[HN Gopher] My sixth year as a bootstrapped founder
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       My sixth year as a bootstrapped founder
        
       Author : mtlynch
       Score  : 629 points
       Date   : 2024-02-16 15:07 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (mtlynch.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (mtlynch.io)
        
       | mtlynch wrote:
       | Author here. As always, I'm happy to take any feedback or answer
       | any questions about this post.
        
         | kpw94 wrote:
         | No question, always nice to read your yearly updates.
         | 
         | Last year looked really promising , your revenue already high
         | but profits not there yet, but I'm happy to see you turned a
         | nice profit this year! Congratulations!
        
         | havefunbesafe wrote:
         | Why the sharp drop in adspend?
        
           | mtlynch wrote:
           | Good question! I actually hadn't noticed it changed that
           | much, but you're right.
           | 
           | The biggest difference was that in 2022, I hired a paid ads
           | consultant to set up ads automation for me on a few different
           | platforms. That had a high up-front cost, but then it was
           | inexpensive to maintain those ads in 2023.
           | 
           | I also spent money experimenting on more channels in 2022, so
           | in 2023, I cut out spending on the ones that weren't earning
           | a positive ROI.
        
             | mardifoufs wrote:
             | Could you share platforms/channels were more
             | profitable/worth it and which of them weren't? I love your
             | blogs btw!
        
             | kansi wrote:
             | If possible, could you please the website for this ads
             | consultant?
        
         | W-Stool wrote:
         | Thanks for writing a great summary of year #6 for your
         | business. Question: where do your advertising dollars go and
         | how do you measure their success?
         | 
         | Good luck in year #7!
        
           | mtlynch wrote:
           | Thanks for reading!
           | 
           | > _where do your advertising dollars go and how do you
           | measure their success?_
           | 
           | Sorry, but advertising spend is one of the few things I avoid
           | sharing publicly. Most other things about my strategy, I
           | think our execution is what makes the difference, so I don't
           | care if competitors know. With advertising, it was expensive
           | to figure out a successful strategy, and it's the kind of
           | thing that a competitor can copy perfectly.
           | 
           | I can talk about measuring their success, though. The metric
           | I focus on primarily is revenue on ad spend. Material costs
           | make up about 33% of the revenue from TinyPilot's product
           | sales, so if we get $1.50 for every $1 we spend on ads, we'd
           | end up about breakeven ($1.50 from revenue - $1 for the ad -
           | $0.50 for materials), so I aim to be at 2.25 ROAS or higher
           | on any channel so we have a comfortable margin.
        
         | thomastay wrote:
         | Hi mtlynch, I just wanna say that your post brought back a lot
         | of memories for me. I distinctly remember reading your original
         | post back in 2018. I remember feeling that I really hoped you
         | would succeed since your complaints were so authentic. When I
         | was reading this post, I was like - wait, i think i remember
         | this post - and it's you! Happy to hear that you've made it
         | with tinypilot
        
           | mtlynch wrote:
           | Thanks for reading, and that's really nice to hear. That
           | quitting Google post ended up being more popular than I ever
           | expected, so from time to time, people tell me, "Oh, you're
           | that quitting Google guy. Glad it worked out!"
        
         | lesuorac wrote:
         | Have you thought about expanding into the void left by
         | SlingBox?
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slingbox
        
       | skrebbel wrote:
       | Wow that's a seriously cool product!
        
       | marklubi wrote:
       | So good to see some actual Startup News on here. I miss the old
       | days of this site when things were more optimistic and less
       | click-bait.
        
         | BadHumans wrote:
         | The world is actively getting worse so it makes sense the news
         | is actively getting pessimistic.
        
           | abfan1127 wrote:
           | in what sense is it getting worse? While there may be local
           | minima, I'd argue that its the best its ever been. News has
           | always been pessimistic because negative emotions are easier
           | to trigger to drive attention which pays the bills.
        
             | spencerflem wrote:
             | Whether the world as a whole is getting worse is debatable,
             | but I think it's very clear that tech companies are
        
               | WrongAssumption wrote:
               | Is it clear? Microsoft of old? IBM of old? AT&T of old?
               | Juggernauts with abusive monopoly power that tech
               | companies today could only dream of.
        
               | zilti wrote:
               | Apple, Google, Amazon are every bit as bad, and Microsoft
               | is still up there, too.
        
               | WrongAssumption wrote:
               | Assuming that's true, is that counter to my statement?
               | Mine was in response to someone saying it's clear tech
               | companies are getting worse, and your response to mine is
               | they are just as bad? So also in your mind not clear they
               | are getting worse, correct?
        
               | uoaei wrote:
               | I'm getting visions of that New Yorker cartoon about
               | shareholder value but it's just a techie in Allbirds
               | saying "is it really worse, tho?"
        
               | jrockway wrote:
               | Yeah, I mean, these companies are at the end of their
               | "startup" lifecycle and are now just ordinary big
               | companies that exist to chill and produce dividends. When
               | you hear "Amazon", think "IBM". When you hear "Apple",
               | think "Coca Cola". When you hear "Google", think "Goldman
               | Sachs". All of those companies make an enormous amount of
               | money but haven't done anything interesting in 50 years.
               | 
               | There will be new startups that eclipse all of these
               | companies in interestingness. The one for the next 20
               | years is probably OpenAI.
        
             | DanHulton wrote:
             | A lot of things are getting superficially better (personal
             | computing tech has never been more incredible), but there's
             | a lot scary shit that is encroaching on the daily without
             | sufficient plans in place to really deal with. Off the top
             | of my head:
             | 
             | - Global warming and how we don't seem to have any plans to
             | a path to hit any of the less-than-apocalyptic warming
             | targets, - Corporate regulatory capture, with more and more
             | wealth going to a smaller and smaller segment of the
             | population while the impoverished fraction grows on the
             | daily, - The rise of right-wing and/or outright fascist
             | authoritarianism across the world, even in countries that
             | would have fought strenuously against it a scant hundred
             | years ago, - This one is a combination of all three of the
             | others (and a lot more), I suppose, but capitalism eating
             | itself and taking a lot of really helpless-feeling people
             | with it.
             | 
             | A lot of things do keep improving, but a) a lot of people
             | never get to see or benefit from those improvements, maybe
             | more than you think, and b) there are these terrible
             | monsters on the horizon and nobody with the power to do
             | anything about it seems to be willing to actually do so. It
             | shouldn't take a whole lot of empathy to project yourself
             | into the shoes of someone for whom shit is the worst it's
             | ever been, nor a lot of creative thinking to realize that
             | there's a whole lot of those people out there.
        
               | mym1990 wrote:
               | Would you agree that whatever you are currently working
               | on, either at Nodewood or evisort, is contributing to
               | this superficial betterment of the world? Not to be dense
               | but you are talking about empathy for people who are at
               | the bottom of the human totem pole while posting on a
               | tech forum while working on products that most likely
               | don't contribute anything to _actually_ making the world
               | a better place. If you _really_ cared, you would give up
               | almost everything to give up what you have to go help
               | those in need...but I guess a post on HN will do as well.
        
               | spencerflem wrote:
               | Isn't that sad though? An entire industry that in your
               | own words doesn't "contribute anything to actually making
               | the world a better place"
               | 
               | I think people realize this more than they used to which
               | explains so much of the tech pessimism
        
               | mym1990 wrote:
               | It is sad, I work in it as well, I ask myself "wtf am I
               | doing" every single day. But the security of having and
               | providing a warm/safe home for my family, being able to
               | have fun experiences, etc...is too much to give up. I can
               | definitely say I am selfish.
        
               | DanHulton wrote:
               | Friend, you're not going to get anywhere in life by being
               | a disciple of Whataboutism, I promise you that.
        
               | mym1990 wrote:
               | You are not my friend, so let's not pretend. My response
               | had nothing about whataboutism, and I am skeptical that
               | you even know what that means based on your reply. I am
               | directly saying that you are speaking from a high moral
               | chair, while likely not actually doing anything to help
               | the world. Its okay, I do the same thing, the difference
               | between you and me is that I am not pretending to be
               | Gandhi.
               | 
               | Oh here is a definition of whataboutism: "the technique
               | or practice of responding to an accusation or difficult
               | question by making a counteraccusation or raising a
               | different issue".
               | 
               | I am assuming you won't be able to figure it out though.
        
               | spencerflem wrote:
               | I think you two agree more than it seems.
               | 
               | You are allowed to be sad about the world without helping
               | it get better, which the parent never implied they were.
               | They're just agreeing with you that things are bad,
               | assuming they work in tech they're probably just as
               | conflicted about it as you or I am, so the attack felt
               | kinda out of left field and unrelated to the original
               | debate, which is whether things are getting worse in
               | general.
        
               | mym1990 wrote:
               | The OP is categorically wrong about some of their
               | assessments:
               | 
               | "with more and more wealth going to a smaller and smaller
               | segment of the population while the impoverished fraction
               | grows on the daily"
               | 
               | Poverty around the world is being reduced on a massive
               | scale. There are undeniable issues with wealth gaps, but
               | the world population is still benefiting greatly from the
               | imbalanced amount of downstream wealth coming to it.
               | 
               | "The rise of right-wing and/or outright fascist
               | authoritarianism across the world, even in countries that
               | would have fought strenuously against it a scant hundred
               | years ago"
               | 
               | The world has been dominated by these ideas for the
               | majority of its existence. Several of the world powers
               | still operate within these ideas, not to mention many of
               | the third world countries, the power just moves from
               | regime to regime. Acting like authoritarianism is "new"
               | because the OP just got an inkling of it in their own
               | country is pretty dense.
               | 
               | TLDR op just plucked a few news headlines that get re-
               | iterated and made that their world view.
        
             | boplicity wrote:
             | We've already passed the 1.5 Degree Celsius limit on global
             | warming. That alone has catastrophic consequences.
             | 
             | Yet, the production of fossil fuels remains near record
             | levels, and producers are aiming to scale up, as opposed to
             | scale down. Political discourse on this topic often amounts
             | to "but my expenses are already too high."
             | 
             | For many people, this is still an abstract and slow moving
             | problem. Yet, it is a very real problem with dire
             | consequences. (That are somehow easy to ignore!)
             | 
             | Is the world getting worse?
             | 
             | In some ways, it's getting better.
             | 
             | Yet, we seem doomed to cause so much destruction. It's
             | gonna be bad. Very bad. But not right away (for many of
             | us).
             | 
             | https://www.sei.org/publications/production-gap-
             | report-2023/
             | 
             | https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-
             | environment/2024/02/0...
        
