[HN Gopher] Nvidia Announces Financial Results for Fourth Quarte...
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       Nvidia Announces Financial Results for Fourth Quarter and Fiscal
       2024
        
       Author : mfiguiere
       Score  : 66 points
       Date   : 2024-02-21 21:24 UTC (1 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (nvidianews.nvidia.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (nvidianews.nvidia.com)
        
       | mfiguiere wrote:
       | CFO: "In Q4 FY 24, large cloud providers represented more than
       | half of our Data Center revenue..Strong demand was driven by
       | enterprise software and consumer internet applications & multiple
       | industry verticals"
       | 
       | Not clear if Meta is included in the "cloud providers", if not
       | that would push the share of revenue from Big Tech even further
       | to 60-70% considering the 300k H100 order from Meta.
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | Imagine shorting Nvidia in July 2023 last year at $500 because it
       | seemed overvalued or overextended. now $700 like nothing. It goes
       | to show how markets are more rational than assumed , in terms of
       | correctly pricing in future earnings. It's not irrational
       | exuberance, but rational. The huge rally this year was in
       | anticipation of the blow-out earnings on Ai demand, which
       | materialized . The 1997-2000 period in which stock prices wildly
       | departed from fundamentals was more of an anomaly than the norm,
       | yet people assume that it's the norm. The late 90s and tech boom
       | and early 2000s crash was an outlier that made people overly
       | pessimistic in subsequent decades.
        
         | TheAlchemist wrote:
         | Am I understanding this correctly, that you judge market
         | rationality on NVidia over the period of 1 year, absolute
         | bubble rally ?
         | 
         | Even with those materialized earnings, as you say, the market
         | valuation is still at >30 times those earnings (and I'm being
         | very generous by extrapolating this quarter earnings, not the
         | past year).
         | 
         | There is a reason for the saying "the market can stay
         | irrationnal for longer than you can stay solvent". One should
         | not short bubbles. But it's still a bubble !
         | 
         | EDIT: It's a bubble in NVidia valuation. Per se, it's a very
         | good business, generating huge amounts of $.
        
         | usaar333 wrote:
         | Nvidia is a hard to value stock though. The revenue growth,
         | while insanely high (120% annualized quarter over quarter), is
         | decelerating. But the net income levels are insane (55% net
         | income margin on revenue).
         | 
         | This suggests huge space for competition to drive earnings
         | growth down. But it's unclear when that will happen.
        
           | nicolashahn wrote:
           | Who would be the one to actually provide competition? AMD,
           | Intel, someone else?
        
             | baq wrote:
             | Yes.
             | 
             | And more you've heard about.
             | 
             | And yet more you haven't, since they're in stealth.
        
             | Octoth0rpe wrote:
             | I'd predict Amazon and MS. A huge portion of Nvidia's
             | revenue is from data centers run by amazon/MS, and they
             | both have at least some experience in designing their own
             | chips (more on Amazon's end with Graviton). I'd expect that
             | they are both motivated to try to design something in house
             | that is more suited to their needs and cuts out the nvidia
             | profit margin.
        
             | Detrytus wrote:
             | Yes, AMD (which has great GPUs, but sucks at software),
             | Intel (that's improving rapidly on GPU side), and possibly
             | Google with their Tensor. Also, AWS has their dedicated AI
             | chips, aptly named Trainium and Inferentia.
             | 
             | Theoretically even Apple could start producing AI chips
             | based on their Neural Engine.
             | 
             | The better NVIDIA's results are now the more that
             | encourages the competitors to try and take some of the cake
             | for themselves.
        
             | hilux wrote:
             | My impression is that AMD has always had technically
             | competitive products, but lagged in software and ecosystem
             | and marketing. (It had a long line of dud CEOs.)
             | 
             | Lisa Su (Jensen's cousin, btw) seems to have turned the
             | ship around.
        
               | foobarian wrote:
               | > Lisa Su (Jensen's cousin, btw)
               | 
               | TIL! Wow, that's wild.
        
