[HN Gopher] Apple reverses course on death of Progressive Web Ap...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Apple reverses course on death of Progressive Web Apps in EU
        
       Author : astlouis44
       Score  : 449 points
       Date   : 2024-03-01 16:48 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (appleinsider.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (appleinsider.com)
        
       | brycewray wrote:
       | > For support, the Progressive Web Apps will still need to be
       | built on WebKit, with all that entails.
       | 
       | Here we go...
        
         | jagged-chisel wrote:
         | Not a fan of that wording. I'm going to build a PWA, and I'm
         | going to serve it from web server. What it _runs_ on is
         | determined by the user and /or their device.
        
         | jansan wrote:
         | What does that even mean? Isn't a PWA just a webpage with some
         | Javascript? How can that be built on WebKit only?
        
           | the_mungler wrote:
           | A PWA usually makes use of a few features, most commonly push
           | notifications, local storage, and install to home screen. The
           | last one allows a web app to open as if it's a standalone
           | native app, basically only a web view with no nav bar.
           | 
           | It's these features that Apple is restricting to webkit.
        
             | jansan wrote:
             | Ok, thanks. But aren't all browsers webkit based on iOS
             | anyway? Is this about other browsers or also about Chrome
             | on MacOS?
        
       | elevatedastalt wrote:
       | The fact that this could be so easily reversed probably provides
       | evidence in favor of the argument that this was a purely punitive
       | move by Apple as a way of throwing a tantrum against DMA.
       | Somewhat akin to an abusive spouse saying "See! You _made_ me hit
       | you!"
       | 
       | If this sort of behavior doesn't ring alarm bells in the minds of
       | the regulators I don't know what will.
        
         | dagmx wrote:
         | Why would you assume that it's malicious and not just the
         | result of getting further clarification from lawyers on both
         | ends?
         | 
         | The DMA isn't an exact set of steps to follow. A lot is left to
         | interpretation
        
           | RicoElectrico wrote:
           | Steve Jobs was legendarily spiteful and petty. They just
           | carry over the tradition.
        
           | arccy wrote:
           | they didn't need to remove a capability they already had, so
           | any lawyer clarification would be on if they would be
           | punished for being anticompetitive by removing the capability
        
             | dmitrygr wrote:
             | So..you've never written software with a lawyer standing
             | over your shoulder?
             | 
             | Very often legal requirements lead to removal of features
             | that cannot easily comply rather than expansion of the
             | feature to comply. Removal is less rick.
        
             | dwaite wrote:
             | Except they have had to do this multiple times (although
             | usually patents).
             | 
             | Examples include portions of AirPrint functionality on
             | macOS, Bootcamp suspend/resume, and FaceTime peer-to-peer.
             | The latter being the reason that Apple did not open up
             | FaceTime as a broader industry initiative.
             | 
             | In the US we currently have Apple Watch being sold without
             | access to the blood oxygen feature due to an import
             | restriction.
             | 
             | There are also restrictions on showing certain maps in
             | certain countries, as well as whether or not the Taiwan
             | flag emoji displays in China.
        
           | elevatedastalt wrote:
           | I won't say it is malicious. But I won't give Apple a pass
           | either.
           | 
           | Ultimately, the truth is that a company like Apple doesn't
           | want to deal with DMA. Their whole services business model
           | (whether it be the App Store monopoly or the iMessage
           | monopoly) relies on behavior that is counter to DMA.
           | 
           | It's also clear from their seething press releases about the
           | DMA that they don't want to mince words about how much they
           | don't like it or don't want to do it.
           | 
           | It's always easy for them to give a vague privacy / security
           | argument to justify whatever benefits their monopolistic
           | control. It's no different from the "Think of the children!"
           | style of reasoning that politicians use to get what they
           | want.
           | 
           | I think it's important for users to keep calling them out at
           | every opportunity so they don't get away with it.
        
             | dagmx wrote:
             | Get away with what though?
             | 
             | You're the one who's ascribing maliciousness to their
             | actions. But you don't have that backed up by anything
             | concrete other than your subjective perception.
             | 
             | From what they've written they removed it initially to keep
             | all browsers equal, which is what the DMA implies is
             | necessary.
             | 
             | They now brought it back with only WebKit support.
             | 
             | It's completely logical that their lawyers worked with the
             | EU to clear this exception.
             | 
             | People here ascribe too much in the way of human emotion to
             | corporations.
             | 
             | If they were really trying to kill PWAs they'd have done it
             | everywhere. If they were really trying to stick it to the
             | DMA, PWAs are such an insignificant feature to do it with.
             | 
             | What are the percentage of people who'd be so
             | inconvenienced that the PWA would open in a browser tab
             | instead of a pseudo browser instance?
        
         | lolinder wrote:
         | Given that reversing course here means "Home Screen web apps
         | continue to be built directly on WebKit", this pivot doesn't
         | actually contradict their claim that safely supporting PWAs
         | from other engines was too much engineering work.
         | 
         | My hunch is that the initial change may have been performative,
         | but it was likely performative for the EU regulators and not
         | the customers. This pivot presumably means that the EU has now
         | okayed browser engine lock in for PWAs.
        
           | elevatedastalt wrote:
           | That's a good point
        
           | masklinn wrote:
           | > My hunch is that the initial change may have been
           | performative, but it was likely performative for the EU
           | regulators and not the customers.
           | 
           | Funny I was thinking the exact opposite: they floated it in
           | case PWA removal got people to complain about the EU.
        
         | TheGlav wrote:
         | > So easily reversed
         | 
         | Yeah. It is easy to reverse committing an "if" statement.
        
         | ankit219 wrote:
         | This is not a reversal. They are allowing PWAs built on webkit,
         | not other browser engines. Their argument was that they cannot
         | reliably make sure that installing a webapp on other browser
         | engines is secure. And that they do not have a way to do so
         | reliably before the deadline, and other important things (with
         | more uses)take priority. On Webkit, they already did it ages
         | ago.
         | 
         | In a few months, once we see newer browser engines on iOS, we
         | will see calls that it is unfair Apple allows for one kind of
         | web apps (on their own browser engine) but not others and that
         | is self-preferencing.
        
           | smoldesu wrote:
           | > we will see calls that it is unfair Apple allows for one
           | kind of web apps (on their own browser engine) but not others
           | and that is self-preferencing.
           | 
           | We have been seeing people say that for years. And mostly,
           | they've been right; Apple's treatment of WebKit and Safari
           | was anti-PWA for years. Even today, Apple has zero
           | competitors who could meaningfully encourage them to adopt
           | new PWA features or change Safari on iPhone.
        
             | bevekspldnw wrote:
             | Exactly, the Safari team has been openly hostile to PWA for
             | a decade.
        
           | bevekspldnw wrote:
           | And yet you can run any browser engine on MacOS and the world
           | hasn't ended. This is a cash grab, it's not about security
           | and I don't understand why people keep repeating that.
        
             | dwaite wrote:
             | MacOS and iOS have different security architectures and
             | different UX.
        
               | sircastor wrote:
               | And they have different attack surfaces and
               | vulnerabilities. In the abstract, our phones are (for
               | better or worse) far more critical to our lives than our
               | laptops. They go with us everywhere, they're increasingly
               | our keys for various physical and digital access. They're
               | off-board brains and backup. Generally speaking, I would
               | say a compromised phone puts the average person in a
               | worse situation than a compromised laptop.
        
               | fsflover wrote:
               | So why can't I benefit from a strong, secure
               | virtualization on my phone, like I do with Qubes OS?
        
               | bevekspldnw wrote:
               | Fine, but where's the evidence alternate browser engines
               | are such a massive security risk? I see none, but I see
               | many billions of dollars Apple is making from applying a
               | 30% tax on any app I buy. And to be clear, consumers pay
               | that 30%, developers pass it on.
        
               | whywhywhywhy wrote:
               | Let's stop pretending any of it makes sense. Why are Mac
               | app devs not charged the "Technology Fee".
        
               | bevekspldnw wrote:
               | It's NextSTEP all the way down
        
             | graftak wrote:
             | MacBook has 100wh battery, iPhone has 12wh. Chrome is
             | notoriously inefficient, easy 2x more battery drain over
             | Safari.
        
               | albert180 wrote:
               | Source: Trust me bro, I've just made it up
        
               | mpweiher wrote:
               | Running an inefficient app is the user's choice, not
               | Apple's.
        
               | Terretta wrote:
               | There's no legitimate choice without education.
               | 
               | The consumer would switch their PWA default engine in one
               | of the half dozen "you have to agree to continue" buttons
               | when Edge and Chrome install themselves and demand every
               | privacy and security toggle be turned off (as Microsoft
               | Teams demands when you try to run it in Safari*), and
               | then all PWAs would be insecure and monitored by the
               | adtech engines.
               | 
               | This weird idea to force Apple to have OS viewports use a
               | foreign engine would not be 99.9% of users' real choice
               | at all, just like the users who installed Avast anti-
               | virus didn't choose to have all their browsing sold to
               | adtech, or the users who chose "Private Browsing" in
               | Chrome didn't choose to have Google recording that
               | activity to the user's profile.
               | 
               | * Note: Because Teams is actually "just" a skin on many
               | different services and the Apple+CloudFlare private
               | browsing confuse the coupling.
        
               | seszett wrote:
               | > _The consumer would switch their PWA default engine in
               | one of the half dozen "you have to agree to continue"
               | buttons when Edge and Chrome install themselves and
               | demand every privacy and security toggle be turned off
               | (as Microsoft Teams demands when you try to run it in
               | Safari_), and then all PWAs would be insecure and
               | monitored by the adtech engines.*
               | 
               | I suggest Apple takes inspiration from Android then,
               | since that doesn't happen on Android. Maybe Android's
               | security model is better.
        
               | bevekspldnw wrote:
               | This is solely about Apple getting a cut of App Store
               | sales. They've been in cahoots with Google for years, as
               | evidenced by the recent DoJ monopoly trial - "privacy"
               | and "security" are marketing terms at Apple. Nothing
               | more.
        
               | smoldesu wrote:
               | > This weird idea to force Apple to have OS viewports use
               | a foreign engine
               | 
               | That is not what people are saying. Nobody cares that
               | MacOS renders half its content using WebKit on Mac. Same
               | goes for iOS - people _do_ care that they can 't use a
               | PWA in their browser of choice. It's anticompetitive
               | blockage that will be inevitably brought-up when the
               | compliance deadline rolls around.
               | 
               | > would not be 99.9% of users' real choice at all
               | 
               | No reasonable person can claim that. Alternative browser
               | engines aren't even allowed yet, you don't know that.
               | 
               | > just like the users who installed Avast anti-virus
               | didn't choose to have all their browsing sold to adtech,
               | or the users who chose "Private Browsing" in Chrome
               | didn't choose to have Google recording that activity to
               | the user's profile.
               | 
               | Or the people who left notifications on and got their
               | iPhone information slurped up by the NSA. Pobody's
               | nerfect, right? Get the strawmen out of here before they
               | start a fire.
        
             | Terretta wrote:
             | On MacOS, there are sandboxed apps, and not-sandboxed apps.
             | 
             | iOS never had a not-sandboxed option.
        
               | seszett wrote:
               | Wouldn't that make it safer to allow any app or rendering
               | engine on iOS than on macOS then?
               | 
               | It seems like an argument against what Apple is claiming.
        
           | mort96 wrote:
           | It's 100% a reversal. Their previous statement was: "we will
           | remove PWA support". Their new statement: "we won't remove
           | PWA support, we will keep PWAs as they were in 17.3".
        