               | educaysean wrote:
               | While I agree that global warming is a serious issue
               | without a clear future, it seems a little far fetched to
               | attribute that as a factor in the deterioration of
               | hackernews community's cultural standards.
        
               | gridspy wrote:
               | We've been over-polluting with CO2 for over a 100
               | years[1]. I prefer to focus on how now we're slowly
               | gaining the will and the way to address that.
               | 
               | - Solar and wind power
               | 
               | - New Nuclear options
               | 
               | - Grid Storage
               | 
               | - Electric vehicles
               | 
               | It would be nice if we'd done a hard left turn on the
               | economy and somehow never got here but that was probably
               | never realistic.
               | 
               | [1] https://xkcd.com/2889/
        
           | keiferski wrote:
           | I think it's more that the startup ecosystem has matured
           | considerably since ~2007. Starting a company back then was
           | still kind of a counter cultural thing, now it's a common
           | career path.
        
           | auselen wrote:
           | Just enjoy your time here, plant a tree if that would make
           | you happier. Don't dig your self into an hole and loose sight
           | of brighter things. / a parent
        
         | matt_s wrote:
         | Yeah the site has morphed over time to more tech news/articles
         | that Hackers comment on (with some level of what feels like
         | promotion) than strictly news about Hackers/startups.
        
         | hasoleju wrote:
         | Before I visited HN today I read the whole blog post. I was
         | notified by an email from mtlynch in my inbox. I draw a lot of
         | inspiration from the consistency he has in writing the monthly
         | and yearly retrospectives. Keep up the great work!
        
       | yakito wrote:
       | Very interesting, Michael, thanks for sharing! As a founder and
       | bootstrapper myself, I really relate to parts of your post (well,
       | not so much to that 2000% jump in profit... haha, maybe one day).
       | 
       | I'd like to understand the steps leading up to these six years.
       | What motivated you to create that particular product? was it
       | simply something that interested you and that you believed had
       | potential? What was the goal when you created TinyPilot? Thanks!
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Thanks for reading!
         | 
         | > _I 'd like to understand the steps leading up to these six
         | years. What motivated you to create that particular product?
         | was it simply something that interested you and that you
         | believed had potential? What was the goal when you created
         | TinyPilot? Thanks!_
         | 
         | It was a "scratch my own itch" kind of path. I had a home VM
         | server[0], and any time I messed up its network settings or
         | wanted to install a new OS, it was a huge pain to drag it over
         | to my desk, disconnect my main desktop from my monitor and
         | keyboard, swap everything over to the server, and then put
         | everything back how it was.
         | 
         | I saw an article about how Raspberry Pi could emulate a
         | keyboard, and I tried that out and got it working.[1] And then
         | I felt like there had to be a way to capture video and stream
         | it too, and I finally found a way to do that.
         | 
         | I came in at a lucky time because people had been experimenting
         | with Raspberry Pi as a KVM over IP for years, but there weren't
         | great video capture options. But right as I started looking,
         | these cheap HDMI to USB dongles appeared on the market,[2]
         | which made it cheap and easy to build a v1.
         | 
         | In the beginning, I thought it was too niche to be a real
         | business, but it got a positive response when I launched on
         | HN,[3] and more and more people kept buying, so I stuck with
         | it.
         | 
         | [0] https://mtlynch.io/building-a-vm-homelab/
         | 
         | [1] https://mtlynch.io/key-mime-pi/
         | 
         | [2] https://mtlynch.io/tinypilot/#hdmi-to-usb-dongle
         | 
         | [3] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23927380
        
           | yakito wrote:
           | Thanks a lot! Also, nothing new, but I am new to your blog
           | and I love how you document everything! You need to write
           | about writing one day ;)
        
             | mtlynch wrote:
             | Yes, I'd very much like to! So far, I just have the landing
             | page:
             | 
             | https://refactoringenglish.com/
        
       | probotect0r wrote:
       | I really enjoy these updates! Thanks for putting out the numbers.
        
       | annoyed_eng wrote:
       | I've really enjoyed following your story for years. Thanks so
       | much for your transparency. I wish you lots of continued success.
        
       | belter wrote:
       | I have two of these and can say it's a great product with great
       | support by the creator.
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Thanks so much! I'm really glad to hear that.
         | 
         | I take the support really seriously because I get so frustrated
         | with most companies' customer service and technical support.
         | When customers contact TinyPilot, I always want them to feel
         | like they're talking to a real person who's knowledgeable and
         | making real effort to help them. It's nice to hear that this
         | comes through in the experience.
        
       | thdaraujo wrote:
       | That's very cool, Michael. Really great to see your business
       | doing well, congrats!
       | 
       | Really interesting to see that adding a metal box and making the
       | product more premium made a huge impact on revenue. Have you run
       | any pricing experiments after that?
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Thanks for reading!
         | 
         | > _Have you run any pricing experiments after that?_
         | 
         | No, I haven't tinkered with the price much for the past few
         | months.
         | 
         | I have a hard time doing price experiments because at my
         | volumes, I have to collect a few weeks of data before I think
         | the evidence is strong, and I don't have a good way to A/B test
         | different prices in parallel, so it's easy for two different
         | time periods to have different results independent of price.
         | 
         | I've also found that there's a lot of friction around changing
         | prices too frequently. When I reduce prices by a significant
         | amount, we get emails for a couple of weeks after from people
         | who are annoyed they paid a higher price just before a
         | reduction, so I've been reticent to invite those complaints.
         | 
         | I don't have strong evidence for it, but $399 for base and $499
         | for premium "feels" right because they're round numbers and
         | they're close to optimal based on different prices we've tried.
        
           | dheera wrote:
           | > we get emails for a couple of weeks after from people who
           | are annoyed they paid a higher price just before a reduction
           | 
           | What if you just explicitly guarantee a price match for say
           | 30 days? People would feel safe and you can do your
           | experiments.
        
             | mtlynch wrote:
             | Yeah, I think there are ways we can do it. It's just that
             | with every hoop to jump through and layer of friction, it
             | makes it a little less appealing than other paths to
             | increase revenue, so I end up not doing it.
             | 
             | I think it's very possible that my prices are suboptimal,
             | so I will think more about how I can do some price
             | experiments while minimizing the downsides.
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | Looks useful
        
       | seidleroni wrote:
       | That's a really cool product! The only thing I would love is a
       | way to zoom into the product pictures on the site.
        
       | theusus wrote:
       | How did you manage stress/depression during the time?
       | 
       | I am thinking of going down the same path. Which tools do you use
       | for sales and marketing?
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Thanks for reading!
         | 
         | > _How did you manage stress /depression during the time?_
         | 
         | I don't think I ever reached the point of depression, but I
         | definitely had bouts of severe stress and anxiety about the
         | business.
         | 
         | Some things that helped me were:
         | 
         | - Having a supportive partner
         | 
         | - Forming a meetup group and talking to other founders who have
         | had similar struggles
         | 
         | - Committing to a work schedule where I'm working or not
         | working and avoiding looking at work things during non-work
         | hours
         | 
         | - Separating my work email to a whole separate account and
         | disabling push notifications so that work doesn't intrude into
         | my non-work hours
         | 
         | - Using a GTD-style to-do list so I'm not carrying around a
         | mental task list
         | 
         | - Starting my day by sketching out my schedule in 30-minute
         | blocks so I have a good idea of what's achievable that day
         | 
         | - Scheduling time to exercise 3-5 times/week
         | 
         | - Reading Dale Carnegie's "How to Stop Worrying and Start
         | Living." Carnegie books are all kind of hokey-sounding, but I
         | find some of his lessons really effective.
        
       | willsmith72 wrote:
       | wow such a great, honest and open article.
       | 
       | i wonder if with sales increasing in spite of the 10% price
       | increase, he could increase it even more. personally i would
       | rather have less fulfilment and a higher profit margin if
       | possible
        
       | huhtenberg wrote:
       | Fantastic product site. Clear, concise and good looking. Kudos.
       | 
       | * /r/tinypilot link in the footer leads to a locked sub, so it's
       | kinda pointless.
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Thanks for reading!
         | 
         | > _/ r/tinypilot link in the footer leads to a locked sub, so
         | it's kinda pointless._
         | 
         | Oh, thanks for catching that! I've been unhappy with reddit's
         | direction ever since the 3rd-party APIs meltdown, and the
         | subreddit was scattering our support resources, so I shut it
         | down.
         | 
         | We have a dead link check as part of the build, but I guess it
         | wasn't picking up an HTTP error from the locked sub.
         | 
         | I've just removed it!
        
       | beoberha wrote:
       | Man this is really cool. The transparency is awesome. Shipping a
       | hardware product as a bootstrapped founder sounds (at least) an
       | order of magnitude harder than a software product.
       | 
       | Edit: oh and congrats on the success this year! I'd have to
       | imagine it feels insanely rewarding!
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Thanks for reading and for the kind words!
         | 
         | > _Shipping a hardware product as a bootstrapped founder sounds
         | (at least) an order of magnitude harder than a software
         | product._
         | 
         | Yeah, it ended up being way harder than I expected.
         | 
         | I actually didn't even mean to make a hardware product. In the
         | beginning, I thought people would just buy off-the-shelf
         | components and pay me to make nice software to tie everything
         | together.
         | 
         | It became pretty obvious early on that people were a lot more
         | interested in a pre-made hardware solution than a DIY project
         | with ready-made software. And I'm glad I made it to the point
         | of profitability and worked hard at it, but I also definitely
         | got lucky a lot. There are so many more existential threats to
         | a hardware business, especially in the early days.
        
