[HN Gopher] A Bug in Early Creative Commons Licenses Has Enabled...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       A Bug in Early Creative Commons Licenses Has Enabled Copyleft
       Trolls (2022)
        
       Author : msk-lywenn
       Score  : 260 points
       Date   : 2024-03-05 23:40 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (doctorow.medium.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (doctorow.medium.com)
        
       | woliveirajr wrote:
       | Clever. Since not obeying some item of a CC license implies that
       | you're not covered by such license, "bad guys" might induce
       | someone to infringe the CC and then violate the copyright
        
         | yau8edq12i wrote:
         | That is indeed the point that the article makes.
        
           | bbarnett wrote:
           | Seems a weird thing to level at CC licensing. You could
           | entrap via a million different things, such scams are as old
           | as the hills.
        
             | blowski wrote:
             | And yet. Why invent new scummy ways of making money if the
             | old ones still work?
        
             | noirscape wrote:
             | Well in this case, Doctorow is one of the drafters of the
             | CC license, so he's effectively criticizing what he sees as
             | an abuse of his own creation here.
             | 
             | Which he is rightfully doing - CC4.0 adds the "forced grace
             | period" you find in a lot of other licenses, where there's
             | basically a period of time between being in breach of the
             | license and when the license gets revoked. Usually the way
             | thats defined is that you have something like 30 days to
             | "cure" the mistake once you're notified. Only after those
             | 30 days do you lose the rights granted by the license
             | itself.
             | 
             | It specifically exists to avoid this kind of copyright
             | trolling, where a lawyer uses the complicated demands in
             | the text of the license to make a mess of the intent behind
             | it. The actual viability of that type of trolling is
             | questionable (German courts threw it out for example), but
             | the threat of legal fees can be too costly for most so it
             | works as an extortion mechanism.
             | 
             | (The main notable variant of this is in pre-3.0 versions of
             | the GPL, where the 30 days would start the moment you
             | breached the license rather than being notified. 3.0 fixed
             | that and I've seen people who prefer GPL2.0 often modify
             | this term in specific to be more like GPL3.0 so they can
             | avoid the headache.)
        
               | notpushkin wrote:
               | See also: GPL Cooperation Commitment
               | https://gplcc.github.io/gplcc/
        
       | htyden wrote:
       | Alternative location: https://pluralistic.net/2022/01/24/a-bug-
       | in-early-creative-c...
        
         | MaxBarraclough wrote:
         | Thanks, that's much better than Medium.
        
       | pxeger1 wrote:
       | Talk about burying the lede:
       | 
       | > The original version of the CC license stated that the license
       | would "terminate automatically upon any breach." That meant that
       | if you failed to live up to the license terms in any substantial
       | way, you were no longer a licensed user of the copyrighted work.
       | Any uses you had made of that work were no longer permitted under
       | the license, so unless you had another basis for using it (for
       | example, if your use qualified as "fair use"), then you were now
       | infringing copyright. Recall that "willful" copyright
       | infringement carries a statutory penalty of $150,000. [Copyleft
       | trolls say:] we'll find people who made minor errors in their use
       | of your Creative Commons works, and then send them a speculative
       | invoice for a "license," on threat of a copyright lawsuit that
       | could run them $150 grand plus legal fees.
        
         | orlp wrote:
         | Has it ever been successfully argued in a court of law that
         | forgetting a minor detail of the CC license counts as
         | "willfully infringement"?
        
           | Tomte wrote:
           | There have been rulings in Germany (I can find only one),
           | that minor omissions when generally crediting the
           | photographer, do not lead to damages: https://sos-
           | recht.de/abmahnung/news/kein-schadensersatz-vero...
        
           | bbarnett wrote:
           | An invalidated license may not be that, I don't know, but
           | once the license is clearly terminated, any use of that work
           | would then be wilful.
           | 
           | So if you have a bluray movie for sale, you'd have to pull
           | copies, and reissue edited without the image. Art would have
           | to be taken off the walls. Logos rebranded.
           | 
           | Otherwise it would be wilful.
           | 
           | And I believe it is per infringement?
        
           | AnthonyMouse wrote:
           | This often doesn't matter. What they're looking for is
           | something to sue you for that isn't so blatantly absurd it
           | would get their lawyers disbarred for making the claim, not
           | something they can necessarily win on the merits.
           | 
           | Then they go to you and say hey, it'll cost you this many
           | thousand dollars to hire a lawyer and defend against this
           | lawsuit in court -- even if you win. Or, you can just pay a
           | fraction of that right now and it will all go away.
        
             | bdw5204 wrote:
             | That's ultimately why the loser of a civil case should be
             | on the hook for all attorneys fees and court costs. I'd
             | actually go further and argue that a plaintiff who
             | initiates a frivolous lawsuit should have to pay damages to
             | the victim for the losses caused by having to defend such a
             | case.
             | 
             | See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_rule_(attorney%2
             | 7s_fee... (this name is deceptive as it is basically the
             | "every western democracy except the USA" rule)
        
               | kmeisthax wrote:
               | Copyright in the US has an option for fee shifting.
               | Usually it's loser pays, and there's limits on how much
               | can be shifted, but there was a case where a zealously
               | litigious photographer wound up being on the hook for the
               | _loser 's_ attorney's fees because the loser had offered
               | to settle the case for a reasonable amount early on, but
               | the photographer thought they could get more money, which
               | they didn't.
        
