
        
           | autoexec wrote:
           | Their own privacy policy says they share data for marketing
           | purposes. I don't think they'd do that without any
           | compensation and their app includes personalized ads.
           | 
           | HIPAA only covers "protected health information" and not all
           | of the data collected by their products.
           | 
           | They also state: "You can ask us not to use or share certain
           | protected health information for treatment, payment, or our
           | operations. We are not required to agree to your request"
           | 
           | Once a year you can also request that they send you a report
           | on who they shared your data with and why without paying them
           | for it, but it will not include anything involving
           | "treatment, payment, and health care operations, and certain
           | other disclosures (such as any you asked us to make)."
           | 
           | see https://www.dexcom.com/notice-of-privacy-practices
        
             | mlsu wrote:
             | I'm bet they probably do collect e.g. your phone's
             | operating system and use that to figure out which market
             | segment you belong to. But as far as I know Dexcom doesn't
             | have any agreements with anyone to sell their user's data;
             | If they have ads in the dex app I've never seen one. I
             | would be extremely surprised if that were the case.
             | 
             | >You can ask us not to use or share certain protected
             | health information for treatment, payment, or our
             | operations. We are not required to agree to your request
             | 
             | What they're talking about here isn't necessarily what you
             | expect. It's that, if you e.g. encounter a bug in the
             | product that they need to disclose to the FDA, you cannot
             | withhold information from them that would prevent them from
             | doing that. Or, if they need to know what kind of diabetes
             | you have so that they can charge your insurance for the
             | correct prescription, you can't say "you're not allowed to
             | share that." (doesn't really apply here, but that's kind of
             | what's meant in that clause). You can see: treatment,
             | payment, or operations. The scope of each of those is kept
             | as small as possible, and they do have audits from time to
             | time ensuring that it is.
             | 
             | I assure you that CGM readings, trends, averages, reports,
             | etc. ALL of that stuff is absolutely, positively considered
             | PHI and considered extremely privileged. The only time
             | anyone, even in the company, can see that data is if they
             | are a customer support agent helping a specific customer,
             | or if they are on the data science team looking at broad
             | trends to help e.g. calibrate the product.
             | 
             | >Once a year you can also request that they send you a
             | report on who they shared your data with and why without
             | paying them for it, but it will not include anything
             | involving "treatment, payment, and health care operations,
             | and certain other disclosures (such as any you asked us to
             | make)."
             | 
             | It's because they have extra requirements around storage,
             | retention, etc of that PHI data. It's very likely that they
             | can't send you a report because all parties have much
             | stricter access controls on that data so it can't be
             | aggregated and put in a report without filing a mountain of
             | paperwork.
             | 
             | I assure you, these companies do not fuck around with
             | patient data. They don't even do things that give off the
             | appearance of fucking around with patient data, because
             | they know that if the HHS thinks that they are that's
             | millions of dollars in audit costs.
        
               | chefandy wrote:
               | I'm a lot more concerned by what my insurance company can
               | do with the data than marketing companies-- they
               | regularly deny claims based on data collected by device
               | vendors.
               | 
               | In the following article, see: Sleep aid or surveillance
               | device?
               | 
               | https://www.npr.org/sections/health-
               | shots/2018/11/21/6697510...
               | 
               | Maybe glucose monitoring data is different than sleep
               | data, but I don't see why it would be. In that article,
               | even random customer service representatives had access
               | to his device data despite his asking them to stop
               | storing it. I had a similar experience with a medical
               | device that the person in the article had with their CPAP
               | machine: I yanked a wireless modem out of the thing and
               | stuck a flash card in there, because fuck those creeps.
               | They sent me a very large bill retroactively denying
               | coverage for the device for non-compliance, but luckily I
               | didn't end up having to pay because they accepted the
               | local data I provided without (much of) a fight. But what
               | if the claim wasn't for a comparatively inexpensive
               | machine, and it was for an inpatient medical procedure
               | with surgery, lots of imaging, and a 10k ambulance ride?
               | You better fucking believe I'm not going to voluntarily
               | help them weasel out of coverage.
        
         | bsilvereagle wrote:
         | For the Freestyle Libre 3, you can use it without an account.
         | That does not mean that Abbott is not still sending your
         | readings to the cloud, but at least your name is not attached
         | to it.
         | 
         | It takes some work, but you can "liberate" your data from the
         | app without the cloud account: https://frdmtoplay.com/freeing-
         | glucose-data-from-the-freesty...
        
       | darreninthenet wrote:
       | My wife already buys a Libre Freestyle over the counter here in
       | the UK... are we talking the same thing? Why are (or were) they
       | prescription only in the US..?
        
       | alexnewman wrote:
       | CGM is cool but it interferes with my ability to swim in the
       | ocean on the reg
        
       | dansitu wrote:
       | If you find this field interesting, Know Labs is working on a
       | non-invasive continuous glucose monitor using RF spectroscopy:
       | 
       | https://www.knowlabs.co
        
         | huytersd wrote:
         | Non invasive would be a golden goose. I don't think I want to
         | have something sticking into my skin for weeks on end.
        
           | teleforce wrote:
           | This is a promising non invasive glucose sensor namely
           | GlucoRx Wearable BioXensor using microwave technique [1]. For
           | the technical background how the sensor work and the clinical
           | trials results please check this paper (paper also available
           | from their university website) [2].
           | 
           | [1] Meet the inventor: Professor Adrian Porch from Cardiff
           | University:
           | 
           | https://www.med-technews.com/medtech-insights/latest-
           | medtech...
           | 
           | [2] Microwave Noninvasive Blood Glucose Monitoring Sensor:
           | Human Clinical Trial Results:
           | 
           | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8058721
        
       | thecosas wrote:
       | T1D here who has been using Dexcom G6 for many years now.
       | Interesting to see the differences between Stelo and G7 which are
       | built on the same platform.
       | 
       | Curious if anything is driving the increase in wear time other
       | than battery life savings from reporting back fewer readings.
       | CGM:                   G7 / Stelo       Wear time:             10
       | / 15 days       Time between readings:  5 / 15 minutes
        
         | user_7832 wrote:
         | I seem to remember there was a "trick" with the g6 where you
         | remove and reinsert the transmitter to get it to last longer...
         | I suspect the time estimates are quite conservative.
        