       | moneywoes wrote:
       | Love this blog.
       | 
       | Any other similar blogs or communities?
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Cory Zue writes about similar topics, and I draw a lot of
         | inspiration from him:
         | 
         | https://www.coryzue.com/
         | 
         | Suket Karnawat also left Google to pursue a similar path, and
         | he writes regular updates about his progress:
         | 
         | https://suketk.com/
        
         | waprin wrote:
         | I have a similar blog / newsletter on trying to bootstrap a
         | software business called "Road to 10k MRR" :
         | 
         | writing.billprin.com
         | 
         | I'm definitely a huge fan of mtlynch and was very inspired by
         | his transparency especially around year 2 when he was pretty
         | far in without much working.
         | 
         | I'd also recommend Jon Yongfook who bootstrapped an image
         | generation api for social media marketing to 50k as well. Tony
         | Dinh is also a must read. I actually have a notion database
         | with a bunch of other bootstrapped bloggers but on the go at
         | the moment.
         | 
         | For communities, Indie Hackers is the best known one, though
         | there's many others, Microconf, smallbets , etc
        
       | clukic wrote:
       | Your home page/blog is by far the cleanest, fastest, and most
       | functional I've seen. Can I ask what you use to publish it? I
       | can't find any reference to a platform in the HTMl source (which
       | is amazingly clean BTW).
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Thanks for reading!
         | 
         | Edit: Sorry, I just realized you meant my blog, not the
         | TinyPilot website. My blog is just Hugo + Netlify, and the
         | source is public.[2]
         | 
         | --
         | 
         | The web tech stack is actually one of my biggest regrets. It's
         | a static site generator called Gridsome[0] that the maintainers
         | abandoned about three months after I used it to launch the
         | TinyPilot website.
         | 
         | At the time I made the TinyPilot site, I was very excited about
         | Vue, so a Vue-based SSG seemed great. Since then, I've come to
         | find SPAs and most frontend frameworks to be way too much
         | complexity, so I've moved away from Vue, but the TinyPilot
         | website is still stuck on Vue 2.x and bootstrap-vue (which is
         | tied to Vue 2 and Bootstrap 4).
         | 
         | So, it keeps creaking along, but building the 100ish pages on
         | the site takes about five minutes, whereas I think something
         | like Hugo could probably do it in a few seconds. Plus, we get
         | random runtime errors[1] that are pretty hard to debug.
         | 
         | [0] https://gridsome.org/
         | 
         | [1] https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/issues/5800
         | 
         | [2] https://github.com/mtlynch/mtlynch.io
        
       | lbhdc wrote:
       | This was such a great post. I read last years as well, and it was
       | super interesting to see how things evolved.
       | 
       | I am curious about your ad spend. I noticed that it dropped 24%.
       | Can you talk about your strategy for marketing your business?
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Thanks for reading!
         | 
         | > _I am curious about your ad spend. I noticed that it dropped
         | 24%._
         | 
         | I added a few more details about that in a different reply:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39398746
         | 
         | > _Can you talk about your strategy for marketing your
         | business?_
         | 
         | For the first two years, I was primarily reaching out to
         | bloggers and YouTube creators that I liked. TinyPilot appeals
         | to people in the homelab / IT prosumer community, and I've been
         | involved in that space for a few years, so it always felt like
         | a pretty organic way to get the word out.
         | 
         | There have been diminishing returns to that strategy, though.
         | When we got our first big review, our sales nearly tripled
         | overnight.[0] At the time, we were the first affordable KVM
         | over IP on the market, so YouTube creators were very excited
         | about to be able to break a story about it, and their viewers
         | were excited to buy our product.
         | 
         | Since then, we continue to work with reviewers, but even high-
         | quality reviews don't get that many reviews because we've been
         | around for a few years and there are similar products like
         | ours.
         | 
         | We've been experimenting with new channels, but nothing has
         | been a huge hit. One of the things I'm trying to do is talk to
         | bloggers and YouTube creators about doing projects with
         | TinyPilot rather than just reviewing it. We had one a few years
         | back,[1] and I think there's potential for new interesting use-
         | cases for TinyPilot through experiments, but I haven't found
         | anyone with a good idea yet.
         | 
         | It seems like our most successful channel has been word of
         | mouth. I think it's a result of putting a lot of effort into
         | customer service, so our customers feel good about working with
         | us and tell other people about the product.
         | 
         | [0] https://mtlynch.io/retrospectives/2021/02/#tinypilots-
         | first-...
         | 
         | [1] https://tinypilotkvm.com/blog/dslr
        
           | digikata wrote:
           | A feature that would have been useful from my IoT / embedded
           | device development days would be the ability to fully turn
           | power on/off of with usb port from software. It's nice
           | feature for automated test and dev of embedded devices. Sort
           | of adjacent to your kvm focus, but I suspect your h/w might
           | not too far off from being able to support that use.
           | 
           | A full A/C plug pwr control is useful too, but a much bigger
           | hardware delta.
        
       | slovette wrote:
       | I run an IT firm. Pretty sure you've solved a huge problem with
       | remote hardware diagnostics for us. Ordered one for test.
       | 
       | Thanks for making this.
        
       | nadermx wrote:
       | "I realized that the dominant factor was the size of our
       | codebase. We have three times the code that we did three years
       | ago. And every line of code requires time to maintain. So, if I
       | keep the number of developers fixed but increase the size of the
       | codebase, then a higher proportion of our time must go to
       | maintaining old code."
       | 
       | That part is so true. Even trying to make everything systematic
       | has a cost.
        
       | jurgenkesker wrote:
       | Very nice blog and just overal awesome to read.
        
       | afry1 wrote:
       | Congrats Michael! I've been following along with your story on
       | and off since 2019-ish, very cool to read about how things are
       | getting along.
        
       | gnicholas wrote:
       | Does the payroll figure include a salary for yourself? If so,
       | that would make the jump in profitability even more impressive!
        
         | hapidjus wrote:
         | From the article: I don't draw a salary, so the total amount I
         | earned from TinyPilot in 2023 was $236k.
        
       | dannyw wrote:
       | Try offering an affiliate program if you haven't already. It can
       | increase your sales drastically and you only pay for the results.
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | I did try that for a while and still have a couple of
         | affiliates, but it wasn't that successful. It could be that I
         | just didn't invest in it enough for it to work.
         | 
         | One of the biggest obstacles was that I hated all of the
         | affiliate apps on Shopify. They all require all your customer
         | data (email, names, shipping addresses), and most of them have
         | privacy policies that grant themselves very broad permissions
         | with user data.
         | 
         | I refused to give up our customer data like that, and so we
         | rolled our own by hand, but it's very manual, so the only way
         | for affiliates to find out their earnings is when I manually
         | run a script and pay them once a month.
        
       | ein0p wrote:
       | FYI: You can't "not draw a salary" and get that profit out of the
       | company. IRS mandates that you pay yourself a reasonable amount,
       | and pay (eye watering amounts of) taxes on that amount. You can't
       | circumvent any of that by just taking everything as
       | distributions.
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Are you sure you're not thinking about corporations?
         | 
         | TinyPilot is a single-member LLC, so all the income is on my
         | personal tax returns.
         | 
         | When I said I don't draw a salary, it was to prevent confusion
         | about whether payroll includes me.
        
         | tgtweak wrote:
         | I don't think there were any insinuations that that was after-
         | tax income in his personal bank account - just that the company
         | earned that much in the previous year and it could be paid out
         | (dividends or otherwise) after much in the way a gross salary
         | would be.
        
           | ein0p wrote:
           | For single person LLC (as the OP said) it doesn't make any
           | difference - they're paying all taxes on the entire amount
           | and then just deducting business expenses. IOW their business
           | account does not require any special treatment. For corps
           | (including S corp) there's often this temptation for the
           | founders to pay themselves the bare minimum and skirt some of
           | the taxes (social security for example). I was pointing out
           | that this is a good way to draw unwanted attention.
        
       | tgtweak wrote:
       | I think people (and the founder) are focusing on yearly profits
       | as their remuneration and comparing it to a salary... but the
       | reality is you're creating a company that should be valued (and
       | eventually sell) for 7-15X Earnings - and you really should be
       | looking at that increase in value vs your increase in profits. In
       | reality your net worth went up by over $1.5 million in the last
       | year, in addition to earning 236k - that is the actual value you
       | created for yourself in the last year and not the 236k you
       | cashflowed.
       | 
       | I find it redeeming that despite having a gift for development -
       | software and hardware - the biggest factors affecting
       | profitability and growth here are things that most MBAs would do
       | in a business quite regularly (outsourcing
       | design/packaging/fulfillment, streamlining costs, doing price
       | elasticity experiments, polling customers and markets for product
       | improvement).
       | 
       | I enjoyed seeing the inverted perspective that
       | product/engineering is straightforward and low risk but things
       | like optimizing fulfillment and operating costs is a new exciting
       | endeavor.
       | 
       | One tip I suggest doing is leveraging google ads to figure out
       | features that customers are willing to pay for before you build
       | them... if they're clicking the ad they are searching for it and
       | interested in buying it. Start a few very low cap campaigns
       | calling out features you are thinking of building into the
       | product, and see which one get's the most impressions and clicks
       | per marketing dollar and focus on that. The added advantage is
       | you know it will be easier to buy advertising for it once the
       | feature is done.
        
         | dustingetz wrote:
         | 10x rev valuation is for high margin saas growing at 3x y/y in
         | a massive TAM where incremental capital injection results in
         | predictable rev growth
        
           | tgtweak wrote:
           | 10x ebit is not 10x rev - I think hardware startups that can
           | demonstrate economies of scale and straight line growth on
           | advertising + additional product segments and markets are
           | catching very healthy valuations still - not saas levels but
           | large saas companies are pushing way more than 15x ebit.
        
         | Aerbil313 wrote:
         | > ...but the reality is you're creating a company that should
         | be valued (and eventually sell) for 7-15X Earnings - and you
         | really should be looking at that increase in value vs your
         | increase in profits.
         | 
         | Muslim here. I think this is completely immoral and I don't
         | want to ever participate in stock market if/when I found a
         | company. I want my business to be valued with the actual value
         | it provides to people (the amount they are willing to pay me
         | for my products), not the hypothetical future money it may
         | potentially provide to rich people who gamble with their money
         | and the economy.
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | What's the difference when the 'product' is the company
           | itself? When a buyer comes along offering 7-15x the company's
           | earnings for it, why is that not 'the actual value it
           | provides' them?
        