       | mgaunard wrote:
       | I hate articles that go on and on about some story before finally
       | explaining what's in the title.
        
         | MalphasWats wrote:
         | You're complaining about a Writer writing?
        
           | mgaunard wrote:
           | I'm complaining about clickbait.
        
             | croes wrote:
             | If the article fits the title and isn't just to draw clicks
             | it's not clickbait.
             | 
             | To be overly verbose is neither.
        
             | KingMob wrote:
             | A light introduction that then segues into background
             | material on a complicated legal topic is not clickbait.
        
               | mgaunard wrote:
               | The actual content I would expect is the following 3
               | points.
               | 
               | 1. What the old clause of the license was 2. What kind of
               | unintended side effect it had 3. What the new clause
               | addressing this is
               | 
               | Summing up those 3 points results in a clear paragraph of
               | maybe 5 to 10 lines. Meanwhile I challenge anyone who
               | hasn't read it to extract that content from the article
               | in less than 15 minutes.
        
               | jamincan wrote:
               | The article delivers what it promises. While it may not
               | be concise, that doesn't make it clickbait.
        
         | zulban wrote:
         | The article was packed with interesting legal details. If you
         | don't like it you can just downvote and move on.
        
           | Timwi wrote:
           | Or, hear me out, people seeing this constructive feedback
           | here could take it to heart and do better next time.
        
             | KingMob wrote:
             | Cory Doctorow is an established and prolific author of over
             | 20 years. Pretty sure he's not changing his writing style
             | for people with short attention spans who mislabel things
             | as clickbait.
        
             | sdenton4 wrote:
             | I feel that people who go on and on about 'clickbait'
             | simply don't like reading... Feed the article to GPT if all
             | you want is a bulleted list of points. Or just skim!
        
       | Karliss wrote:
       | I wonder does making a minor mistake in attribution really count
       | as "wilful infringement"? As a layman, I would expect that any
       | reasonable attempts to comply with license requirements should
       | indicate that infringement was accidental. Sure, if it's a large
       | company whose legal advisor instructs do x to avoid maximum
       | penalty, with intention to infringe the copyright, that should
       | probably still count as wilful infringement.
        
         | toyg wrote:
         | Spirit-of-the-law practice means most honest judges would
         | quickly throw out this sort of technicality-based argument,
         | particularly in the anglosphere.
         | 
         | Sadly, depending on the specific country it happens in, a
         | defendant might still have to pay significant legal fees just
         | to reach a point where the judge can tell trolls to go away.
         | And that's where the business model kicks in: the trolls will
         | offer to go away on their own if defendant pays them
         | $LikelyLegalFees / 2, making it cheaper than the alternative.
         | 
         | It's like the Kevin Bridges bus-stop joke:
         | https://youtu.be/8W_k7ybGBDg
        
           | EasyMark wrote:
           | THe US Federal 5th Circuit Court of Appeals would like to
           | have a word with you. Particularly the past decade or so they
           | have been truly awful when considering cases; ignoring
           | precedence, common sense, democracy, and practicality
           | whenever possible.
        
             | toyg wrote:
             | That's why I said "most honest judges", perfection is not
             | of this world. I reckon that even just the fact that you're
             | familiar with _one specific set_ of people for being
             | awkward, indicates that the overwhelming majority of other
             | judges _are not_ - otherwise the US 5th Circuit wouldn 't
             | even register, you'd just assume everyone does it.
        
           | shp0ngle wrote:
           | I don't think the troll actually intends to sue, though. You
           | might be fine just ignoring them.
           | 
           | (I am not a lawyer, this is not a legal advice.)
        
             | toyg wrote:
             | Absolutely, but it's not a certainty - after all, this scum
             | is still made of law professionals, who file paperwork for
             | a living. They know you know there is a slight risk they
             | might be serious, and try to exploit it.
        
           | kwhitefoot wrote:
           | > Spirit-of-the-law practice means most honest judges would
           | quickly throw out this sort of technicality-based argument,
           | particularly in the anglosphere.
           | 
           | The intent of the law is a big part of what courts deal with
           | in Roman law/civil law countries too. In Norway statutes are
           | typically fairly general leaving precision to preparatory
           | works, Supreme Court precedent, administrative regulations
           | and the courts. So the spirit and intent of the law is
           | certainly a big thing in at least some non-Anglosphere legal
           | systems.
           | 
           | See https://www.advokatforeningen.no/en/features-of-the-
           | norwegia...
           | 
           | And the Anglosphere is hardly uniform in this respect, in
           | particular in recent decades there has been a proliferation
           | of detailed strict liability laws in England which restrict
           | the courts abilities to interpret the law.
        
         | iinnPP wrote:
         | Your example would still prove to be intent if those facts were
         | provable.
         | 
         | There's a concept known as "willful blindness" (at least in
         | Canada) that covers what I believe you wanted as an example.
         | 
         | Not a lawyer.
        