           | thecosas wrote:
           | Yep, I've definitely used my G6 for two sessions using
           | "tricks". It would definitely get wonky towards the end of
           | that time period, but it worked.
        
         | jonlucc wrote:
         | I'm not sure how much I can say; I don't work for a CGM
         | company, but my company is very interested in diabetes. There
         | are non-device reasons you can't use a CGM indefinitely. The
         | site becomes less reliable over time, and it varies from peron
         | to person. I'm not sure if the Stelo has addressed any of
         | those, or if the G7 was overly cautious, or something else, but
         | there are biological things happening at the site that affect
         | the time too.
        
           | thecosas wrote:
           | Ah, that makes sense. I'm certain we'll never "know" but just
           | found it interesting and was curious if people knew other
           | trade-offs they may have been making for increased wear time,
           | especially given that would offer a sharp reduction in cost
           | over time for patients (and their insurance companies, etc).
           | 
           | A 50% increase in wear time is HUGE in my opinion.
        
       | mangoman wrote:
       | I recently had an unusual health event that resulted in me
       | passing out. My wife, who is a physician, thought it might be
       | hypoglycemia, since i'm at high risk for diabetes. She found a
       | super friendly endocrinologist who put me on a CGM for two weeks.
       | I never hit the hypoglycemia range during those two weeks, so it
       | didn't really explain what my issue... but honestly the data was
       | SUPER interesting. Just observing the various spikes made me make
       | healthier choices, or noticing when I was feeling extra tired and
       | seeing if that correlated to not having eaten for little while,
       | or eating something sugary before.
       | 
       | It's sort of like tracking your steps when you first get a smart
       | watch. It may not have been the reason you got the device, but
       | seeing the data, people are encouraged to act on it, even if you
       | don't have an acute issue. since I didn't have a prescription, I
       | couldn't get one here (didn't want to go through some sketch
       | online site). I tried to get one from my family in India, but the
       | prices were really high and they couldn't get the fancier one
       | that tracks straight to your phone, so I didn't get one.
       | 
       | I think this could be a god send for preventing pre-diabetic
       | people who would take preventative steps if it weren't such a
       | pain in the ass to measure consistently.
        
         | lr4444lr wrote:
         | What kinds of food intake/non-intake habits aside from the
         | obvious culprits surprised you?
        
           | rodly wrote:
           | Long-term they will likely make no changes because human
           | desire, habits and behaviors are rarely unknown to us.
           | 
           | The parent comment mentioned feeling tired after consuming
           | something with a lot of sugar, was that really a mystery
           | prior to using CGM? I doubt it.
           | 
           | Sure it's interesting to correlate to your perceived wellness
           | (or lack thereof) with a wearable spitting out data but after
           | the novelty of this discovery wears off my guess is that
           | people will simply stop caring to check what they already
           | know to be the case.
        
             | sxg wrote:
             | > The parent comment mentioned feeling tired after
             | consuming something with a lot of sugar, was that really a
             | mystery prior to using CGM? I doubt it.
             | 
             | They may not have known just how sugary that item was since
             | most people don't bother to calculate the sugar content of
             | everything they consume, but the CGM puts a number on it.
             | That experience could be enough to change the OPs behavior.
             | I agree that most people may not care to make behavioral
             | changes in response to more data, but there are definitely
             | other people who will.
        
             | o_____________o wrote:
             | It's more than intake. It's food order, stress, sleep,
             | context, and so on. Did you eat enough fiber, did you add
             | more fat this time, did you drink the night before? Did you
             | walk afterwards? Unless your life is extremely regimented
             | and uniform, they provide a ton of data.
        
             | dleink wrote:
             | > Long-term they will likely make no changes because human
             | desire, habits and behaviors are rarely unknown to us.
             | 
             | It seems like this thinking leads to desires, habits and
             | behaviors remaining a mystery to us.
        
             | dog_boxer72 wrote:
             | Is it really such a stretch to imagine that maybe some
             | people really don't correlate those things? People aren't
             | research papers, we have multiple cognitive distortions
             | working all the time obfusticating the truth, but tech like
             | this can help bypass them
        
             | jxramos wrote:
             | there is something powerful about the objective outside-of-
             | self confirmation of something because it eliminates the
             | doubt that can be casted as it all being in ones head.
             | External confirmation is enlightening and motivating.
        
             | jeremiahbuckley wrote:
             | My view: I'm busy, I have a lot of things I'm trying to
             | figure out. For example, All of my free time should be
             | spent getting better at AI programming. Seemingly infinite
             | horizon.
             | 
             | I could carefully track a half dozen signals to correlate
             | consumption to effect, but if the effect is "I'm tired and
             | don't have much willpower", that's hard to remember to
             | track. I just haven't built up that habit; heck I'm having
             | a hard time keeping up the habit of light exercise.
             | 
             | I have a cousin who was diagnosed with some stage of
             | diabetes; got a continuous blood sugar monitor; ended up
             | losing a ton of weight. I'm definitely in the market for
             | this--something to make it easier for me. It's undoubtedly
             | healthier for me than mainlining wygovey, which is another
             | option on the table.
        
         | temp_praneshp wrote:
         | The ones on diabetic warehouse don't work well enough
         | (https://www.diabeticwarehouse.org/collections/continuous-
         | glu...? Or is that site sketch for you? I think you can just
         | get one if you are willing to burn $500 (not cheap, but only in
         | the price range of a higher-end smartwatch)
        
           | vlabakje90 wrote:
           | Keep in mind that a single sensor will work for only a week
           | or two, depending on the type. So it's not exactly right to
           | compare the price to a smartwatch.
        