             | Aerbil313 wrote:
             | Company acquisition is possible without the existence of a
             | stock market. What I'm objecting to is the latter.
        
               | kuresov wrote:
               | IPO/stock market was not mentioned anywhere in the post.
               | It's much more typical to be acquired than to go public.
        
               | Aerbil313 wrote:
               | Sorry, you're right. Confused the two for a second.
        
               | avarun wrote:
               | You're the only one that mentioned the stock market at
               | all, so I would question if you know the difference
               | you're alluding to here.
        
           | tgtweak wrote:
           | The reality, and this is how a private party, PE firm,
           | traditional bank or public market will determine this:
           | 
           | The company is generating profits currently at this rate Y,
           | and is growing at this rate X, that means that over 3 years
           | it should return those profits + the growth of that profit
           | back to the buyer (in cash as dividends and/or in enterprise
           | value), and that is factored into a rate of return - if that
           | rate is greater than the rates elsewhere, compared to the
           | risk, then it makes sense to buy it at that value.
           | 
           | Consider comparing the business to a traditional investment.
           | How much money would you need to have invested in medium-risk
           | markets to return $236k/yr? To beat the market average you'd
           | need about $2M invested to generate those returns. Now factor
           | in that the company itself is growing, and the company will
           | likely generate >$236k next year, and more the following
           | year... so how much do you need to invest today in
           | traditional markets to generate 236k+360k+500k (1.09M) over
           | the next 3 years? It's around $3M now. Consider that in 3
           | years time you could have taken $1.09M out in profit, and you
           | now own a business that is worth $4-4.5M (based on future
           | earnings potential).
           | 
           | You don't need to be an evil wallstreet hedge fund manager to
           | think like this - the owner of a business should consider the
           | enterprise value of their business at all times in making
           | decisions about their business.
           | 
           | This is how the entire economy works - if you're saying that
           | is against your moral Muslim faith then you should not be
           | buying any goods right now from public companies, hold any
           | mortgages, or keep any money in a bank.
        
           | robocat wrote:
           | > immoral and I don't want to ever participate in stock
           | market
           | 
           | I feel that is a common opinion amongst people that haven't
           | started a business. It is too easy to judge others.
           | 
           | If you are selling a product/service you can't avoid becoming
           | part of the capitalist system and you are supporting
           | "immoral" companies through your suppliers (e.g. paying
           | Google for advertising, paying Amazon for fulfilment).
           | 
           | It is difficult to start a business and keep true to your
           | ideals. And people that do walk the line between creating a
           | business and keeping their morals is uncommon enough that
           | they tend to be remembered for it e.g. Bob's Red Mill:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39366542
           | 
           | It is much easier to be tritely moralistic if you don't start
           | a business. I often really admire people with idealistic
           | values - and morality is critical in business. I don't admire
           | people if they go to negative extremes:
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splitting_(psychology)
           | 
           | Almost by definition starting a business means taking on
           | risks. Mixing risks and money is "gambling" and it is an
           | inherent property of businesses. Deciding what is good
           | gambling and what is bad gambling is a very old problem.
           | Buying insurance is reducing risk (less gambling) but
           | insurance is gambling by definition. Unfortunately you have
           | chosen the moralistic word "gambling" to talk about the
           | normal issue of managing risk.
           | 
           | Perhaps you just don't like the rich? One can have shares and
           | own a business without being/becoming rich - you don't need
           | to directly involve wealthy people.
           | 
           | One can bootstrap a company without taking rich-peoples
           | investments - see article. Unfortunately we get hoodwinked by
           | the success stories from the VC investment sector. We hear
           | less about the losers in the VC game or other ways to play
           | the game of business.
           | 
           | Edit: a business is just a complicated machine. If you
           | believe selling a product is moral, then you must believe
           | that selling a business is also moral.
        
           | Yabood wrote:
           | As a Muslim, I disagree. A business is more than the sum of
           | its revenues. Marketing, research and development,
           | relationship with clients, etc. are all part of the business
           | valuation. If a buyer looks at some business and decides its
           | worth 10x, then that's not haram as long as you're not
           | deceiving them.
        
         | OJFord wrote:
         | Advertise features you don't have and disappoint/infuriate
         | those would-be users? Or are you suggesting a slightly less
         | annoying 'coming soon' type landing page, where if it doesn't
         | get enough traffic 'soon' just never comes?
        
           | boarnoah wrote:
           | Wonder about this myself, have noticed with folks like Rob
           | Walling and presumably others. They all seem to suggest
           | testing market fit by essentially doing this for features,
           | and in some cases soft launching websites prior to having
           | anything ready at all!
           | 
           | Seems risky if you are dipping your toes into something you
           | do not have a deep understanding of the product market for.
           | 
           | Anecdotally I've seen with video games (the communities tends
           | to be very vocal and somewhat centralized?), where
           | inexperienced developers promise things that are
           | realistically way beyond the capabilities, or promise things
           | too early based on their honeymoon period for rough
           | implementations. Then suffer on the other end when they fail
           | to meet roadmaps or delivery of features at all.
           | 
           | It seems like an even worse situation with serious software
           | with asks for larger amounts of money? Then again maybe this
           | strategy can get away with it, because there is that lack of
           | cohesive communities with some degree of group think who
           | would get up in arms over bad promises?
        
             | hurflmurfl wrote:
             | The reason it won't really work for gamedev or complex
             | software is that the risk of the business isn't really in
             | the product-market fit, but rather in stellar execution.
             | 
             | If your business idea is dependent on being able to do a
             | complicated thing, then a POC or a demo might make more
             | sense for testing the waters and seeing if there's any
             | technical impediment to the idea
        
           | tgtweak wrote:
           | on $10/day max spend you'll get 1-2 people that will visit
           | the page, and you can put a "coming soon, leave an email and
           | we'll let you know" then you can email them when it is
           | deployed as well to recoup the adspend. If they're looking
           | for a feature you don't have they're not really your customer
           | today anyway. If they're looking for a feature that doesn't
           | exist anywhere then they have no choice but to wait for it to
           | be built.
        
           | vundercind wrote:
           | Yeah, it's simply lying.
           | 
           | "Hussle" ethics of "if it works it's OK" are so damn gross.
        
         | koonsolo wrote:
         | Sure, but the valuation doesn't buy you any food. In the end
         | you need cashflow.
        
           | chenxi9649 wrote:
           | depends on what "in the end" means haha
        
             | coldtea wrote:
             | it means when the bills come in and are due
        
         | bad_good_guy wrote:
         | Why should a company be assumed to be eventually sold? What the
         | heck is that kind of perspective. The vast majority of
         | small/medium companies are not sold - instead they provide
         | regular income to their owners.
         | 
         | This sounds to me like typical toxic silicon valley startup
         | mindset.
        
           | robertlagrant wrote:
           | > This sounds to me like typical toxic silicon valley startup
           | mindset.
           | 
           | I think this is naive cynicism, as it were. Lots of companies
           | are started by people who eventually want to sell them, be it
           | after 5 years or 50. Being biased against Silicon Valley
           | won't give you a good handle on this stuff.
        
             | chinchilla2020 wrote:
             | Not true at all. The local corner store, laundromat, and
             | plumbing company are usually not something that can be sold
             | easily. If they do, it takes years to find a buyer and they
             | are getting a low sale price.
             | 
             | Tech startups had high multipliers in the past 10 years
             | thanks to dumb money, low interest rates, and lot of hope.
             | Most of those things are drying up and many tech startups
             | that had decent valuations are now worthless.
        
               | creer wrote:
               | > If they do, it takes years to find a buyer and they are
               | getting a low sale price.
               | 
               | Is this true of standard businesses like laundromat or
               | plumbing?
               | 
               | Or is it a matter of such businesses rarely being in a
               | condition that makes a sale easy? If these are in a good
               | condition accounting-wise for example, they should
               | integrate readily and for a basic multiple of sales into
               | one of the neighbors?
               | 
               | What I have seen is unrealistic prices - and that's
               | another matter.
        
             | BiteCode_dev wrote:
             | Ferrero, Mars, Ikea, Ikea and Valve prove that you can get
             | very big and stay private.
             | 
             | Not everyone wants to IPO, or sell to big player.
             | 
             | You may want it to stay in the family, or protect the
             | original culture. Maybe you found someone in your team that
             | will be a great CEO.
             | 
             | Maybe you like that life.
             | 
             | You don't even need to big huge, look at 37 signal.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | Yes, of course there are different options. I'm not
               | saying there's only one option. I'm saying there are more
               | possibilities, not fewer. I.e. selling isn't some weird,
               | Silicon Valley mindset.
        
             | creer wrote:
             | Further to this, even if you don't intend to sell the
             | company, it's only really worth something besides the
             | salary or dividends you draw for yourself if it is
             | generally in a condition where it could potentially sell.
             | 
             | If it's legally dodgy; if accounting is a total mess; if it
             | relies entirely on personal connections or favors; if tax
             | returns or licensing are a mess; if there is no
             | documentation; if there is no consideration for bus
             | encounters; etc; etc - then it would take major work before
             | it could be sold and it is worth little until that work is
             | done. (Besides the current payouts to the owner which only
             | exist as long as the owner works on it.) That's because if
             | the owner quits or is incapacitated, the company just about
             | doesn't exist anymore.
        
             | PH95VuimJjqBqy wrote:
             | then do the calculations in 5 or 50 years.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | I don't understand your mindset that says you should
               | decide when other people multiply some numbers.
        
               | PH95VuimJjqBqy wrote:
               | I don't understand how anyone misread that so badly while
               | genuinely attempting to respond.
               | 
               | I suppose we can both say there are things we don't
               | understand.
        
           | r00fus wrote:
           | So the entire point of a "valuation" is to determine the sale
           | price, right?
        
             | cjbgkagh wrote:
             | Sale price is just one possible valuation. Replacement cost
             | is another. Net present value is yet another.
        
           | tgtweak wrote:
           | You don't need to sell it - you can lend against it or sell
           | part of it.
           | 
           | I don't think it's a toxic mindset but a financially literate
           | mindset.
        