         | freejazz wrote:
         | In copyright, reckless behavior can satisfy the willfulness
         | requirements.
        
       | arcastroe wrote:
       | The original email sent from Pixsy contained the following text,
       | which the author ignored by publishing the email in entirety.
       | 
       | > PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL. This e-mail, its contents, and
       | attachments are private and confidential and is intended for the
       | recipient only. Any disclosure, copying or unauthorized use of
       | such information is prohibited.
       | 
       | Can someone with knowledge comment on this practice? Are these
       | just empty words? Or is it legally enforceable to send an email
       | and forbid "copying" or publishing/disclosing the contents?
        
         | colde wrote:
         | That likely depends on where you are and what the content
         | actually is. In Denmark where i am located, it would definitely
         | not apply in most cases. Of course, if you are a lawyer
         | communicating with your client it would be protected, but that
         | would be the case even without the disclaimer.
        
         | reaperman wrote:
         | > Are these just empty words?
         | 
         | Yes. Without some kind of existing contract in place, they're
         | meaningless.
         | 
         | > Or is it legally enforceable to send an email and forbid
         | "copying" or publishing/disclosing the contents?
         | 
         | Only in extremely rare circumstances. It can be legally useful
         | to put a note saying "Hey, this email contains trade secrets.
         | If it was accidentally sent to you, you might want to think
         | twice about further disseminating or selling these trade
         | secrets." But the case law on this is quite weak, and putting
         | the disclaimer on every email even if they don't contain trade
         | secrets may be counter-productive by diluting the claim even in
         | cases where it actually would apply. It's debatable but many
         | legal scholars would assume similarly for a disclaimer on every
         | single email saying "This is attorney-client privileged."
         | unless _maybe_ your business is a law firm.
        
           | jasonjayr wrote:
           | In the USA, this law exists for physical mail:
           | 
           | https://about.usps.com/publications/pub300a/pub300a_v04_revi.
           | ..
           | 
           | I'm not sure that it has been applied to email, but that
           | would make for some very interesting cases. (Is Intellectual
           | Property merchandise? Rights assigned to the content of the
           | message?)
        
         | zulban wrote:
         | To add to what reaperman said about no existing contract: I
         | can't just send a random stranger an email saying "you agree to
         | give me 50$". There is no existing legal relationship to make
         | that claim.
         | 
         | IANAL. However I find that with law, you can just imagine how
         | sociopaths would abuse a system. If you don't see that
         | happening, then that's not how the system works.
        
         | imron wrote:
         | Unfortunately for them Cory Doctorow's email signature is:
         | 
         | > READ CAREFULLY. By reading this email, you agree, on behalf
         | of your employer, to release me from all obligations and
         | waivers arising from any and all NON-NEGOTIATED agreements,
         | licenses, terms-of-service, shrinkwrap, clickwrap, browsewrap,
         | confidentiality, non-disclosure, non-compete and acceptable use
         | policies ("BOGUS AGREEMENTS") that I have entered into with
         | your employer, its partners, licensors, agents and assigns, in
         | perpetuity, without prejudice to my ongoing rights and
         | privileges. You further represent that you have the authority
         | to release me from any BOGUS AGREEMENTS on behalf of your
         | employer.
         | 
         | So if such signatures are enforceable then his signature is
         | too, which nullifies the whole thing.
        
           | okwhateverdude wrote:
           | This signature is hilarious. It is the moral equivalent of
           | "I'm rubber, you're glue..."
        
           | dspillett wrote:
           | I may have to tweak my disclaimer in that direction too.
           | Anywhere I deliberately list my contact details I always try
           | to include text the effect that "Please note that any
           | communication sent to these addresses/numbers will be
           | accepted as a gift which I own and condo with anything I
           | please, including but not limited to publicly publishing it
           | and ridiculing you for my amusement should I feel the need or
           | the want. If you are uncomfortable with this, feel free to
           | refrain from contacting me. If you wish to negotiate some
           | form of non-disclosure agreement, drop me a message stating
           | just that, and I will ask my legal adviser to send you the
           | relevant schedule of charges for the time that will require.
           | Simply assuming such an agreement is in place, or
           | unilaterally declaring one, in an email footer or elsewhere,
           | is not sufficient.".
        
           | denton-scratch wrote:
           | > By reading this email, you agree
           | 
           | I'd assume that's unenforceable. You agree something by
           | agreeing it, not just by reading the text of the agreement.
           | How can you agree something you haven't yet finished reading?
        
             | sdenton4 wrote:
             | See also: Every T&C page ever published.
        
             | imron wrote:
             | 100% agree - and that's the whole point.
             | 
             | Anyone arguing that it is invalid and unenforceable is
             | arguing to invalidate their own, equally unenforceable
             | 'private and confidential' note at the bottom of their
             | original emails.
             | 
             | Heads I win, tails you lose.
        
         | sidewndr46 wrote:
         | I once got an email that had a disclaimer informing me I could
         | not make decisions based off its contents. Even if I was the
         | intended recipient
        
         | anon373839 wrote:
         | > Are these just empty words? Or is it legally enforceable
         | 
         | Neither. The purpose of this language isn't to bind the
         | recipient; it's to guard against claims that the sender waived
         | privilege.
         | 
         | > "inadvertent disclosure" of privileged material does not
         | operate as a waiver so long as (i) the privilege holder took
         | "reasonable steps to prevent disclosure"; and (ii) the
         | privilege holder took "reasonable steps to rectify the error."
         | 
         | https://www.americanbar.org/groups/business_law/resources/bu...
        