         | treffer wrote:
         | Regulatory worried?
         | 
         | The EU stated they will investigate this. And somehow Apple
         | decides less than a week later that the feature will return.
         | 
         | Looks like regulators should not be worried about Apple
         | complying in the medium term.
         | 
         | DMA has a catch-all: any circumvention can lead to penalties.
         | You can try to play games like this, but it will just lead to
         | fines.
         | 
         | I would expect a few more U-turns, especially on the fee
         | structure.
        
           | bevekspldnw wrote:
           | I think they'll keep pushing their luck but it's not in a
           | vacuum - Microsoft, Google, and Meta have been dealing with
           | EU regulators a lot longer and on a much deeper level. They
           | will see Apple's missteps and use that towards their own
           | benefit by gaming the refs.
           | 
           | Ironically, Microsoft now has a fairly good argument that
           | Apple is abusing its OS control to stifle competition in web
           | browsers. What a world!
           | 
           | Apple is playing checkers, Brad Smith is playing chess.
        
         | xyst wrote:
         | Users have been abused for a decade now. It's normalized.
         | Unfortunately, not much competition in this space.
         | 
         | OSS has potential to disrupt but needs a significant mover to
         | patch it all together. And $$$ to motivate. Then there's the
         | hardware aspect.
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | IMO it would be better to avoid the language of spousal abuse
         | and physical violence when describing what are actually dry
         | business decisions. It kind of cheapens the real physical harm
         | befalls vulnerable people.
        
       | Apreche wrote:
       | Apple: You can have it our way, or you can have it our way.
        
         | smoldesu wrote:
         | I hope the commissioners write Apple another scary letter.
        
           | turquoisevar wrote:
           | Who do you think gave their blessing for PWAs to run on
           | WebKit only?
           | 
           | https://9to5mac.com/2024/02/26/apple-blocking-web-apps/
        
             | smoldesu wrote:
             | Beats me, it's their funeral.
        
           | albert180 wrote:
           | I hope they bonk them with a huge fine, for their bullshit
           | compliance with the App Store. A few percent of global
           | turnover will hurt badly
        
       | granzymes wrote:
       | > For support, the Progressive Web Apps will still need to be
       | built on WebKit, with all that entails.
       | 
       | I wonder if there was some sort of back channeling with the EU to
       | determine that "actually this is fine, we don't care about
       | rendering engine competition for PWAs, WebKit-only is better than
       | removing them."
       | 
       | The law ultimately only requires changes to features the EU cares
       | about.
        
         | smoldesu wrote:
         | I doubt there was back-channeling - Apple is seeing how
         | liberally they can interpret this act. They tried doing the
         | same thing when they threatened to use MFi on USB-C, up until
         | an EU Comissioner threatened to boot them from the market.
         | Plus, making per-company agreements would kinda render the
         | entire "point" of the Digital Market Act moot.
         | 
         | Apple knows exactly what the DMA wants from them, they're just
         | deathly terrified of handing it over.
        
           | Zak wrote:
           | I think terrified is the wrong take here.
           | 
           | Apple could fully comply with the letter _and_ spirit of the
           | DMA and remain profitable in the EU, but they would be _less_
           | profitable. They probably have a very good estimate of how
           | much less profitable, and they 're doing their best to
           | minimize the impact.
        
             | smoldesu wrote:
             | The fear of low-profitability is what drives that behavior,
             | though. You're right that the DMA/DSA threatens Apple's
             | bottom line, but as long as Apple continues to sell iPhone
             | hardware in Europe then they should be turning a profit on
             | hardware margins alone. Apple wants the control at any
             | cost, and it's going to encourage more countries to draft
             | even stronger legislation.
        
               | Zak wrote:
               | I'm surprised the EU appears to be letting them get away
               | with charging a fee for apps installed outside the app
               | store.
        
               | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
               | They haven't hit the deadline yet, lobby your national
               | and EU representatives if you want rid of this.
        
               | threeseed wrote:
               | Most companies e.g. Unreal charge a fee for using their
               | SDKs.
               | 
               | The idea that you would be forced to give it away for
               | nothing would be a pretty extraordinary and unworkable
               | intervention in the market.
        
               | Zak wrote:
               | They can charge licensing fees for their SDKs, but the
               | "core technology fee" is not structured that way. As
               | currently structured, it would apply even to an app
               | written from scratch in ARM assembly language (not that a
               | reasonable person would build an iPhone app that way).
        
               | threeseed wrote:
               | CLI apps are not supported on iOS.
               | 
               | So at some point you have to interact with Apple SDKs.
        
               | Zak wrote:
               | Making system/library calls to display something on the
               | screen does not necessarily require the use of an SDK
               | either; it _might_ require quite a bit of reverse
               | engineering work. As far as I understand copyright, that
               | doesn 't involve copying/distributing the library code
               | and wouldn't be legally encumbered unless there's a
               | patent covering it.
        
               | justinclift wrote:
               | The fee kills any real world possibility of an OSS App
               | Store though.
               | 
               | 1 million downloads for an app sounds like a lot for a
               | paid app.
               | 
               | But on the desktop, popular OSS software packages do
               | those kind of numbers in well under a year. There's no
               | reason to believe OSS mobile apps on iPhone would be any
               | different.
        
               | threeseed wrote:
               | Non-profit organisations are exempt from the core
               | technology fee.
        
               | justinclift wrote:
               | Cool, that _might_ make it workable then. :)
        
               | kmeisthax wrote:
               | Unreal is a game engine, iOS is an operating system.
               | 
               | In almost every other case application software is not
               | considered to be a derivative work of the operating
               | system it runs on. If this wasn't the case, then Apple
               | could have easily sued Cydia and AltStore for offering
               | the equivalent of iOS fanfiction. Hell, even the
               | Copyright Office was perfectly fine with adding a DMCA
               | 1201 exemption for jailbreaking iPhones to install non-
               | Apple software on them - and they're _extremely_
               | tightfisted with those.
               | 
               | The reasons why this is different is very simple: you
               | don't distribute Apple's SDK along with your application,
               | but you do distribute Unreal's. The user got access to
               | Apple's code _when they bought their iPhone_ , you have
               | to give them Unreal Engine, so you need a license for
               | that.
        
               | albert180 wrote:
               | The DMA goes into force only tomorrow. We will see if
               | they will get away. I guess they will get bonked, because
               | they apply more favourable conditions for their own App
               | Store. They might get away if they would charge the fee
               | for all Developers, but the Bullshit with "staying inside
               | the old conditions" will surely get them into trouble
        
               | roamerz wrote:
               | >The fear of low-profitability is what drives that
               | behavior
               | 
               | Are you sure about that? Seems like a pretty bold
               | statement where you would have to have some kind of
               | inside information.
               | 
               | I don't have anything to substantiate this but I would
               | like to believe that Apple still has the best interest of
               | it's customers and security in mind when fighting these
               | kinds of legislation. I switched from Android to Apple
               | BECAUSE of those restrictions and the improved security
               | the walled garden model provides. The other reason was
               | the middle finger Apple gave to the cell providers about
               | applying firmware updates to their phones. When I was
               | using Android it was maddening to wait months for an
               | update to be 'approved' and able to install. That led me
               | to rooting and installing firmware that was outside of
               | the manufactures control and who knows what might have
               | been in that.
               | 
               | So for me everything that Apple does to keep a walled
               | garden is what actually keeps me as a customer and helps
               | their bottom line.
        
               | Zak wrote:
               | It does not seem to me that anything about the DMA will
               | make it difficult for people who prefer to stay inside
               | Apple's walled garden to do so. Most Android users only
               | install apps from the Play Store and use Chrome as their
               | browser.
        
               | albert180 wrote:
               | Yeah, who knows what's inside of OpenSource Firmware like
               | LineageOS. It's a huge mystery
               | 
               | Also I never needed to wait for a carrier to approve an
               | Update for my Android Phone. Neither for my Pixel, Nexus
               | or Samsung Galaxy ones.
               | 
               | And beside the "strict" controls, malicious Apps got in
               | the App Store, and the iPhones themselves also pwned.
               | 
               | Are there other Apple Fanboy Horror Stories about Android
               | that you've missed?
        
               | smoldesu wrote:
               | > Are you sure about that?
               | 
               | Certain as I can be, without having seen the cards. Apple
               | is a company about margins; you see it in their hardware
               | profitability, but also in Tim Cook's service initiative.
               | They fought Dutch regulators over this for months
               | preceding the regulation, and it's not a stretch to say
               | the DMA and DSA is a direct legislative response to
               | Apple's wanton behavior.
               | 
               | Apple can move literal mountains, when it aligns with
               | their incentive of increasing profit margins. Anything
               | that falls outside that purview ends up sidelined or
               | worse-yet, lobbied against.
               | 
               | > So for me everything that Apple does to keep a walled
               | garden is what actually keeps me as a customer and helps
               | their bottom line.
               | 
               | That's great, and Apple has every right to provide you a
               | differentiated experience. I've been a historical Apple
               | customer, and I still keep a Magic Trackpad around
               | because it's mostly quite good.
               | 
               | But you and I aren't entitled to a sustained monopoly
               | because it benefits us. Happy IE users or Bell Telephone
               | customers aren't an argument against antitrust action,
               | and it's ultimately entirely tangential to how legal they
               | are.
               | 
               | Consider how Apple behaves in hardware, sponsoring
               | dubious Chinese labor to make shareholders happy. They
               | set industry-leading profit margins by sparing no expense
               | in their exploitation of labor and parts manufacturing.
               | Is it legal? They say so. But of course Apple would, and
               | they have no incentive to ever stop the squeeze if
               | shareholders cheer them on. They will behave _just as
               | insidiously_ with software, and if you do not treat their
               | every action with that scrutiny then you 'll pave the
               | road to hell with good intentions.
               | 
               | I _want_ businesses to be good people. I want God to run
               | a killer froyo stand. But men are fickle, and Apple has
               | been a swindling bastard of a company ever since Jobs
               | cheated Woz out of $4,500 over an Atari contract.
        
               | roamerz wrote:
               | > But you and I aren't entitled to a sustained monopoly
               | because it benefits us.
               | 
               | Does 20.1 percent market share constitute a
               | monopoly?(2023 Forbes) Seems like people have plenty of
               | choices of what kind of cell phone to purchase.
               | 
               | >treat their every action with scrutiny
               | 
               | Is that not what the free market does? When companies
               | make poor choices customers punish them. (Budweiser 2023)
        
               | kmeisthax wrote:
               | The issue isn't the size of Apple's market share, it's
               | the tying between their hardware, the OS software, and
               | app store, such that if you choose to buy their phone,
               | you also are locked into their app store.
               | 
               | Apple is not subject to market forces because Apple is
               | not a capitalist entity, it is a feudalist one. It is not
               | a merchant buying metal and glass to turn into phones, it
               | is a feudal lord that has put a gate on the river that
               | anyone passing buy has to pay 30% in order to open.
        
           | fh9302 wrote:
           | There is no evidence that Apple ever planned to introduce a
           | MFi system with USB-C. What likely happened is that leakers
           | misinterpreted the USB-C E-Marker as a MFi chip.
        
             | duskwuff wrote:
             | Or that Apple was considering a "made for iPhone"
             | certification program to allow manufacturers of USB-C
             | devices to certify that they'll work with iOS devices --
             | which would be a perfectly reasonable thing for them to
             | have! -- and misinterpreted that as meaning that Apple
             | intended to implement a restrictive device authorization
             | scheme like they had for Lightning devices.
             | 
             | (Just because newer iOS devices have a USB-C port doesn't
             | mean that all USB-C devices will work with them! Devices
             | still require drivers; if iOS doesn't know how to handle a
             | device, it won't work.)
        