           | mekoka wrote:
           | Your question can be rephrased as _why should a company be
           | valuated?_
           | 
           | Do you not see a point in valuating a company?
           | 
           | Because if you do see a point, how else will you do it
           | without assessing how much someone else would be willing to
           | pay to acquire it, i.e. how much would it sell for?
        
             | PH95VuimJjqBqy wrote:
             | In real estate there's this idea that if you plan on dying
             | in your home then the value of it is unimportant.
             | 
             | That idea also applies here.
        
               | ghurtado wrote:
               | Unless you have a mortgage, or your city reassesses
               | property taxes, or...
        
           | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
           | The vast majority of small/medium companies aren't _saleable_
           | either. However, building them to be sold, even if you have
           | no intention of selling, makes them more valuable.
        
           | gnicholas wrote:
           | > _The vast majority of small /medium companies are not sold
           | - instead they provide regular income to their owners._
           | 
           | This is true. Most people don't want to buy and run a
           | restaurant, bodega, hardware store, etc.
           | 
           | SaaS companies, on the other hand, are much more attractive
           | to buy. They can be run remotely, often do not require many
           | employees, and can be managed by a team that manages other
           | companies simultaneously.
           | 
           | The author's company falls into a middle ground. Hardware
           | manufacturing has certain idiosyncrasies that make it less
           | turnkey than SaaS. But nonetheless, many of the functions
           | (shipping out units) can be carried out by staff who are
           | trained but not necessarily highly technical. And it sounds
           | like the advertising has been pretty dialed in and automated
           | (though would need to be tweaked in future years,
           | undoubtedly).
           | 
           | There are some types of businesses that are hard to sell. Law
           | firms, for example, can only be owned by lawyers! But
           | companies like this one (and SaaS companies run by many
           | HNers) are much more attractive for buyers.
           | 
           | But even if it's not ever sold, the notion of valuation is
           | still useful because it quantifies the value of the future
           | cash flows and the anticipated time-cost of running the
           | business.
        
           | ensignavenger wrote:
           | Eventually, the owners are gonna want to retire or they will
           | die. Maybe, the business can be inherited or passed on to
           | family, or an employee. But if your family doesn't want to
           | take it over and you don't have any employees who are able to
           | run it (if it is profitable enough you could consider hiring
           | a manager), you either sell or shut down. Generally, most
           | find it preferential to sell. And most who have spent their
           | life working on something would prefer to sell and use the
           | income to fund their retirement- and see the business
           | continue.
           | 
           | There are lots of different exit strategies, but oftentimes a
           | sell of some sort is the only one that really makes sense.
        
         | awhitby wrote:
         | You're missing something. From the post:
         | 
         | > I don't draw a salary, so the total amount I earned from
         | TinyPilot in 2023 was $236k.
         | 
         | and
         | 
         | > Result: I worked 35-40 hours per week, a reduction from
         | previous years, and traveled more than any previous year.
         | 
         | This is a person who is effectively full-time CEO of this
         | business and whose market salary is likely at least $236k. If
         | they sold the business, the new owners would have to pay
         | someone else to put in those 35 hours.
         | 
         | Maybe the new owner could employ a less-skilled manager and pay
         | them less, or maybe there's still lots of potential growth or
         | room to cut costs, but that's all quite speculative: right now
         | the business has a profit, and therefore a valuation, closer to
         | zero.
        
           | avinoth wrote:
           | Valuing a profit-generating business that's making $1m in
           | revenue as zero is reductive.
           | 
           | Valuation of business isn't necessarily determined by profits
           | (perhaps for commodity businesses), It's just one of the
           | metric. This is a business that has strong operations,
           | product, assets, and IP, honestly quite surprised with this
           | take.
           | 
           | Also, a nit fwiw, you automatically assumed the entire profit
           | of the business is the market salary for the person running
           | this business
        
             | awhitby wrote:
             | I don't really disagree. It's a naive analysis, but
             | ignoring the opportunity cost of the time the owners put
             | into a business, which I was replying to, is even more
             | naive, and yet an extremely common mistake small business
             | people make.
        
             | gnicholas wrote:
             | We don't know that it is profit-generating, since the
             | author doesn't take a salary. As for the assumption that
             | the profit would be soaked up by the market salary for the
             | founder, the fact that he's a former Google engineer or
             | whatever is a pretty decent indication that this is true.
             | 
             | I would agree that most people would take some job
             | flexibility/autonomy in lieu of part of their bigco salary,
             | but my guess is that this particular Xoogler would be
             | making well more than $236k (including stock) if he had
             | stayed at Google.
             | 
             | EDIT: that doesn't mean he should have stayed at Google,
             | just that his market salary would very likely soak up all
             | of the profits this year. If he can keep up the growth (and
             | ramp down his hours), then it would be clearer that the
             | enterprise could throw of cash even after paying for all
             | the labor.
        
               | avinoth wrote:
               | That's the thing though, it's a Google engineer's market
               | salary, and likely the author's as well. But the OP was
               | drawing the conclusion that whoever's running the
               | business has to be paid the same amount, that's what I
               | wanted to address.
               | 
               | > I would agree that most people would take some job
               | flexibility/autonomy in lieu of part of their bigco
               | salary
               | 
               | This is one of the point the author has repeatedly
               | stressed the importance of and I very much agree as well.
               | The chance to chart your own journey and the excitement a
               | business could bring is anyday more valuable than the
               | predictable path of employment for many (including
               | myself)
        
               | mryall wrote:
               | He did pay himself a salary in 2023. See the P&L included
               | in TFA.
        
               | gnicholas wrote:
               | The article says:
               | 
               | > _I don't draw a salary, so the total amount I earned
               | from TinyPilot in 2023 was $236k_
               | 
               | I assume the salary line is for other people's salary.
        
             | danielmarkbruce wrote:
             | The point is it isn't profit generating by any reasonable
             | definition of profit and doesn't have some obvious path to
             | get there.
             | 
             | Taking into account all the things you mention, many
             | reasonable people who spend time buying and selling
             | businesses all day would value this business at zero.
             | 
             | The nit is generous - 236k is not going to cover the iq
             | points and hard work required to do the role of this owner.
        
           | tgtweak wrote:
           | That is true, and you would assume that if he sold he would
           | either work retained and draw a salary or hire someone at a
           | fair cost.
           | 
           | I think the company is too early to realistically sell - but
           | I don't think the value today is zero - it's likely worth at
           | least 2x revenue today given growth potential.
           | 
           | Look at lantronix (nasdaq:ltrx) - the company that makes the
           | "spider" product line - the original strap-on oob/ipmi. Worth
           | $160M while doing $120M of revenue and losing $9M/year.
        
           | csa wrote:
           | > right now the business has a profit, and therefore a
           | valuation, closer to zero
           | 
           | You're thinking of this like an engineer rather than a
           | business person.
           | 
           | 1. When selling a business like this, the $236k would be
           | called SDI or SDE (seller discretionary income/earnings).
           | 
           | 2. The _buyer_ determines what, if any, of that SDE will need
           | to go to paying someone to do what the seller does. These
           | duties could be assumed by the buyer, they could be assumed
           | by existing people the buyer employees, the tasks could be
           | reduced or eliminated, etc.
           | 
           | 3. Based on 2, the buyer will typically adjust the earnings
           | multiple that they are willing to buy at.
           | 
           | 4. For complex businesses that need someone doing one or more
           | specific roles, the listing agency for the business, if good,
           | will encourage the seller to fill certain roles to improve
           | the overall salability of the business and multiple of
           | earnings that it will be sold at.
           | 
           | 5. Without really looking into the business, I'm almost
           | certain that it can be sold for much closer to $1m (or more!)
           | than to your suggestion of (edit) _closer to_ $0.
        
             | gnicholas wrote:
             | GP does not suggest a valuation of zero. GP says that the
             | profit and valuation is closer to zero. It is not crystal
             | clear if this means "closer to zero than it is to $236k" or
             | "closer to zero than $236k is" (i.e., less than $236k). The
             | second is undoubtedly true.
             | 
             | The first may also be true, but would depend on the cost at
             | which the labor can be outsourced reliably, and what
             | oversight would need to be done of these outsourced
             | activities.
        
               | csa wrote:
               | Fair enough. I changed my comment to "closer to $0".
               | 
               | I still think that even talking about or towards $0 is
               | bizarre. Saying something like "less than $236k" would
               | have been much more meaningful if op meant either thing
               | you said.
        
             | danielmarkbruce wrote:
             | He's thinking about it like a business person who is
             | looking at buying a business. It's worth close to zero. In
             | it's current state this business is not an asset, it's a
             | organization doing stuff.
             | 
             | Breaking it out into SDE + adjustment is what the comment
             | already does, albeit without using that terminology.
             | 
             | One cannot hire a person who can do all the things this
             | owner does. The person is a smart former google engineer.
             | These people don't grow on trees. It would take a few
             | people to do a bad approximation of what he does. The
             | adjustment to SDE is going to be 100's of k and you get to
             | 0 cash thrown off.
        
               | csa wrote:
               | > It's worth close to zero.
               | 
               | Serious question... have you bought a business before?
               | 
               | It's what I do.
               | 
               | This business is not worth close to zero, and the stuff
               | that the current owner does (even if he's some miracle
               | worker, which xooglers aren't guaranteed to be) can be
               | handled any number of ways that cost less than $236k by
               | _some buyer_. This may not mean you or the person that I
               | replied to, but you two most likely aren't a part (and
               | certainly not a significant part) of the market of buyers
               | for businesses like this.
               | 
               | I can't tell if you're circle jerking the owner,
               | xooglers, or the (limiting) engineering way of thinking
               | about businesses.
        
               | danielmarkbruce wrote:
               | Yes. Lots of them.
               | 
               | Who is the buyer? The logical buyer of this hardware
               | business doing $1m per year and can backfill all the
               | things this guy does at some low enough number that this
               | business generates cash. And then, enough cash that it's
               | worthwhile to go through diligence and paper up a deal
               | and take on the risk that there isn't skeletons in the
               | closet.
        