         | nkrisc wrote:
         | Not a lawyer but it doesn't look like any legal claim to me.
         | They're just telling you what they prohibit. I prohibit you
         | from saying "balderdash", but if you still do there's not much
         | I can do about it but stomp and pout.
        
         | denton-scratch wrote:
         | > Are these just empty words?
         | 
         | If you send me an unsolicited email, you can't bind me legally
         | by appending a stack of demands and requirements. Much the same
         | would apply to printed correspondence sent by post. I am not
         | bound by your demands unless I have signed a contract with you
         | to that effect. Random lawyers can't impose conditions on me
         | just by writing to me.
         | 
         | So yes, they're empty words, like a lot of what lawyers write.
         | 
         | /me not a lawyer.
        
       | labster wrote:
       | (2022)
       | 
       | It's been two years since this was published, has it become a
       | widespread problem? I haven't heard about copyleft trolls before
       | so perhaps not?
        
         | est wrote:
         | and most importantly, has CC corrected that bug?
        
           | trashburger wrote:
           | According to TFA, upgrading to CC 4.0 closes this loophole.
        
         | klez wrote:
         | > It's been two years since this was published
         | 
         | And so many links are already dead. Linkrot is so quick
         | sometimes.
        
       | ghaff wrote:
       | Photography in particular is frustratingly easy to get wrong.
       | Even if someone tries to be careful, there are a number of
       | conditions that I'm guessing aren't met to the letter a lot of
       | the time. Furthermore, when things like presentation slides are
       | being reused and modified, attributions get separated from
       | photographs _all the time_.
       | 
       | Finally that doesn't even get into CC-non-commercial which no one
       | can agree what it means and that Creative Commons itself punted
       | on defining in the latest license iteration.
        
         | wolrah wrote:
         | > Photography in particular is frustratingly easy to get wrong.
         | 
         | Not directly relevant but this reminded me of an article I
         | probably saw linked here a few years ago where two
         | photographers took nearly identical photos and people on the
         | internet accused both of them of stealing the other's work.
         | 
         | https://www.dpreview.com/articles/7338941576/how-two-photogr...
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | I think I may have seen that at the time.
           | 
           | In terms of writing, someone I know was mildly miffed years
           | back that I had taken an observation from one of his columns
           | and used it for my own. A mutual acquaintance pointed out
           | that my column had actually appeared first :-)
        
       | a_gnostic wrote:
       | I'm a fan of the old BIPCOT (1) Licence. Let's see them discuss
       | that in a ministerial setting...
       | 
       | 1. https://bipcot.org/
        
       | elicksaur wrote:
       | The Pixsy website pretty clearly gives a California address as a
       | business location. Was this info sent to the CA Bar? If an
       | attorney is really not involved, that could be practicing law
       | without a license.
        
         | prerok wrote:
         | Yeah, "XXXXX and YYYYY have also abused our trust. Terribly
         | sorry for the inconvenience."
         | 
         | Snark aside, I fully agree, the company should be held
         | accountable. I just don't know how much if they just "sent an
         | email". I mean, this is gross :(
        
       | xbar wrote:
       | A "bug" is a very generous term for how severely punitive CC 1.x,
       | 2.x and 3.x were.
       | 
       | It was flatly bad and wrong and did exactly the opposite of what
       | it was promised to do--permit rights holders to let users share
       | their work and attribute it. It tricked people into a legal trap
       | of minutiae and put users at risk.
       | 
       | It was broken for nearly two decades.
        
         | lolc wrote:
         | Yes "error" or "mistake" fits better than "bug". That's a
         | general problem with the term though.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | I originally thought bug was a strange term, but I could see
           | how/why it might have been chosen.
           | 
           | An error or mistake that results in
           | incorrect/undesired/unforeseen results not caught by the
           | compiler. s/compiler/(lawyer|judge)/
        
             | prerok wrote:
             | I actually find "bug" to be the most apt name for it. Their
             | intent was to enable a feature, therefore writing it this
             | way was not an error: it, however, did not take into
             | account all the side-effects.
             | 
             | They did err on the side of caution, to protect the
             | contributor, but when doing so, they did not take into
             | account that it might be abused as well.
             | 
             | Just my two cents.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | At what point do you differentiate a bug from a design
               | flaw? This reads like different devs were provided
               | conflicting requirements that had no discussion between
               | devs. It wasn't until after the branches were merged that
               | the problem existed as the unit tests from each dev
               | worked as expected.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | > minutiae
         | 
         | This is sort of my general issue with Creative Commons.
         | 
         | First, it's not just about attribution as the term would be
         | understood in many other contexts.
         | 
         | And then you have the Chinese menu of no-commercial and no-
         | derivatives to encourage people who might otherwise hesitate to
         | use CC to do so. But then those terms are ill-defined and
         | people widely disagree on them.
        
