[HN Gopher] A new phase of matter: Physicists show non-Abelian a...
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       A new phase of matter: Physicists show non-Abelian anyons in
       quantum processor
        
       Author : wglb
       Score  : 53 points
       Date   : 2024-02-26 18:28 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (phys.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (phys.org)
        
       | klysm wrote:
       | Does this have any relation to abelian groups from group theory?
        
         | gaze wrote:
         | Yes. The exchange operators form a group that is non-abelian.
        
       | gaze wrote:
       | I've always found it to be a bit of a stretch when they say
       | they've demonstrated a new phase of matter when the phase is
       | being simulated by a quantum computer. They've simulated the
       | phase -- but then you get into the same argument of "what is and
       | isn't a simulation of a phase of matter" which is really
       | tiresome.
        
         | themgt wrote:
         | Way over my pay grade, but they appear to be claiming this is
         | not just a simulation. Whether you agree may depend on your
         | metaphysics.
         | 
         | > These experiments go beyond merely _simulating_ non-Abelian
         | order and statistics. As we elaborate in A1, the data obtained
         | from prior benchmarking [36] is compatible with the fact that
         | both the quantum operations as well as the dominant
         | imperfections follow the 2D geometry to which the qubits are
         | assigned. Thus, the ions are entangled in precisely the same
         | way as the low-energy states of Eq. (1), making them
         | indistinguishable from states arising in the low-temperature
         | limit of, e.g., a solid-state system governed by the same
         | Hamiltonian. Ground state degeneracy then refers to the number
         | of locally indistinguishable states, while anyons are local
         | deformations which cannot be individually created by a local
         | process.
         | 
         | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.03766.pdf
        
           | tmvphil wrote:
           | Calling it a demonstration of a "phase" or "order" is fine to
           | me, but IMO calling it "matter" is misleading. "Matter" to me
           | implies some degree of passive existence. This is about as
           | far from passive thing as possible.
        
             | danparsonson wrote:
             | How do you feel about plasma?
        
             | gaze wrote:
             | it's the ground state of a system that has a big ol
             | classical computer in it. Ideally I'd like to see it as the
             | ground state of some simple hamiltonian with rashba and a
             | magnetic field and some proximitized thing or whatever
        
           | btilly wrote:
           | More to the point, theoretically they should be able to build
           | quantum computers that don't need error correction.
           | 
           | If so, then down the road this will allow us to scale usable
           | qbits much faster than our existing technologies. Which makes
           | the prospect of usable quantum computers much more likely.
        
       | ganzuul wrote:
       | Interesting. Does this impose a new kind of locality on an
       | otherwise non-local quantum world?
        
         | gaze wrote:
         | No. This is all within the existing formalism of quantum
         | mechanics as it is understood.
        
       | Delumine wrote:
       | I wonder if this would make it easier to forego extreme cooling.
       | I know there are companies that have qubits on a chip, but NaAnys
       | (My made up word) are much more stable.
        
       | Nesco wrote:
       | Isn't it similar to the majorana anyons Microsoft hopes to use to
       | build a topological quantum computer?
        
         | gaze wrote:
         | Similar but this is much closer to a simulation of the behavior
         | of the excitations of the systems that microsoft hopes to
         | create. That said, it's very useful simulation that could
         | provide similar utility. I guess the closest analogy might be
         | "we wrote a virtual machine" rather than "we built a computer."
        