               | csa wrote:
               | > Who is the buyer?
               | 
               | Realistically, the best buyer would be someone who has
               | deep connections in a market that the current owner
               | hasn't penetrated that could 5x the volume almost
               | instantly.
               | 
               | They would hem and haw about whatever small multiple the
               | seller is asking for, and then laugh all the way to the
               | bank after close.
               | 
               | I've seen this happen many, many times.
               | 
               | > And then, enough cash that it's worthwhile to go
               | through diligence and paper up a deal and take on the
               | risk that there isn't skeletons in the closet
               | 
               | For a business of this relatively small size, an agency
               | would likely be used, and they would do all of this
               | scutwork, and their fee is paid by the seller. Which
               | agency or agencies have you used (if any)?
        
               | danielmarkbruce wrote:
               | > Realistically, the best buyer would be someone who has
               | deep connections in a market that the current owner
               | hasn't penetrated that could 5x the volume almost
               | instantly.
               | 
               | This is a nice theory. And it could be true, and it does
               | happen, but it's more than likely not.
               | 
               | You must be using better M&A brokerages/bankers than I
               | ever have. None of them do _actual_ diligence, they are
               | selling the business...They are actively making the
               | business look different to what it is. They certainly don
               | 't take on any risk (they are not a party to the
               | agreement in any way) and they certainly don't obviate
               | the need to use and pay a lawyer (and most small deals
               | are each person pays their own costs).
               | 
               | With respect, are you actually buying businesses? Or just
               | doing contracted technical DD? It feels like you are
               | missing a good chunk of the picture here. The _default_
               | take on the value of this business by a lot of folks
               | buying businesses is going to be  "close to zero". I
               | mean, to be fair, I have not ever bought a hardware
               | business so I'm a little out of my depth here... but..
               | not miles out.
        
               | csa wrote:
               | > This is a nice theory. It could be true, it's likely
               | not.
               | 
               | I've done it / do it with taking products and services to
               | certain East Asian markets. And sometimes scaled quickly
               | at much more than 5x of the original revenue.
               | 
               | > You must be using better M&A brokerages/bankers than I
               | ever have.
               | 
               | FEI is one such broker, and know people on both sides of
               | transactions done through them that are happy. I haven't
               | used them personally, but that's one example.
               | 
               | They definitely do due diligence.
               | 
               | > With respect, are you actually buying businesses? Or
               | just doing contracted technical DD? It feels like you are
               | missing a good chunk of the picture here.
               | 
               | Funny, I was about to ask/say the same thing.
               | 
               | Yes, I buy businesses. No, I don't do technical DD
               | contract or otherwise (frankly, I'm not tech savvy enough
               | to do that on my own -- I can sniff out some bad code,
               | but I let the pros do what they do).
               | 
               | I/we are on HN reply delay to prevent "flame wars", even
               | though I don't think we are flaming. As such, I will stop
               | here.
               | 
               | If you are what you actually say you are, I wish you luck
               | and all the success in the world. That said, I stand by
               | everything I have said above.
        
               | danielmarkbruce wrote:
               | I did almost say ~ "it's possible we just see very
               | different deals and it colors the perspective".
               | 
               | I never deal with asia. Maybe everything I'm saying is
               | off base given it's hardware and asia is a thing in that
               | realm.
        
               | windowshopping wrote:
               | You should write something about what you do too. Buying
               | businesses sounds interesting, can you expand on this?
        
               | windowshopping wrote:
               | You should write something about what you do too. Buying
               | businesses sounds interesting, can you expand on this?
        
               | danielmarkbruce wrote:
               | There are lots of books written about buying businesses.
               | I'll give some insight - it's like turning over stones.
               | You turn over a lot before you find anything.
        
               | csa wrote:
               | > I'll give some insight - it's like turning over stones.
               | You turn over a lot before you find anything.
               | 
               | Priceless and totally agree.
               | 
               | The deal flow can be streamlined somewhat, but you're
               | still turning over a lot of stones.
        
               | csa wrote:
               | > You should write something about what you do too.
               | 
               | I think most of what one needs to know is already out
               | there. The key is being adaptable to the current
               | environment and being aware of one's value add (skill
               | set, network, etc.).
               | 
               | The problem with writing specifics about what I do is
               | that it invites competitors and/or haters (e.g., review
               | bombers or DDoSers). Some parts of my businesses have
               | enough moat such that I don't care, but other parts
               | definitely do not. It's not something I want to spend
               | additional brain cycles on.
               | 
               | > Buying businesses sounds interesting, can you expand on
               | this?
               | 
               | It's largely not. It's financially comfortable, and it's
               | nice being your own boss / leading your own team if
               | that's what you're into (I am), but I've done more
               | interesting work while working for "The Man". A lot of
               | what I do is just streamline a system that was
               | inefficiently run/managed.
               | 
               | What I do is very similar to what Andrew Wilkinson of
               | TinyCo has done, except I am about 10 years back on his
               | timeline, and I'm not sure I will end up going public. I
               | recommend looking for interviews and podcasts with Andrew
               | -- I have found them to be super interesting.
               | 
               | In relatively vague terms, I started a web dev agency,
               | and then used that cash flow to start buying businesses
               | that generate additional cash flow. Rinse and repeat.
               | This is exactly what Andrew did. Note that I didn't learn
               | about Andrew until last year, so I was happy to see
               | someone taking a similar path and scaling to a holding co
               | worth over half a billion.
               | 
               | Some things that I think folks don't do well when buying
               | and/or valuing businesses (both buyers and sellers):
               | 
               | - Keep an active deal flow pipeline, ideally one that is
               | not widely tapped. This usually entails talking to
               | people... lots of people. For example, finding solid
               | businesses on FEI is possible, but they will be very
               | competitively priced, and it will be prudent to have some
               | sort of pocket growth "hack" in mind if you want to make
               | it pay off handsomely. On the other hand, targeting some
               | "mom and pops" that have little or no idea about SEO and
               | SEM can present some soft deals.
               | 
               | - Figure out ways that one party can scale that others
               | can't. This is the type of "growth hack" that I mentioned
               | above. I know one guy who has one main move. He looks for
               | businesses in which he already buys some of their inputs
               | at a huge volume discount that smaller businesses can't
               | access (supplements are an example of this... I don't
               | recommend getting into supplements unless you are already
               | eyeballs deep in that world). Another example is having
               | access to markets or distribution that the businesses you
               | are targeting to buy don't have. One area I target (when
               | relevant) that many others don't is East Asian markets.
               | Another area I target is just increasing prices (usually
               | via segmentation). So many businesses charge way less
               | than the market will bear.
               | 
               | - Learn how to negotiate, including how to say no. Many
               | people just lay down and leave a ton of money on the
               | table. You don't have to be an asshole about it, but it's
               | prudent to be aware of what the value is for both the
               | buyer and the seller, and it's not uncommon for the buyer
               | to have significant upside potential.
               | 
               | - As someone else said, you're basically turning over a
               | lot of rocks. There are a lot of people trying to
               | bamboozle you, and there are a lot of solid businesses
               | that don't really offer a growth opportunity that you can
               | efficiently maximize. When you find something that fits,
               | it's often a no-brainer.
               | 
               | Let me know if you have any other questions. I will be
               | happy to answer.
               | 
               | I will add as a caveat that I can only give you
               | perspective from my limited experiences -- there are
               | myriad ways to buy and sell businesses profitably, and my
               | path is only one of them.
        
               | Aurornis wrote:
               | > (even if he's some miracle worker, which xooglers
               | aren't guaranteed to be)
               | 
               | > I can't tell if you're circle jerking the owner,
               | xooglers, or the (limiting) engineering way of thinking
               | about businesses.
               | 
               | I don't know why you're being so unnecessarily demeaning
               | about ex-Google people or trying to downplay the
               | accomplishments of the person who wrote the blog post.
               | There's no need to call it "circle jerking" if someone
               | acknowledges that the founder of a successful business
               | has accomplished a lot, well above and beyond what an
               | average engineer can pull off.
        
         | coldtea wrote:
         | If your company makes 50K/year profit (which as a bootstrapped
         | founder is what you take home to live with), you haven't
         | created half a million of net worth, you've just created a
         | company that might or might not make it 2-3 years down the
         | line, and which might not be that better than a salaried
         | position from a "net worth creation" perspective.
        
         | holoduke wrote:
         | No way that 7, 15x is realistic. From my previous 2 startups
         | none were sold for more than 4x. And these were healthy growing
         | +10m businesses. I am not sure where you got those numbers
         | from. I am curious.
        
           | tgtweak wrote:
           | What market were they in? What did the growth and earnings
           | look like?
        
           | titanomachy wrote:
           | Why sell a healthy growing $10m business for 4x earnings? Did
           | you have debt to service, or just wanted to do something
           | different, or some other reason?
        
             | gamepsys wrote:
             | At 4x it almost seems worth it to hire out the rest of your
             | day-to-day and let the operation cruise. The company will
             | probably under perform over time but you'll get more juice
             | from the fruit.
        
               | mewpmewp2 wrote:
               | With how fast tech is pacing there's no guarantee that
               | this business wouldn't be outpaced by competitors, and so
               | if you stay idly by and provide no innovation, the
               | business might just fizzle out.
        
               | Aurornis wrote:
               | > At 4x it almost seems worth it to hire out the rest of
               | your day-to-day and let the operation cruise.
               | 
               | As many small business owners learn the hard way, it's
               | nearly impossible to find someone capable of single-
               | handedly operating a small startup who would rather
               | operate _your_ startup than _their own_ startup.
               | 
               | Frequently, you can find someone to take the role for a
               | while. They might even perform well while you're training
               | them up. Then they're likely to go off and start their
               | own thing, which might come uncomfortably close to
               | competing with you (while staying just outside the reach
               | of noncompete agreements).
        
             | holoduke wrote:
             | Because valuation is different than the actual yearly
             | revenue. Company could be valued 10m, but revenue 1m. In
             | our case because of legal permits we aquired to run our
             | business and would normally take up to two years to get.
        