       | mannykannot wrote:
       | The first notice Cory received claimed to be a second notice, and
       | he assumes he missed the first one, but I'm wondering if this was
       | deliberate mischaracterization (by the sender) of what was
       | actually a first notice, either in an attempt to establish that
       | the recipient was willfully continuing the violation after a
       | first notice, or in an attempt to induce the recipient to come to
       | this conclusion themselves.
       | 
       | For all I know, the law has effective sanctions against this
       | practice, but I imagine there are ways of sending a first notice
       | in a way that make it unlikely to be received - a typo in the
       | address, or perhaps an email crafted so as to likely be
       | classified as spam.
        
         | kmeisthax wrote:
         | "This is the second notice that your car warranty has expired"
         | but more threatening
        
       | CraigRo wrote:
       | Clearly the next thing is to robosign grievances against lawyers.
        
       | AlienRobot wrote:
       | One thing I wonder about CC is whether you have to include
       | attribution and license in the same page the work is embedded.
       | It's common sense that this would be the case, but in Wikipedia,
       | for example, CC works don't actually have attribution in the page
       | they're shown, you have to click on them to see the attribution.
       | 
       | I wish this was clarified. Like, why is Wikipedia allowed to do
       | this? Is it because they're thumbnails?
        
       | datadrivenangel wrote:
       | "Another bunch went even further: they uploaded gay porn to the
       | Pirate Bay, but labeled it as if it were top-40 music
       | collections, then demanded huge payouts in exchange for not
       | filing lawsuits that would permanently link their victims' names
       | with extremely explicit gay porn video titles in online
       | searches."
       | 
       | Wow this is such an amazing and unethical scam. What do you do in
       | a situation like this?
        
         | sandworm101 wrote:
         | >> What do you do in a situation like this?
         | 
         | Make sure that when you are downloading or uploading anything,
         | and I mean _anything_ from the internet that you do it though
         | VPNs or other services that place some barrier between you and
         | copyright trolls. You don 't need NSA-levels of security to
         | avoid the trolls, just enough of a barrier that their automated
         | tools cannot see you so easily.
         | 
         | If you run a website, generate all your own content. Don't use
         | stock photos. FYI, film and TV have been dealing with the same
         | issue for decades. It is normal on a film/TV set for there to
         | be zero tolerance for anything that might be subject to
         | copyright. Any painting on a wall will either be blurred or the
         | film will commission a new painting. That is a healthy policy
         | for any website: if you want a little drawing of a mouse, pay
         | someone to create one for you. Don't pay 5$ for a stock image
         | that may or may not be appropriately licensed.
        
           | jstarfish wrote:
           | You missed the actual threat.
           | 
           | Troll files _bad faith_ lawsuit on behalf of Falcon Ltd.
           | claiming S. Andworm infringed upon their copyright on
           | multiple gay porn titles uploaded to TorrentSite. This stuff
           | gets picked up by sites scraping dockets and resold as
           | "background check" services.
           | 
           | You are now falsely associated with this content in an
           | authoritative context. The suit will obviously fail but until
           | then people will see a lawsuit was filed against you and by
           | who. The scam works because nobody questions the legitimacy
           | or sees it through to resolution.
           | 
           | "Fake and gay" has never described something so aptly.
           | 
           | There isn't much you can do about bad faith claims. Claimants
           | either face no consequence for false reporting or are able to
           | plausibly deny it.
        
         | peteradio wrote:
         | Stay away from the top-40s.
        
         | kmeisthax wrote:
         | Don't use P2P.
         | 
         | That includes PeerTube and other decentralized video platforms,
         | at least not without turning off WebRTC swarming.
         | 
         | The reason why this scam works is:
         | 
         | - The defamatory nature of the content in question (which can't
         | be fixed by law). In other words, a lot of people don't want it
         | people thinking they watch gay porn
         | 
         | - The up-to-$150k-per-infringement statutory damages authorized
         | by the Digital Theft Deterrence and Copyright Damages
         | Improvement Act of 1999, which just barely makes copyright
         | litigation a profitable enterprise
         | 
         | - Inherent privacy vulnerabilities caused by P2P communications
         | in a public swarm - i.e. the ability for anyone to obtain
         | evidentiary proof that you downloaded the copyrighted fake gay
         | porn
         | 
         | All of these factors are integral to the scam and it would fall
         | apart if any one of them were removed. Take away the stigma
         | regarding gay porn and nobody would settle. Take away the
         | statutory damages and downloaders are only liable for the cost
         | of a copy, if that, making copyright litigation against curious
         | individuals completely unprofitable. And if the scammers hosted
         | the content themselves (to get IP addresses), anyone could
         | easily use historical DNS archival records to prove that the
         | scammers hosted the content. If a copyright owner deliberately
         | uploads their own content, the downloaders have an implied
         | license to download it.
         | 
         | Or at least you could argue that as a credible legal defense.
         | Remember that these scammers are only barely profitable because
         | they encourage people to settle quickly. A lot of them would
         | drop the case immediately if you even bothered to file a motion
         | to dismiss. For this reason, the scammers would lie under
         | penalty of perjury about the uploads being unauthorized, and
         | once they got discovered they wound up going to jail for lying
         | their ass off.
        