           | threeseed wrote:
           | > when they threatened to use MFi on USB-C, up until an EU
           | Comissioner threatened to boot them from the market
           | 
           | Except this never happened.
           | 
           | And it doesn't even make any sense because MFi is when there
           | is proprietary Apple technology involved which isn't the case
           | for USB-C nor 3.5mm, Bluetooth etc.
        
             | whywhywhywhy wrote:
             | You need MFI to use Bluetooth unless it's audio through the
             | system UI or BTLE
        
               | threeseed wrote:
               | Bluetooth is not part of MFI for any of the standard
               | profiles.
               | 
               | https://mfi.apple.com/en/faqs
        
         | troupo wrote:
         | > I wonder if there was some sort of back channeling with the
         | EU
         | 
         | No back channeling is required. It's literally written in the
         | law that you can go ahead and ask if you're unsure:
         | https://ia.net/topics/unraveling-the-digital-markets-act Scroll
         | to _Law: Ask us if you find issues_
        
           | bevekspldnw wrote:
           | There's always back channel that's how these things always
           | work. One team of lawyers hashing it out with another.
        
           | agust wrote:
           | Apple didn't have to ask though, they fully knew they were
           | breaking the law here. They are only backing down because of
           | the pressure from the web community and from the DMA team
           | starting an investigation.
        
             | masklinn wrote:
             | They knew they were breaking the law in their lack if
             | browser choice.
             | 
             | The PWA issue is a completely different one.
             | 
             | Although what I assume is they floated removing PWAs to see
             | if that would get users / communities on their side.
             | 
             | It might have worked if PWA support was first class rather
             | than half abandoned.
        
               | agust wrote:
               | The DMA plainly states that they have to give other
               | browser vendors access to all features present on device,
               | and that they cannot degrade the quality of their
               | services.
               | 
               | Removing PWA support goes against both these obligations.
        
           | turquoisevar wrote:
           | Nope, that's not what iA says, and it would be a gross
           | misrepresentation of the DMA to be honest.
           | 
           | The section they're referring to is clause 64 in the lead of
           | the DMA[0] and it is not only limited to cases of
           | interoperability, unlike what iA implies it doesn't follow
           | with a suggestion that gatekeepers can just ask if they're
           | unsure. Instead it states:
           | 
           | > In all cases, the gatekeeper and the requesting provider
           | should ensure that interoperability does not undermine a high
           | level of security and data protection in line with their
           | obligations laid down in this Regulation and applicable Union
           | law, in particular Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Directive
           | 2002/58/EC. The obligation related to interoperability should
           | be without prejudice to the information and choices to be
           | made available to end users of the number-independent
           | interpersonal communication services of the gatekeeper and
           | the requesting provider under this Regulation and other Union
           | law, in particular Regulation (EU) 2016/679.
           | 
           | That's why one of the main criticisms of the DMA is that
           | gatekeepers generally can't present proposals for approval
           | and have to wait until _after_ implementing to see if it is
           | to the EC's liking.
           | 
           | That said, the EU has inquired about the PWA stuff[1] and it
           | seems that the outcome of that has been that Home Screen
           | install doesn't need to be provided for other browsers.
           | Allowing Apple to back down from their careful
           | interpretation.
           | 
           | 0: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-
           | content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELE...
           | 
           | 1: https://9to5mac.com/2024/02/26/apple-blocking-web-apps/
        
             | troupo wrote:
             | 64: says that gatekeepers should provide a reference of
             | what they are intending to implement, and commission will
             | say if it's in compliance
             | 
             | 65: For anything more complex we can have an extended
             | dialog
        
           | jsnell wrote:
           | That's not true. The section the blog post is quoting is
           | saying that _the EC_ can ask another regulatory body to make
           | a decision specifically on whether the technical
           | implementation of interoperability requirements is
           | sufficient.
           | 
           | So it's only about a very thin slice of the DMA to start
           | with, and a slice that's not the part that Apple was
           | intending to violate when removing PWAs, but it's also not a
           | process that Apple could trigger or even be a party of.
           | 
           | As far as I know, nothing in the regulation suggests that
           | gatekeepers can get their compliance plans pre-approved or
           | pre-rejected.
        
             | troupo wrote:
             | > That's not true. The section the blog post is quoting
             | 
             | That's the beauty of reading: you can read more than just
             | the quote, and read the paragraph immediately after. Or the
             | referenced section in the law:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39565987
        
         | M2Ys4U wrote:
         | I hope that the UK CMA enforcement action will smack Apple over
         | the head for this one.
        
           | dwaite wrote:
           | ...to what end? Removal of the feature from iOS in the UK?
        
         | turquoisevar wrote:
         | This is the most likely theory.
         | 
         | The notion that Apple was purposefully trying to kill PWAs
         | never made sense in light of their significant investment in
         | supporting PWAs over the last four years, down to recruiting
         | industry rockstars such as Jen Simmons.
         | 
         | Nobody who was screaming bloody murder ever tried to reconcile
         | that incongruence, much less succeeded.
         | 
         | What's more likely is that Apple's lawyers went with the most
         | careful interpretation of the DMA, concluded that they'd have
         | to facilitate Home Screen install for other browsers as well,
         | figured it wasn't worth the engineering effort, especially on
         | short notice, and instead just deactivated it for Safari as
         | well.
         | 
         | Then, after all the bloody murder that was being screamed
         | about, the EU started to inquire[0] both with Apple as well as
         | developers about the consequences for PWAs. Apple was told that
         | their interpretation was too strict (or that they will be given
         | more time to implement it for other browsers, but less likely
         | because such decisions are typically made public) and that
         | they're fine (for now) with PWAs running in WebKit.
         | 
         | 0: https://9to5mac.com/2024/02/26/apple-blocking-web-apps/
        
           | refulgentis wrote:
           | The histrionical descriptions of other people's takes are
           | like nails on chalkboard and kinda gross. (bloody murder?)
           | 
           | No one thought removing them in the EU was the first step to
           | removing them everywhere.
           | 
           | Jen Simmons isn't a "rock star."
           | 
           | Hiring someone with a lot of Twitter followers to do
           | something doesn't preclude the company from stopping doing
           | something.
           | 
           | I think everyone over 30 in tech has seen that first hand.
           | Couple right off the top of my head for Apple: Graeme Devine,
           | Max Howell...
           | 
           | In general, it is important for discussions to have nuance.
           | I'm sure you've seen some un-nuanced discussions that I
           | haven't. However, escalating rhetoric to condemn lack of
           | nuance in others rhetoric should be reconsidered.
        
             | turquoisevar wrote:
             | > The histrionical descriptions of other people's takes are
             | like nails on chalkboard and kinda gross. (bloody murder?)
             | 
             | Claiming that Apple is trying to "kill" PWAs is in and of
             | itself histrionic. Especially when behavioral evidence that
             | clearly points to the opposite is completely ignored and
             | the bad faith intents are attributed wholly based on
             | "vibes". My categorizing that as screaming bloody murder
             | isn't an escalation in rhetoric[0] in the slightest.
             | 
             | > Jen Simmons isn't a "rock star." It's a figure of speech
             | within the industry, granted, it typically also implies big
             | ego issues, so perhaps the term isn't so suitable when it
             | comes to Simmons.
             | 
             | > Hiring someone with a lot of Twitter followers
             | 
             | Trying to diminish someone's accomplishments and relevance
             | within an industry by pretending they "just have a lot of
             | Twitter followers" does nothing to refute my arguments.
             | She's one of 82 web developers with a Wiki bio and one of
             | 177 programmers, that alone signifies notability.
             | 
             | Point is that that she's a high profile programmer and web
             | developer and those come at a premium. That, plus the
             | significant efforts made in the last four years to not only
             | support PWAs but also improve standards, runs counter to
             | the notion that Apple has ill will towards PWAs.
             | 
             | While she has spearheaded a lot of the investment in PWAs,
             | for the purposes of this debate I only brought her up to
             | emphasize Apple's investments in making improvements.
             | 
             | Even with Simmons out of the equation there's still four
             | years of significant engineering efforts to reconcile.
             | 
             | > doesn't preclude the company from stopping doing
             | something. You're begging the question here. Without you
             | substantiating the implication that Apple has stopped
             | improving PWAs, you're just throwing around empty words.
             | 
             | Nevertheless, it's clear Apple hasn't stopped their efforts
             | on PWAs, given that the next Safari update will, again,
             | include a slew of improvements to the benefit of PWAs as
             | can be seen in the Safari Technology Preview release
             | notes[1].
             | 
             | I'm amenable to debate this further, provided you put in
             | some effort into make a credible case with substantiated
             | arguments and you can keep the tone policing to yourself.
             | 
             | 0: https://www.merriam-
             | webster.com/dictionary/scream%20bloody%2...
             | 
             | 1: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/safari-
             | technology-...
        
               | refulgentis wrote:
               | > Claiming that Apple is trying to "kill" PWAs
               | 
               | Source for where I claimed this?
               | 
               | > Trying to diminish someone's accomplishments and
               | relevance within an industry
               | 
               | Source for where I said anything about accomplishments or
               | relevance?[^1]
               | 
               | > doesn't preclude the company from stopping doing
               | something. You're begging the question here. Without you
               | substantiating the implication that Apple has stopped
               | improving PWAs, you're just throwing around empty words.
               | 
               | Source? I don't know where this is from at all.[^2]
               | 
               | [^1] n.b. pointing out companies are cold and don't let
               | stuff like that affect product decisions, isn't even
               | remotely the same as saying all employees are
               | unaccomplished and irrelevant.
               | 
               | [^2] Earlier when I say source, I am deferentially and
               | politely pointing out you're making up things I said as a
               | strawman to beat up on more easily. Here, it's not even
               | close to anything I said.
        
               | motoxpro wrote:
               | "She is not a rock star"
               | 
               | That is a statement about relevance and I would argue to
               | be a "rock star" you also have to have a lot of
               | accomplishments.
               | 
               | You might not agree that she is a rock start but you did
               | make comments about her relevance ("twitter followers"
               | etc)
        
               | refulgentis wrote:
               | It is quite explicitly not a statement indicating I
               | believe them to be irrelevant or not famous.
               | 
               | This is immediately clear when, immediately after these
               | two words, I mention Twitter followers, clearly
               | indicating I believe they have fame and relevance.
               | 
               | It's abundantly clear when I spell out that companies
               | don't make product decisions based on famous hires. (n.b.
               | rock stars get to dictate the concert and album schedule)
               | 
               | It's ever the more clear when I name famous and relevant
               | people as similes.
               | 
               | It's absolutely abundantly clear once you notice I never
               | used the words famous and relevant, or words with stems
               | of the same.
               | 
               | It's a fools errand to spend time imagining thoughts in
               | other people's heads that twist their words into insults
               | of other people.
        
               | turquoisevar wrote:
               | Really? This is what you want to spend your time on
               | doing?
               | 
               | > Source for where I claimed this?
               | 
               | Source for where I said _you_ claimed this?
               | 
               | > Source for where I said anything about accomplishments
               | or relevance?
               | 
               | Source for where I said anything about you straight up
               | saying anything about accomplishments or relevance?
               | 
               | > Source? I don't know where this is from at all.
               | 
               | You said: "Hiring someone with a lot of Twitter followers
               | to do something doesn't preclude the company from
               | stopping doing something."
               | 
               | Now you're gonna act coy by acting undignified about me
               | interpreting "to do something" and "stopping doing
               | something" to refer to working on PWA support when that
               | has been the topic of this thread the entire time?
               | 
               | Have some dignity.
        