             | adam_arthur wrote:
             | Model inference can be done with any GPU, AMD, Nvidia,
             | Intel. Can even be done with CPU in many cases.
             | 
             | Training is largely done on Nvidia cards, but there's
             | nothing mandating that.
             | 
             | Google trained Gemini on their own in-house TPUs, and
             | according to their published stats it exceeds ChatGPTs
             | performance.
             | 
             | There's a collective delusion right now that somehow CUDA
             | entitles Nvidia to a forever monopoly on GPU compute.
             | There's no way they will maintain ~90% gross margins on
             | their hardware sales. It's far too economically inefficient
             | for purchasers in the long run.
             | 
             | The ones who figure out how to use competitor cards at less
             | than half the cost will have a huge advantage
             | 
             | Right now it's fevered money pouring into what they see as
             | the fastest way to get their feet into the game. Nvidia
             | will do well, but that's already more than priced in right
             | now.
        
           | zamfi wrote:
           | They're producing hardware...there are physical limits to
           | growth rate. Is growth decelerating because there's only so
           | much chipmaking capacity available, or is it because of a
           | demand slowdown? The net income levels suggest maybe it's the
           | former.
           | 
           | Totally open to being wrong here!
        
         | baq wrote:
         | There's nothing rational about this valuation. Sir Isaac Newton
         | would like to have a word. There was a certain radio company, a
         | switch manufacturer, a video game retailer and a car company.
         | Money inflows dominate the price and money outflows will
         | dominate it in the future, but will it be tomorrow, in 6 months
         | or 3 years is a different question.
        
           | pixl97 wrote:
           | >There's nothing rational about this valuation.
           | 
           | The market can remain irrational far longer than you can
           | remain solvent.
        
       | multimoon wrote:
       | This is like playing a game of poker where you already think the
       | guy has the best possible hand he could have and somehow when he
       | lays his cards down, it's even better.
        
         | viscanti wrote:
         | Was this a "5 aces" level of poker hand? Or are we not quite
         | there yet?
        
           | multimoon wrote:
           | Sure seems like it was to me. It's crazy because while
           | nVidia's stock has been very inflated - they couldn't have
           | done a better job of backing up its price right now.
        
       | mrtksn wrote:
       | So, how many GPUs are needed to replace all the white collar
       | workers? Maybe that's the potential of NVIDIA.
       | 
       | After software have eaten the world, now AI is eating everything.
        
         | hiddencost wrote:
         | So far it's mostly licking everything
        
       | nadermx wrote:
       | Is there a limit to the number of GPU's a company may need? I
       | mean for example, assume no one can compete with Nvidia. At what
       | point does it become more feasible to rewrite your architecture
       | or use less GPU's, since it seems Nvidia can charge, and does
       | charge, what ever they want for a GPU. And can charge more if
       | they so wish, which they might. And how long would that take?
        
         | belter wrote:
         | Minimum 3 to 4 years.
        
         | hiddencost wrote:
         | There are only a few companies making competitors at scale.
         | It's very interesting that Google doesn't sell TPUs. They don't
         | because they need every TPU they can get fabricated.
        
         | declaredapple wrote:
         | > At what point does it become more feasible to rewrite your
         | architecture or use less GPU
         | 
         | They are but it takes a lot of time.
         | 
         | Most of the big players - Google, Meta, OpenAI, Amazon, and
         | Microsoft all are actively developing TPU/NPUs that would be
         | used instead of the H100/A100's everyone is using for machine
         | learning.
         | 
         | Google (tensorflow/jax), Meta(pytorch), Microsoft(onyx),
         | Openai(triton) and Apple (mlx) each have software stacks for
         | optimizing models for multiple platforms.
         | 
         | It takes a lot of time to develop the silicon and software
         | stack. As a result everyone is using H100's in the interum
         | until the hardware/software catches up. Google has been using
         | their TPUs already.
         | 
         | There's other companies like Groq that are also developing
         | NPU/TPU like devices.
        
           | altruios wrote:
           | Is there an Open (source) TPU project?
        
             | nl wrote:
             | There is SIMT on RISC V: https://www.semanticscholar.org/pa
             | per/Simty-%3A-generalized-...
             | 
             | And some PoC work:
             | https://vortex.cc.gatech.edu/publications/hotchips-
             | poster.pd...
             | 
             | Neither are specialized TPU/NPUs but they do fast vector
             | operations.
        
         | outside415 wrote:
         | each generation of models will require larger training
         | clusters... at least from the majors.
        
