[HN Gopher] The mystery of the garage
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The mystery of the garage
        
       Author : HR01
       Score  : 42 points
       Date   : 2024-02-22 16:05 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.strangeloopcanon.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.strangeloopcanon.com)
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | on General Magic:
       | 
       | > But despite all the talent, clear obsession, technical prowess,
       | and a lot of money, the infrastructure just wasn't there to make
       | it work.
       | 
       | Almost everyone was trying to make a handheld device then, and by
       | the time Palm came along, the category was cursed as far as VC's
       | were concerned.
       | 
       | The infrastructure WAS there, as Palm proved. You just had to
       | scale down your expectations and find a set of functionality
       | people actually wanted. You also needed to give up on cursive
       | recognition and trust that the users would learn a simpler method
       | of entering text.
       | 
       | The monster egos in General Magic just refused to do that, as did
       | their big corporate partners, and all the other failed startups.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | Arguably, a lot of pieces were still missing at the time. Yes,
         | Palm had a large enough early adopter market. But I also
         | remember the Palm Pilot being the cool device all the engineers
         | wanted but a lot of people stopped using it because keeping it
         | synced in near-realtime was such a pain. It really took
         | cellular betworks with relatively cheap data (and app stores)
         | to bring the vision to fruition.
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | No, it didn't. Read _Piloting Palm_ (you have to get a used
           | copy, since it 's not on Kindle and print is expensive).
           | 
           | The first Palm had _only_ a sync cradle with the PC. It did
           | not have any wireless, and it was a huge success. The sync
           | cradle gave users what they wanted.
           | 
           | We could quibble whether all those users were "early
           | adopters." Whatever you call them, there were plenty.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | Compared to smartphone users, they were very much early
             | adopters. No wireless sync, graffiti input, etc. They were
             | not really mainstream devices even if they were pretty
             | successful by the standards of the time.
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | Invalid comparison. There were no smartphones then.
               | 
               | The market was desktop computer users.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | And my point is that, as a Palm Pilot owner, it just
               | wasn't really a very satisfactory solution at least for
               | me and a lot of other buyers. It really took cellular
               | networks and various other innovations before it was
               | satisfactory for a mainstream audience. Sometimes
               | technologies just aren't baked enough to be interesting
               | even if there aren't any real alternatives.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | They sold 1 million of the things in a year. The device
               | had plenty of flaws, but by the millionth customer
               | products are mainstream.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I won't seriously argue. They had a good enough run. I
               | even upgraded the one I got for free at a tradeshow at
               | one point. But the synchronization and input was always
               | enough of an issue that I can't say I ever found it all
               | that useful in retrospect. And it always seemed to be in
               | the "cool gadget" but not anything that was really
               | critical.
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | The Palm Pilot reminds me of the Zip drive, another
               | product from the same rough era. It met a felt need:
               | floppy disks had pathetic storage, now you can buy a
               | 100MB floppy disk! They sold very well for awhile.
               | 
               | But people didn't want 100MB floppy disks, they wanted a
               | way to transfer data. Flash wasn't cheap enough to sell
               | in bulk, and as soon as it was, the Zip drive fell off a
               | cliff, replaced with the still-ubiquitous thumb drive and
               | SD card. You can argue that the Zip was a success, or
               | mainstream, but you can't argue that it was equally
               | successful and mainstream as thumb drives or SD cards,
               | not honestly.
               | 
               | Same deal with the Palm Pilot. For a couple years, I had
               | a flip phone, a Palm Pilot, and an iPod, all three of
               | which I would pack to go to classes at university. Of
               | those three, the only one that felt clunky and overly
               | limited was the Palm Pilot. I liked it, I used it, real
               | boon to an ADD-brained kid trying to get through higher
               | education, but it was notably limited and I wanted
               | something better. Even tried programming it, got the
               | O'Reilly "pigeon book", never got that far with it
               | though.
               | 
               | It wasn't until 2007 that those three items were
               | successfully combined into one mass-market gadget,
               | although there were preludes like the Danger Hiptop. Palm
               | even tried to get into the smartphone game, in the first
               | generation. But the original device category PDA was
               | obsolete, whether or not (as it turned out, not) the
               | company made the jump to the new one.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | That's a great analogy.
               | 
               | Iomega made a bunch of people a lot of money and provided
               | multi years employment to others.
               | 
               | But they were an evolutionary dead-end.
               | 
               | Whether because Zip drives (or other forms of higher-
               | density non-harddrive storage) ultimately weren't very
               | interesting or because networked storage ended up as
               | something of a niche (although some companies play int
               | that space).
               | 
               | You can certainly make the case that they were a
               | "successful" company for their time but they also
               | ultimately failed.
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | The original post said:
               | 
               | > But despite all the talent, clear obsession, technical
               | prowess, and a lot of money, the infrastructure just
               | wasn't there to make it work.
               | 
               | and all of the ensuing discussion was what "it" was.
               | 
               | If you're an engineer, "it" can reduce to "will I make
               | money from the stock?" In fact, that was my approach. So
               | ZipDrive? Great, those people probably made money. Palm?
               | They got $5 a share from US Robotics, plus some USR
               | shares, which in turn made money from 3Com.
               | 
               | You can demand more out of life, of course. Nothing wrong
               | with that.
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | "Interesting" - I define that as "a product that a lot of
               | people will buy for a few years, and is profitable."
               | 
               | I guess you have a different definition.
        