               | refulgentis wrote:
               | This would have been easier: "oh, I missed a line break,
               | imagine a \n after 'doesn't preclude the company from
               | stopping doing something."
               | 
               | If you needed to get a dig in, could have appended "I
               | would imagine you would have remembered and/or noticed
               | that at least the first sentence was in your post"
        
             | nemo8551 wrote:
             | Gene Simmons however is a rock star.
        
             | vundercind wrote:
             | > The histrionical descriptions of other people's takes are
             | like nails on chalkboard and kinda gross. (bloody murder?)
             | 
             | Just shows the poster read the relevant threads on this
             | very site.
        
           | afavour wrote:
           | > in light of their significant investment in supporting PWAs
           | over the last four years
           | 
           | Investing in PWAs for four years is only going to get you so
           | far when you're eight years behind the competition.
           | 
           | Obviously I'm making numbers up here but to my perspective
           | Apple's recent investments (bringing them to a level still
           | behind competitors) has a lot more to do with staving off
           | legal threats to their 30% cut on native apps (e.g. the Epic
           | lawsuit) than any benevolence towards the web platform.
        
             | turquoisevar wrote:
             | > Investing in PWAs for four years is only going to get you
             | so far when you're eight years behind the competition.
             | 
             | I don't think this speaks to intention, the investments
             | that have been made and are still being made bring with
             | them a cost, both in a monetary sense and in other ways.
             | Regardless of the separate question with regards to them
             | having been able to catch up with the competition.
             | 
             | A generous interpretation, with the presupposed premise
             | that they haven't been able to catch up, could say that it
             | warrants a more favorable interpretation of their
             | intentions if they were willing to invest after having
             | lagged behind for so long, because the required investment
             | would be greater and the pay off less clear.
             | 
             | > (bringing them to a level still behind competitors)
             | 
             | Let's be honest here. When people say something like this,
             | they're mainly thinking of Chrome/Chromium-based browsers.
             | 
             | Google is known to have no qualms supporting certain things
             | that both Mozilla and Apple are uncomfortable with, while
             | at the same time implementing a bunch of stuff that isn't
             | standardized.
             | 
             | On the whole, Safari/WebKit has roughly met Mozilla's level
             | of support for frameworks and APIs and even surpassed
             | Mozilla on certain things (especially desktop). Of course
             | if the benchmark is just Chromium, then none of it will
             | ever be enough, then again, Mozilla doesn't seem to catch a
             | lot of flack for drawing a line in the sand in terms of
             | support.
             | 
             | Other than that, Safari seems to be doing great on test
             | suites/benchmarks that focus on progress such as the annual
             | Interop. Consistently[0] keeping up[1] over the years[2],
             | and sometimes coming out on top[3].
             | 
             | > has a lot more to do with staving off legal threats to
             | their 30% cut on native apps (e.g. the Epic lawsuit) than
             | any benevolence towards the web platform.
             | 
             | I tend to stay clear with attributing maleficence or less
             | than generous intentions without something substantial to
             | back it up. Especially when behavior seems to contradict
             | such attributions.
             | 
             | For example, if that where the main motivator then I'd
             | expect a bare minimum approach and Apple dragging their
             | feet, like we see with DMA implementations (e.g., only
             | allowing what must be allowed in the EU instead of
             | globally), instead we not only see improvement of PWA
             | support, in part beyond what Mozilla supports, but also
             | direct contributions of standards that PWAs rely on in the
             | form of improvements..
             | 
             | 0: https://wpt.fyi/interop-2021?stable
             | 
             | 1: https://wpt.fyi/interop-2023?stable
             | 
             | 2: https://wpt.fyi/interop-2024
             | 
             | 3: https://wpt.fyi/interop-2022?stable
        
             | scarface_74 wrote:
             | This makes absolutely no sense. It came out in the Eoic
             | trial that 90% of App Store revenue comes from games and in
             | app purchases.
             | 
             | Those apps are no more going to leave the App Store and go
             | to the web than they are going to leave the Google Pay
             | Store. In app purchases monetize too well and people aren't
             | going to put their credit cards on every third party
             | website.
             | 
             | That's not even to mention all of the ways that you can pay
             | via in app purchases that you can't pay via the web and all
             | of the kids with phones without credit cards attached.
             | 
             | If it's only Apple, then why aren't Android developers
             | creating great PWAs to escape the same 30%?
        
               | afavour wrote:
               | > Those apps are no more going to leave the App Store and
               | go to the web than they are going to leave the Google Pay
               | Store.
               | 
               | ...Microsoft did exactly that, though:
               | 
               | https://www.macrumors.com/2021/06/30/hands-on-xbox-cloud-
               | gam...
               | 
               | I don't really understand the rest of your argument. "Of
               | course developers aren't going to use the web instead of
               | apps, it's a way worse experience!" is _precisely the
               | point_ in criticizing Apple letting the web platform
               | languish. They have a vested interest in making sure the
               | in-app experience remains superior to web experience
               | because of their 30% cut.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | If it's just Apple, then why aren't developers leaving
               | Google Play Services in droves to avoid the same 30% cut?
               | 
               | And Microsoft did that not because they didn't want to be
               | in the store, but because at the time Apple wouldn't
               | allow them. Yes I disagree with this.
               | 
               | If PWAs could be made one to one with apps - and today
               | games like Candy Crush could be web apps - game
               | developers who make up 90% of App Store revenue still
               | wouldn't give up the direct access to users wallets they
               | get from in app purchases.
        
               | ToucanLoucan wrote:
               | If we ever reach a point where compiled code is equally
               | as performant as web apps, I'll eat a shoe.
        
             | brookst wrote:
             | I don't think the comment you're replying to was saying
             | Apple's PWA support was world-leading.
             | 
             | I think it was saying that if Apple wanted to kill PWA it
             | would have made more sense to just not make those
             | investments over the past four years.
        
               | kelthuzad wrote:
               | >I think it was saying that if Apple wanted to kill PWA
               | it would have made more sense to just not make those
               | investments over the past four years.
               | 
               | wrong, Apple only started implementing the bare minimum
               | because they felt the heat from devs & feared the legal
               | consequences for their anti-competitive behavior.
               | 
               | Apple still has the unquenchable desire to kill PWAs,
               | they will just keep sabotaging them more subtly. Apple
               | will keep up their shenanigans until the bitter end, but
               | I hope that the EU will have none of it.
        
           | temac wrote:
           | Maybe it is a tactical move to create a precedent were the EU
           | tells Apple "in this case this is ok to require execution by
           | safari"
        
             | brookst wrote:
             | Business is hard enough operating directly. Triple bank
             | shots that require business and legal to coordinate are too
             | complicated to attempt.
        
           | jrochkind1 wrote:
           | From the bottom of OP:
           | 
           | > Apple's move also comes after a threat to look into the
           | issue by European Commission authorities.
           | 
           | > "We are indeed looking at the compliance packages of all
           | gatekeepers, including Apple," the European Commission said
           | in a statement on February 26. "In that context, we're in
           | particular looking into the issue of progressive web apps,
           | and can confirm sending the requests for information to Apple
           | and to app developers, who can provide useful information for
           | our assessment."
        
         | nguyenkien wrote:
         | On android PWA home shortcut create by one browser, will use
         | that browser, regardless of default browser. I don't see why
         | Apple couldn't do the same.
        
           | nickthegreek wrote:
           | Apple provided theirs reasoning on this (security issues due
           | to how iOS is currently written...) when they initially
           | stated they would be removing them and said the work was'nt
           | worth the tiny base of users who use it.
        
           | brookst wrote:
           | Only technical reasons. When PWA's were introduced in iOS 11,
           | they were built with the assumption of WebKit as a privileged
           | process. A re-arch is definitely doable, just a big expense
           | for little return. And probably not feasible in just a year,
           | can't imagine it would be a top priority against all of the
           | other work.
        
         | pier25 wrote:
         | Does this mean that users will only be able to add the pwa from
         | Safari or that when adding it from any browser it will always
         | run with WebKit?
        
           | wintermutestwin wrote:
           | Great question. Orion is built on WebKit and works with
           | firefox extensions (uBlock)
        
             | lxgr wrote:
             | That works (I suspect) because they run them as JavaScript
             | in a different browsing context and have implemented some
             | of the WebExtension APIs themselves on the backend, e.g.
             | HTTP request filtering (which is one of uBlock's primary
             | functions).
             | 
             | That's a nifty workaround but not ideal, since it's not
             | possible to actually provide all WebExtension APIs that
             | way.
        
           | lilyball wrote:
           | Presumably that you can only add the PWA from Safari, because
           | there does not exist any API to add a PWA from a third-party
           | app.
        
             | robertoandred wrote:
             | Yes there does, other browsers already use it.
        
           | robertoandred wrote:
           | Other browsers can already add PWAs. Presumably they'd just
           | continue using WebKit to matter what engine the browser in
           | question uses.
        
         | Despegar wrote:
         | They were basically negotiating in public. I think the EC
         | probably realized that the DMA as currently written is flawed
         | and producing outcomes they don't want, and this episode
         | basically highlighted it to them. They probably told Apple
         | there won't be any enforcement against only Safari having it,
         | because the alternative is worse. A basic principle is that you
         | are very unlikely to compel Apple to engineer anything unless
         | they choose to, and you would most likely lose in the EU courts
         | if you tried to. Any regulation that doesn't factor that in is
         | going to be doomed to fail.
        
           | lxgr wrote:
           | > A basic principle is that you are very unlikely to compel
           | Apple to engineer anything unless they choose to, and you
           | would most likely lose in the EU courts if you tried to. Any
           | regulation that doesn't factor that in is going to be doomed
           | to fail.
           | 
           | That sounds a bit like "Apple is beyond the law/regulations,
           | regulators better accept that and move on" - is that what you
           | mean?
           | 
           | It worked just fine for USB-C, fwiw.
        
             | hananova wrote:
             | There's a big difference between those cases. In the USB-C
             | case there was no room for argument. It was either include
             | the new port, or stop selling the iPhone.
             | 
             | In this case, they could just remove entire features and
             | have the public do their lobbying for them.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | It shouldn't be too hard to make the case for that being
               | malicious compliance, though. It seems to have worked in
               | this particular case, for example: People called Apple's
               | bluff.
        
               | Despegar wrote:
               | Malicious compliance and "spirit of the law" aren't real
               | things when it comes to the legal system. You either
               | comply with the law or you don't. And courts will
               | ultimately decide if Apple's interpretation of the DMA
               | complies or not.
        
               | Muromec wrote:
               | Malicious compliance is totally a thing in this specific
               | case and is expected to happen. The act itself is written
               | in a very pointed way so to say.
               | 
               | To make matters worse, the executive is given powers to
               | tell Apple what exactly they need do to comply if they
               | start funny business.
        
               | shaky-carrousel wrote:
               | They are, in Europe. We don't really like companies not
               | following the spirit of the law. Companies usually learn
               | via fines. Luckily for us, Apple is a slow learner.
        
           | d1sxeyes wrote:
           | Companies are compelled to develop features all the time.
           | Mostly so far in the EU these features have been around
           | accessibility, safety, and crime prevention, but there's an
           | awful lot of precedent for companies being required to
           | develop something specific in order to be able to sell their
           | product in the EU.
        