         | cavisne wrote:
         | Using the underlying cost, it is not feasible to create a
         | general purpose parallel processor for cheaper than Nvidia.
         | Especially considering the economies of scale. So you basically
         | need to make a bet on a less general purpose accelerator, as
         | Nvidia loses its economies of scale when you do that.
         | 
         | When you include Nvidia's huge margins, this bet is less risky,
         | but it's still only one that the largest companies can make.
         | 
         | Software alone cannot do it, you need to make a bet on
         | hardware.
        
       | tmaly wrote:
       | Unless Sam gets his 7T I can't see the data center growth
       | continuing on pace.
       | 
       | I still would love to see a consumer card with 128GB of VRAM
        
         | samspenc wrote:
         | I would also love to see a consumer GPU with a lot of VRAM. I
         | think 128 GB would be too expensive BUT I'm hoping the Nvidia
         | 50 series comes with 32+ GB VRAM for at least the top tier
         | cards of the family (today they max out at 24 GB VRAM in the
         | 3090 and 4090.)
        
           | outside415 wrote:
           | imagine how impossibly sold out those cards would be.
        
         | whalesalad wrote:
         | I would love to see a rethinking of desktop hardware. GPU's are
         | huge. They used to be dinky little add-on cards ... but at this
         | point we almost need to have a dedicated mainboard for them.
         | 
         | Imagine this - instead of a motherboard mounted to the back of
         | the case, it is mounted in the center. Behind it would be
         | another motherboard, with a socket for a GPU and ram slots for
         | memory. Kinda like a right/left brain connected with a high-
         | speed interconnect. You open the left side of the case to
         | access CPU and its memory, you open the right side of the case
         | to access the GPU and its memory.
         | 
         | You would be able to upgrade your GPU chip independently of
         | everything else. It wouldn't be mounted sideways in a PCI slot
         | where additional brackets and support arms are needed. You
         | could upgrade the RAM independently. Cooler, etc.
        
           | vizzier wrote:
           | What you're describing is fairly close to Intel's Beast
           | Canion NUC [0] from a couple of years back. The Mobo and GFX
           | essentially sit back to back. Though intel seemed to envisage
           | upgrading the whole "CPU side" as a single piece (including
           | ram) which probably, along with its high price, put off
           | buyers.
           | 
           | Following on from that though, there are a number of miniitx
           | cases that followed on from that type of layout such as the
           | fractal terra [1] which utilize a pcie riser to pass it
           | rearward to the graphics card behind the motherboard. ATX/ITX
           | wasn't entirely designed for it, but the layout does seem to
           | be quite elegant.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/nuc-11-extreme-kit-
           | beas...
           | 
           | [1] https://www.fractal-
           | design.com/products/cases/terra/terra/te...
        
         | outside415 wrote:
         | based on what I've seen from IDC and Gartner in fact it will
         | keep growing for another 2-3 years in insane fashion at least.
        
       | IG_Semmelweiss wrote:
       | I remember a time when NVIDIA, ATI and 3dFX were neck and neck.
       | 
       | What ever happened?
       | 
       | It shows that the most important move is to simply stay in the
       | game, not just maximize profits
       | 
       | Edit: added ATI which I just remembered!
        
         | FirmwareBurner wrote:
         | _> What ever happened?_
         | 
         | 3dfx stagnated and fell behind due to bad management decisions.
         | They seemed stuck on designing 3d accelerators like it was
         | still 1996, which were just drawing triangles and doing texture
         | mapping, while banking on higher clocks and adding multiple
         | chips on board and even multiple cards in SLI to boost
         | performance, while having the CPU take care of the rest in SW.
         | 
         | But it was 1999 already and Nvidia moved to graphics processing
         | units (GPUs) which could also offload the CPU and do transform,
         | lighting, triangle setup/clipping, MPEG2 motion compensation
         | and a multi-pipeline rendering engine for more polygon thruput
         | at same clocks, along with being fully DX7 compliant, all in a
         | single chip.
         | 
         | The market decided that Nvidia's new direction is the future
         | and not what 3dfx was doing. 3df tried to change course and
         | catch up but it was too late, the GPU race was too cutthroat in
         | those days. Nvidia was launching a new GPU generation every 6
         | months(!) instead of every 3 years like today, so a 6-12 month
         | setback was a guaranteed death sentence no matter what you did.
         | 
         | Also, one of 3dfx biggest blunders was trying to become a board
         | maker themselves by spending a lot of cash buying a board
         | manufacturer, which emptied their bank accounts and angered
         | their other board partners who now saw them as unfair
         | competitors so they moved to making ATI/Nvidia boards instead.
         | 
         |  _> It shows that the most important move is to simply stay in
         | the game, not just maximize profits_
         | 
         | How do you stay in the game if you go bankrupt because your
         | products aren't competitive?
        