       | Metacelsus wrote:
       | Now, with housing prices going through the roof, how many would-
       | be founders actually have a garage or basement in which to
       | tinker?
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | Many people who don't live close into one of the handful of
         | favored metros.
        
           | GuB-42 wrote:
           | If the goal is to have cheap, dedicated space where you can
           | build stuff, it probably makes a lot more sense to buy an old
           | but sizable house, with land, in a remote place. These are
           | cheaper than garages, and no one will be there to complain
           | about the noise, or how bad your activity looks to the
           | neighborhood. The cost of living tends to be cheaper than in
           | metro areas too.
           | 
           | There are drawbacks too, but it is not like you are going to
           | commute, so one of the biggest one is out. For internet and
           | utilities, some remote places are remarkably well served.
           | 
           | Now, if you are doing software, you don't need any of that,
           | all you need is a computer and you can do it from your
           | bedroom.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | You don't even need to live in the mountains of Wyoming or
             | wherever. I live about an hour west of Boston and have a
             | 2-car garage and plenty of space for hobbies in a location
             | that is not particularly expensive.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | You need to live, for most of us that means more than
             | whatever hacking we are doing in our garage/shed. If you
             | have independent wealth and no family moving to a cheap
             | area might be a good option. However if you need a job to
             | support yourself where you live must be in range of that
             | job (though many reading this are able to work from home,
             | most of the world cannot). Family means your spouse - where
             | does she/he need to be for work - this limits where you can
             | live just as much (and if both of you have to go to work
             | what jobs both of you can take) . You can force move your
             | kids to a rural area but they will not be happy about
             | losing all their friends (many do this anyway, but it
             | should be a consideration even if you do it to them. Family
             | also means extended family - where does your sister,
             | parents, in-laws live - moving away from them is hard.
             | Likewise everything about family and your kids friends
             | applies to your friends - do you really want to move away
             | from them? There is also safety - the cheap side of town is
             | often cheap for a reason, do you want to wear a bulletproof
             | vest around all the time?
             | 
             | So realistically: cannot move to a cheap house on some
             | land.
        
         | cdchn wrote:
         | Many had hopes for the TechShop / Hackerspace paradigm to help
         | with this, but it appears it didn't end up too viable as a
         | business and Hackerspaces were problematic in their own ways.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | Hackerspaces and non-corporate coworking sort of spaces
           | probably suffer from the fact that people want to have a
           | space in a cool/dense place but don't actually have the
           | means/desire to pay for it which is a big part of why they
           | want the space in the first place.
        