             | Despegar wrote:
             | Companies comply with those regulations because, on
             | balance, the incentives still make it logical to. That
             | doesn't mean an unbalanced regulation that misunderstands
             | the target's incentives would result in the outcome the
             | regulator wants.
        
         | rejhgadellaa wrote:
         | The law requires Apple to open up iOS to 3rd-party browser
         | engines _and_ that Apple can 't self-preference their own
         | browser. This would mean that Apple has to open up anything
         | that Safari can do (like run PWAs).
         | 
         | I don't believe for a minute that the EU is OK with the WebKit
         | restriction here, they simply haven't responded:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39565553
        
           | lxgr wrote:
           | We just don't know that at this point.
           | 
           | For all we know, the EU might be considering PWAs a thing
           | completely orthogonal to DMA compliance, since they neither
           | provide feature parity with native apps, nor are they widely
           | used (at least according to Apple's measurements).
           | 
           | > open up anything that Safari can do (like run PWAs).
           | 
           | I think it would be just as valid a viewpoint to consider
           | them an OS feature (as opposed to a browser feature). The
           | question then is whether that OS feature would be considered
           | protected under the DMA.
           | 
           | For example, it's also impossible to provide your own kernel
           | extensions (e.g. to facilitate hardware device drivers) for
           | iOS - but that's completely fine (as far as I understand)
           | under the DMA, since it's not one of the covered areas like
           | app stores, NFC payments etc.
           | 
           | I'm not very certain of the last point, FWIW - maybe the DMA
           | does actually require Apple to provide, on demand, access to
           | hardware interfaces available to their own product offerings!
           | For example, wireless (Qi) outbound charging is supported by
           | recent iPhones, but only works with Apple's own Magsafe power
           | bank, and other power banks can only do inbound wireless
           | charging and need to be charged via USB - maybe that's
           | actually noncompliant too? That would likely kill, or at
           | least strongly impact, Apple's MFI program in the EU - or
           | maybe just expand it to cover all first-party hardware
           | interfaces too?
        
             | summerlight wrote:
             | > For all we know, the EU might be considering PWAs a thing
             | completely orthogonal to DMA compliance, since they neither
             | provide feature parity with native apps, nor are they
             | widely used (at least according to Apple's measurements).
             | 
             | DMA wording made it very clear that it's about browser
             | engine, not the browser product. And Safari is designated
             | as a core platform service.
             | 
             | > The gatekeeper shall not require end users to use, or
             | business users to use, to offer, or to interoperate with,
             | an identification service, a web browser engine or a
             | payment service, or technical services that support the
             | provision of payment services, such as payment systems for
             | in-app purchases, of that gatekeeper in the context of
             | services provided by the business users using that
             | gatekeeper's core platform services.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | > DMA wording made it very clear that it's about browser
               | engine, not the browser product.
               | 
               | Yes, but nowhere does it say explicitly that that third-
               | party browser engine has to also be capable of hosting
               | PWAs. It's definitely a possible read of the DMA, but not
               | the only plausible one, in my view.
        
               | EMIRELADERO wrote:
               | It does:
               | 
               | Clause 7 Article 6 of the DMA states:
               | 
               | > _The gatekeeper shall allow providers of services and
               | providers of hardware, free of charge, effective
               | interoperability with, and access for the purposes of
               | interoperability to, the same hardware and software
               | features accessed or controlled via the operating system
               | or virtual assistant listed in the designation decision
               | pursuant to Article 3(9) as are available to services or
               | hardware provided by the gatekeeper._
               | 
               | > _Furthermore, the gatekeeper shall allow business users
               | and alternative providers of services provided together
               | with, or in support of, core platform services, free of
               | charge, effective interoperability with, and access for
               | the purposes of interoperability to, the same operating
               | system, hardware or software features, regardless of
               | whether those features are part of the operating system,
               | as are available to, or used by, that gatekeeper when
               | providing such services._
        
           | robertoandred wrote:
           | Are PWAs browsers?
        
             | worksonmine wrote:
             | They're pretty much just shortcuts/bookmarks to a browser
             | window yes. If I "install" a PWA from Firefox I expect it
             | to open in Firefox. I would be very surprised if I ended up
             | in Safari instead.
        
               | robertoandred wrote:
               | What happens to those PWAs when you uninstall Firefox?
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | yeah, it should just open up in the default browser
               | setting within the OS. having to create a shortcut based
               | on which browser would be ridiculous. must like the post
               | you were replying to was a ridiculously proposed comment.
        
               | worksonmine wrote:
               | > having to create a shortcut based on which browser
               | would be ridiculous
               | 
               | Depends how you look at it, Chromecast is only available
               | from Chrome. If I want a specific page to open in Chrome
               | because I use it mainly to cast videos should I have to
               | switch my main browser to Chrome?
               | 
               | Probably not how it works today and my initial comment
               | didn't imply always open in Firefox even if not default
               | browser, but thinking about it maybe that's how it should
               | work, or the option to choose should be available?
        
           | shaky-carrousel wrote:
           | Hopefully they'll respond with huge fines.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | The final authority lies with the courts. If any of the third-
         | party browser providers sue for being disadvantaged by PWAs
         | being restricted to WebKit, no previous "back-channeling" with
         | the Commission will have any bearing on the judgment. And the
         | Commission knows this, so is unlikely to engage in that manner.
        
         | summerlight wrote:
         | No, DMA wording made it very clear that it's about web browser
         | engine.
         | 
         | > The gatekeeper shall not require end users to use, or
         | business users to use, to offer, or to interoperate with, an
         | identification service, a web browser engine or a payment
         | service, or technical services that support the provision of
         | payment services, such as payment systems for in-app purchases,
         | of that gatekeeper in the context of services provided by the
         | business users using that gatekeeper's core platform services.
         | 
         | And they cannot make self-preferencing on their products.
         | 
         | > The gatekeeper shall not treat more favourably, in ranking
         | and related indexing and crawling, services and products
         | offered by the gatekeeper itself than similar services or
         | products of a third party. The gatekeeper shall apply
         | transparent, fair and non-discriminatory conditions to such
         | ranking.
         | 
         | > The gatekeeper shall not restrict technically or otherwise
         | the ability of end users to switch between, and subscribe to,
         | different software applications and services that are accessed
         | using the core platform services of the gatekeeper, including
         | as regards the choice of Internet access services for end
         | users.
         | 
         | And Safari has been explicitly designated as a separate core
         | platform service. There's no room for this kind of
         | interpretation in the view of enforcement entity. Apple is just
         | trying to buy time by pretending ignorance.
        
           | layer8 wrote:
           | It's more subtle than that. If Apple uses WebKit within one
           | of their built-in apps or OS components, let's say in their
           | Weather app or some Apple Pay dialog, there surely is no
           | requirement that this has to be replaceable by Chromium or
           | Gecko. Similarly, the PWA runtime environment may not
           | necessarily count as a "web browser engine", since they
           | aren't used to browse the web. It remains to be seen how this
           | will be judged by the EU institutions.
        
             | summerlight wrote:
             | It's because those apps are not core platform service.
             | Safari and iOS both are core platform services, which are
             | explicitly designated as a target of this regulation. Go
             | read the actual wording and have some understanding before
             | making this kind of assumption.
        
               | layer8 wrote:
               | When you open a PWA, Safari does not appear. The argument
               | can be made that this is not Safari, but a PWA runtime
               | environment that happens to use WebKit internally.
               | Basically, the PWA is it's own separate app (i.e. not
               | Safari) that is being run by iOS with the help of WebKit,
               | similar to how other OS features also use WebKit
               | internally. It is not clear at all that this would fall
               | under the category "web browser engine" of the DMA, since
               | using a PWA does not constitute browsing the web.
               | 
               | As for your argument about core platform services, the
               | app store is a core platform service and (I'm pretty
               | sure) uses WebKit internally, at least for some of its
               | pages in login and payment flows, and similar for various
               | iCloud-related functions accessible from Settings.
               | 
               | I've read the DMA, you don't have to be condescending.
        
         | cogman10 wrote:
         | Who else even does PWAs? Firefox removed them which leaves
         | chrome, edge, and now maybe safari.
        
         | Andrex wrote:
         | Devil's advocate: having a stable (maybe too stable) runtime
         | for all iOS PWAs might actually be a benefit. Native apps, for
         | instance, don't have to worry about rendering issues in various
         | "viewers." This actually brings PWAs closer to the world of
         | native apps, which I believe is what users would prefer.
         | 
         | That said, I literally did a jump for joy when the DMA news
         | broke. (Then of course, I did scream bloody murder reading the
         | details on PWAs.)
        
           | bastawhiz wrote:
           | There's no such thing as an iOS-only PWA. You need to test
           | with other browser engines regardless because other kinds of
           | devices still exist.
        
       | littlecranky67 wrote:
       | So glad they reversed that, it would have killed my side-project
       | which I based around webapp push notifications just after they
       | released PWA pushnotifications with iOS 16.4 not even 12 months
       | ago. That backtrack would have been a punch in the face of all
       | devs that jumped on that feature.
        
       | aeurielesn wrote:
       | I also wonder what's point of PWAs _only_ supported in WebKit.
       | 
       | It feels like they trying to keep playing cat and mouse.
        
         | readams wrote:
         | Mostly Apple wants to ensure that PWAs can't emerge as a viable
         | option. As long as they're on WebKit, they can ensure that the
         | apps are limited in their functionality.
        
           | kemayo wrote:
           | If that's Apple's motivation, why have they been implementing
           | PWAs at all? Killing them would be even simpler if they just
           | weren't on iOS in the first place.
        
             | jamesgeck0 wrote:
             | They've been on iOS since the beginning, predating the App
             | Store. They were originally supposed to be the only public
             | API for building 3rd party apps on iOS.
             | 
             | For a long time they appeared to be in maintenance mode on
             | iOS. They're still years behind what Chrome allows PWAs to
             | do.
        
               | dunham wrote:
               | Apple has also added PWA to Desktop Safari in the latest
               | OS release (which seems to work well for Tana). So their
               | Safari team is putting some continuing effort behind PWA
               | in general.
               | 
               | I used this when I was taking a break from chrome,
               | because Firefox cancelled their PWA support for Desktop.
        
             | albert180 wrote:
             | Because they are their go to excuse why the limitation to
             | the App Store isn't a monopoly with the regulators.
        
               | burnerthrow008 wrote:
               | So... you're saying that having PWAs is purely
               | performative because nobody actually uses PWAs... meaning
               | that the loss of PWAs has no impact on customers?
        
               | albert180 wrote:
               | No, but they are obviously not equivalent in capabilities
               | on iOS
        
             | realusername wrote:
             | As far as I'm concerned, it's just an argument for them to
             | use in antitrust lawsuits. "See, they could have developed
             | a web app if they aren't happy with our store". It's better
             | to keep an option opened, especially if it's not good
             | enough to be used.
        
           | graftak wrote:
           | PWA's can run a ServiceWorker in the background too, I can
           | imagine Apple does not want anyone to be able to run code
           | they don't control as a background task as this may
           | negatively affect overall performance and battery life.
        
             | agust wrote:
             | Apple not wanting PWA to work properly on iPhones has
             | nothing to do with performance, security, privacy, battery
             | life or whatever excuse they may officially come up with.
             | 
             | The only reason Apple does not want PWA is because it
             | threatens their App Store profit.
             | 
             | More information: https://open-web-advocacy.org/blog/apple-
             | backs-off-killing-w...
        
               | robin_reala wrote:
               | These black and white takes are boring. It can be all of
               | the above.
        