           | nequo wrote:
           | Just to add to what you're saying, the Acquired podcast has a
           | couple long-form episodes on Nvidia and its competition:
           | 
           | https://www.acquired.fm/episodes/nvidia-the-gpu-
           | company-1993...
           | 
           | https://www.acquired.fm/episodes/nvidia-the-machine-
           | learning...
           | 
           | CUDA itself is also a non-negligible factor in their success.
        
             | FirmwareBurner wrote:
             | CUDA wasn't even a thing when 3dfx went bust. Work on what
             | was to become CUDA started at Berkely by a phd student
             | sometime in 2000. CUDA first released to the general public
             | all the way in mid-2007.
        
               | nequo wrote:
               | You're right. 3dfx is an earlier story.
        
         | speps wrote:
         | Nvidia invested in CUDA for decades! Following research papers
         | in computer graphics or physics for example, you'd find a
         | transition from Fortran to CUDA over many years. That helped
         | quite a lot when ML came back and CUDA made it easy. They
         | ported many basics like FFT, BLAS, etc. to CUDA so the building
         | blocks were there already when AI grew too. Of course, it
         | helped that many Python ML library backends also supported GPU
         | via CUDA.
         | 
         | If you look at the same landscape from AMD's side, it's
         | lackluster to say the least. And they're only now trying to
         | catch up... And they have to make it CUDA compatible!
         | 
         | Nvidia won on the tools side, the GPUs aren't necessarily
         | faster, but the only way to use them easily is CUDA.
        
         | jjtheblunt wrote:
         | I'd say Nvidia's release of Cg differentiated them, winning
         | wide developer favor, with a positive constructive feedback.
         | 
         | Cg made programmability of shaders widely accessible, since C
         | was (20 years ago) widely known?
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cg_(programming_language)
        
         | foobarian wrote:
         | Well ATI is still around as AMD. But definitely behind the
         | lead.
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | I remember when SLI was two graphics cards, each handling
         | alternate scan lines of a vga monitor.
        
       | inadilemma wrote:
       | Random, but a serious question. I've just received an offer from
       | Nvidia as a Senior SWE, and another from [insert FAANG].
       | 
       | Should I be scared of the bubble-ness of Nvidia? I have a lot of
       | faith in the company and its vision, but reading about the bubble
       | always scares me.
        
         | karmasimida wrote:
         | It is already a highly speculated bubble, the share price is
         | swinging drastically within the same day.
         | 
         | That being said, Nvidia will have a good 2-3 years in the
         | future, until the cloud providers start mass replace their
         | chips with in-house ones.
         | 
         | For money, unfortunately, it is as good as anyone's guess, but
         | if you join now, double your share, it will be close to 4T. I
         | personally didn't think that is sustainable amount of money if
         | market/competition does their duty.
        
         | HPMOR wrote:
         | You should ABSOLUTELY take the Nvidia offer over other FAANG.
         | The share price of Nvidia is not speculative hype. It's very
         | reasonable given their growth. This is not some random crypto
         | coin. Nvidia's share price really does reflect economic reality
         | and their position in the market. As an employee there, you'll
         | have the opportunity to purchase shares at a reduced price
         | through their Employee Purchasing Program. Also, any RSUs or
         | options you get will appreciate tremendously. Financially, the
         | best decision here is to work at Nvidia.
        
         | sfmz wrote:
         | Think of Sam Altman's ask: $7T. 7 trillion dollars is going to
         | flow into a company that looks a lot like Nvidia whether its
         | directed by Sam or not.
         | 
         | https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/sam-altman-wants-7-trillion
        
         | cavisne wrote:
         | My impression is they still have a fairly efficient culture,
         | the main problem with joining a bubble company would be if they
         | are overhiring/losing focus.
         | 
         | Just sell shares when they vest to reduce your risk.
        
         | saintradon wrote:
         | Take it and RUN with it.
        
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