[HN Gopher] Ancient Counterfeiters and Their Fake Coins
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       Ancient Counterfeiters and Their Fake Coins
        
       Author : goles
       Score  : 39 points
       Date   : 2024-03-05 16:53 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (coinweek.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (coinweek.com)
        
       | kylebenzle wrote:
       | Article says they would make cuts in the coins to tell if they
       | were counterfeit and that "greatly reduces their value to
       | collectors" but wouldn't that be cool to have an ancient cut and
       | verified coin? Seems they would be more rare and more valuable.
        
         | BlueTemplar wrote:
         | Genuine fake coin vs fake genuine coin.
        
           | pavel_lishin wrote:
           | The article even mentions fake fake coins - modern-day fakes
           | made to look like ancient fakes!
        
         | nwiswell wrote:
         | > Seems they would be more rare and more valuable.
         | 
         | They are not. There are many, many, many cut coins, and often
         | the cuts are "disfiguring" which will typically harm the "eye
         | appeal" of the coin.
         | 
         | Cutting coins was common practice of the time, and if a coin
         | passed through many different hands, it was basically
         | inevitable it would end up cut.
         | 
         | It's kind of like seeing writing on cash... Most people don't
         | write on their money, but enough people handle it that it's
         | going to happen.
         | 
         | The most valuable coins typically sat in hoards, uncirculated,
         | since circulation would itself wear on the coin and reduce the
         | grade. I agree that seems a little backward, since it's not
         | nearly as interesting to imagine the "life" of a pristine coin,
         | but it is what it is.
        
           | dfxm12 wrote:
           | _I agree that seems a little backward, since it 's not nearly
           | as interesting to imagine the "life" of a pristine coin, but
           | it is what it is._
           | 
           | These things don't have intrinsic value. They're worth what
           | collectors think they're worth. I'd be happy if I'm
           | interested in collecting something that is
           | unpopular/inexpensive. Now, if anyone really cares, like if
           | someone has their own hoard of defaced genuine coins, they
           | can try to hype them up in normal ways, write editorials in
           | trade mags, talk at coin shows, or, most likely get
           | numismatics influencers to hype them up, etc.
        
             | suzakus wrote:
             | The challenge is that cut coins are far more common than
             | uncut and pristine coins as well (edit: on certain types) -
             | scarcity drives demand
        
             | nemo wrote:
             | The aesthetics really matter with these coins, the Ancient
             | Greek coins held to a fairly high standard of art and
             | collectors often see the nicer Greek coins as ancient art
             | objects are much as coins. The portrait of Athena and the
             | stylization of the owl on the Athenian tetradrachma are
             | part of why people like them, nicely struck examples with
             | centered art and no wear are the most expensive.
             | 
             | The ancient tests didn't just chop into the edges like the
             | article mentioned, but cut gashes into Athena's face, into
             | the owl, and often both with several severe gashes marring
             | the coin, significantly reducing their value as an ancient
             | art object.
        
       | roshin wrote:
       | slightly related, but I've always wondered, why don't criminal
       | governments (N Korea, Taliban, ...) make a professional US dollar
       | forgery factory (or another currency, if some other kind is easy
       | to forge)? It seems to me like a very profitable business.
        
         | TinyRick wrote:
         | North Korea already does that:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superdollar#North_Korea
        
         | realce wrote:
         | Two sources that you might find interesting:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superdollar
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_Hour_2
         | 
         | :)
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | North Korea is known to be a widespread user of high-quality
         | counterfeit US currency ("superdollars") and widely suspected
         | (and there are defectors who have supported this and described
         | details of different parts of the operation, though their
         | remains some uncertainty about the accounts) of being a major
         | producer of such counterfeits.
         | 
         | OTOH, high quality counterfeits are expensive and there is
         | _lots_ of energy directed at identifying counterfeits and, once
         | identified, dealing with the production and distribution (and
         | even if you are a state actor that thinks your production is
         | safe from outside retaliation, the channels you use to benefit
         | from it in interaction with the outside world are generally
         | not), so a literal unlicensed money printing operation is not
         | as much of a metaphorical license to print money as it might
         | naively seem.
        
           | sandworm101 wrote:
           | There are also only a handful of companies that sell the
           | equipment for producing real currency. They only do business
           | with governments. North Korea has a government and its own
           | currency. They are perfectly capable turning those legitimate
           | tools to the generation of other currencies.
        
             | smokel wrote:
             | European bank notes contain a little Europium, a rare-earth
             | element.
             | 
             | Ironically, large deposits of minerals that contain it are
             | found in China, the US, and Russia.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europium
        
         | PepperdineG wrote:
         | During WWII the Germans had Operation Bernhard, which was very
         | interesting. It was run out of a concentration camp and
         | operated by jewish prisoners. It was a money printing machine
         | for the Germans.
        