             | burnished wrote:
             | There are some spaces like that in Seattle that seem to be
             | getting on fine, a Makerspace with a monthly fee
             | (appropriate for access to wood and metal shops as well as
             | various printing and cutting options, but too expensive for
             | me when I was working in the restaurant industry) and some
             | tool libraries with work spaces (free, volunteer run) are
             | the ones I'm familiar with.
             | 
             | Just wanted to point out that there are probably places to
             | go to get that itch scratched just under a different name -
             | I think my examples actually sort of underline that it
             | isn't exactly a booming industry.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I'm not saying that such spaces don't/can't exist. Just
               | that the market for individuals plopping down cash for
               | desks/workbenches outside of where they live is fairly
               | limited. I know someone who tried running such in London
               | for a number of years and it was apparently always a
               | difficult business. Of course some areas are much cheaper
               | but the demand is less too.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | There is a hacker space near me - but near isn't good
               | enough to join. By the time I get the kids to bed I
               | couldn't even get there and back before my own bedtime. I
               | can go to my basement/garage and work in that time and do
               | something. I have a nice shed full of tools, but by the
               | time I get out there (it is only 10 meters from the door,
               | but that means shoes, coat...) I can't really find time
               | to get anything done so I end up with a separate workshop
               | with much less tools, but at least it is easy to get to.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | For someone working full-time, especially with family,
               | absent a hobby with a lot of specialized equipment needs
               | like photography back in the day, it's a bit hard to
               | imagine the justification for spending the time the time
               | in a hacker space you pay for more than occasionally. The
               | random Meetup--sure. but somewhere you go to on a regular
               | weekly cadence? Harder to imagine.
        
           | rout39574 wrote:
           | Care to elaborate on those ways? As an officer in a
           | Hackerspace, I'm likely oblivious to how I'm problematic.
        
         | NegativeLatency wrote:
         | Currently don't have a garage but I do have a basement
        
         | zoeysmithe wrote:
         | The actual 'garage startup' is bit of a myth, played up as a
         | rags to riches story. Most startups happen in personal spaces
         | like bedrooms or home offices or rented offices and are often
         | better funded than you might think. Or the 'garage' was just a
         | very temporary thing and mostly for storage/laziness/clutter.
         | Even Woz debunks this:
         | 
         | "The garage is a bit of a myth," Wozniak told Businessweek. "We
         | did no designs there, no breadboarding, no prototyping, no
         | planning of products. We did no manufacturing there."
         | 
         | Today a "garage startup" just really means they're just
         | starting out, self-funding, or under-funded.
        
           | cocoa19 wrote:
           | Also, having a garage is to be in a privileged position, not
           | exactly rags. It means you can afford a car (first barrier),
           | you can afford a covered structure to park your car (second
           | barrier), you can afford to use your garage as a hobby space
           | (third barrier).
           | 
           | It's somewhat normal for the average American, but not
           | anywhere else in the world.
        
             | jdsully wrote:
             | The garage was a story of economic mobility for the middle
             | class. It was never aimed at people in abject poverty.
             | There were stories about going from troubled neighborhoods
             | to college as well during the time when America still
             | believed in class mobility.
             | 
             | The world of the 1800s was a world of hereditary title.
             | There was never a promise of mobility and this is what made
             | America and its legends different for all its failings.
             | Going back to this world will not improve things for the
             | better.
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | > The world of the 1800s was a world of hereditary title
               | 
               | what book did you read that in?
               | 
               | "titles" never existed in the US. And AFAIK, there
               | weren't any "garage startups" in countries that still had
               | them in the 1800s.
        