             | temp_praneshp wrote:
             | Ah okay, thanks for telling me that; I thought you keep
             | recharging the battery every week from the description.
        
               | pwthornton wrote:
               | No. They are single-use, and it embeds into your skin
               | with a probe.
        
         | cheriot wrote:
         | Thanks for confirming. Normal feedback on health habits is
         | delayed by months/years and hard to trace back to specific
         | actions so your story makes a lot of sense.
         | 
         | I might have to get over my dislike of needles :|
        
           | mikenew wrote:
           | It's more akin to a finger prick than a needle. Might still
           | be a bit psychologically challenging but I've done it and
           | it's really not bad at all.
        
             | jorvi wrote:
             | I'm not even diabetic but they always pre-check your blood
             | during blood / plasma donating. I would say it doesn't even
             | register as a pinprick and feels more like the percussive
             | slap of a tiny elastic band.
        
               | mikepurvis wrote:
               | Ha, I would say quite the opposite, that the finger prick
               | is my least favourite part of giving blood-- it's ironic
               | that taking a few drops could be that much worse than the
               | big honking needle which draws an entire pint, but I
               | guess fingertips just have a lot of nerve endings.
        
               | RHSeeger wrote:
               | As a diabetic, I've always found that the finger prick
               | for testing my blood hurt more than the insulin needles.
        
               | 0_____0 wrote:
               | Not sure if the blood center people have a protocol for
               | this but in athletic labs you can sample from the earlobe
               | to take blood lactate readings
        
         | jxramos wrote:
         | definitely, catching the "quantified self" bug is a real thing!
        
         | dkarras wrote:
         | how is having low blood sugar a sign of pre-diabetes? I get
         | frequent bouts of hypoglycemia.
        
           | murukesh_s wrote:
           | At some point a person's body may become resistant to insulin
           | and start to need more insulin to have normal functioning
           | (pre-diabetes), sometimes this causes large variation in
           | glucose levels, though not as drastic as taking a medication.
           | Eventually your body would adapt to it when you reach the
           | diabetes phase.
        
           | keymasta wrote:
           | It could be related but I also want to weigh in here and say
           | this. Hypoglycemia can occur with no relation to the other
           | side of diabetic symptoms, i.e, hyperglycemia. In other words
           | there are people who suffer from hypoglycemia without ever
           | getting high blood sugar, and so they are not "diabetic"
           | which would mean you can have issues from both directions.
        
         | bakedoatmeal wrote:
         | What is the connection between being at risk of diabetes and
         | hypoglycemia? Wouldn't a pre-diabetic be very protected from
         | hypoglycemia?
        
           | ijustlovemath wrote:
           | No, diabetes is fundamentally a _lack of ability to control_
           | your blood sugar. This means you get lots of highs but also
           | lots of lows. It 's a common misconception that diabetes just
           | means your blood sugar is always high; rather, your sugar is
           | high because your body no longer controls it actively.
        
             | bakedoatmeal wrote:
             | Diabetes mellitus is an insulin problem- either a lack of
             | insulin (Type 1) or insufficient response to insulin (Type
             | 2). Insulin is responsible for lowering blood glucose. The
             | hormones responsible for raising blood glucose (cortisol,
             | IGF-1, glucagon, epinephrine) still function normally.
             | 
             | My understanding was hypoglycemia only occurs in diabetes
             | in the presence of medications used to lower blood glucose
             | (insulin formulations, sulfonylureas, etc.) and not because
             | of diabetes itself, which when untreated invariably leads
             | to hyperglycemia.
        
               | TylerE wrote:
               | It's not either or, either. Some really unlucky folks end
               | up with a hybrid and have both problems... they don't
               | produce enough insulin or react well to what they do.
        
             | cstrahan wrote:
             | I'm pretty certain you're mistaken here. Diabetes is
             | specifically characterized by elevated blood glucose,
             | either due to pancreas not producing enough insulin _or_
             | your body becoming descensitized to insulin.
             | 
             | You will find that diabetics often _do_ have low blood
             | sugar, but that 's because they overestimate how much
             | insulin they need to inect, causing their blood sugar to go
             | too low. The hypoglycemia in this scenario is not caused by
             | diabetes, but rather a dangerous side effect of the
             | treatment.
             | 
             | OP doesn't have diabetes, and (unless he's abusing insulin
             | for body building purposes) isn't taking insulin. His
             | postprandial hypoglycemia is likely a benign case of
             | "reactive hypoglycemia"
             | (https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
             | conditions/diabetes/expe...).
        
             | beanjuiceII wrote:
             | You don't get lows from diabetes
        
               | pgporada wrote:
               | Are you being pedantic on purpose?
        
           | veryfancy wrote:
           | Wondered this too. Diabetics are at risk for hypoglycemia
           | because of the insulin they take, not the diabetes itself.
           | Maybe metformin for a prediabetic could have this effect?
        
             | TylerE wrote:
             | Nah, even as a full blown diabetic metformin doesn't drive
             | you low. It basically just makes the same amount of
             | (naturally produced) insulin do more, essentially.
        
               | pgporada wrote:
               | even as a full blown type 2 diabetic*
        
           | code_duck wrote:
           | There is something called reactive hypoglycemia.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactive_hypoglycemia
           | 
           | It can occur for various reasons. Personally, I was
           | developing adult onset type 1 (LADA) for a couple of years
           | before I was diagnosed and I had all sorts of effects. While
           | it was of course mainly effects of chronic hyperglycemia and
           | shortage of insulin, I also had some episodes of
           | hypoglycemia. Now that I'm on insulin, I'm very familiar with
           | hypoglycemia resulting from an imbalance of exogenous insulin
           | and carbohydrates. However, I looked back and realized this
           | happened to me a few times before I was on insulin. I recall
           | waking up a few times at night, sweating and shaking, and
           | having a strong urge to consume food. I'd drink some juice or
           | eat chips, feel better in 20-30 minutes and go back to sleep.
           | This occurred after drinking alcohol, which makes sense as
           | alcohol intensifies the effect of insulin and also prevents
           | your body from releasing chemicals which raise your blood
           | glucose level. I didn't think much about it at the time but
           | now I can see it was related to T1 onset.
           | 
           | My understanding is that essentially the body's systems which
           | regulate blood glucose are disrupted. This happens a with
           | type 1 in general - not only problems with the system that
           | produces and releases insulin to lower blood glucose by
           | allowing it into cells, but also the part that does the
           | opposite and release glucose to raise blood glucose levels.
           | Sometimes the glucose-raising system doesn't work at all
           | while other times it's inappropriately in overdrive. The same
           | is true for the insulin releasing/glucose lowering system as
           | it fails.
        