         | bdowling wrote:
         | > What do you do in a situation like this?
         | 
         | If you are one of the attorneys in that case, then you are
         | found guilty of fraud and extortion, are sent to jail, are
         | disbarred from the practice of law, and are forced to repay all
         | of your proceeds from your scheme.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenda_Law
        
         | mock-possum wrote:
         | Call their bluff. It's just porn, they'll look a lot worse for
         | throwing a hissy fit over scamming and blackmailing you than
         | you will for allegedly watching gay porn. Scamming attempts
         | over the internet is a well-known phenomenon- no one's going to
         | hold it against you if someone _attempts_ to blackmail you, and
         | you refuse to let them.
        
         | busterarm wrote:
         | It's actually worse than described. One of the details of this
         | never really made it into the lawsuit, but in my computer
         | support business I encountered customers who were victims of
         | this scam at the time.
         | 
         | They didn't just upload gay porn in torrents, they
         | intentionally infected those downloads with ransomware that
         | would hold your whole computer hostage with legal threats
         | demanding that you call the lawfirm and pay anywhere between
         | $150,000 and $400,000. With the threatened alternative of
         | releasing your name in public.
         | 
         | I personally witnessed this about three times. They were
         | absolute bastards.
        
       | chmod775 wrote:
       | > However, Titan Media's lawyer Gill Sperlein told TorrentFreak
       | that this is absolutely not the case.
       | 
       | > "This is not a scheme to make money. My clients are hurt
       | immensely by copyright infringement and they are not going to
       | make it worse by actually distributing their works on these
       | networks," he told us.
       | 
       | Yeah. Right. I guess mysterious strangers keep uploading that
       | porn disguised as something else for no good reason. How did they
       | find it themselves if it is mislabeled?
       | 
       | Even if they didn't upload it themselves, going after people who
       | clearly did not mean to download gay porn and trying to shame
       | them into submission is absolutely despicable leech-like behavior
       | deserving of every bit of contempt. I do not understand how these
       | people are able to exist in society. If it was _my own father_
       | doing that, we 'd have a falling out.
        
         | chmod775 wrote:
         | Forgot some context: I was commenting on a torrentfreak article
         | (2011) that is linked in this article.
         | 
         | https://torrentfreak.com/u-s-p2p-lawsuit-shows-signs-of-a-pi...
        
       | Groxx wrote:
       | So... I'm somewhere between "yes obviously CC is intending to
       | facilitate reuse" and "yes obviously people who choose it often
       | do so because they see others choosing it and don't read the fine
       | details" and also "the majority of uses are probably acceptable
       | by the creators"...
       | 
       | ... and: if you wanted to _just allow reuse_ we have a
       | fantastically well-tread license for that - Public Domain. CC
       | requires attribution.
       | 
       |  _That means it requires attribution_. Among other things. That
       | is arguably the main point of CC over Public Domain.
       | 
       | So this is kinda working as intended? There are obviously literal
       | malicious trolls (manipulative, or following the law but
       | intentionally targeting the most vulnerable rather than the main
       | violators), but the amount of companies flagrantly violating
       | these licenses is _extreme_ and I don 't feel any sympathy for
       | them. Grabbing images off Google without researching their
       | license is a fast track to getting sued, and it should be. That's
       | the crux of any "don't steal from artists" and "exposure is not
       | payment" argument.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | The thing is that attribution as the term is normally used is
         | insufficient. As Cory notes, all the CC licenses, except for
         | CC0, actually require:
         | 
         | Name the creator (either as identified on the work, or as noted
         | in instructions to downstream users)
         | 
         | Provide a URL for the work (either as identified on the work,
         | or as noted in instructions to downstream users)
         | 
         | Name the license
         | 
         | Provide a URL for the license
         | 
         | Note whether the work has been modified
         | 
         | So a very normal photo credit like "CC photo by John Smith" is
         | actually not appropriate Creative Commons attribution.
        
           | Groxx wrote:
           | Which goes right back to "yes, _but_... ".
           | 
           | There's an enormous pattern of "it's okay to use X if I say
           | it's not mine" both individually and commercially and it's
           | _not okay_. The whole point of these licenses is to have a
           | lever to turn that around and enforce payment, to try to keep
           | the ecosystem as a whole healthy so individuals can live off
           | it. Commercial entities that don 't hard-require every image
           | posted to their blog to be either new or come from e.g. Getty
           | are willingly playing fast and loose and hoping they don't
           | get sued.
           | 
           |  _Not-for-profit individuals_ (e.g. personal blog posts)
           | making an attempt at attribution: yeah I think the _vast_
           | majority are entirely fine with that, but would lightly
           | prefer _accurate_ attribution, and targeting them is a troll
           | act.
           | 
           | Is that a majority of violators and CC creators? ... I don't
           | know. Possibly? Should trolls be targeting them? Heck no.
           | Does the 30 day grace period allow companies to willingly
           | violate this and only fix it after they've made their profit
           | and have nothing to lose, and the creator nothing to gain?
           | Yes absolutely.
           | 
           | If you actually don't care about attribution, distribute
           | under Public Domain and _ask_ for attribution when you think
           | it 's worthwhile. Many will likely say yes - I've seen loads
           | of public domain images used with attribution. People _like_
           | public domain contributions.
           | 
           | If you _do_ care, legal teeth are kinda required, and
           | choosing CC means explicitly choosing legal teeth.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | >The whole point of these licenses is to have a lever to
             | turn that around and enforce payment, to try to keep the
             | ecosystem as a whole healthy so individuals can live off
             | it.
             | 
             | I mostly disagree. As I recall early discussions, it was
             | more rooted in enabling remix culture while ensuring
             | creatives received appropriate credit.
             | 
             | If direct monetization is the main consideration, I don't
             | know why you'd use Creative Commons at all.
        