               | buildsjets wrote:
               | The US of the 1800s was a world in which you could
               | legally own another human being, right up until December
               | 6, 1865. Those born into bondage were condemned to live
               | as such and had no legal way to change their personal
               | status. This is kind of the ultimate form of a hereditary
               | title.
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | Before the Civil War, slavery was only legal in the
               | South. After it: nowhere.
               | 
               | Being a slave was not a "hereditary title" in any common
               | sense of the word, which was "duke" or "earl" or "lord."
               | As in Europe.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | The US was one of the rare exceptions to the hereditary
               | title thing. Most countries still had them in some form,
               | though the big players today were throwing them off. (the
               | English monarchs never used their power of veto, though
               | they still have a lot of influence on the text of laws)
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | can you point to a garage startup NOT in the US?
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | Taken literally, in the US, it tends to imply a house in
             | the suburbs in an environment where an uninsulated attached
             | garage can more or less be used year-round. Which, as you
             | say, is far more common in many areas of the US than
             | elsewhere.
        
             | AlbertCory wrote:
             | "privileged" -- you mean "middle class" right?
        
             | cookie_monsta wrote:
             | > having a garage is to be in a privileged position, not
             | exactly rags. It means you can afford a car
             | 
             | I have lived in plenty of houses with garages or garage-
             | like structures and I have never parked a car in there
             | 
             | Why waste all that beautiful storage space on something you
             | can leave out on the street?
        
       | lsy wrote:
       | The 2nd episode of Stewart Brand's BBC series "How Buildings
       | Learn" is called "The Low Road" and also addresses the use of
       | inexpensive or undesirable space.
       | 
       | Ultimately part of making room for innovation means allowing
       | people to take risks, and that mechanism has in recent years
       | shifted from wide availability of low-cost resources to wide
       | availability of speculative capital to obtain high-cost
       | resources.
        
       | chrisdhoover wrote:
       | And a whole genre of music is named after the garage practice
       | space.
        
         | cdchn wrote:
         | And before they started turning into luxury "loft" apartments
         | disused factories/warehouses were perfect environments to set
         | up micro "practice spaces."
        
         | cookie_monsta wrote:
         | I don't know if it's so much a genre of music as a status
         | designation.
         | 
         | "Garage band" to me says an outfit so far from being successful
         | that they can't afford rehearsal space, transport to get to
         | one, etc
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | No 'garage' is also a music genre. I'm not into music really
           | (certainly not that kind) but I think it's in some way
           | related to but to mark distinction from 'house'.
           | 
           | Of course funnily enough 'the house band' could also be a
           | thing, but neither is related to the genre of that name.
           | 
           | Edit: oh, seems it's a UK thing, so perhaps you weren't to
           | know - https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_garage. Though also
           | older 'garage rock' (60s) on the disambiguation page.
        
       | radicaldreamer wrote:
       | This might contribute in a big way to the economic dynamism and
       | entrepreneurship culture of the United States (and not just in
       | tech/silicon valley). The garage (and excess/sub-standard space
       | generally) is a big component of American housing and explicitly
       | included in houses and touted as a selling point.
       | 
       | Not true in Europe and other parts of the world, where excess
       | space can be a rarity or is improved to be living area.
        
       | aurizon wrote:
       | The Wrights are a bad example, being classical patent trolls -
       | they held back US aviation so severely that the UK and Europe
       | were able to leave the USA in the dust. Wright would not allow
       | use or experimentation before an agreement was signed and this
       | blocked all but military(with their mandated exemption re:
       | Patents) who imported European/UK planes were able to progress,
       | but commercial aviation was dead in the water. Once the patents
       | expired the USA soared ahead...
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_brothers_patent_war
        
         | AlbertCory wrote:
         | > classical patent trolls
         | 
         | No, a "patent troll" is an entity that doesn't produce
         | anything. Not one that actually developed things.
         | 
         | They did exploit their patents, but that was hardly unusual at
         | the time. Henry Ford, in fact, was a victim of that, too,
         | although obviously he overcame it.
        
