[HN Gopher] "Stolen" radio tower missing for at least a year
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       "Stolen" radio tower missing for at least a year
        
       Author : LeoPanthera
       Score  : 169 points
       Date   : 2024-02-17 10:24 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.radiodiscussions.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.radiodiscussions.com)
        
       | itpcc wrote:
       | Obligatorily, Geerling Engineering (by Jeff Geerling and his
       | father) video discuss this issue last week [1].
       | 
       | EDIT: Seems likely the tower is already unused [2]. Maybe they
       | think they can getaway without AM Tx?
       | 
       | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZSxb8QIIa4
       | 
       | [2]
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZSxb8QIIa4&lc=Ugyb6d-c8ai0c...
        
         | wut42 wrote:
         | Your [2] is the same video. Did you wanted to link
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=78PvlGCqM84 ?
        
           | schiffern wrote:
           | Their [2] is a direct link to a Youtube comment (note the lc
           | param). The linked comment will be pinned at the top of the
           | comments, but it doesn't matter because the channel already
           | pinned the same comment.
           | 
           | Text of the comment is below:
           | @GeerlingEngineering 2 days ago            *Update* (Feb 14):
           | YouTuber @WilliamCollier visited the tower site on Monday and
           | documented the tower base, fence, building... and details
           | like a missing power meter. Lots of evidence points to a
           | tower site that's been unused for a long time:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bqIysr3o_vY (warning:
           | language)            Before you consider donating to the
           | station's GoFundMe, I would recommend waiting to hear the
           | full story. There's more to this story than a tower being
           | suddenly stolen (which is definitely not what happened here),
           | forcing a small community FM station off the airwaves.
        
             | rubyfan wrote:
             | I make it a policy to never donate to a situation I hear
             | about on the internet, especially if there's a gofundme.
             | Maybe that's an overreaction it just seems like a good
             | heuristic for 'this is likely a scam'
        
               | geerlingguy wrote:
               | Experience bears that out like 99% of the time. My only
               | exception is when I know and trust the person setting up
               | the fundraiser... even then...
        
               | gosub100 wrote:
               | I think the risk of ill-gotten gains is offset by the
               | stupidity of people willing to donate to them. I dont
               | really have +/- feelings about either party in that
               | situation.
               | 
               | What I find funny is how gofundme (I hate that name, it
               | sounds so entitled) is 3/4 of the way to re-discovering
               | this thing called insurance. All they need is to somehow
               | promote/emphasize people who donated previously should
               | _they_ ever find themselves in need. i.e. if you donated
               | 5x during the year to car accident victims, at a cost of
               | $x00, should _you_ get in a car wreck, you should be able
               | to use evidence of your donations to get a spotlight on
               | the site. Voila, tech bro comes full-circle and
               | "disrupts" insurance pools (by exploiting a loophole
               | around all those pesky state regulations, lets make
               | "insurance commissioners" the new cab driver )
        
             | greggsy wrote:
             | I highly doubt the owners didn't notice a power meter being
             | removed. The theft angle is a bit hard to believe.
        
       | andyjohnson0 wrote:
       | Anyone care to summarise the back story to this?
        
         | mkl wrote:
         | https://www.al.com/news/2024/02/someone-stole-a-jasper-
         | radio..., big discussion 9 days ago:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39302045
         | 
         | Radio station owner says transmitting tower was stolen, as if
         | it had disappeared overnight.
         | 
         | Related story about things not adding up:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39397568
        
           | AtlasBarfed wrote:
           | This is one of those stories that every single police
           | procedural show on TV/streaming will have some version of in
           | the next production cycle.
        