               | airstrike wrote:
               | so 10x revenue, which seems pretty decent for tech
        
           | RowanH wrote:
           | It really depends on a bunch of factors, if you've capped out
           | your total addressable market, and/or there's no fat to cut
           | out of the business (i.e. potential is limited) lots of
           | competitors etc, then a low valuation is reasonable.
           | 
           | But if you're growing, have big upside, and can be a rollup
           | or been operating quite inefficiently 4x would be
           | ridiculously low.
        
             | Aurornis wrote:
             | > But if you're growing, have big upside, and can be a
             | rollup or been operating quite inefficiently 4x would be
             | ridiculously low.
             | 
             | That's the dream, but the number of startups that check all
             | the boxes to fall into this category is extremely small.
             | 
             | There's a lot of data supporting 2-4X for small SaaS
             | companies. You'd have to be growing at an extreme rate year
             | over year over year for 4X to be considered "ridiculously
             | low".
        
           | solumunus wrote:
           | Ouch. Businesses sell for more than 4x all the time. There
           | are countless examples of that.
        
             | danielmarkbruce wrote:
             | Give the examples. Businesses this size in this market have
             | very few (/0) logical buyers.
        
               | t_mann wrote:
               | I can't speak for valuations, but I don't see the 'no
               | logical buyers' argument. This product has multiple
               | competitor products, mostly at far higher price points,
               | any of those manufacturers would seem like a logical
               | buyer to me (if only to get rid of the competition). Can
               | you elaborate?
        
               | danielmarkbruce wrote:
               | It's small. There are very few logical buyers of
               | technically complex small businesses. There are logical
               | buyers of small businesses and logical buyers of
               | technically complex businesses, but at the intersection
               | there is not.
               | 
               | Even bog standard SAAS companies struggle to sell at a
               | decent multiple when they are really small, and they
               | aren't especially complex.
        
               | lozenge wrote:
               | You aren't just buying a company, you're buying a job. In
               | this blog post, the payroll expense is $250k a year. The
               | founder is working for free 40 hours a week, acting as a
               | software dev, managing a $40k advertising budget,
               | developing the product, and overseeing the customer
               | support team.
               | 
               | If you buy this company and hire somebody who can do all
               | those things, that $235k of net profit becomes $0.
               | 
               | Buying it just to shut it down without continuing the
               | product- eh- does your product really address all the
               | needs of the customer base? Or will they go to another
               | competitor instead?
        
             | paulddraper wrote:
             | Businesses sell for 0x and Infinityx all the time. There
             | are countless examples of that.
             | 
             | But _bootstrapped_ business with growth rate for 7x+ (non-
             | trivial) revenue are uncommon.
             | 
             | 4x may be "ouch" for a VC but not a bootstrapper.
        
             | Aurornis wrote:
             | Not in the small cap SaaS world.
             | 
             | 2-4X is the current range.
             | 
             | The exceptions are for companies with extreme growth rates
             | for multiples years in a row. These are extremely rare,
             | even more so with pure bootstrapping.
        
           | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
           | Thanks for posting this. I was also misinformed, thinking
           | 7/15x was reasonable, but for small businesses valued
           | primarily on cashflow, looks like 3x is more accurate (of
           | course, growth affects that number a lot).
           | 
           | I thought this had a lot of good data:
           | https://www.bizbuysell.com/learning-center/industry-
           | valuatio.... For "Software and App Companies", the multiple
           | was 3.17.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | Payback period I assume. 3 years at 3x if revenue is flat.
             | I suspect 3.17 is around 30 months if your revenue growth
             | outpaces inflation.
        
           | kentlyons wrote:
           | Was management in place so when the founders exited the
           | company would still grow? With lower valuations (1-3x), the
           | purchaser is often buying a job in some way (either for
           | themselves or needing to find an operator). At 7-10x
           | multiple, the company is already has senior management in
           | place so the new owners would expect continued growth without
           | their own intervention.
        
           | windowshopping wrote:
           | You built two $10m businesses? Geez man where's your blog
           | post series
        
         | Andrex wrote:
         | Valuation is only useful if you're looking for an exit, and
         | maybe if you need to borrow a lot of debt (but if you're
         | bootstrapped, that's not on the table). For lifestyle startups,
         | profit is cold hard cash and valuation is a number in a
         | spreadsheet.
        
         | paulddraper wrote:
         | > creating a company that should be valued (and eventually
         | sell) for 7-15X Earnings
         | 
         | Only high-growth, high-margin businesses can get 7x+ earnings.
         | 
         | Creating a sufficient level of growth to garner 7x valuation is
         | very tough to do bootstrapped.
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | EDIT: The only reason anyone gets a 10x etc valuation is
         | because they're doubling+ year-over-year, and very likely
         | they'll be 3x bigger in 18 months.
         | 
         | So basically, that's a 3-4x valuation...of your probable
         | revenue in a year and a half.
        
         | abdullahkhalids wrote:
         | Any historians here who can comment on when people first
         | started selling their businesses? And when did the notion that
         | you build a business to sell it, first emerge?
        
         | interstice wrote:
         | This is encouraging as someone who is very comfortable with the
         | development side of my studio but still finds the business side
         | daunting at times
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Those multiples only work if you are growing so fast that you
         | start to become a threat to an incumbent. Otherwise, you can
         | halve that easily, it all depends on what you do as a business
         | and how hard it is to copy what you are doing. High multiples
         | require strong growth, strong IP and a shortcut compared to
         | redevelopment.
        
       | tomashertus wrote:
       | I admire the level of insight and transparency. Congratulations
       | on an amazing year, and keep swimming!
        
       | bytemonitor wrote:
       | Nice job, respect!
        
       | tech_ken wrote:
       | Nice work!! It's extremely motivating to see someone succeeding
       | on this route, and especially with a hardware product. Did you
       | start with any hardware foundations? Or was it something you had
       | to learn as you pivoted?
       | 
       | As an aside, this is such a nifty product! Don't personally have
       | a use for it (yet), but it definitely evokes gear lust.
        
       | chaosprint wrote:
       | This is a really informative and inspiring article.
       | 
       | It has been 6 months (not 6 years) since I quit my full-time job
       | as a Rust developer to start my own business.
       | 
       | As time goes by, I can feel the pressure of mortgage and car
       | loans, and I can also feel the care and pressure of my family.
       | 
       | My original plan was to make a new IDE for Glicol
       | (https://glicol.org), and to develop relevant hardware with
       | firmware written in rust for school education.
       | 
       | I sent some cold emails to VCs, but most of them got no reply.
       | 
       | I also sent an email to the Norwegian Museum of Science and
       | Technology, offering to perform for children for free, but they
       | didn't reply for two months. I shamelessly sent it again, and
       | someone finally replied with a rejection.
       | 
       | Only one VC talked to me and thought that I should convince and
       | validate a partner first, and he suggested that I go to an
       | incubator.
       | 
       | Very good advice.
       | 
       | Later I learned that even Norwegian education startups skipped
       | Norway and focused directly on the US market.
       | 
       | People from the incubator also told me that it is impossible for
       | Norwegian schools to accept new things independently.
       | 
       | This is very enlightening to me because most of Glicol's visitors
       | are indeed from the US. And it took me so long to discover this
       | fact.
       | 
       | But if I don't start, I'll never get past those six months.
        
         | CodeWriter23 wrote:
         | A deceased friend and I tried something like glicol in the
         | mid-80's. We hacked a different crystal oscillator on a Zilog
         | SCC board design donated by our employer to make a MIDI
         | interface. My friend coded 'lxm', Language for the eXpression
         | of Music. My job was to 'mxl', Musically eXpressed Language -
         | to capture from the Juno 106 we were developing with. We
         | weren't able to market it at that time. For your project, maybe
         | find a US-based partner, there are plenty of Magnet and Charter
         | Schools that can independently develop curriculum for non-core
         | subjects. A possible way in is to find ones with a PTO (not
         | PTA), the parents can drive this sort of thing. PTOs are
         | independent corporations that serve one or a few schools
         | whereast PTA is a top-down org and they are not the place to
         | try to drive innovation IMO.
         | 
         | The way I think about investors, they are an extremely high
         | interest loan. I have a money partner in my startup, I
         | negotiated his equity down to 70% from the 80% he wanted. So if
         | this product hits (already have a regular customer) and makes a
         | million, he'll get $700K for investing less than $100K. I'll
         | get $300K for investing probably about $300K worth of my own
         | time and hand half of that to the IRS. Balance that with
         | keeping 100% of $0 = $0.
        
           | chaosprint wrote:
           | Thank you for the information.
           | 
           | I agree with you about VC and you are obviously more
           | experienced as well. At that time, I just thought, try VC.
           | Later I could understand the track they wanted me to take,
           | and I also had other options such as bootstrapping.
           | 
           | But if it has to be some exponential growth and I am forced
           | to change the attitude of exploration, that is not my
           | original intention. I'd rather do some other business and
           | keep open source software going.
        
         | pka wrote:
         | Glicol seems very cool! Looks a bit like Faust
         | (https://faust.grame.fr), an FP sound programming language I
         | came across recently.
        
         | imhoguy wrote:
         | Reminds me Overtone build with Clojure
         | https://overtone.github.io/
        
       | ttcbj wrote:
       | Congrats! Not sure how many employees you have, but as you get
       | into the $200-$500k owner discretionary earnings level,
       | definitely take a look at small business retirement plans. If it
       | is just you, or just you and a family member, you can use
       | something like a Solo401k to defer up to $69k in earnings to
       | retirement accounts. The "personal" side of that (like $22k) can
       | be Roth.
        
         | yieldcrv wrote:
         | I think its prudent for anyone to form a solo401k plan, you can
         | have them attached to yourself as a sole proprietor and
         | separately attached to a company you form
         | 
         | I dont have the type of income to contribute to it EVERY year,
         | but even if you use an employer's 401k you can roll it over
         | into yours as soon as you leave or are eligible
         | 
         | solo 401ks remove all the guess work and limitations of your
         | other employer's random plans. you can invest in anything, not
         | just random vanguard mutual funds, you can borrow against them
         | instantly instead of however long the bureaucratic machinations
         | take, you dont have to ask anybody - people that dont know the
         | answers that they should know
         | 
         | and most importantly, the annual contributions are just the
         | first step, it grows tax free and should vastly exceed your
         | contributions. once it independently has a big enough net worth
         | it can be an investor in private equity and hedge funds'
         | feeders and be ready for some large moonshot bets or losses.
         | 
         | but remember, if you equate retirement accounts with the least
         | risk possible, generic advice gets generic results. its more
         | important that it grows tax free.
         | 
         | not advice, just what I do.
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Thanks!
         | 
         | I'm currently contributing roughly that amount into a SEP IRA.
        