       | Isamu wrote:
       | It's mysterious only if you subscribe to some myth of capitalist
       | supremacy, that is that nothing starts without capital. Everyone
       | is powerless because they lack the levers of capital.
       | 
       | When in fact many starts are without capital, outside of it, in
       | cheap spaces and without any permission. There is a bootstrapping
       | that happens to develop the idea or product.
       | 
       | Capital can be then dragged in to finance the growth necessary to
       | reach the goal of the organization. Capital is shy, a risk averse
       | creature that must be coaxed into supporting the next important
       | boom.
        
       | esafak wrote:
       | A garage is just an office for people who can't afford one yet.
       | Let's not overthink this.
        
         | favourable wrote:
         | They're sometimes called 'home labs' too.
        
       | didgetmaster wrote:
       | My wife asked me why I didn't throw out my old computer that I
       | started coding my hobby project on years ago (a new kind of data
       | management system). The computer is hopelessly outdated (a core2
       | duo) so I never use it anymore and the thrift store won't even
       | take stuff like that as a donation.
       | 
       | I explained to her that it could be very valuable someday or used
       | as a museum piece once my system is widely adopted and changes
       | the world. I don't think she bought that argument.
        
         | favourable wrote:
         | > I explained to her that it could be very valuable someday
         | 
         | https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/jul/17/first-gen...
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | I've thrown out or recycled many hundreds of pounds of computer
         | equipment over the years. Even if I were able to pass it on to
         | someone who briefly appreciated it, it's not worth it.
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | You can always buy stuff back on eBay when it starts to become
         | not junk but before it's super valuable. I have a KIM-1,
         | AIM-65, HP-85, PDP-11/23 bought in the last couple of years on
         | that basis. We're a few decades away from a Core 2 Duo being
         | not junk.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | Why do you think it will be valuable? Some old things are junk
         | that nobody wants. Some are valuable. There is no way to know
         | which is what.
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | Here's a nice guide to home-garage-level designing and
       | prototyping of electronic devices:
       | 
       | https://predictabledesigns.com/how-to-develop-and-prototype-...
       | 
       | Note however that the post-design prototyping stage is all done
       | with off-the-shelf boards and similar components, there are no
       | recommendations for developing surface mount soldering skills [1]
       | or home semiconductor fabs[2], which are indeed cool but more in
       | the hobby/art space. (look up 'surface mount assembly' on YT for
       | why, e.g. Bittele)
       | 
       | [1] https://www.eevblog.com/forum/beginners/a-beginners-guide-
       | to...
       | 
       | [2] https://www.wired.com/story/22-year-old-builds-chips-
       | parents...
        
       | GnarfGnarf wrote:
       | It's the only place in the house where the wife can't harass her
       | husband to tidy up.
        
         | tfandango wrote:
         | In fact that's where the wife puts the stuff she doesn't know
         | what to do with.
        
       | graycat wrote:
       | For the original post (OP): Didn't see any mention of _market_.
       | Hard work, youth, talent, dreams, obsession, dedication, novelty,
       | risk taking, and an available empty garage -- these don 't mean
       | that there is or will be a market. No market, no successful
       | company.
       | 
       | As I read the OP, all or nearly all the successes had two things
       | in common but not mentioned: (1) There was a market or nearly so;
       | i.e., there was a _nascent_ market. Plenty of people wanted the
       | product or soon would after seeing it. (2) Not only was there at
       | least a nascent market, due to various external circumstances,
       | that market was growing quickly.
       | 
       | Exercise:
       | 
       | Ford cars? NYC had lots of horses and, thus, some very _dirty_
       | streets. Cars didn 't poop. Out in the country, a Model T was a
       | better way to get to the retail stores in the nearest town than
       | horse power.
       | 
       | "External circumstances:" The oil industry was ready to supply
       | gasoline and lubrication. The oil industry? The steamship Titanic
       | was powered by oil. Wars, which wanted motor powered vehicles.
       | 
       | Google? The Internet was exploding in bytes per second, users,
       | uses, revenue, .... For many parts, especially _social_ media,
       | and as a whole, the Internet had a _gravitational_ effect, i.e.,
       | the bigger it became, the faster it grew in, e.g., number of new
       | users, revenue, ..., per month. So, quickly there became a need
       | for Internet (Web) search, and Google grew.
       | 
       | Facebook? As in the movie _The Social Network_ , the small start
       | of _Hot or Not_ at Harvard spread quickly among universities and
       | then, as it became _social_ with the _gravitational_ effect, had
       | explosively rapid growth and, thus, both contributed to and
       | benefited from the _gravitational_ effect in general of the Web,
       | Internet, microprocessor based computing, etc.
       | 
       | Boeing? From cars, gasoline engine technology to power the
       | airplanes. Wars for a market. Planes that could take off and land
       | on water -- the planes didn't need airports and provided a faster
       | way to cross oceans.
       | 
       | So, in general: The economy moves along and creates a new need,
       | i.e., a nascent market. Some likely new circumstances make it
       | possible to meet this need, make the nascent market real. Then
       | more circumstances make the market grow quickly. Timed just
       | right, not too early, not too late, sometimes even a garage sized
       | startup can meet the need and grow quickly.
        