         | KennyBlanken wrote:
         | Commercial small town AM station owner with a license to re-
         | broadcast on FM as part of an FCC program to help AM stations
         | survive (by giving them exposure on the FM dial, but they must
         | keep broadcasting on AM)...took down his AM tower years ago
         | according to satellite/streetview, changed the logo on the site
         | to de-emphasize the AM band and instead carry the FM band, then
         | for some reason drew a lot of attention to himself claiming the
         | tower was stolen. It looks like it was possibly either as part
         | of a plan to exploit people, or suddenly someone noticed and
         | started asking questions.
         | 
         | He then put up a gofundme.
         | 
         | He apparently had no monitoring of any kind. Nobody in town
         | knows nothin' (nobody noticed the AM broadcast going away, and
         | nobody noticed trucks hauling out tons upon tons of metal etc),
         | scrap dealers (who are clearly the most ethical, honest sort)
         | know nothin', the tower would not have sufficient value to
         | justify such a brazen theft as it's not copper. Broadcast
         | techs/operators who kinda all know each other, also know
         | nothing and are calling the situation questionable to outright
         | bullshit depending on how polite they are.
         | 
         | Geerling and his dad are erring very much on the polite-but-
         | this-doesn't-add-up side which is responsible. I their video
         | they also share photos of them doing a planned takedown of a
         | tower that took weeks/months and still went a bit 'sideways'
         | and left a clear channel of damaged trees where it fell.
         | 
         | The situation is muddied by some young/dumb youtuber going to
         | the wrong site where there is another abandoned tower site, as
         | well as the correct site having two transmitters/towers on it
         | until the AM station's tower was taken down.
         | 
         | I think there's also at least one video a few years old of
         | someone parked at the site with their radio tuned to the AM
         | frequency, getting nothing.
         | 
         | From the comments on one of the videos:
         | 
         | ====
         | 
         | @ianlawrence4993 22 minutes ago Thank you for the video. It
         | really is crazy how most large news organizations are failing
         | to ask basic questions about this story and keep falling for
         | Elmore's dog and pony show.
         | 
         | From Google Street View images, it appears that the tower has
         | been dismantled (or at least mostly dismantled) for around a
         | year or so. All of these photos were taken from basically the
         | same location (accounting for digital zoom).
         | 
         | January 2022
         | https://www.google.com/maps/@33.8067222,-87.2682012,3a,15y,3...
         | 
         | October 2022
         | https://www.google.com/maps/@33.806721,-87.2681688,3a,15y,34...
         | 
         | Both WJLX's tower (dark colored) and the neighboring tower for
         | WIXI (red and white striped) are visible.
         | 
         | March 2023
         | https://www.google.com/maps/@33.8067219,-87.2682037,3a,15y,3...
         | 
         | January 2024
         | https://www.google.com/maps/@33.8067226,-87.2681813,3a,15y,3...
         | 
         | The WIXI tower is visible but there is no sign of the darker
         | WJLX tower.
         | 
         | Sometime between October 2022 and March 2023 it appears the
         | WJLX tower was dismantled to the point that it cannot be seen
         | on Street View.
         | 
         | Shout out to the folks over on the Radio Discussions forums for
         | pointing this out first (at least to my knowledge).
         | https://www.radiodiscussions.com/threads/wjlx-wjbe-and-werh-...
         | 
         | Also, from the Internet Archive it appears WJLX changed the
         | masthead logo on their website in the middle of 2022. The old
         | "Jasper's Oldies" logo advertised both the 1240 AM channel and
         | the 101.5 FM channel. The new "Voice of Walker County" logo
         | only advertises the 101.5 FM channel.
         | 
         | Old Homepage April 1, 2022
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20220401022504/https://www.wjlx1...
         | 
         | New Homepage May 16, 2022
         | 
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20220516051909/https://www.wjlx1...
         | 
         | However, the thumbnail image for the GoFundMe set up by the
         | station for a new tower is the old "Jasper's Oldies" logo which
         | includes the 1240 AM channel. GoFundMe page
         | https://www.gofundme.com/f/wjlx-1240-am-tower-and-equipment-...
         | 
         | They have brought back the old logo to make it appear that they
         | are an AM station when their marketing has ignored that for
         | almost 2 years now. It seems to me that they stopped
         | broadcasting in AM no later than 2022, and given their previous
         | proceedings with the FCC probably much earlier than that. It is
         | telling that in the interviews with local residents for this
         | story, there is no clarification on whether or not they had
         | listened to the AM channel specifically any time recently.
        
           | hollywood_court wrote:
           | That's sound about right for small town Alabama. I'm in East
           | Alabama and we have a local broadcast owner who is probably
           | disappointed that he didn't think of this first.
        
           | scheme271 wrote:
           | > nobody noticed trucks hauling out tons upon tons of metal
           | etc), scrap dealers (who are clearly the most ethical, honest
           | sort)
           | 
           | If you look at images of mast towers, there isn't much there.
           | Basically a metal scaffold with the antenna at the top. If
           | you look at this tower[1], a 85 foot tower is about 480 lbs,
           | and the radio tower was supposedly around 200 feet tall so ,
           | it's probably less than 1200 lbs of metal. Probably a fairly
           | large load but probably not really unusual.
           | 
           | 1 - https://wadeantenna.com/product/85-foot-commercial-guyed-
           | tow...
        
           | RF_Enthusiast wrote:
           | > _The situation is muddied by some young /dumb youtuber
           | going to the wrong site where there is another abandoned
           | tower site, as well as the correct site having two
           | transmitters/towers on it until the AM station's tower was
           | taken down._
           | 
           | Can you expand on how you determined that they went to the
           | wrong site? The only other AM station within many miles is
           | WIXI [1], which is 0.35 miles away and has a white building
           | [2], unlike the one shown in the video.
           | 
           | The pictures shown in the OP's link only show that there were
           | two towers (WIXI an WJLX) and eventually one (WIXI).
           | 
           | One-third of a mile in a wooded area is far enough to not
           | show in the video.
           | 
           | [1] https://fccdata.org/?lang=en&latd=33.8549&lond=87.2707
           | 
           | [2] https://maps.app.goo.gl/CM1MwZBCDnCQgtUH7
        
           | michaelt wrote:
           | _> The situation is muddied by some young /dumb youtuber
           | going to the wrong site where there is another abandoned
           | tower site_
           | 
           | Take a look at this https://imgur.com/a/Qj9Aqaj which
           | compares a photo issued by the radio station to the video at
           | 16:45 https://youtu.be/bqIysr3o_vY?si=hiK5zNH_AhqiwK2w&t=1005
           | 
           | Are you seriously telling me those are different buildings?
        
         | anon-sre-srm wrote:
         | This looks like fraud to get money from people through
         | deception for a tiny radio station that can't sustain itself.
        