         | bruce511 wrote:
         | A) they do, but B) cash doesn't scale terribly well. Think a
         | million $ in cash is cool? How do you spend it?
         | 
         | You can't really take it to a bank. You can buy a cheap banger
         | (car), but forget wandering into a dealership and dropping 25k
         | in cash. (Apart from anything else, they'd be worried the cash
         | was stolen or counterfeit.)
         | 
         | Travelling with it is risky. Flying especially. And in the US
         | there's the danger of confiscation by the police. Everywhere
         | else there's confiscation by the public as well.
         | 
         | You can't buy a house. Certainly no shares or most other
         | assets. Hotels, maybe, depending ion the hotel. Nothing too
         | fancy.
         | 
         | Groceries sure. Day to day expenses, sure. Just no Amazon.
         | 
         | Like I say, cash just doesn't scale well (despite what you see
         | in the movies.)
        
           | IncreasePosts wrote:
           | You don't give millions to one person, you give $30k to
           | 15,000 agents around the world, and that's one percent of
           | your GDP right there.
        
             | pvg wrote:
             | You probably don't have 15000 'agents' that need $30k in
             | cash and you expose every single one of them to an
             | unnecessary risk if they get caught with fake money.
             | Somewhat similar case:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollow_Nickel_Case
        
           | sandworm101 wrote:
           | >> but forget wandering into a dealership and dropping 25k in
           | cash.
           | 
           | Motorcycles. Work at a motorcycle dealership and you will see
           | customers with cash for a 10 to 25k$ motorcycle. Also, in the
           | middle east it is normal to spend cash on even large items. A
           | Saudi millionaire wanting to buy a car with $200,000 of cash
           | is not unusual.
        
             | taway_6PplYu5 wrote:
             | yes, and transactions over a sum much less than 200K
             | require AML/KYC paperwork.
        
           | Eisenstein wrote:
           | If you were dealing in a constant supply of cash you would
           | have front organizations setup to launder it. A bunch of
           | small businesses that normally do a lot of cash sales, then
           | you get to deposit it in a bank (and pay taxes on it) like
           | any other business.
        
       | sandworm101 wrote:
       | >> Many surviving owls bear such test cuts, which greatly reduce
       | their value to collectors. Some counterfeit owls, even with
       | noticeably deficient weight, managed to survive intact and be
       | collectable today -- a 12.44 gram example sold for $300 in a
       | recent auction.
       | 
       | Collectors be damned. I would rather own a coin with a history. A
       | ancient coin with a test cut, or even an outright forgery, is
       | more interesting than any pure and clean coin. I also like the
       | old coins with the punctures, the ones that were clearly worn as
       | a necklace. A coin that was around the neck of a real person
       | walking around ancient Rome is way more interesting than one sat
       | gathering dust in a vault.
        
         | nemo wrote:
         | I'm a collector with a few fourrees and a few other ancient
         | counterfeits, they often are a bit cheaper and so long as
         | they're still decent to look at they've just got added interest
         | to me. I've got other ancient forgeries too, I collect ancient
         | fakes since they're interesting.
         | 
         | My Athenian owl doesn't have test cuts since I'd rather have
         | one that's prettier to look at, but if I could get my hands on
         | an ancient forgery of an Athenian tetradrachma with a forged
         | test cut then I'd be interested. Those exist, the
         | counterfeiters escalating to fake marks of authenticity was
         | inevitable, and those have a fun enough story that the fact
         | that they're ugly wouldn't bother me so much, but in general I
         | prefer more attractive examples that I like to look at. The
         | test cuts were definitely not all on the side, lots of
         | circulated coins are severely marred with 1 or more face gashes
         | or owl gashes which is why they're not desired.
        
       | mjhay wrote:
       | > It appears that many ancient counterfeiters used "fire gilding"
       | to apply the coating.
       | 
       | > Mercury readily forms a very soft alloy (called an "amalgam",
       | it has the consistency of butter) with gold or silver. This was
       | smeared evenly over the surface of the base metal core, which was
       | then heated in a furnace to drive off the mercury as a vapor,
       | leaving the precious metal firmly bound to the surface. An
       | example is a gold plated quinarius of Augustus, described by the
       | cataloguer as "amusing," that sold for $254 in a recent auction.
       | 
       | I didn't know that was around back then. Fire gilding is as bad
       | as it sounds. I'm sure they were somewhat aware of the health
       | effects of mercury as they were with lead. This process would
       | absolutely destroy the brains of anybody doing it consistently,
       | but I guess that was worth the risk (and counterfeiting would
       | usually have been a capital crime anyway).
        
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       (page generated 2024-03-05 23:00 UTC)