               | Sammi wrote:
               | Only one of the options affects the bottom line of Apple.
               | Incentives incentives incentives. When you want to
               | understand what and why people do what they do, always
               | find out the incentives.
        
               | robin_reala wrote:
               | Then why would they have bothered adding any support in
               | the first place? There are market incentives in at least
               | appearing to be modern.
        
               | Sammi wrote:
               | Misalignment of the company bottom line (incentives) and
               | employees bottom line (incentives). Company gets money
               | from variable App Store revenue which is directly
               | threatened by PWAs. Employees get money from fixed
               | monthly salary, which is only indirectly threatened by
               | PWAs.
               | 
               | Employees take money and do what is required of them, and
               | otherwise do what they think is awesome. Employees think
               | PWAs are awesome so PWAs happen... until they threaten
               | almighty App Store then it stops.
        
               | lloeki wrote:
               | > Company gets money from variable App Store revenue
               | which is directly threatened by PWAs.
               | 
               | I don't see how a PWA-enabled Safari fits into this
               | narrative.
               | 
               | Timeline:
               | 
               | 0) Apple hires key people and invests 4 years in PWA
               | support for Safari on iOS.
               | 
               | 1) Apple releases support for PWAs in Safari for iOS
               | worldwide.
               | 
               | 2) The DMA compliance thing happens.
               | 
               | 3) Apple allows alternative browser engines + disables
               | PWAs in the EU.
               | 
               | 4) Apple rolls back PWA disablement in the EU.
               | 
               | I mean, 0 and 1 are not some skunkwork. It hasn't been
               | sneaked into the release. PWA support predates this DMA
               | drama. It was disabled only in the EU.
               | 
               | PWAs challenging App Store revenue is completely
               | orthogonal to them being Safari-exclusive or not. PWA
               | support for iOS has been invested on, released, enabled,
               | and has even more features coming up and prereleased in
               | the tech preview. Nobody forced Apple to do that. That
               | alone is solid material fact, blowing away hypothetical
               | claims of evil intent.
        
               | agust wrote:
               | Web apps were the first apps that Apple supported on the
               | iPhone, as of 2007. Back then they did not have native
               | apps, that's why they bothered supporting them.
               | 
               | They then realized that they could make much more money
               | with locked-down proprietary apps that they could tax at
               | will through their App Store. Since then Apple has
               | blocked any meaningful evolution of web apps, to prevent
               | them from competing with native apps.
        
               | Someone wrote:
               | I don't see how that fits the timeline.
               | 
               | The App Store was opened in 2008, and was a huge success
               | in 2018 (https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2018/01/app-
               | store-kicks-off-2...: _"New Year's Day Sets Record With
               | $300 Million in Purchases"_ )
               | 
               | If _"Since then Apple has blocked any meaningful
               | evolution of web apps"_ , why did they add support for
               | PWAs on iOS in 2018?
               | (https://medium.com/awebdeveloper/progressive-web-apps-
               | pwas-a...: _"Safari is finally adding PWA features."_ )
        
               | brookst wrote:
               | PWA's are not at all the same thing as the "pin to Home
               | Screen" feature in iOS 1.0.
               | 
               | PWA's were a brand new subsystem introduced in iOS 11
               | with substantial (yet not emough) ongoing investment
               | since then.
               | 
               | The conspiracy theory still doesn't answer "why have then
               | been investing in PWA's since iOS 11?", if they wanted
               | them dead they could have just removed them rather than
               | doing incremental enhancements.
        
               | leptons wrote:
               | Black and white? Apple not allowing other browsers to
               | have their own browser engines is a black-and-white
               | decision. All or nothing. Apple or nothing. It's all
               | about what Apple wants, and that's MONEY. They don't care
               | about anything else by keeping other browser engines off
               | their platform. It doesn't matter what stupid reason they
               | spout off. _It 's always about money_. Allowing
               | functional PWAs and other browser engines on their
               | walled-garden platform will mean they make less money
               | from their app store. That's it, that's literally all
               | this is about.
        
               | isleyaardvark wrote:
               | You mean euros instead of money, right? Because the
               | changes were only for the EU region, so it's euros and
               | not dollars or kroner or what have you?
        
               | d1sxeyes wrote:
               | Not all EU countries use the euro.
        
               | rchaud wrote:
               | What is boring is pretending that technical
               | considerations about battery life play anywhere near as
               | decisive a role in this matter as simply protecting a
               | multi-billion dollar line item that is app store revenue.
        
               | dnissley wrote:
               | My take is that it's more about control of the
               | experience, which is something baked into Apple's DNA.
        
               | inopinatus wrote:
               | Competitive advantage vastly outweighs engineering
               | concerns in practically all corporate decision making.
               | Apple is no exception.
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | Right, right; everything is 100% black or 100% white.
               | There is no nuance to anything around Apple, and no point
               | in even thinking about the reasons they give, let alone
               | recognizing where they have a good point, whether or not
               | that point outweighs the arguments against it.
               | 
               | ...Like, seriously? I can fully understand disliking
               | Apple, and disagreeing with their choices, but to claim
               | that none of Apple's stated concerns--which are
               | _perfectly reasonable_ on their face, regardless of
               | whether you consider their weight to be sufficient to
               | justify the choice--are legitimate _at all_? That they
               | are _only_ concerned with profit?
        
               | isleyaardvark wrote:
               | They're somehow only concerned with profit, but only
               | concerned with profit in the EU, since their PWA changes
               | only affected that region.
        
               | realusername wrote:
               | > but to claim that none of Apple's stated concerns--
               | which are perfectly reasonable on their face
               | 
               | We don't need to speculate, cross-browser PWA work fine
               | on Android and are secure.
               | 
               | No, Apple's claims do not seem reasonable or valid here
               | since there's an existing implementation contradicting
               | them.
        
             | rejhgadellaa wrote:
             | Service Workers (SW) and installable PWAs are two different
             | things.
             | 
             | Regular sites in browser tabs can have SWs.
             | 
             | When the full Chrome(ium) or FF hits iOS (engine and all),
             | they will want to run SW. And, if I understand the DMA
             | correctly, Apple will be forced to make that possible for
             | 3rd party browser engines.
        
           | scarface_74 wrote:
           | Like they have emerged as a viable option on Android?
        
             | sangnoir wrote:
             | Yes. Would you rather install a full-on app for a once-off
             | event (concert, festival or conference) or would you rather
             | just install a light-weight PWA or just use the website?
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | Just one user's opinion. I'd just use the web site for a
               | one-off event. But if I had to install something for some
               | reason, I probably wouldn't care what technology it was
               | made with and would only care if there was a
               | functionality or performance difference. Honestly, nobody
               | but web developers cares about PWAs. If you put a gun to
               | my head and made me choose between Native and PWA, I
               | guess I'd choose a native app that looks and feels like a
               | native app, performs like a native app, uses native
               | controls and UX idioms, and has the security guarantees
               | of a native app. I honestly don't think users's really
               | care about this PWA vs. Native App war that web
               | developers insist on making a big deal over.
        
               | Tteriffic wrote:
               | AppClip would be best
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Well, and that all works on Safari...
               | 
               | And that's not what most people consider a PWA.
        
               | sangnoir wrote:
               | I have attended conferences that can be described as
               | "scrappy": flakey oversubscribed wifi, lots of
               | interesting talks and multiple "streams" in different
               | rooms over 2-3 days in a foreign country where my visit
               | was too short to bother to buy a SIM card. Being apple to
               | see the schedule offline would have been a boon, a
               | problem that can be effectively solved by PWAs.
               | 
               | Any app that's geared towards visitors or tourists is
               | better served as a PWA - think of the apps used to pay
               | for transit, or parking in a city you're visiting. A
               | website is Ok, but offline access and a shortcut on the
               | homescreen would be better.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Or you know, go to the agenda before you leave your hotel
               | and convert it to a PDF....
        
         | zer00eyz wrote:
         | I have been making the argument that apple pulling back on this
         | was a "security" issue.
         | 
         | Browsers are more code than most OS's they run on. Hell a
         | browser IS its own operating system for all intents. One that
         | can access the network and do all sorts of bad things on its
         | own.
         | 
         | This matters for the phone. Its a device many people take with
         | them everywhere, bathrooms, bedrooms etc.
         | 
         | Locking PWA's to web kit likely has some underlying security
         | issues. If you dont think browsers aren't full of holes and
         | permissions issues go look at the LAST compromise, Edge
         | snarfing Chrome tabs.
         | 
         | All that said, there are a lot of places where PWA's still
         | suck, because browsers suck.
        
         | fredoralive wrote:
         | IIRC "Web Apps" pinned to the homescreen (which was the thing
         | being broken) are hosted by Springboard (the shell), not Safari
         | as part of the magic so they appear as separate apps. Rather
         | than rework this to allow rendering engine switching, they
         | obviously just decided to turn it off, at least at first.
        
           | rezonant wrote:
           | That part was still present: You could still add a web app to
           | your home screen. It was that it didn't run as a PWA, with
           | the additional features PWAs get.
        
         | mmis1000 wrote:
         | Because it's technically a separate app in ios system, with all
         | storage separation, permission... etc. enforced by the system
         | itself. And ios don't actually allow any app to install another
         | app unlike Android. The pwa install process is a somewhat
         | backdoor build into safari and ios for this specific usage and
         | never made public at first place.
         | 
         | To make this work with another browser. They would need to fix
         | this, make a safe public api for it, and publish it in new ios
         | version. (Which they think it's way too much work and rather
         | want to get rid of it instead)
        
           | adrr wrote:
           | Browser can do the exact same thing as a PWA app. It's using
           | the same web APIs.
           | 
           | Edit: don't know why I am getting downvoted. A web page can
           | do exaxt same thing as a PWA. Access camera,mic, files
           | system, Bluetooth etc, send push notifications here's an
           | example.
           | 
           | https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/FileSystem
        
             | yurishimo wrote:
             | Not to access native push notifications which was the one
             | feature that Apple only just added in 2023.
             | 
             | Sure, Webkit and mobile safari have supported things like
             | service workers for years and years, but we just freaking
             | got notifications and so it felt like they were yanking it
             | back.
             | 
             | But to make push notifications happen, you need a central
             | push server. How do you handle that with a third party
             | browser engine? Where does the browser app request
             | notification access? But then how is that delegated to a
             | separate PWA if you have notifications turned off for the
             | browser specifically? Currently, notifications run through
             | Apple servers on iOS. With third party engine support, that
             | opens a can of worms needed to proxy the requests into an
             | iPhone.
        
               | adrr wrote:
               | PWAs on ios couldn't send them until the it was supported
               | in webkit and safari. Talking security concerns about a
               | PWAs which is the same risk as allowing users browser the
               | internet since it's using the exact same APIs. Banning
               | PWAs security reasons wouldn't make sense unless you just
               | banned users from browsing the internet on the device as
               | well. It's the same security threat.
        
         | brookst wrote:
         | It's super well documented if you care to look. PWA's rely on a
         | Safari service worker running as a system process. Under the
         | current iOS PWA architecture, any browser hosting a PWA can
         | ignore app sandboxing.
         | 
         | I don't understand why people speculate weird conspiracies
         | rather than doing a bit of research to see the actual issue. We
         | can still pile on Apple for a bad design, lack of foresight,
         | and unwillingness to totally rebuild the PWA architecture.
        
       | ingen0s wrote:
       | This is a good news <3
        
       | charcircuit wrote:
       | It was never dead. It was simply being unshipped in the EU until
       | they could get it to be compliant. Compliance takes time and
       | money to do and there are probably not many engineers for
       | building out such a feature and they may have other priorities to
       | balance.
        