         | jacurtis wrote:
         | I'll attempt to summarize information coming from many
         | different sources to help people out and provide context.
         | 
         | WJLX is a radio station in Jasper Alabama. It operates a
         | standard music+talk radio station that they brand as "WJLX
         | 101.5". They are licensed to operate on AM 1240 frequency. But
         | most (seemingly all... as addressed later) of their audience
         | listen on the FM 101.5 version of the channel which is a
         | simulcast of the AM 1240 frequency. They don't have a dedicated
         | FM license, but are able to legally use this 101.5 FM frequency
         | due to a loophole for old AM stations that allows them to reach
         | FM audiences by translating the AM station on an FM frequency.
         | This means that if the AM broadcast stops, that they
         | immediately lose rights to broadcast on FM 101.5, which is the
         | frequency they brand their station under and most/all their
         | audience is. All this information is important as will be
         | apparent soon.
         | 
         | The station owns an AM Radio tower for its "primary" frequency.
         | The story goes that a brush cleaning crew was hired to clean up
         | tall brush around the station, as is required. They showed up
         | and found no tower there. They called the tower owner who then
         | confirmed that the brush cleaners were at the right place. He
         | then drove down to the site and when he got there, confirmed
         | the tower was gone. So he then called the police who showed up
         | and deemed that the tower must have been stolen.
         | 
         | As soon as the FCC heard that the tower was gone, that means
         | the AM station isn't broadcasting which means that WJLX is no
         | longer allowed to broadcast on the FM frequency since they are
         | only allowed to do it as a translation of the AM, which no
         | longer exists. The station was ordered to go offline within 24
         | hours of the tower being reported stolen.
         | 
         | The station has been operating at a loss for its entire
         | existence and relied on public broadcasting government grants
         | to break even. It can't afford to rebuild the tower. So it
         | started a GoFundMe to rebuild the tower. Looking for $60k and
         | currently has around $20k towards that goal.
         | 
         | Since this news broke that a 200 foot tower (2/3 the length of
         | a football field) dissapeared without a trace, it has started
         | getting a lot of attention. The station owner is standing by
         | the fact that it was "stolen". Internet sleuths are trying to
         | figure out if this is plausible. OP's link is to various Google
         | street view images that show that the last recorded image of
         | this tower standing was in October 2022. It shows that another
         | streetview image in March 2023 shows the tower missing.
         | 
         | This means two things:
         | 
         | 1. The tower went down between October 22 - March 23
         | 
         | 2. The tower has been down for almost a year and was just
         | reported stolen a few days ago
         | 
         | So how did the station owner not notice for a year that his
         | tower was missing?
         | 
         | Some people are speculating that the stolen tower is a ruse to
         | gain attention and sympathy to fund building a new tower. It
         | came out recently that the owner had let the insurance on the
         | tower lapse. So he has no way to rebuild it. He is unable to
         | afford it and it was uninsured.
         | 
         | Within a day of the tower being reported missing, some nearby
         | software developers decided to go out on a saturday and
         | investigate the tower site to see what they found. The video is
         | here: https://youtu.be/78PvlGCqM84?si=5II7VeKY1tv41mXL . Namely
         | they confirmed that its been down for a long time. The video
         | might be interesting to see the state of disrepair of the
         | location.
         | 
         | So now the mystery is whether the tower was really stolen and
         | if so, how did they do it with no one noticing? A lot of people
         | are suggesting that the owner is manufacturing the theft story
         | in order to gain sympathy for his GoFundMe.
        
       | lando2319 wrote:
       | So supposedly a radio tower was stolen, causing a sister station
       | to have to shut down as well
       | 
       | But this link suggests maybe the tower's been missing for some
       | time
        
         | greggsy wrote:
         | Stolen, or deliberately scrapped by the owners? It's entirely
         | possible they legitimately thought that the FCC wouldn't care
         | about the AM requirement in their license.
         | 
         | The owners would almost certainly know that the thing went
         | offline. They would have a maintenance schedule, and power
         | bills to pay.
        
           | pavel_lishin wrote:
           | Is it at all possible that they outsourced the physical
           | maintenance - including paying the power bills - of the tower
           | to someone else, who in turn screwed them over?
        
       | sitkack wrote:
       | It is hard to imagine the FCC wouldn't notice that there was no
       | signal on that AM station for that amount of time, or the owner,
       | or the power company.
       | 
       | Everything about the story is weird.
        
         | lutoma wrote:
         | The owner probably noticed but didn't care. Presumably the only
         | reason they still had it was because they were legally required
         | to so they could keep operating on FM.
         | 
         | And I doubt the FCC is constantly monitoring any random AM
         | station if nobody complains.
        
           | sitkack wrote:
           | They definitely spot signals that _shoudn 't_ be there, even
           | AM radio stations.
           | 
           | I think no one at the FCC cared, the broadcaster knew the
           | tower was gone and also didn't care since their main concern
           | was apparently running the FM station.
           | 
           | > Elmore explained that they were alerted to the theft on
           | Friday when a bush hog crew arrived at the WJLX tower site in
           | Jasper to clean up the property, only to find it completely
           | cleared out by the thieves.
           | 
           | You don't get alerted that the tower and the transmitter are
           | gone by bush crew. You get alerted by the signal being gone.
           | He should have been paged 2 seconds after the signal stopped.
           | 
           | I still don't buy it.
        