               | Groxx wrote:
               | That remix culture is definitely what it turned into and
               | possibly what it was intended for and tons of that is a
               | great success... but then why have violation terms at
               | all? Seems like that "remix, please attribute" is just
               | signaling intent, and then there's no need for a license
               | dictating how violations are handled. It'd just be public
               | domain with an unofficial request tacked on.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | I should probably clarify that I think a lot of these are
               | coming from people who want to do more of their art, and
               | that requires money, and many of them have been tricked
               | into exposure rather than payment and that leads to them
               | _not_ doing more art because they 're too busy with other
               | stuff that _does_ pay so they can live. It 's a time bomb
               | that isn't generally recognized until it explodes, and it
               | almost always does, and then they care _deeply_ and go
               | looking for legal teeth.
               | 
               | Exposure can be great. It's _overwhelmingly_ exploited by
               | companies that are capable of paying but choose not to.
               | Changing that is why licenses have terms like this,
               | otherwise what 's the point of the license? Make it
               | Public Domain.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | >tricked into exposure rather than payment
               | 
               | Fully agree.
               | 
               | In a prior stint as an IT industry analyst, we eventually
               | started a non-paywall blog and (rarely) did free
               | appearances at industry conferences. But people tried to
               | get us to do free stuff _all the time_ for the
               | "exposure."
               | 
               | Especially starting out it can be really tempting. But
               | you have to really keep it in check if you're running a
               | business.
               | 
               | >Seems like that "remix, please attribute" is just
               | signaling intent, and then there's no need for a license
               | dictating how violations are handled.
               | 
               | Viewed from the distance of 20ish years the CC licenses
               | (other than CC0) look way too complicated. And it's not
               | like CC works are routinely credited, even if
               | imperfectly, anyway. It's not even clear to me that the
               | MIT license couldn't just have been used (or extended)
               | for non-code use.
        
         | pdonis wrote:
         | _> if you wanted to just allow reuse we have a fantastically
         | well-tread license for that - Public Domain_
         | 
         | Public Domain isn't a license. It's a problematic legal
         | concept. It's not clear whether you actually _can_ place
         | something into the public domain if it isn 't in there
         | automatically (for example being published pre-1922). Sure, you
         | can _say_ "I place this work in the public domain", but will
         | that actually have the legal effect you want? Basically you are
         | saying you relinquish ownership of the work, but if you don't
         | own it, you can't claim to control what other people do with it
         | --including _claiming ownership_ of it under other legal
         | concepts, such as the concept of  "abandoned property"--if you
         | find something lying around and nobody else claims ownership of
         | it, _you_ can.  "Public Domain" gives no shield whatever
         | against such shenanigans.
        
           | Groxx wrote:
           | > _Public Domain isn 't a license. It's a problematic legal
           | concept. ..._
           | 
           | Fair. I'll keep that in mind and try to find details for the
           | future :)
           | 
           | > _[Under public domain] you can 't claim to control what
           | other people do with it_
           | 
           | Which is exactly what CC without actual legal threats
           | achieves, yes. Which is why I say people _do_ care, so making
           | it toothless seems to defeat the point.
           | 
           | As far as I'm aware, the rest of that (mostly ownership) is
           | covered by copyright, which is applied by default if you say
           | nothing.
           | 
           | So: saying nothing and distributing it however you like
           | already achieves _more_ than CC-without-teeth because you can
           | already sue people for using it or claiming it as theirs, and
           | just choose not to.
           | 
           | Which is why this whole change feels self-defeating to me.
        
             | pdonis wrote:
             | _> copyright, which is applied by default if you say
             | nothing_
             | 
             | But does not allow reuse. So it's irrelevant to a
             | discussion of what to do if you _do_ want to allow reuse.
             | 
             |  _> you can already sue people for using it or claiming it
             | as theirs, and just choose not to_
             | 
             | But that puts anyone who wants to reuse your content in
             | good faith at the mercy of your whim about whether or not
             | to sue them. That is not a good basis for facilitating
             | reuse.
             | 
             |  _> this whole change feels self-defeating to me_
             | 
             | Meaning, fixing the attribution clauses in CC so that
             | people have a reasonable time to cure violations before the
             | $150K lawsuit threat? I don't see how that makes CC
             | licenses any more or less "toothless" than they were
             | before. It increases the difficulty of copyleft trolling,
             | which was what it was intended to do. Yes, it means a 30
             | day delay after you give notice before you can sue someone
             | for violating your license--but anyone who fixes the
             | violation within 30 days of you giving them notice is not
             | someone you want to sue anyway, because they're a good
             | faith user.
             | 
             | If we're talking about individuals or small businesses,
             | what makes _any_ license toothless in our current legal
             | environment is the cost of a lawsuit. If you 're an
             | individual or small business and large corporation X reuses
             | your content without meeting the terms of your license,
             | whether it's the original CC or the current one, and
             | refuses to fix the violation (presumably because it would
             | be bad for their business), you're basically SOL anyway:
             | you will run out of money to keep a lawsuit going long
             | before corporation X runs out of legal devices to delay or
             | obstruct you. No amount of rejiggering of a license is
             | going to change that. Nor, for that matter, will not giving
             | any license and relying on copyright law: you're still in
             | the same position.
        