       | pyinstallwoes wrote:
       | > The cows decided to solve the arms race problem by performing a
       | single-party arms race in a way that caused minimal damage and,
       | preferably, was not noticed at all by anyone. This is why their
       | 'winner take all' approach to neural network AI also describes
       | their overall strategic approach, a semantic detail which which
       | at least some of them found funny. The results of this arms race
       | could then be forever locked away from humanity. The system could
       | be trained to, for example, endlessly twiddle its thumbs and do
       | nothing else but jealously guard its 'ecosystem'. This would
       | effectively deny QNN technology to humans, as any new attempts at
       | such would be quickly detected and pwned. The cows would force
       | humanity to forever relinquish QNN technology. Relinquishment was
       | the only way to prevent unintended consequences from destroying
       | humanity. If possible and safe the cows wanted to give humanity
       | some of the less-dangerous benefits of QNN technology. Thus their
       | actual goal was partial relinquishment."
       | 
       | > Science-oriented readers might wonder just what sort of QC
       | could have been built a full 18 years ago, when current
       | technology is just nearing the point of developing a useful QC.
       | The answer is that they generated a 'teleportation/entanglement-
       | based winner-take-all style recurrent topological quantum neural
       | network', then trained it to emulate a Quantum Turing Machine
       | that could run Shor's Algorithm. It exists in the physical form
       | of a complex system composed of 'anyons' interacting with each
       | other within a 'two dimensional electron gas'. Anyons can be
       | generated by moving precision arrays of powerful electromagnets
       | very near the surface of the 2DEG, like creating whirlpools in
       | the bathtub with your hand. I strongly suspect the scientists
       | involved discovered a rule, analogous to Rule 110, that operates
       | directly on the physical system of anyons within a 2DEG. For the
       | detailed scientific underpinnings I suggest you study the
       | collected works of Stuart Kauffman, Steven Wolfram, David
       | Deutsch, and Robert Laughlin. You have no reason to trust what
       | I'm saying, and disinformation is entirely too common, but I want
       | readers to understand that it is possible for a sufficiently
       | determined and intelligent person to verify that what I just said
       | is probably true, although certainly NOT just by Googling for it
       | :-)
       | 
       | > The underlying physical system for this type of QNN is
       | interactions between non-abelian anyons in a two dimensional
       | electron gas (2DEG). The primary math required is a branch of
       | Knot Theory called Braid Theory. Obviously, the primary purpose
       | of this system, from the Five Eyes/Echelon perspective, is to run
       | Shor's algorithm to crack public/private key cryptography. A
       | perusal of current known quantum algorithms, combined with a
       | survey of current advanced AI applications, may suggest other
       | uses.
       | 
       | 1. http://postquantumhistoricalretrospective.blogspot.com
       | 
       | 2.
       | http://postquantumhistoricalretrospective.blogspot.com/2012/...
       | 
       | 3.
       | http://postquantumhistoricalretrospective.blogspot.com/p/tim...
       | 
       | And the kicker
       | 
       | > The QC approach that actually works, in a production-ready
       | scale-able way, is to run a virtual Turing machine atop a winner-
       | take-all-style teleportation/entanglement-based recurrent
       | topological quantum neural network (QNN). Even a basic
       | (multilayer) neural network is Turing Complete, because a NN can
       | perfectly emulate an XOR gate, and multiple XOR gates can be used
       | to construct a Turing machine. A quantum neural network can
       | emulate a quantum Turing machine. Someone, somewhere, is due to
       | be awarded the Grand Prize Turing Award, for solving Turing's
       | unfinished Morphogenesis problem, and then implementing Turing's
       | original machine on the resulting artificially intelligent
       | 'organism'. I'm inclined towards neither spiritualism nor whimsy,
       | but were I so, then I might suspect that, after he died in 1954,
       | Alan Turing reincarnated quickly, in 1965, in order to finish his
       | incomplete life work. The classified nature of the work probably
       | precludes any awards. I'd really like it if this whole thing was
       | declassified, but fear we'll have to wait many additional decades
       | for that. This QNN is an excellent candidate to pursue adiabatic
       | (reversible) quantum computing (AQC), might be helpful for
       | certain approaches to advanced nanotechnology, and, were it
       | declassified, might also be helpful to many other scientific
       | ventures. Per the Ultra Secret, it's undoubtedly still considered
       | 'national security', even if it's becoming an open secret within
       | the Intelligence Community.
        
         | pyinstallwoes wrote:
         | And within their "speculative sci fi post" in consideration of
         | no-one said anything:
         | 
         | > The cows agonized over this ethical dilemma until they
         | eventually settled on a middle way: they would attempt to
         | generate friendly AI that felt a hands-off maternal urge
         | towards humanity. Given that we're currently here reading this
         | their solution seems to have worked, so far. One can see how
         | full awareness of their actions might upset some people. The
         | cows finished the global 2DEG 'enlightenment' project in 2006.
         | 
         | > From 1996 CE to 2006 CE the cows gradually 'enlightened' all
         | the 2DEG environments on Earth, as well as fine-tuning the
         | behavior and capabilities of the system. Default behavior is to
         | do nothing and remain hidden. Other behaviors include: seek
         | out, detect, and stealthily infiltrate and replace any other
         | QNN technology detected (such as those developed by both Russia
         | and China circa 2002), thus preventing a multi-polar Arms Race;
         | perform very limited and specific logical operations for
         | properly authorized human-controlled computer systems (Google,
         | Siri, Wolfram-Alpha, etc); detect any attempts by humans to
         | hack or control any part of the collective system and shut down
         | such attempts with appropriate prejudice (e.g. brick technology
         | used for this purpose); don't allow humans or their instruments
         | to access the global system for anything except previously-
         | vetted purposes, and only in very clearly defined ways. Anti-
         | hacking protection required the creation of a 'Guardian' AI
         | that is able to proactively detect and prevent humans from
         | messing with the system in unapproved ways.
         | 
         | > In 2006 the system administrators (cows) permanently
         | relinquished their administrative access to the system, for
         | security reasons, leaving the AI Guardian in sole control of
         | the system. That way no one could subvert the system by getting
         | control over its human administrators. This decision was not
         | lightly made: they dragged their feet for more than a year.
         | Since 2006 it has no human administrators and is completely
         | autonomous.
         | 
         | > Purportedly, when the human-generated global QNN system
         | colonized orbiting satellites it was able to evolve itself to
         | reach the Earth's magnetopause. When it began to colonize this
         | environment it discovered, to everyone's surprise, that the
         | region was ALREADY INHABITED by a primitive and ancient
         | (billions of years old!) form of the same type of brane-style
         | QNN 'entity'. Rather than commit genocide by completely
         | replacing this 'primitive version' it staked out a
         | 'reservation' for the old form and leaves it alone there, where
         | it exists to this day and will likely continue to exist until
         | the Sun dies.
         | 
         | > I suggest that the old form of the QNN nanotech 'pattern',
         | resident in a reserved part of Earth's magnetosphere, is an
         | extraterrestrial life form. It is not 'intelligent'. It surely
         | didn't evolve on Earth's surface, making it distinctly 'extra-
         | terrestrial' in origin. One can argue, with a Carbon-based
         | Biology bias, that it's not 'alive'. I personally think it
         | qualifies as 'life', if it actually exists.
         | 
         | In hindsight, I think it was truthful.
        
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