             | quesera wrote:
             | The FCC does not monitor broadcasts for presence or
             | content. They do respond to complaints (typically
             | interference), but a missing signal creates no
             | interference.
             | 
             | If someone else wanted that AM allocation, they would have
             | filed a complaint that the licensee was not operating, and
             | the license would be cancelled.
             | 
             | It's also not typical to monitor your own signal directly.
             | You have telemetry coming back from the transmitter site.
             | This includes antenna VSWR which would spike if the antenna
             | disappeared. Or no telemetry at all, if the transmitter
             | building lost power or was raided etc.
             | 
             | There is zero possibility that a compliant licensee would
             | not be aware of an antenna loss within seconds of it
             | happening. So the question becomes what level of
             | noncompliance this licensee was operating under. Sounds to
             | me like they were cheating because AM transmissions are low
             | ROI.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | A tiny operation like this? I doubt they had anything
               | close to telemetry. Rather, they probably had a tech who
               | visited the site ever couple months. Nothing in the
               | shack/tower would have required daily maintenance. Their
               | only realtime "telemetry" might have been when the power
               | bill for the site was lower than normal.
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | Fair points, but:
               | 
               | Telemetry is cheap in the scheme of broadcast expenses.
               | 
               | If the station is operating on a shoestring budget, you
               | have at least one human who cares that the revenue-
               | generating operations (broadcast signal) are happening.
               | 
               | Similarly that person would notice the change in power
               | expenses.
               | 
               | Even in the lowest-tech, least-compliant of stations,
               | someone would notice an antenna and/or tower loss within
               | a day. This reads like a case of severe neglect, almost
               | certainly intentional, and possibly fraudulent.
        
               | mynameisvlad wrote:
               | This charitable explanation hinges on the assumption that
               | they _want_ to run an AM station.
               | 
               | Given that their license is for a FM rebrodcaster, it
               | seems like the FM business is the one they care about
               | more, and the AM signal was just being used as a means to
               | an end.
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | You're right. They clearly did not want to run the AM
               | station, and it was likely a negative ROI operation.
               | 
               | My assertion though, is that there's no chance that they
               | were unaware that the AM station was down.
               | 
               | The only path to plausible deniability requires _extreme_
               | non-compliance, which risks fines and could even threaten
               | their ability to hold other licenses  / operate other
               | stations.
               | 
               | So they're in trouble either way, but this story of
               | surprise is absolute crap.
        
               | scarby2 wrote:
               | I'm not familiar with the rules here but is not caring a
               | complaint route to a defense? It can be in many other
               | fields.
               | 
               | I.e. purposefully don't have any monitoring, purposefully
               | don't go to the site often etc. then only respond of
               | someone tells you there's a problem.
               | 
               | I've dealt with a few contracts in the past that have
               | stipulated that we must respond within xx hours of
               | becoming aware of an issue, if I didn't want to run the
               | service it would be in my interests to do everything in
               | my power not to avoid becoming aware of any issues.
        
               | gorlilla wrote:
               | You appear to be conflating a few things. The
               | 'contractor' timeliness of xx hours is typically
               | stipulated in a contract as an Service Level Agreement
               | (SLA) parameter.
               | 
               | There are regulatory causes for 'xx' response times as
               | well, outside of a contract.
               | 
               | The first part you brought up was willful ignorance[0]
               | which would likely come into play with licensing,
               | insurability, as well as tort and criminal liabilities.
               | 
               | [0]: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willful_ignorance
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | No. If you hold a license, you are obligated to operate
               | the station at the licensed power. Not caring is not
               | allowed.
               | 
               | In this case, they were required to operate the AM
               | station to keep their FM license. In addition to the
               | usual threats to license and fines etc, they were also
               | risking their FM license which persumably was ROI
               | positive.
        
               | LorenPechtel wrote:
               | Assume the AM is a negative-ROI operation. Thus why would
               | they care about quality? Why would there be *any* form of
               | quality check? Any check requires effort and thus makes
               | the ROI even more negative.
               | 
               | I can see scrappers stealing the tower and nobody
               | bothered to find out. I can also see scrappers stealing
               | the tower, the station knew but since it's negative-ROI
               | they pretended they didn't.
        
               | burnerthrow008 wrote:
               | Because the part of their operation that presumably _is_
               | ROI-positive (the FM transmitter) is technically a
               | rebroadcast of whatever they are transmitting on AM. If
               | the quality of the AM signal is actually so bad that
               | nobody can receive it, then they will forfeit their FM
               | license too.
        
               | whoopdedo wrote:
               | Even without a proper modulation monitor, simply tuning a
               | radio to the station will tell you if you're on-air or
               | not.
               | 
               | The operators knew. They just didn't care. Or they may
               | not have known that the tower had been stolen and assumed
               | the transmitter was broken and were procrastinating to
               | fix it.
               | 
               | Moreover, I can't imagine anyone successfully tearing
               | down a working antenna. My guess is the timeline went:
               | transmitter stops working, site sits idle for a few
               | months, thieves notice it's turned off, raid the place,
               | station owner finally decides to do something about it,
               | discovers they've been cleared out.
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | A more likely scenario is the owner was strapped for cash
               | and arranged for a crew to take the tower.
        
               | kotaKat wrote:
               | Especially because the transmitters disappeared, too. ALL
               | the station equipment disappearing? Wonder who's got it
               | now, or what it's been parted out to for other AM radio
               | stations scraping together gear to keep running.
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | Smash and grabs of transmitter building equipment are
               | relatively quick. They set off alarms (usually) of
               | course, but you can get out in 15 minutes with a few
               | racks of gear.
               | 
               | Taking down a tower requires more time and care. And
               | tools. And it pays less for scrap, although the black
               | market for the kind of equipment you find in a
               | transmitter building is small and not well-capitalized.
        