         | troupo wrote:
         | > and there are probably not many engineers for building out
         | such a feature
         | 
         | A trillion-dollar company with 161 000 employees that had known
         | about the regulation for two years cannot enable something they
         | already implemented.
        
           | charcircuit wrote:
           | >A trillion-dollar company
           | 
           | A company wants RoI for what they spend money on. Having a
           | high market cap doesn't mean money is able to be spent
           | indescriminantly.
           | 
           | >with 161000 employees
           | 
           | Which may already be assigned to be doing work for something
           | more important to Apple.
           | 
           | >had known about the regulation for two years
           | 
           | There are trade offs a company can make. Knowing about a
           | potential trade off for years does not mean a company will
           | pursue that option.
           | 
           | >cannot enable something they already implemented
           | 
           | PWAs being able to be supported in a secure way across
           | arbitrary browser engines was not already implemented. Making
           | it so PWAs can only use Webkit is a legal trade off that has
           | seemingly been reconsidered since the original announcement.
        
             | troupo wrote:
             | > A company wants RoI for what they spend money on.
             | 
             | Indeed. They bet on being able to flaunt it weasel out of
             | DMA by any means possible. So far that RoI bet hasn't
             | panned out.
             | 
             | Meanwhile you're defending a company that made 93 _billion_
             | dollars in _net profit_ last year.
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | >Meanwhile you're defending a company that made 93
               | billion dollars in net profit last year.
               | 
               | Yes
        
             | jsnell wrote:
             | The ROI is the approximately $100 billion they make in the
             | EU each year. If that doesn't matter to Apple, I guess they
             | could leave the EU market?
             | 
             | The security issues with PWAs were a fabricated excuse.
             | Apple has already mandated security reviews on 3rd party
             | browser engines. All of their claims about malicious
             | browsers sharing PWA information across apps could be
             | caught during those reviews. Either the reviews were never
             | about ensuring security but just performatively putting up
             | roadblocks where they could, or the claims about PWAs on
             | other browsers being a security issue were a cynical lie.
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | >The ROI is the approximately $100 billion they make in
               | the EU each year.
               | 
               | The RoI is how much they make from the PWA feature
               | existing on their device. And yes, the PWA feature did
               | leave the market for a period of time.
               | 
               | >All of their claims about malicious browsers sharing PWA
               | information across apps could be caught during those
               | reviews.
               | 
               | So they get caught and apple has no solution for 3rd
               | parties to fix it so no other engines get approved for
               | PWAs. That is essentially what we have now.
        
         | mort96 wrote:
         | No part of their communication up until now had indicated that
         | PWA removal was a temporary thing.
        
           | charcircuit wrote:
           | From their announcement it was implied that given low user
           | demand it didn't make sense to invest resources. If this
           | changed and more user demand manifested then this decision
           | would change. Additionally overtime the resources needed to
           | add back support may decrease which changes the equation.
        
             | mort96 wrote:
             | This announcement doesn't indicate that any of that has
             | changed. They're not investing resources, they're just ...
             | not removing an existing feature. A feature that they would
             | need to maintain anyways, since it would remain enabled
             | outside the EU.
        
       | nchmy wrote:
       | Great work everybody. I had people literally laughing at me for
       | helping get the word out, saying that it would be impossible to
       | influence a behemoth like Apple.
       | 
       | This goes to show the power that people have when they get
       | together and fight for a common cause.
       | 
       | But the work isn't done! Keep following OWA for news and ways to
       | keep pressuring Apple and the other tech giants in favour of an
       | open, competitive and capable Web.
        
         | seanabrahams wrote:
         | OWA[0]
         | 
         | 0: https://open-web-advocacy.org/
        
         | robertoandred wrote:
         | I think people were laughing at the tactics OWA uses. For
         | example, saying "web apps" are being killed is intentionally
         | misleading.
        
       | rezonant wrote:
       | Fantastic. That's one giant step backwards not taken for the web
       | platform.
        
       | insin wrote:
       | Is there any chance they'll ever allow Safari web extensions to
       | run in PWAs?
        
         | ajross wrote:
         | Browser extensions aren't web apps. It's a definitional thing.
         | The whole model of the PWA is that it's an app implemented
         | using only the fixed set of features, authentication and
         | authorization mechanisms defined by the relevant standards, and
         | thus requires no human to specifically audit and permit the
         | installation. Anyone can put up a web app and run it on
         | anyone's device, and we're all safe (modulo bugs).
         | 
         | Extensions can in principle do anything the browser can, like
         | snoop on traffic with foreign sites, etc... They have more
         | capability (for good reason!), but require some level of
         | authorization to happen by the user and (usually) OS vendor to
         | make sure nothing bad happens. And bad things happen anyway.
        
         | dwaite wrote:
         | It is possible, but unlikely.
         | 
         | Apple will give per-app prompts for system resources like
         | location, but does not really have an iOS 'app prompts for
         | permission to manipulate another app'.
         | 
         | These sorts of permissions are confusing to users, they imply
         | an execution model where both apps will be guaranteed to be
         | runnable side-by-side (rather than one suspended while the
         | other executes), and provide efficient vectors to share
         | privacy/tracking information across those boundaries about the
         | user.
        
         | jespertheend wrote:
         | Last time I checked content blockers already seemed to work in
         | PWAs, but there was no way to disable them.
         | 
         | Ideally, of course, Apple would allow PWAs to use different
         | browser engines and then competing browsers could add support
         | for extensions in PWAs.
        
       | nchmy wrote:
       | Because this article decided not to do so, lets be very clear to
       | give credit where it is due: The Open Web Advocacy group, who has
       | been working for years with regulators around the world, and led
       | this particular fight with an open letter to Tim Cook. It
       | received 5500+ signatures in 3 days.
       | 
       | Here is their debrief post about it:
       | 
       | https://open-web-advocacy.org/blog/apple-backs-off-killing-w...
       | 
       | The fight isn't over though. WebKit is still garbage, so we need
       | to keep pushing until other browser Engines have full
       | capabilities!
        
         | lakpan wrote:
         | I don't think WebKit is garbage. That title belongs to Gecko.
         | Apple picked up their slack with Safari a long time ago. They
         | do have faults with these decisions to intentionally break or
         | not support some features for years, like Push Notificafions.
        
           | brimstedt wrote:
           | Would you mind elaborating?
           | 
           | I still find Firefox superior to safari.
        
           | nottorp wrote:
           | They're all garbage, but you can at least run uBlock Origin
           | in Firefox. Looking forward to being able to do that on my
           | phone too.
        
             | ezfe wrote:
             | Wipr on my iPhone blocks all my ads, INCLUDING YouTube
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | I don't trust commercial apps for something like this,
               | sorry.
               | 
               | Gotta be public code and public block lists.
               | 
               | Also "Wipr blocks all ads ... EU cookie and GDPR
               | notices".
               | 
               | That's another no. I want to see those notices so I can
               | make an opinion on how predatory a web site is by how
               | complex they have made their cookie dialog.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | With a content blocker, you don't have to trust it, no
               | data is being sent. It's like a hosts file.
        
           | jespertheend wrote:
           | Whether it's garbage or not ultimately doesn't matter much.
           | What's more important is the fact that it's the only choice
           | for users on iOS right now. WebKit will never have an
           | incentive to get improved without healthy competition.
        
             | burnerthrow008 wrote:
             | That's right, it doesn't matter! What's important is that
             | pretty soon Chrome will be the only choice for iOS users as
             | websites migrate over to requiring it, just like they
             | started requiring IE back in the day.
             | 
             | I, for one, am eagerly anticipating unlocking the full
             | monetization potential of the web with the demise of
             | functional adblockers like uBO! No longer will Google be
             | forced to support adblockers to remain competitive with
             | Webkit and Gekko! Developers rejoice!
             | 
             | Thank you open-web-advocacy.org for finally killing off all
             | browser competition! You are doing god's work, son.
        
               | hu3 wrote:
               | Mozilla and Google managed to reverse browser monopolies
               | by just being better.
               | 
               | Why can't Apple?
               | 
               | Why is Apple entitled for a free pass on forcing browsers
               | down their users throat?
        
               | burnerthrow008 wrote:
               | > Mozilla and Google managed to reverse browser
               | monopolies by just being better.
               | 
               | Mozilla has reversed a browser monopoly? When? Do you
               | mean back in the late 90's when Mozilla's predecessor
               | (Netscape) lost their monopoly to IE? I guess that's
               | technically true they reversed a monopoly back then...
               | but that's not exactly helping your argument.
               | 
               | Google did it not by creating a good web browser, but by
               | forcing their browser on users of the most heavily-
               | trafficked search site and video steaming site (by
               | breaking features for those who used a different
               | browser). You know, the very same anti-competitive
               | arguments that so many people are wringing their hands
               | about.
               | 
               | > Why can't Apple?
               | 
               | Safari already is a better browser... for _users_. I 'm
               | sorry that it doesn't have let you do the same tracking
               | bullshit that you can do in Chrome, but having Bluetooth
               | and serial number APIs is not something I want in my
               | browser. I'm ever so sorry that it breaks all the cross-
               | site tracking cookies.
               | 
               | The reason Apple can't reverse a monopoly with a better
               | browser is that:
               | 
               | 1. Safari is for iOS and MacOS only. By definition it
               | won't ever rise above the user base of those OSs, which
               | are a small minority in almost all markets. That is also
               | why you don't have to worry about it become it's own
               | monopoly, like Chrome did.
               | 
               | 2. Safari won't add all the user tracking bullshit you
               | want because that is the whole proposition of Apple's
               | ecosystem. You seem to have forgotten what a browser is:
               | It's a _user agent_. It 's supposed to work _for_ the
               | user. But if website owners have the option to steer
               | everyone to the browser that lets them reach into the
               | operating system and pull out the device serial number,
               | they 'll do that.
               | 
               | > Why is Apple entitled for a free pass on forcing
               | browsers down their users throat?
               | 
               | 1. We often let minority players do things that we would
               | not let a monopolist do. For example, Spotify is a
               | gatekeeper to music streaming in the EU (I have to
               | license to them if I want to stream my music to any
               | significant number of EU customers), but the DMA does not
               | apply because they are too small. Apple is a small
               | minority player in the browser market, too.
               | 
               | 2. Building a Chrome-only website (and enforcing that
               | with DRM) today is a non-starter because it means
               | shutting out the small but lucrative Apple customer base.
               | But if iOS users have the option to use Chrome, websites
               | can force visitors to use Chrome instead. Maybe Google
               | will even pay higher ad rates to sites when the customer
               | is a "verified real person". Google will have a hard time
               | determining who a real person when they aren't using
               | Chrome... but I'm sure that won't incentivize websites to
               | steer users to Chrome, right?
               | 
               | 3. If users don't like Safari they have the freedom to
               | pick a different platform. If users don't like Chrome,
               | they have a degraded experience with the primary purpose
               | of a web browser: To visit certain websites.
               | 
               | When Safari is dead and your web browser has become a TV,
               | you can thank the standup folks at Open Web Advocacy
               | organization. It would be so simple to add a provision to
               | the DMA that website owners are not allowed to steer
               | users to a different web browser... yet they don't.
               | Funny, isn't it? I guess this isn't really about anti-
               | competitive behavior after all.
        