         | necovek wrote:
         | I personally wouldn't mind having the data if a need comes up,
         | but this is simply overtracking for no particular purpose.
         | 
         | Basically, our bodies go through much "turmoil" over the course
         | of any day, and watching over one too many parameters is like
         | getting hooked to TV or a video game.
         | 
         | Generally, medical science can mostly tell you what averages or
         | most common patterns are, so if you do not line up with them
         | and don't understand this, you can get overstressed.
         | 
         | So unless you are really someone who can objectively consider
         | your readings combined with effects you might be seeing, I'd
         | say don't do it.
        
           | necovek wrote:
           | And reading further, there is evidence of people getting
           | worked up about what are not problematic readings in this
           | very thread.
        
             | lynx23 wrote:
             | Watching a heartrate monitor sometimes has the reserve-
             | progress-bar effect. You know the deal. You realize the
             | pump is on a hightened frequency, so you see what your
             | smart watch says. And the more you watch it, the more
             | anxious you get, so the rate stays more or less high.
        
               | bookofjoe wrote:
               | aka "white coat hypertension":
               | https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-
               | blood-pr....
        
           | TylerE wrote:
           | More importantly for life style monitoring A1C is the more
           | important number anyway, and doesn't require wearing
           | anything, just a simple blood test. It's basically a 3 month
           | moving average.
        
             | RHSeeger wrote:
             | At least for a diabetic, A1C is less looked at nowadays.
             | With CGMs, we can lookt to see our time-in-range, highs,
             | lows, and patterns. It's... amazing.
             | 
             | Plus, you can see just how much different types of foods
             | directly impact your blood sugar. For example, white rice
             | and pizza are crazy for raising glucose levels. I knew
             | about pizza, but I had no idea that white rice what quite
             | _that_ bad.
        
               | salad-tycoon wrote:
               | Doesn't have to be white. Rice is how I helped screen my
               | wife for gestational diabetes instead of that awful
               | nukacola sugar slam they make pregnant women do and then
               | check sugars at predetermined times when challenged with
               | 50g rice or 50g sugar.
               | 
               | Anyways, yeah rice is basically the insulin dietary
               | equivalent of sugar.
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | Getting hooked on smooth blood sugar changes sounds like a
           | possible counterweight to what our brains are designed to get
           | hooked on... Oreos.
        
         | cleandreams wrote:
         | I am prediabetic and I have one. It's partly covered by
         | insurance. By the metrics my estimated average glucose has gone
         | down from 129 to 98 or so (normal). I haven't had my HbA1c in
         | awhile.
         | 
         | I think they are amazing. It's been SO HELPFUL. However I don't
         | think it makes sense for normal people. I am on a reddit group
         | for prediabetes and it's not unusual that people who are
         | underweight (anorexic?) and have completely normal metrics come
         | in and post in an utterly freaked out state. These are people
         | who are somewhat compulsive and anxious. I think that if you
         | are normal for blood glucose having access to all this data can
         | make you compulsive and anxious.
         | 
         | However, for me as a prediabetic, it is really useful. It tells
         | you what's going on with your blood sugar in real time with no
         | ideology. In the beginning I was spiking from things that a
         | nutritionist would say was OK. I found whole grains didn't work
         | for me. I was shocked at how much I spiked from oatmeal. What
         | causes blood glucose spikes does not map directly to number of
         | carbs and also every body is different.
         | 
         | After 6 mo of lowered carbs, weight training, and getting down
         | to normal BMI, I can now eat SMALL portions of things like
         | brown rice. My health has improved. It's great. IMHO all
         | prediabetics and diabetics should have one, covered by
         | insurance. It would really improve health and reduce
         | complications.
        
           | TylerE wrote:
           | What's also surprising is what doesn't. I've found for
           | instance, that potatoes, even French fries, don't do a whole
           | lot to mine.
        
           | michaelcampbell wrote:
           | > I was shocked at how much I spiked from oatmeal.
           | 
           | Was it oatmeal, or what you ate oatmeal with (milk,
           | sweetener, etc), or do you know?
        
             | eternauta3k wrote:
             | Also, instant oatmeal / rolled oats / steel cut oats / the
             | whole dang oat?
        
             | pwthornton wrote:
             | The people at Levels, who do continuous glucose monitoring,
             | say that oatmeal is one of the worst offenders.
             | 
             | You really need to spike your oatmeal with fats, protein,
             | and fiber.
             | 
             | I regularly eat steel-cut oats for breakfast. My go-to is
             | steel-cut oats, two tablespoons of Chia seeds mixed in
             | (tons of fat and fiber), and a serving of mixed nuts and
             | berries on top. On the side, I eat four scoops of powdered
             | peanut butter mixed with water. This version of peanut
             | butter is much higher in protein and much lower in fat and
             | calories than normal peanut butter.
             | 
             | Doing all of this can keep the spikes to a reasonable
             | amount (I also eat the powdered peanut butter first). Any
             | kind of oatmeal by itself is bad. Instant oatmeal is worse.
             | Instant oatmeal with all that sugar and stuff thrown in is
             | terrible.
             | 
             | I suspect if you made your oatmeal with milk instead of
             | water, it would help a lot, but I can't do this from being
             | lactose intolerant.
        