               | LgWoodenBadger wrote:
               | What do you mean they don't monitor for silence?
               | 
               | https://www.broadcastlawblog.com/2022/07/articles/fcc-
               | cracki...
        
               | akira2501 wrote:
               | You should read the linked decisions in the article.
               | 
               | The FCC learned about the dead air because the stations
               | themselves filed Special Temporary Authority paperwork
               | with the FCC specifying that the station carrier was not
               | active during that time.
               | 
               | So, it was not active monitoring, but passive paperwork
               | review, triggered by the license application itself, that
               | caused the ruling.
               | 
               | The FCC does not actively monitor stations in any way.
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | That article does not talk about the FCC _monitoring_
               | ordinary licensees for  "silence" (which I assume means
               | off-air i.e. transmitter turned off, and not dead-air
               | i.e. broadcast of silent audio).
               | 
               | (Dead air is actually a bigger sin than off-air. Off-air
               | happens. Dead air should almost never happen.)
               | 
               | The article talks about monitoring stations who have a
               | history of poor usage of their license. And it's not
               | clear that "monitor" here would mean any active steps, vs
               | just requiring the usual mandatory reporting of
               | unscheduled, unpermitted, extended off-air events.
               | 
               | But the FCC does not routinely monitor for dead air or
               | any other violations. They do respond to complaints of
               | all kinds. In competitive markets, licensees monitor each
               | other.
        
             | lupusreal wrote:
             | > _He should have been paged 2 seconds after the signal
             | stopped._
             | 
             | I think you're greatly overestimating the technical
             | sophistication of this operation. I'm not saying they
             | didn't notice sooner, but I doubt they had this sort of
             | modern monitoring system set up. It seems like the sort of
             | operation that has been coasting on minimal money/effort
             | for many years.
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | It is not legal to operate a remote transmitter site
               | without full telemetry coming back to a human (studio)
               | operator, or (more recently) an automated system which
               | will alert a chief engineer, which is a required designee
               | of all licensees.
               | 
               | The question remains: in what ways were they operating
               | noncompliantly?
               | 
               | However there's almost zero possibility that they were
               | unaware of their antenna loss until the brush crew showed
               | up. Unless the theft happened overnight (some AM stations
               | shut down at night).
               | 
               | Even if nothing else clued them in, a transmitter without
               | an antenna will basically shut down, and the electric
               | bill will go to near zero.
        
               | lupusreal wrote:
               | According to Wikipedia, the station has changed hands a
               | few times in recent years because the owners kept going
               | bankrupt, and furthermore the station has gone off the
               | air numerous times before due to deferred maintenance. So
               | noncompliance seems like a very safe bet!
               | 
               | In light of that, it's possible they had no functional
               | telemetry or nobody was paying attention to it, and
               | therefore, it's plausible they really didn't notice when
               | the antenna went missing. But if I were the feds, I would
               | be investigating the possibility that the operators
               | themselves sold the antenna for scrap...
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | > _I would be investigating the possibility that the
               | operators themselves sold the antenna for scrap..._
               | 
               | This might sound far-fetched to many, but it's a real
               | thing. Galvanized steel has a decent scrap value. Taking
               | down a tower is not a trivial project, but it happens.
               | 
               | I was responsible for a 800-ft tower in a past life, and
               | a pager, a 4x4 truck, and a gun were considered required
               | equipment. I opted for the first two, but wasn't prepared
               | to commit to the responsibilities of the third.
               | 
               | The most common theft scenario was an equipment smash-
               | and-grab. But tower thefts were not unheard of.
        
               | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
               | > tower thefts were not unheard of.
               | 
               | US? I'm guessing you mean smaller towers like ~50' used
               | for local links, utility radios, etc. Or do you mean like
               | 75' or 150'+? Do people grab commercial towers?
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | Definitely US.
               | 
               | Small towers are much easier, but big towers get hit
               | sometimes too. Usually when they are in a transitioning
               | period (new, major maintenance, decomm) because the
               | bigger the tower, typically the more antennas are on it,
               | and the more parties who will notice it's disappearance
               | quickly.
        
               | antonvs wrote:
               | > It is not legal to operate a remote transmitter site
               | without full telemetry coming back to a human
               | 
               | Have you ever worked for a smaller company? Compliance is
               | a thing you do on paper, that has very little to do with
               | the real world.
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | I have, but never for a company that didn't care whether
               | their signal was propagating.
               | 
               | Nor for a company that didn't have some level of fear of
               | being fined by the FCC for non-compliance.
               | 
               | Things may be different in small-market rural!
               | 
               | But the economics of "not knowing" that your station is
               | off-air are impossible.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | Which is why I trust corporations more than small
               | businesses. Big companies can't cut corners in quite the
               | same way as tiny shops, nor can they directly violate
               | health&safety regulations, creating health risk for
               | customers, without fear of consequences.
        
               | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
               | > Big companies can't cut corners in quite the same way
               | as tiny shops,
               | 
               | Big companies have their own distinct ways, true. They
               | have massive resources to deploy against regulation and
               | oversight. By forestalling accountability or insuring it
               | results in disproportionately small fines, they can
               | insure non-compliance is strongly profitable. This
               | satisfies the interests that matter most to a public
               | corp, execs and investors.
               | 
               | > Big companies can't ... directly violate health&safety
               | regulations, creating health risk for customers, without
               | fear of consequences.
               | 
               | This is a bold declaration.
        