               | smoldesu wrote:
               | > Safari already is a better browser... for users.
               | 
               | Bold claim, wanna know how we test it? We let Safari
               | compete with other browsers like it does on Mac. And
               | having spent a lot of time around startups, I can assure
               | you that the majority of Mac developers I've seen aren't
               | daily-driving Safari.
               | 
               | > When Safari is dead and your web browser has become a
               | TV, you can thank the standup folks at Open Web Advocacy
               | organization.
               | 
               | If Apple is the only thing enabling an Open Web, then our
               | web was never open to begin with. Let Safari die, for all
               | I care. Maybe it will encourage Apple to try something
               | different.
        
           | Someone1234 wrote:
           | Professionally, since we dropped IE11 two years ago, we've
           | run into far more bugs with WebKit than both Chromium-based
           | and Firefox combined.
           | 
           | Within the last six months we had a bunch of cross-site
           | cookies break because webKit was handling SameSite outside of
           | spec.
        
         | nottorp wrote:
         | There were news that the EU has begun to ask for developers'
         | opinions about the death of PWAs too. Apple doesn't want the EU
         | to ask for developers' opinions.
        
           | agust wrote:
           | For sure Apple doesn't want anyone to know how it has
           | crippled the web for over a decade, prevented browser
           | competition, and just tried to kill web apps once and for
           | good, that's why they tried to sneak this change without even
           | making it public before two weeks after it was introduced in
           | iOS beta.
        
             | tsbinz wrote:
             | As absurd as it is, Apple forcing people to use
             | Webkit/Safari is, at the moment, good for the browser
             | landscape. You already have websites that say browsers that
             | aren't chromium aren't supported, if iOS didn't force
             | Safari on people this would be way more common as people
             | would flock to chrome and websites decide it isn't worth it
             | to support other browsers.
             | 
             | I use Firefox on my non-work machines ... in an ideal
             | world, enough people would do that to prevent the "best in
             | Internet Explorer" web of the dark ages, but I'll take
             | getting forced to use Webkit on my phone over that, even if
             | I'd prefer a "true" Firefox.
        
               | sircastor wrote:
               | > You already have websites that say browsers that aren't
               | chromium aren't supported
               | 
               | Is Webkit really so far diverged from Blink that the
               | rendering result is different? I realize that Webkit
               | doesn't support a bunch of stuff that Google pushed into
               | Blink (like Web bluetooth, for instance), but I thought
               | the end result wasn't that different.
        
               | agust wrote:
               | Blink was forked 12 years ago, and the size of the team
               | behind Chrome is probably at least ten times the size of
               | the team behind Safari. So yes, there are _major_
               | differences between two, and it 's not just additional
               | advanced APIs like Web Bluetooth. WebKit is lagging
               | behind in all areas and ridden with bugs.
        
               | agust wrote:
               | Apple banning browser engines is what has prevented the
               | web from becoming relevant on mobile, and the reason why
               | browsers like Firefox cannot distinguish themselves from
               | Safari and end up becoming irrelevant.
               | 
               | So no, it is not in anyway good for the browser landscape
               | or the web, it only serves the interest of one company:
               | Apple.
        
             | scarface_74 wrote:
             | That must be why web apps are so great on Android devices
             | and why companies avoid publishing to the Google Play Store
             | to avoid the "Google tax"...
        
         | robertoandred wrote:
         | Nah, that open web advocacy place uses slimy tactics to muddy
         | the situation while omitting details. Just look at that article
         | you linked to: calling PWAs "web apps" is super misleading.
        
         | fsflover wrote:
         | Related discussion:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39563982
        
       | pjmlp wrote:
       | Congrats everyone, it isn't cool that Web is practically
       | ChromeOS, on the other hand Apple's behaviour as spoiled child
       | against EU is much worse.
       | 
       | It was either this, or having to explain EU why PWAs work just
       | fine on Android and Windows, and not on iDevices.
        
       | sylware wrote:
       | The real fight is to get major online services to have safe and
       | available noscript/basic (x)html portals. Because running on
       | google blink|geeko or apple webkit is no better than native
       | google|apple apps.
        
       | laserlight wrote:
       | I'm not sure who backed off here, Apple or DMA officials. Apple's
       | argument was that they wouldn't be able to enforce some privacy
       | and security restrictions, _if_ PWAs were running on a third-
       | party browser engine. If DMA hadn 't required PWAs to run on
       | third-party browser engines, then Apple wouldn't have any
       | concerns in the first place.
       | 
       | From [0]:
       | 
       | > "This support means Home Screen web apps continue to be built
       | directly on WebKit and its security architecture, and align with
       | the security and privacy model for native apps on iOS," Apple
       | explains today.
       | 
       | [0] https://9to5mac.com/2024/03/01/apple-home-screen-web-apps-
       | io...
        
         | rejhgadellaa wrote:
         | Nowhere in Apple's statement or anywhere else does it say that
         | the EU agrees with this. It's just Apple announcing a plan. I
         | can imagine them being like "we showed we'd be willing to kill
         | PWAs entirely, so they surely will be OK with our olive branch
         | here and let us keep our WebKit restriction in place for PWAs"
         | 
         | But I'm not so sure. I certainly don't hope so.
         | 
         | The EU isn't stupid. They very much capable enough to see
         | Apple's shenanigans for what they are.
        
       | aptgetrekt wrote:
       | Does anyone else think that this was the plan all along? Apple
       | gave us the worst possible outcome so that this now seems like a
       | win.
        
         | zamadatix wrote:
         | Maybe, maybe not. It can also be explained by Apple wanting to
         | do the minimum required. First choice: no PWA support at all,
         | Second choice: PWA support independent of custom browser
         | support, and final choice (most work): PWA support on top of
         | the custom browser support.
         | 
         | The only thing we know for certain is Apple has shown no
         | interest in making the best user experience given the rules vs
         | complying with the rules only where required to.
        
       | monero-xmr wrote:
       | It should be obvious to everyone that Apple is Microsoft of the
       | 1990s vintage. There isn't a lot of innovation in hardware that
       | requires huge numbers of people to upgrade their phones and
       | laptops as often as they did before. This requires services
       | revenue to make up for it, and Apple is taking very aggressive
       | tactics to ensure the App Store cash cow continues. They are
       | fighting in every battlefield and spending enormous legal and
       | tactical resources to do so. Any wedge into their closed
       | ecosystem, from alternative app stores to side loading to web
       | apps to alternative payment rails, must be prevented at all
       | costs.
        
         | orev wrote:
         | For people using Windows, Microsoft of the 2020s is also like
         | Microsoft of the 1990s, and possibly even worse. All the
         | bundled apps, cloud requirements, "accidental" pushes of
         | features that people had already declined, telemetry, etc.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Perhaps, but Apple in the 2020s is certainly worse than
           | Microsoft in the 1990s.
           | 
           | At least Microsoft has Microsoft Research. All Apple does is
           | milking developers.
        
       | aptgetrekt wrote:
       | Does it seem like this was the plan all along to anyone else?
       | Apple gave us the worst possible outcome so that this now seems
       | like a win.
        
         | TrianguloY wrote:
         | I was gonna say this. They need to allow third party browsers
         | the ability to create PWAs, but they can't (or don't want to).
         | So instead they just disabled it, saying that it was not
         | possible, and wait for the backlash to restore it for them
         | only.
         | 
         | Now we are at the beginning, PWAs are locked to Apple...but
         | apparently that's good? I don't understand...
        
           | zarzavat wrote:
           | If this was their plan it's not a good one. There's no
           | indication that the EU was interested in PWAs before this,
           | but now Apple have made it a cause celebre and brought the
           | issue to the attention of the EU.
           | 
           | Hanlon's razor should be applied.
        
       | Squarex wrote:
       | Thanks god! I've already started porting my personal app from
       | sveltekit pwa to react native...
        
         | YetAnotherNick wrote:
         | Why not just use WebView?
        
       | megaman821 wrote:
       | As a fan of PWAs, I like the direction this is headed. Apple will
       | both have to open up PWAs to other browser engines while
       | increasing the abilities of PWAs in Safari. App developers will
       | realize 80% of apps are fine as PWAs and it is a great way to
       | avoid the app store.
        
         | nickthegreek wrote:
         | > For support, the Progressive Web Apps will still need to be
         | built on WebKit, with all that entails.
         | 
         | They are not opening PWA's to other browser engines.
        
           | megaman821 wrote:
           | For the time being, their excuse of not having enough time to
           | validate and secure those capabilities seems valid. In a
           | year, that won't seem as reasonable, and other browser
           | engines will rightly complain.
        
       | rejhgadellaa wrote:
       | To anyone reading this as "the EU is okay with PWAs being
       | restricted to Safari/Webkit":
       | 
       | (I've seen a couple of those comments go around here on HN)
       | 
       | I don't think so. Nowhere in Apple's announcement does it say
       | "the EU is okay with this".
       | 
       | What Apple has announced today is a(n update to their) _plan_ to
       | comply with the DMA. The EU won 't actually do anything until
       | March 7th (the deadline for compliance). The fact that they _did_
       | do something following Apple 's announcements regarding PWAs just
       | shows _how obviously ludicrous_ those plans were. The EU
       | recognized the urgency of the situation and acted [1] - If Apple
       | would have shipped this update, many existing PWAs would stop
       | working overnight, those apps would jump ship and offer their PWA
       | in the App Store with (no way back?) and the damage to the
       | reputation of PWAs would have been done: Apple would 've sent a
       | message that you can not rely on the web to reach your customers
       | on iOS.
       | 
       | Nowhere does anyone say that the EU is OK with PWAs being
       | restricted to WebKit. In fact, the DMA demands the opposite:
       | Apple has to open up iOS to 3rd party browsers, and Apple can't
       | self-preference Safari/WebKit for any of its features. Like, say,
       | run PWAs.
       | 
       | I have read lots of comments and posts that said something along
       | the lines of "Apple doesn't want other browsers to run Service
       | Workers". That's not the reason for the attempt to remove PWAs on
       | iOS. Service Workers are not PWA-only, every regular website in a
       | browser tab can have a Service Worker. PWAs can be added to the
       | home screen just fine without one. They are not mutually
       | exclusive.
       | 
       | Apple removed PWA support so they would not have to open up the
       | APIs to other browsers. Period.
       | 
       | So, to circle back to "the EU is okay with PWAs being restricted
       | to Safari/Webkit":
       | 
       | I very much doubt it. Apple has announced a plan to comply,
       | forgot to mention they were going to kill support for PWAs, then
       | did confirm it (only took them 2 weeks), and now they backed
       | down. We're back where we left off a month ago - and I believe
       | the EU is very much going to have an opinion on the WebKit
       | restriction Apple is trying to keep in place.
       | 
       | [1] The EU only announced they would start an investigation
       | AFAIK, which is a long way from actually enforcing anything.
        
         | ivanjermakov wrote:
         | You've posted your comment twice.
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Might have been a mistake? I've killed the other one as a
           | dupe now (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39565557).
        
       | whywhywhywhy wrote:
       | Don't agree with politicians using this as a money making
       | opportunity with no clear rules where the money can be spent.
       | 
       | Would be happier if it were burned to be honest.
        
         | kevingadd wrote:
         | I don't understand how this is politicians making money. It
         | happens all the time, sure, but what about the DMA is making
         | politicians rich?
        
       | andy_ppp wrote:
       | I might try an Android if Apple keep being dicks.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | When will apps on iOS get the same status as apps on MacOS?
       | 
       | Apple can't keep hiding behind the "it's for your own safety",
       | because everything they argue about happens on MacOS already.
       | 
       | A modern smartphone is a capable computer, yet I still feel like
       | I'm carrying an expensive brick in my pocket.
        
       | t00 wrote:
       | Just. Stop. Using. Their. Products.
       | 
       | Apologies but it had to be said.
        
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