           | lawlessone wrote:
           | >However I don't think it makes sense for normal people.
           | 
           | I agree , but if it's anything like gluten free foods, having
           | more people buying that don't need to, might push prices down
           | for you.
        
         | aledalgrande wrote:
         | I actually just got one of these CGMs after listening to Peter
         | Attia's (audio)book Outlive and started monitoring my glucose
         | and experimenting with meals and exercise to see what effects
         | they have. Apart from the weirdness of having something
         | attached to your skin, it's like having another watch and you
         | won't notice after a while. It's pretty cool and a lot more
         | people than just diabetics would benefit from this knowledge.
         | 
         | Like I just learned for example about resistant starches, of
         | which one is cooled potatoes: I ate the exact same dish but the
         | first time, right after cooking, my levels shot up (not
         | abnormally but you should ideally never have spikes, so your
         | body doesn't have to keep pumping insulin), and then the second
         | time, reheated, it was like I didn't eat anything. I was
         | surprised so I researched and found
         | https://www.webmd.com/diet/what-to-know-resistant-starches
         | 
         | Everyone is different so I definitely suggest to try them out
         | for a month and see what gives you spikes in your diet. Then
         | try to get rid of those spikes.
        
           | technological wrote:
           | can you post link to the device which you brought
        
             | mlrtime wrote:
             | Probably a Dexcom G6/G7?
        
             | aledalgrande wrote:
             | I'm using an Abbott Freestyle 2, but any of the available
             | big brands that have an app would work.
        
           | droopyEyelids wrote:
           | You got me real curious about why this is.
           | 
           | I know there are waxy and starchy potatoes that have higher
           | rations of amylopectin vs amylose starch respectively.
           | 
           | One interesting thing is that if you continuously mix an
           | amylopectin potato, it turns into a gooey, ropey substance
           | that we don't use much in western cooking but is how some
           | Chinese mashed potatoes are supposed to be prepared. I wonder
           | if that transformation affects the resistance of the starch.
           | 
           | I also wonder what exactly is making the cooled potato
           | tougher to digest.
        
         | melagonster wrote:
         | Excuse me, this is stupid question. but can't you buy Freestyle
         | Libre?
        
           | TylerE wrote:
           | Yes, but need a prescription.
        
             | melagonster wrote:
             | wow... I am sorry. in my country the condition is reversed.
             | it cheaper than prescription version, so I ask it. good
             | luck bro.
        
               | hackernews1134 wrote:
               | Which county is that please? If you don't mind sharing.
        
               | yurishimo wrote:
               | You can buy them OTC in most of western Europe.
        
         | seesaw wrote:
         | Were you able to find out what may have caused you to pass out
         | ? I had a similar incident with no root cause. But that did set
         | me on the path to become more healthy.
        
       | zxienin wrote:
       | I use Abbott Freestyle Libre 3 and it has been deeply insightful
       | about my progress with T2D. An increase in fasting glucose over
       | 2-3 days tells me I need course correction (more movement, choice
       | of food). I also noticed consistent correlation between bad sleep
       | days and raised glucose levels over the day. Made me internalize
       | how important sleep is.
       | 
       | I believe, next major uptick will come from CGM in wearables like
       | Apple/Samsung watches [1][2]. I hope, even non diabetic folks use
       | it to improve their health.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.macrumors.com/2023/09/14/apple-watch-blood-
       | gluco... [2] https://www.macrumors.com/2024/01/23/samsung-racing-
       | to-beat-...
        
       | thecosas wrote:
       | Just noticed this line in the press release from Dexcom [1]:
       | Stelo will be available for purchase **online** without a
       | prescription starting summer 2024.
       | 
       | I wonder if that means that this will be direct-to-consumer in
       | addition to retail channels (CVS, RiteAid, Amazon, etc).
       | 
       | [1] https://investors.dexcom.com/news/news-details/2024/Stelo-
       | by...
        
       | lhl wrote:
       | I'd highly recommend anyone considering trying one out to give it
       | a pin. I've used a CGM multiple times besides being a great
       | feedback mechanism, it also can give you really interesting
       | insights. Here's one interesting tidbit showing that having an
       | ice cream cone in between an hour-long walk actually caused no
       | postprandial glucose spike compared to an earlier "healthy" meal
       | served with no activity (at a metabolic health conference)
       | https://fediverse.randomfoo.net/notice/Aafczv5LO83OOwXrbU
        
       | daveisfera wrote:
       | I haven't seen price info anywhere, but anyone have info on what
       | that will be?
        
       | metabagel wrote:
       | I put something like this on my cat, because the vet thought she
       | may be pre-diabetic, but stress response can also cause blood
       | sugar to spike, so we needed to see what her blood sugar was like
       | multiple times per day.
       | 
       | The device worked for 5 days until she had managed to dislodge it
       | enough so it wouldn't get a reading. The skin glue lasted another
       | 5 days before the device fell off. Since then, she has had a
       | "crop circle" behind her shoulder where her fur was shaved away,
       | and which is ever so slowly filling in.
       | 
       | Her readings were fine, so we are feeding her low carbohydrate
       | food, because the vet thinks she may become diabetic in the
       | future.
       | 
       | Unfortunately, I had to place the reader device almost directly
       | on the sensor, which was a pain, because my cat likes to hide
       | under the bed. So, I had to squirt her with water to get her out,
       | which was undesirable, but didn't seem to affect the readings.
       | 
       | The device was the Freestyle Libre 2.
       | 
       | https://www.freestyle.abbott/us-en/products/freestyle-libre-...
        