               | thanksgiving wrote:
               | At least I would not knowingly commit crimes so the
               | private equity makes some tens of thousands of dollars
               | and I get a "meets expectations" and 2% annual raise at
               | best if doing so could put me at risk of going to prison.
        
               | wsh wrote:
               | > It is not legal to operate a remote transmitter site
               | without [...]
               | 
               | 47 CFR SS 73.1400(b) permits operation with "a self-
               | monitoring or ATS-monitored and controlled transmission
               | system that, _in lieu of contacting a person designated
               | by the licensee_ , automatically takes the station off
               | the air within three hours of any technical malfunction
               | which is capable of causing interference" (emphasis
               | added).
               | 
               | This doesn't change the licensee's basic responsibility
               | "for assuring that at all times the station operates
               | [...] in accordance with the terms of the station
               | authorization," of course.
               | 
               | > in what ways were they operating noncompliantly?
               | 
               | If the station was off the air and the licensee didn't
               | notify the FCC within 10 days and seek a silent STA
               | within 30 days, that would violate 47 CFR SS
               | 73.1740(a)(4).
        
               | geerlingguy wrote:
               | It's not that hard, and most of the smaller AM and FM
               | facilities I've seen (ones where snakes nest on top of
               | the transmitter and wild turkeys try to chase off the
               | engineer the one time a year the tower gets a visit)
               | still have some sort of monitor. Plus... especially with
               | AM, there's always at least one old folk sitting there
               | with it on 24-7. It's usually a race between the engineer
               | and that older person to see who calls the studio or
               | owner first!
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | Yes! I loved those guys. They were always guys. :)
        
               | sitkack wrote:
               | I have called my local station about dead air a couple
               | times. I was the first to tell them. One time in recent
               | memory, it went on for so long that I forgot the radio
               | was on when they came back.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | In some markets, they are still operating off of NTSC tape
             | formats and equipment. They have a device to upres the
             | content to HD right before going to the transmitter. All
             | because they are in such a small market, and there's not
             | enough money to justify buying HD equipment.
             | 
             | Everyone seems to think that TV stations are all on the
             | same level of the flagships for each network. Some of them
             | still are less than what you'd see in the movie UHF.
        
             | michaelt wrote:
             | _> I still don 't buy it. _
             | 
             | Agreed. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bqIysr3o_vY is a
             | video of some people exploring the site.
             | 
             | The guy ropes and fallen fences are overgrown, the
             | electricity meter has clearly been missing for months at
             | the very least. There's no evidence like crushed plants
             | indicating the tower having fallen any time recently.
             | 
             | The station's FM license was part of an FCC scheme to
             | improve the economics of struggling AM stations, and
             | because the aim was to _strengthen_ AM not _replace_ it,
             | the license requires them to continue broadcasting on AM.
             | 
             | My guess is they've been broadcasting in violation of that
             | license for years, someone called them on it, and they had
             | to concoct this "stolen tower" story to cover that up.
        
               | shagie wrote:
               | https://nypost.com/2024/02/11/news/alabama-radio-station-
               | wjl...
               | 
               | > The Jasper, Alabama, station was ordered off air by the
               | Federal Communications Commission (FCC) as authorities
               | continue to investigate how and why the heavy steel
               | structure suddenly disappeared.
               | 
               | > "In all my years of being in the business, around the
               | business, everything like that, I have never seen
               | anything like this," Elmore told The Post.
               | 
               | > "You don't hear of a 200-foot tower being stolen," he
               | added."
               | 
               | > While the self-proclaimed "Sound of Walker County,"
               | still has its FM transmitter and tower, it is not allowed
               | to operate while the AM station is off the air, according
               | to FCC.
        
         | sandworm101 wrote:
         | The FCC is big, but no. They dont have surveillance vans
         | scouting the country to confirm thag every radio station is
         | actually transmitting. Im sure they might have reacted had
         | someone told them of this apparant scam, but who is going to
         | notice the absence of a small AM station these days?
        
           | Mountain_Skies wrote:
           | Sounds like the type of thing that would be great for
           | civilian volunteers to do. Amateur radio licensees already do
           | a good job of self monitoring their bands. Maybe offer them
           | some kind of recognition if they monitor a commercial station
           | not living up to its license requirements. Probably could
           | automate the whole thing with a Raspberry Pi and an SDR.
        
             | myself248 wrote:
             | You could automate the whole thing with zero additional
             | hardware, just occasionally polling the existing kiwisdr
             | network.
             | 
             | You could also trilaterate the physical source of each
             | frequency using TDoA, since all Kiwi samples are time-
             | tagged with the integrated also-software-defined GPS
             | receiver.
             | 
             | Generate alerts if a licensed-stationary source appears to
             | move, etc..?
             | 
             | Track high-power CB abusers?
             | 
             | The sky's the limit, just someone has to care, and be good
             | with software, and both of those things have to overlap in
             | the same person.
        