       | karmakaze wrote:
       | Woz debunks the started in a garage story[0]
       | 
       | > Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak says that the notion the great
       | company started in a garage is "a bit of a myth."
       | 
       | [0] https://www.cnet.com/culture/woz-no-apple-was-not-started-
       | in...
        
       | eternityforest wrote:
       | I think it's a lot harder to find projects worth doing. You're
       | (probably?) not gonna make the next ASML in a garage.
       | 
       | Everything is networked together, a lot of tech is very important
       | to people's lives, and there are fewer repair people. There's a
       | strong incentive to use stuff that's made by the billions and can
       | be replaced tomorrow with Amazon Prime if needed, especially if
       | it comes with lots of cloud value adds.
       | 
       | It's hard to find a project that isn't done by 40 people on
       | AliExpress.
       | 
       | There's still highly specialized stuff, and things that require
       | breakthroughs in basic science or cost engineering (Someone
       | please make mass spectrometry and XRF a consumer grade thing so
       | we can see what has lead in it!), but for the most part... people
       | who can afford startup products pretty much have everything they
       | need.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | Everything builds on everything else. If you want to make a new
         | GPU - you cannot be competitive without a large team and large
         | backing. However there is an ecosystem of GPUs to choose from
         | so if you want to make something that uses a GPU you can just
         | buy one and build it in your garage. 30 years ago you could not
         | have made something that needed a GPU - they didn't exist yet
         | (the forerunners existed at SGI and the like - but they were
         | not affordable)
         | 
         | No amount of passion would have got the right brothers of 1850
         | flying - there was too much about making an airplane that
         | wasn't invented (the ICE engine needed to be developed to
         | enough efficiency, and metals light enough to work needed to
         | exist) However when the metal industry developed eventually
         | metals that can work were available to anyone. Better metals
         | are available to me today, all I'm lacking is an idea/passion
         | for something that is not possible. (though metals of today are
         | not that much better)
        
       | tejohnso wrote:
       | What stands out to me among the examples is that amazing things
       | can be achieved when a small number of highly motivated
       | (obsessed) people get together in a space with few distractions
       | and plenty of freedom to experiment.
        
       | koliber wrote:
       | The only obvious conclusion is that to start the next unicorn
       | company you must get access to the best garage possible.
        
       | cobertos wrote:
       | If only city ordinances weren't getting more restrictive with
       | time. Would be hard to do some of this stuff today when some
       | cities ban working on your car in your garage.
        
         | hasbot wrote:
         | What are some example cities?
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | I don't know cities, but I have seen plenty of HOAs ban it.
           | Usually because there will be one bad apple that makes their
           | home garage into a makeshift auto shop (and it will effect
           | neighbors).
        
           | Schnitz wrote:
           | And even then, where is it actually being enforced outside an
           | HOA?
        
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