       | mzs wrote:
       | I wonder what the price will be: https://www.dexcom.com/en-
       | us/stelo
        
       | apatheticonion wrote:
       | I currently sticky-tape my Fitbit Inspire 3 to my tricep to get
       | continuous low effort health/sleep tracking.
       | 
       | I used sticky tape as an experiment because there are no arm
       | bands for Fitbit products. That was a year and a half ago and
       | have worn it like that every day since.
       | 
       | I can't wait until trackers can be implanted under the skin,
       | track blood glucose, and improved accuracy.
       | 
       | Let's gooooo
        
       | UI_at_80x24 wrote:
       | It's worth mentioning that in Canada, you do not require a
       | prescription to get a CGM. However only the Abbot Freestyle Libre
       | series is available here. It cost ~$100 and last 2 weeks.
       | 
       | I've found it to be mostly accurate.
       | 
       | Placing it on the back of the arm was always a problem for me, it
       | was constantly getting knocked/pulled, and otherwise disturbed. I
       | had to buy adhesive patches that covered the entire unit. I later
       | discovered that another decent place to apply them in on my chest
       | between my collar-bone and shoulder-joint but lower (towards the
       | nipple). I always had decent reliability/accuracy there. It also
       | hurt less (from the adhesive) then on the back of the arm.
       | 
       | Having a CGM is amazing, and if you have medical coverage that
       | will pay for it then you should get it.
        
         | elevaet wrote:
         | Can you give the elevator pitch on why someone should get one?
        
           | UI_at_80x24 wrote:
           | With a CGM you always can know what your instantaneous,
           | average and trending blood glucose readings are. With a test-
           | strip you know your instantaneous reading are. With a test
           | strip, a pad of paper, a calculator, a calendar, a watch, and
           | a good enough memory to take reading 100+ times a day you can
           | get the same results.
           | 
           | With the test strips, I measured myself AT MOST, 7 times a
           | day. Often just once or twice.
           | 
           | THAT is what makes them worthwhile. It keeps measuring so you
           | don't have to.
           | 
           | One helpful thing that I don't worry about: Low blood sugar
           | alarms. Hypoglycemia is a real concern, and just as serious
           | as hyperglycemia. A CGM will alter you when your sugar gets
           | too high OR too low.
           | 
           | I'm poor. I can't afford a CGM anymore. So I have been going
           | months now without measuring. Because I keep forgetting. A
           | CGM doesn't have that limitation.
           | 
           | I was really hoping that Apple was going to announce a CGM. I
           | avoid the Apple ecosystem, but I would have invested in that.
        
       | cooldevguy wrote:
       | I am diabetic type 2 and I've used the Abbot Freestyle Libre 2
       | for a few years now. You don't need a prescription in Mexico to
       | get it, but it is expensive ($1548 MXN ~= $91 USD). The data you
       | get is pretty interesting but at least on my experience, the
       | difference between readings from the CGM and actual blood test
       | can vary from 10 ~ 40 mg/dL so you have to have that in mind.
       | However it was really helpful to discover that, while I'm pretty
       | active since a few years ago it was troubling for me to wake up
       | on readings over 140 mg/dL which thanks to this turned out to be
       | just that my body does it naturally and my blood sugar spikes
       | while asleep and an hour or so before I wake up, which my
       | endocrinologist just attributes to my body getting ready to work
       | out.
       | 
       | Even as an experiment, I'd say most people should get one just to
       | understand their bodies, and their specific responses to certain
       | foods, once in a while.
        
       | NoPicklez wrote:
       | These are so interesting and not just for diabetics who benefit
       | from them the most.
       | 
       | Top athletes have been using them for exercise to make sure their
       | blood sugar remains in the correct ranges.
       | 
       | But Diabetics are using them to help identify how particular
       | foods impact their blood sugar levels (obviously). The reason
       | being is that whilst some foods might be considered high/low in
       | sugar, each of us reacts differently in how we absorb those foods
       | or drinks. So a bagel you eat might not spike your blood sugar
       | like someone else, or conversely it does. You can then correlate
       | that spike or reduction in blood glucose with how you're feeling
       | throughout the day, how your blood sugar levels impact exercise.
       | 
       | Also it allows you to see how combinations of foods and the order
       | that you eat them in impacts blood sugar. If you eat a chunk of
       | white rice without any fibre you might find it spikes, if you
       | each a bunch of vegetables in the bowl before hand you might find
       | it doesn't rise as high or give you a steadier release of blood
       | sugar.
       | 
       | I'd use one for a few months just to see how foods impact my
       | blood sugar and how I can make different choices. It's one thing
       | to interpret a label, but it's another to see it's impact on your
       | body in real time.
        
       | briandw wrote:
       | I did this for fun using the veri.co service. It was interesting
       | how little my diet immediately affected my blood sugar. Non diet
       | things were much bigger. Do hard exercise -> spike. Take a hot
       | shower -> spike. Fast for 48 hours -> blood sugar still rises in
       | the morning.
       | 
       | Walking was by far the most effective way to keep blood sugar
       | down after a meal.
       | 
       | Most of what I ate didn't cause a problem. However tend avoid
       | sugar and carbs. The worst offender was a PB&J sandwich. That was
       | surprising.
        
         | int_19h wrote:
         | Both peanut butter and jelly have lots of sugar in them. Modern
         | supermarket bread (in US) usually does, as well, and the carbs
         | in it also turn into sugar quite readily right in your mouth.
        
         | eep_social wrote:
         | > hot shower -> spike
         | 
         | Assuming this was a Libre, this is likely reader inaccuracy
         | that does not reflect an actual blood glucose event.
        
           | briandw wrote:
           | That makes sense and I was wondering if it might be related
           | to the device temp. I should have tried putting a hot pack on
           | the sensor to validate.
        
       | jesprenj wrote:
       | For having participated in a study, they installed an Abott
       | FreeStyle Libre 2 sensor on me for 14 days. I could get minute
       | readings, which is not possible with either the hardware reader
       | nor the official app, using the almost entirely FOSS android app
       | Juggluco.
       | 
       | Another FOSS web tool is Nightscout -- it generates reports and
       | live graphs from data gathered from your CGM via for example
       | Juggluco. My instance is at http://sladkor.4a.si. My sensor
       | expired, so there's no more live data.
       | 
       | glucometerutils is an interesting repo for downloading stored
       | data from hardware readers etc. Abott encrypted the Libre 2 USB
       | communication to force users to use their proprietary software,
       | but hackers managed to extract keys.
       | 
       | http://juggluco.nl http://nightscout.github.io
       | https://github.com/glucometers-tech/glucometerutils
       | http://ni.4a.si./anonymous/freestyle-keys/tree/freestyle_key...
        