         | diggan wrote:
         | > It is hard to imagine the FCC wouldn't notice that there was
         | no signal on that AM station for that amount of time, or the
         | owner, or the power company.
         | 
         | Maybe the typical approach of having flaky monitoring and after
         | enough time, you simply chalk it up to "well, seems the
         | monitoring is offline again, but no one is complaining so
         | probably the thing still works"?
         | 
         | Alternatively, the owner did notice it was missing, but
         | reporting it as missing would also mean they have to shut down
         | FM service, so they left it until someone complained/noticed.
        
           | eastbound wrote:
           | > so probably the thing still works"?
           | 
           | I'm sure radio operators know this one weird trick to confirm
           | that theory: Turn on your AM car radio.
        
             | jacurtis wrote:
             | You're confusing two different parties involved in the
             | monitoring here: the FCC and the station owner.
             | 
             | The station owner likely knew within a few hours to a few
             | days that the tower went offline. At the very least the
             | power bill would have been very low or non-existent that
             | month which would make it pretty obvious. And to your point
             | they could tune their FM radio to their station frequency
             | and see if it works.
             | 
             | The FCC is a federal organization. I doubt they have an
             | office in Jasper Alabama. So the FCC monitoring is the one
             | in question here. Because as soon as the FCC notices the AM
             | station is down, then the FM translation (which is what the
             | station was really marketed around and gaining its
             | viewership from) is shut down. Which means the station
             | owner is out of a job. The FCC's monitoring is probably not
             | realtime and I could see someone at the FCC getting an
             | alert that this AM station in Jasper Alabama is down and
             | they do think to themselves the monitoring is bad or flaky
             | and don't immediately panic. The FCC isn't going to be able
             | to just tune their radio to the AM station to check since
             | they aren't in range of the station.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | FCC just cares that the paperwork is filed and nobody
         | complains.
         | 
         | Just because you _have_ a license doesn 't mean you have to use
         | it.
         | 
         | > The radio station had an FCC license that required they
         | operate an AM transmitter. Now that the FCC has found out that
         | they are not broadcasting on AM, the station is not allowed to
         | continue on FM.
         | 
         | This (from the other thread) seems to be the pertinent part.
        
           | bbarnett wrote:
           | Your first two sentences are contradicted by the quote and
           | your followup.
           | 
           | Ues the FCC cares and yes they must use it, when using the FM
           | teansmitter.
           | 
           | The FCC most certainly should be monitoring these compliance
           | requirements. I suspect someone at the FCC noticed they
           | weren't transmitting, asked, then the owner claimed the just
           | found out.. someone stole the tower!
        
             | lupusreal wrote:
             | It seems the AM station was missing for at least a year, so
             | evidently the FCC wasn't paying very close attention. They
             | probably didn't notice/care until somebody else brought it
             | to their attention.
        
               | bandyaboot wrote:
               | I wouldn't be surprised to find out that the situation
               | was something along the lines of: they were having
               | financial difficulties and decided they could get away
               | with not broadcasting on AM...sold the tower and
               | equipment for scrap. Eventually someone notices and
               | notifies the FCC. FCC contacts the operator and
               | eventually they send out a bush hog crew to make the
               | "discovery".
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | This is the most plausible explanation I can imagine.
        
               | bbarnett wrote:
               | Indeed, which is the sort of scenario I eluded to.
               | 
               | One thing we need to realize, that as computing types, we
               | think of monitoring differently.
               | 
               | Monitoring need not be real time. A yearly inspection can
               | be done. Quarterly. Audits.
               | 
               | Even grocery stores don't get daily or even weekly health
               | inpections.
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | Well, that's true. But the FCC has clear regulations.
               | 
               | Remote broadcast transmitter monitoring is explicitly
               | real-time. Or it's non-compliant and subject to fines and
               | license revocation.
        
               | jacurtis wrote:
               | How would they have realtime monitoring unless they have
               | a receiver in every city in the country? This happened in
               | Jasper Alabama, not Los Angeles California.
               | 
               | I think its possible that they only send someone out once
               | a year to check for active frequencies. When they see a
               | problem (AM 1259 is missing) then they send out the brush
               | crew.
               | 
               | Point being, I highly doubt that realtime monitoring
               | exists everywhere. The owner of this station probably
               | banked on the fact that no one's watching Jasper Alabama
               | that closely. When someone at the FCC gets their annual
               | paperwork about this station, they probably just do a
               | cursory check on it and push it through, not putting a
               | lot of time or energy into this tiny station.
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | The FCC does not monitor stations at all.
               | 
               | The station has an FCC-mandated responsibility for real-
               | time and responsive monitoring of their transmitters.
        
             | quesera wrote:
             | The FCC cares, but they do not monitor.
             | 
             | They do not have the resources or the coverage to monitor
             | broadcasters.
        
           | quesera wrote:
           | Actually you are obligated to use a license, or to return it.
           | You cannot hold a license for the AM/FM/TV broadcast bands
           | and not operate on it for any length of time.
        
             | fhars wrote:
             | As a comparison value: in Germany, you can loose your FM
             | license for inactivity if you broadcast 90 seconds of
             | silence. We had to care for stuff like this when we did
             | some remote discussion rounds on community radio during the
             | pandemic and had to have some logic close to the
             | transmitter that would add innocuous background music if
             | anything went wrong upstream.
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | Dead air is a very big deal in the US too. The argument
               | is something like "licensees exist to serve the public
               | and obviously dead air does not serve, but more
               | importantly means that a listener might stay tuned into
               | silence when an emergency alert is broadcast over all
               | other stations".
               | 
               | It's sort of tenuous, although not wrong. Off-air is a
               | better state than dead air.
        