       | zengid wrote:
       | TIL that Hal Abelson, nerd-famous for the programming book
       | _Structure_and_Interpretation_of_Computer_Programs_ (SICP), was
       | involved in creating Creative Commons. Amazing achievements!
        
       | hbrav wrote:
       | A lawyer I know once pointed out that a good first step one
       | receipt of anything like this is to reply with "Please provide me
       | with the full name and address of your counsel so I may know to
       | whom I should address subsequent correspondence."
       | 
       | If you do not receive an answer, you are not dealing with someone
       | who is serious about taking you to court.
       | 
       | If you do receive an answer, you should immediately check whether
       | that person is actually licensed to practice law (you can usually
       | check online). If not, report to the relevant bar association
       | that [name] is presenting themselves as licensed to practice law
       | (don't be spooky, send the full details to the bar association).
       | 
       | Only if you are put in contact with an actual lawyer should you
       | waste any energy thinking about this further.
        
         | mhuffman wrote:
         | >"Please provide me with the full name and address of your
         | counsel so I may know to whom I should address subsequent
         | correspondence."
         | 
         | >If not, report to the relevant bar association that [name] is
         | presenting themselves as licensed to practice law (don't be
         | spooky, send the full details to the bar association).
         | 
         | In the US, at least, are people not allowed to represent
         | themselves as their own counsel?
        
           | malcolmgreaves wrote:
           | In the US, you cannot say that you are an attorney if you are
           | not actually an attorney. Doing so is a crime: fraud. This is
           | important, because if you're paying money to someone to be
           | your attorney, it's important that they actually know what
           | they're doing :)
           | 
           | In the US, to be an attorney, one needs to pass the state's
           | bar in the relevant area of law that one would practice.
           | 
           | > In the US, at least, are people not allowed to represent
           | themselves as their own counsel?
           | 
           | Sure they can. But they can't say "I'm an attorney." That's
           | what OP is getting at.
           | 
           | For more context -- In the US, anyone can sue anyone for any
           | reason. However, that doesn't mean it's going to be a valid
           | or even successful suit. Except in small claims court,
           | representing yourself in a legal situation is an absolutely
           | terrible idea. Not only will you most certainly loose the
           | suit for not following the proper legal procedures (pesky
           | things like having an actual legal argument, presenting valid
           | evidence, citing relevant laws and case precedents,
           | understanding the opposing counsel's legal argument,
           | evidence, citations, etc.) you could easily get yourself into
           | a situation where you'd be wasting so much time and resources
           | by fucking up that you could be slapped with a fine yourself!
           | Or, let's say you're in court, have no idea what you're
           | doing, and get so frustrated you start becoming unreasonable
           | -- contempt of court, put into jail until you calm down.
           | 
           | tl;dr You can't say you're an attorney if you're not one,
           | that's a crime (fraud). If you interact with the legal system
           | without an attorney, you're going to get screwed. :)
        
             | mhuffman wrote:
             | >"Please provide me with the full name and address of your
             | counsel so I may know to whom I should address subsequent
             | correspondence."
             | 
             | All true of course. However, that is not how I read it. It
             | said put me in touch with your counsel. If their answer is
             | "I am my own counsel" then your take is that this is a
             | crime?
             | 
             | Of course, I understand if they say "I am an attorney" and
             | they are not. But that is not what is being said. It reads
             | like a grimy way for a bigger business to try to "trap"
             | people without as many resources.
        
         | dkjaudyeqooe wrote:
         | And if they are start preparing to represent yourself and how
         | to write a submission to request summary judgement on the basis
         | that you are now in compliance having been made aware of your
         | technical non-compliance.
        
       | atomicfiredoll wrote:
       | For anybody that didn't read the whole article, I'll point
       | attention to this section at the end:
       | 
       | "It could get much, much worse. Rightsholder groups are backing a
       | Copyright Office plan to make this kind of robosigning into law,
       | forcing all online platforms to institute filters that
       | automatically remove materials that an algorithm finds to be
       | infringing, without human oversight or judgement."
       | 
       | Here's a link to that document in the Federal Register [0].
       | Public comments apparently closed on Feb. 8th, but it may be
       | worth keeping an eye on.
       | 
       | [0]
       | https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/12/22/2021-27...
        
       | melagonster wrote:
       | >Like, I've repeated emailed the contact address for "Fintech
       | Zoom" to request that they fix the attribution on this photo and
       | all I get is crickets.
        
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