       | 99112000 wrote:
       | I got some FreeStyle Abotts for anyone who wants to hack away at
       | them. Rumor has it Dexcom is cheaper in bulk than Abotts and they
       | are losing hospitals as customers.
        
       | davidthewatson wrote:
       | I'm happy for those who have been helped by these devices.
       | 
       | The FDA approval is only a revelation to the extent that the
       | hidden truth of the extant prescription CGM market is poor data
       | veracity combined with high catastrophic failure of the devices
       | under manufacturer warranty in some patients.
       | 
       | It's difficult to know for sure the size of the patient cohort
       | impacted here since these numbers are not made public. If the
       | market functioned transparently, this knowledge would be of great
       | benefit to consumers.
       | 
       | Given the proprietary nature of these organizations, and the fact
       | that they spend lots of money on lobbyists and lawyers to
       | maintain the status quo, I'm not expecting this to get better, at
       | least in the United States. This leaves the hope that the EU or
       | elsewhere may be more aggressive in regulation, as they have
       | demonstrated recently around Apple and Google.
       | 
       | LSS: there's a ton of room for competition, cooperation, and
       | innovation in CGM's and their slowly evolving ecosystem of
       | software, smart phones, and smart watches, particularly in open
       | source where hacks frequently work around the proprietary
       | limitations in software, i.e. information devices that have
       | little to do with telling time save for putting a date/time stamp
       | on their event stream which is nowhere near the 5 V's of big data
       | in volume, velocity, or veracity.
       | 
       | The two leaders in the space, Dexcom and Abbott both fail at a
       | high rate with some individuals, such as me. Turns out that at
       | the edges, adipose tissue and its interstitial fluid are a poor
       | proxy to plasma blood glucose in some individuals. This is likely
       | due to fluctuations in the composition of that tissue during
       | times of fasting: exercise and sleep.
       | 
       | Sadly, the price of admission for my family has been high given
       | that no one has slept normally for five years with the screeching
       | alarms nightly at 3 AM, which are not adequately configurable.
       | The design failure here is clearly driven by liability.
       | 
       | It's worth considering that the brain's default mode network
       | (DMN) is impacted by glycemia. This has been demonstrated via an
       | fMRI lab at Harvard via Nicolas Bolo, et al using a small cohort
       | of diabetics.
       | 
       | The leap from there to what families of diabetics have known
       | intuitively for decades may be phenomenological, but it isn't
       | difficult.
       | 
       | Put simply: diabetic mood swings may not give rise to psychosis,
       | but the mood dynamics of glycemia have been clear for almost as
       | long: a spectrum from hypomania or nightmares induced by
       | hypoglycemia to hyper compulsivity or depression induced by
       | hyperglycemia.
       | 
       | I'm not certain that a researcher or clinician like Bolo exists
       | to put data behind these glycemic mood associations, but
       | speculatively, the relationship is clear to me from a subjective
       | metacognition perspective, as someone who's been T1D for ~50
       | years and also has an HbA1c below the diagnostic threshold for
       | T1D and routinely stays functional with accurate plasma BG < 50
       | and shows no signs of cognitive impairment accruing to these
       | brain states after various neurology studies.
       | 
       | It's worth noting that hypoglycemia itself is a dynamic range,
       | not a constant, and is frequently lower for people who have eaten
       | or trained on the ketogenic spectrum, i.e. ultra marathon runners
       | like Zach Bitter.
       | 
       | My experience has been that the feelings associated with
       | hypoglycemia can be paradoxically awful at BG=80 and no problem
       | at BG=40. If you've never eaten a half gallon of ice cream
       | yourself with no signs of obesity, then you may not understand
       | the zen state it takes to overcome this "beyond hunger" that's
       | immediately familiar to any experienced diabetic on earth, while
       | recognizing that that problem does not occur naturally with the
       | disease. It's the result of insulin overdose, carbohydrate under-
       | supply, or both.
       | 
       | FWIW, Microdosing carbohydrate may be key.
       | 
       | I believe the first use of the term in science was actually in
       | glucagon, IIRC, i.e. the need for yet another syringe of glucagon
       | in emergent insulin pumps that would go beyond the current crop
       | of devices that are near autonomy, but may inadvertently overdose
       | or underdose the patient due to the poor veracity of CGM sensors
       | across the board and the hybrid closed loop devices which dose
       | based on CGM which may be demonstrably inaccurate on occasion to
       | the tune of several hundred points off high and low.
       | 
       | I have n-of-1 empirical evidence of this given the fact that I
       | wore several insulin pumps for twenty five years and used
       | multiple CGMs over that time, some concurrently. All were what we
       | call, "shipping the prototype". Fortunately, beyond Therac 25,
       | that was not an option in other medical device markets; certainly
       | not those under FDA oversight.
        
       | henrikberggren wrote:
       | I've been wearing one for 6 years straight and wrote a post back
       | in 2018 when I first got one. As someone who lives with Type 1
       | diabetes its been one of the absolute biggest game changers for
       | my health
       | 
       | https://blog.steady.health/the-wearable-that-changed-my-life...
       | 
       | I also started a company focused on CGMs which was too early and
       | didn't work. Maybe its time to try again? :)
        
       | squirrel6 wrote:
       | I have been doing CGM for 7 months now and the learning has been
       | invaluable. My metrics were never in the danger zone but I feel
       | like I've learned so much about how many different factors play
       | into insulin resistance and have managed to build much healthier
       | habits over time.
        