               | gosub100 wrote:
               | in the 90s I remember 2-3 songs that had a couple seconds
               | of dead-air, and the stations would modify them to play
               | cheesy sound effects during that time. I always thought
               | they were paranoid about someone changing the channel,
               | but now I think it is more to be compliant.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | > Just because you have a license doesn't mean you have to
           | use it.
           | 
           | Um, what? Please, show me where the license agreement says
           | this.
        
           | StayTrue wrote:
           | https://www.fcc.gov/media/radio/special-temporary-
           | authority#....
           | 
           | An operator is allocated radio spectrum so stands to reason
           | it's use-it-or-lose-it.
        
           | fortran77 wrote:
           | > Just because you have a license doesn't mean you have to
           | use it
           | 
           | This is completely untrue for broadcast licenses.
        
         | chefandy wrote:
         | The photos only seem to show that there wasn't a 'standing'
         | tower there. Maybe it fell and not enough people listened to
         | notice the drastically degraded signal, and the owners just
         | didn't care?
         | 
         | I don't really get the regulatory aspect, but they're seemingly
         | only operating this AM station as some sort of stipulation for
         | their FM license? If that's true, why do people care? Why does
         | the FCC care?
        
           | Larrikin wrote:
           | If it's a requirement why don't you care that they are
           | running a scam?
        
           | vel0city wrote:
           | For commercial AM, especially for a tower like this,
           | typically the whole tower is an unshielded, energized
           | antenna. If it fell over it would be shorting to ground and
           | probably not transit much of anything at all.
        
       | gmiller123456 wrote:
       | Here's a video where two guys visit the site of where the antenna
       | was supposed to be. Vegitation overgrowth of the remains suggest
       | it's been at least one growing season since it was removed. Looks
       | like it was inopperational well before that.
       | 
       | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=78PvlGCqM84
        
         | lisper wrote:
         | Unedited version:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bqIysr3o_vY
         | 
         | But apparently they went to the wrong site. According to [1],
         | the WJLX tower was next to another tower (for WIXI) which is
         | still standing, but that second tower is not visible anywhere
         | in the video.
         | 
         | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39413347
        
           | RF_Enthusiast wrote:
           | The WIXI site, 0.35 miles away, has a white building [1] [2]
           | [3]. One-third of a mile distance in a forested area is a
           | reasonable distance to not see the WIXI tower from the
           | ground.
           | 
           | I'm pretty sure the YouTube video is at the correct location.
           | It's clearly not at WIXI.
           | 
           | [1] WIXI: https://maps.app.goo.gl/CM1MwZBCDnCQgtUH7
           | 
           | [2] WIXI zoomable map: https://fccdata.org/?facid=&call=WIXI
           | 
           | [3] WJLX zoomable map: https://fccdata.org/?facid=&call=wjlx
           | 
           | Edit to add: I went through every AM station listed at
           | https://fccdata.org/?lang=en&latd=33.8549&lond=87.2707 and
           | there are no other AM stations in that region.
        
             | lisper wrote:
             | > It's clearly not at WIXI.
             | 
             | Well, yeah, that is not in dispute. The question is: how do
             | we know they were at the WJLX site and not just some random
             | abandoned building in the middle of nowhere?
        
               | RF_Enthusiast wrote:
               | That's a fair and reasonable question to ask.
               | 
               | Here is video of an unrelated party filming the WJLX
               | transmission site 11 years ago:
               | https://youtu.be/l1Srg9WEPzw?si=CVBcR3MrZ4BiaZgc
               | 
               | The video from 11 years ago matches the site in the new
               | video.
        
           | michaelt wrote:
           | Compare the building from the video to the photo released by
           | the radio station: https://imgur.com/a/Qj9Aqaj
           | 
           | Looks like the same place to me.
        
       | js2 wrote:
       | Edit: wrong tower per reply from js2wjlxam. Correct tower
       | (satellite view):
       | 
       | https://maps.app.goo.gl/mf1D1Cdfy9Pz6wjp7
       | 
       | The one I've linked below is:
       | 
       | https://maps.app.goo.gl/7XRGG5cpHqixVkPB9
       | 
       | ---
       | 
       | Original comment:
       | 
       | Here's the best street view of it I've found from when it was
       | still standing in June 2022. At that time it seems to be in
       | pretty good shape:
       | 
       | https://maps.app.goo.gl/CbCZSEcHn6NJnP649
       | 
       | It looks to me like the power pole in this view is also the
       | tower's source of power.
        
         | js2wjlxam wrote:
         | That is not the correct tower.
         | 
         | See
         | https://old.reddit.com/r/videos/comments/1aqc0pq/how_one_man...
        
         | thih9 wrote:
         | When I read "wrong tower" at the top, I thought the submission
         | was about the wrong tower.
         | 
         | It took me a while to figure out that only the link later in
         | the parent's comment is wrong.
        
       | 1letterunixname wrote:
       | Supposedly not insurance fraud but perhaps it's crisis fraud or
       | crowdfunding fraud for a tiny radio station that cannot sustain
       | itself economically.
        
       | mikey_p wrote:
       | Called this as being fishy back when it first came up on HN, and
       | ended up getting downvoted:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39328406
        
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