       | patsplat wrote:
       | I just heard about a related device from a family member who is
       | an endocrinologist.
       | 
       | https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-clea...
       | 
       | First off, he had discomfort with the study methodology. Didn't
       | go into details, but was surprised that the FDA was less
       | conservative than himself in this case.
       | 
       | Secondly, it has been common in his practice for someone to have
       | an unusual event. Someone does something out of the ordinary,
       | they have an unusual circumstances, they don't adjust their
       | treatment, and something goes wrong.
       | 
       | His question was -- does the device have a reset button? Is there
       | a way to restart the management and learning? The answer is no --
       | the device will learn! But there's no way for the patient or the
       | physician to adjust the treatment. So his answer is -- he would
       | never recommend this device, not the way it's currently setup.
       | It's opaque and there's no means for a person to influence the
       | device's learning.
        
         | TylerE wrote:
         | This is just monitoring, not a pump. There is no learning or
         | tuning or dosing. If it's anything like the Freestyle I wore
         | for a while there's a self calibration process that takes a
         | couple hours, but that's per-sensor, and those get changed out
         | every two weeks.
        
           | patsplat wrote:
           | You are correct, I think he was talking about a different
           | device:
           | 
           | https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-
           | clea...
        
             | TylerE wrote:
             | I will point out the obvious tensions between these
             | legitimate concerns and the usual HN "we demand full
             | unfettered access to all the firmware knobs all the time"
             | groupthink.
        
         | xattt wrote:
         | > But there's no way for the patient or the physician to adjust
         | the treatment.
         | 
         | This does not parse. This device is for patients that are
         | managed with oral meds and not insulin. Yes, sulfonylureas
         | carry some risk of hypoglycemia, but not as much as insulin
         | proper and its fast- and slow-acting friends.
         | 
         | If someone is on a pump, they sure as heck will be using
         | prescribed equipment.
        
       | jablongo wrote:
       | This is great news for the healthcare system because it is going
       | to drive down costs for people with diabetes who really need
       | these things. Well done Dexcom!
       | 
       | This OTC model limits the measurements to every 15 mins instead
       | of every 5 for the prescription version; this will limit its
       | ability to be integrated into open source automated insulin
       | delivery systems. Not sure why they made this choice as the
       | hardware looks the same as the Dexcom G7. In theory they could be
       | doing it to increase battery life or allow for cheaper batteries
       | to be used in the consumer version.
        
       | ijustlovemath wrote:
       | Glucose control is my particular area of expertise; if anyone has
       | any questions about it, I'm happy to be a resource!
        
       | arisbe__ wrote:
       | This could lead to a large amount of helpful preliminary signals
       | that eventually pan out into some new knowledge.
        
       | nobrains wrote:
       | A family member uses Abott Freestyle libre 2 CGM and buys it OTC.
       | In UAE.
        
       | AbstractH24 wrote:
       | From what I understand, the next step after this is a device that
       | continuously measures ketones as well.
       | 
       | Very interested in that
        
       | antirez wrote:
       | I'll be that guy to say that if you don't have a diabete problem,
       | you don't need a CGM: here in Italy there is this crazy fashion
       | of wearing one if you are into sports or alike. It's much better
       | to eat clean, check your weight, and don't care about your
       | physiological parameters all the times.
        
       | maxehmookau wrote:
       | I'm gonna go against the grain here and say that I tried a CGM
       | for a few months and found it fairly unhelpful. (I'm not
       | diabetic.)
       | 
       | Yeah, eating stuff that's bad for me caused a blood sugar spike
       | and made me feel crummy. Eating healthier foods did not cause the
       | same spike and I felt better.
       | 
       | I didn't need to spend money to tell me that.
        
       | komposit wrote:
       | My son was diagnosed with diabetes about 4 weeks ago. The first
       | two weeks we were measuring him through fingersticks multiple
       | times daily. Now we have the cgm it has become so much easier to
       | manage his condition.
       | 
       | The interesting thing to observe is to see in real time the
       | metabolic spectrum of the foods we consume. Liquid sugars cause
       | glucose spikes within 6 minutes. Solid carbs 30-120 minutes
       | depending on carb complexity etc. Proteins 3h+. Fats can be six
       | hours or more.
       | 
       | The thing is there are a variety of insulins available, some of
       | which are rapid acting and others act more slowly. So to keep my
       | son in range with multiple daily injections you are playing this
       | game of giving him the right mix of foods where his carb
       | digestion matches the profile of his rapid acting insulin.
       | 
       | Pizza is an interesting case study. It is by far the most carb
       | rich deal we've tried and it is almost impossible to manage. With
       | so many carbs it's hard to get the insulin dosage right, and once
       | he is high, once he is coming down from that the digestion of the
       | fats kicks in and he remains high through the night.
       | 
       | I think it would be a great thing for people to wear even just
       | for a couple of weeks.
        
       | phasetransition wrote:
       | My 3 year old has type 1, and CGM has kept us out of the ER for
       | surprise lows multiple times.
       | 
       | It also has informed family diet change, in the direction of keto
       | practices, that has compressed the baseline to high delta for our
       | son.
       | 
       | It's a relief to know that an OTC product exists as a backstop to
       | our prescription CGMs.
        
       | rapnie wrote:
       | This article reminded me of a recent item on Dutch national news,
       | about an artificial pancreas device for diabetis type 1
       | sufferers.
       | 
       | https://www.dutchnews.nl/2024/03/artificial-pancreas-offers-...
        
       | JoeAltmaier wrote:
       | Some of us can't be trusted with continuous stat reporting. I hit
       | Update on HN often enough. I don't even wear a watch, I kept
       | looking at it every twenty seconds and then realized I still
       | didn't know what time it was, it was just a reflex.
       | 
       | I learned to leave my phone someplace else, upstairs, wherever,
       | just check it a couple times a day. Else I'd go crazy.
       | 
       | I took the speedometer off my bike, I was looking at it more than
       | the road.
       | 
       | So I understand my limits and take steps to keep my self from
       | compulsive behaviors. I guess(?) other people do better and can
       | handle these things.
        
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