       | DrNosferatu wrote:
       | Curious about your Zig book!
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Cool to know that there are people interested! I'm still a Zig
         | beginner, but I'm hoping there are enough Zig-curious folks to
         | support a book or course.
        
       | hermitcrab wrote:
       | Congrats. Selling hardware+software sounds a lot more stressful
       | than selling just software. I hit 20 years as a solo bootstrapper
       | in 2025.
        
       | system2 wrote:
       | I remember reading the Tiny Pilot website redesign[1] and feeling
       | the pain. I am glad you finally took care of the bleeding and
       | turned a good profit. I wish you to reach 7 figures this year.
       | 
       | [1] https://mtlynch.io/tinypilot-redesign/
        
       | pdq wrote:
       | General question when running a single member LLC: how do you
       | determine how much to take as salary versus business profit, and
       | how does that affect your taxes?
       | 
       | I'm guessing tax liability is mostly a wash, as if you are taxed
       | as an S-Corp, you pass through the profit into personal income
       | and pay income tax on that.
        
         | ao98 wrote:
         | That's very much a talk to your CPA question - because it
         | speaks to audit risk. The IRS wants to see you pay yourself a
         | fair salary so you are paying the appropriate payroll taxes,
         | social security, medicare, etc. The problem is "fair" is
         | somewhat subjective and depends on the profitability of the
         | business as well. I'm sorry this isn't a clear answer, but it's
         | just not a clear matter. Seek advice and ask "how would you
         | defend this stance in an audit".
        
       | dmezzetti wrote:
       | Really nice story with great details.
       | 
       | I've been building NeuML (https://neuml.com) for the last few
       | years. It all depends on the situation but if you need to replace
       | salary, then of course cash flow is important. It can't just be
       | about the future value, you have to live.
       | 
       | With that being said, I like to look at it as similar to renting
       | vs buying a house. In both cases, there is cash flow except with
       | buying you are also building equity.
       | 
       | For those interested in more about NeuML, I published this year-
       | in-review last month: https://medium.com/neuml/neuml-2023-year-
       | in-review-560457b97...
        
       | renewiltord wrote:
       | Huh, interesting. I used the PiKVM product for the same purpose.
       | This is very cool. This is a pretty cool product.
        
       | JonChesterfield wrote:
       | Their tinypilot kvm works. It's in the category of boring
       | infrastructure - I leave it plugged into whatever machine is
       | currently in need of attention and `https://tinypilot/` connects
       | to it. Little box hanging off the PoE switch, much less bother
       | than plugging a keyboard and monitor in. Especially so when I'm
       | away from the office.
       | 
       | Recommended. Saved me a lot of hassle. Thanks for the product!
       | 
       | I'd like to be able to power cycle the attached machine but that
       | seems inherently messy to implement.
        
         | tgtweak wrote:
         | It's a good idea for a feature - many other out-of-band
         | solutions have this. I think the issue comes mostly in that you
         | would need to unplug the server to add (and remove...) some
         | kind of relay-controlled power interrupt.
         | 
         | I would assume that most users of this are in a
         | rack/datacenter/server environment and have switched PDUs they
         | can remotely trigger power with, and it might make more sense
         | to build in PDU management as a software feature over the
         | network than try to reproduce the hardware functions.
         | 
         | Would be kind of cool to have a C14 input plug on the device
         | and a C13 out beside it that goes to the server/device, then
         | you can put an relayed interrupt inside it and also an ammeter
         | clamp to measure power draw and detect drops or spikes in
         | device power - for those systems that don't have built in IPMI
         | already.
        
           | justsomehnguy wrote:
           | And noone[0] whould allow to use that in a DC because this is
           | now a high-voltage device what can be source of fire, shock
           | and death. You need a certification for this kind of tech and
           | it's not cheap.
           | 
           | [0] of course most of time it would just go under the radar,
           | but you can find yourself in trouble, especially if the
           | device malfunctions
        
           | JonChesterfield wrote:
           | This thing https://www.audiophonics.fr/en/diy-kits-and-
           | boards/audiophon... is a C13/C14 block with a 3.5mm control.
           | AC power on if 12V minimal current applied via the 3.5mm,
           | otherwise off. I haven't got around to it yet but my sketchy
           | DIY idea is power-over-ethernet into a splitter into that.
           | That'll power off the server when the switch port is turned
           | off.
           | 
           | Strangely I haven't found a relay in the same packaging
           | anywhere else.
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Thanks for the kind words!
         | 
         | Yeah, power cycling is one of our top requests and a feature
         | I'd like to have personally.
         | 
         | If we just plugged into the ATX pins on the motherboard, that
         | would be technically pretty straightforward, but it increases
         | the work and expertise that end-users have to have. I've looked
         | into something like a smart plug, but then users need to
         | configure their BIOS to always power on when power is
         | available.
         | 
         | Definitely on my list of considerations for Voyager 3.
        
           | JonChesterfield wrote:
           | The two ATX pins you short to turn the box on connected to
           | the general purpose IO on the pi is probably the obvious
           | play. The pikvm people suggest running all the ATX pins over
           | another ethernet connection which is probably as neat as
           | it'll get, though I'd inevitably connect the ATX-over-RJ45
           | thing to the switch PoE at some point and that's probably bad
           | with all 8 wires connected.
           | 
           | Plus you'd want a ATX header to RJ45-or-whatever port per
           | machine. Workable but not very elegant.
        
       | solutionyogi wrote:
       | Michael,
       | 
       | You are an inspiration. I have been following your journey since
       | your post about quitting Google hit the HN front page. And what a
       | wild ride it has been.
       | 
       | You tried many projects (https://mtlynch.io/projects/), and it
       | took a while for you to find your winning idea. And I have read
       | each of your retrospectives on TinyPilot
       | (https://mtlynch.io/retrospectives/) and know that it wasn't
       | easy.
       | 
       | Your journey shows how hard it is to build a business (especially
       | hardware-based), but with discipline and perseverance, it's
       | definitely possible to create one as a solo founder.
       | 
       | I also have a business idea that I would like to work on, but I
       | am not ready to quit my full-time job yet. I have a few questions
       | for you:
       | 
       | 1. Have you always been so disciplined in life? If not, how did
       | you improve it? 2. As you shared here (https://mtlynch.io/solo-
       | developer-year-1/), doubts are natural when you haven't succeeded
       | yet; how did you keep going? Did you ever come close to giving up
       | and going back to corporate America? 3. I believe you have a
       | partner; how did this affect your relationship with your partner?
       | 4. Knowing what you know now, what would you do differently?
       | 
       | If you are ever in NYC, please hit me up; I would love to buy you
       | a drink and chat more in person.
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Thanks for reading and for the kind words!
         | 
         | > _Have you always been so disciplined in life? If not, how did
         | you improve it?_
         | 
         | No, I was a lot less disciplined when I was younger. I remember
         | as a teen trying to learn Java several times and always getting
         | bored a day or two in. I was a good student, but I would
         | procrastinate work and distract myself while working.
         | 
         | I probably became more disciplined in my twenties, but I
         | unfortunately don't think it was something I tried to do as
         | much as it just happened.
         | 
         | One thing I think helped was protecting my focus more. I used
         | to hop between different tasks a lot and constantly check
         | social media or email if I had a moment of downtime or boredom,
         | so I became more aggressive at stopping that.[0]
         | 
         | I also found the book _Deep Work_ by Cal Newport to be helpful
         | in staying more focused.[1]
         | 
         | > _As you shared here (https://mtlynch.io/solo-developer-
         | year-1/), doubts are natural when you haven't succeeded yet;
         | how did you keep going? Did you ever come close to giving up
         | and going back to corporate America?_
         | 
         | I went into it with the expectation that it might take 3-5
         | years for me to find a successful business, so I think that was
         | helpful. I've spoken to other founders who feel disappointed
         | that nothing they're doing is working because they were
         | expecting success to come quickly.
         | 
         | I definitely did worry that I wasn't cut out for being a
         | founder and that my skills made a lot more sense for a big tech
         | employee. The thing I found comforting was reading stories and
         | listening to podcast interviews with other founders where they
         | talked about how many failures they had before they landed on
         | the right business.
         | 
         | I never came close to going back to a corporate job because I
         | knew I had enough savings to last me, but if my financial
         | situation had been different, I might have given up before I
         | landed on something that worked.
         | 
         | > _I believe you have a partner; how did this affect your
         | relationship with your partner?_
         | 
         | There are lots of effects in different directions. Me not
         | having a regular job means that my income is less consistent
         | and certain, and she absorbs some of the risks I take. I also
         | feel like I'm not a good partner when I'm stressed a lot about
         | work, and so part of my motivation in de-stressing the business
         | has been to be a better partner in my personal relationship.
         | 
         | > _Knowing what you know now, what would you do differently?_
         | 
         | I wish I'd done educational products ("info products") earlier.
         | They're like a microcosm of the experience of launching a
         | product because you have to find customers, pitch to them
         | effectively, and then deliver something they'll want. Like you
         | can do that whole cycle in a month, whereas it would probably
         | take 3-10x that long to do it with a SaaS. I made my first
         | course right as TinyPilot was getting traction, and that course
         | made more than anything I'd done in the previous three
         | years.[2]
         | 
         | [0] https://mtlynch.io/eliminate-distractions/
         | 
         | [1] https://mtlynch.io/book-reports/deep-work/
         | 
         | [2] https://mtlynch.io/solo-developer-year-4/#hit-the-front-
         | page...
        
       | howon92 wrote:
       | Thanks for sharing your experience!
        
       | wenbin wrote:
       | Congrats on the incredible journey, Michael!
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Thanks so much, Wenbin! It's been really fun following your
         | journey with ListenNotes as well!
        
       | nox101 wrote:
       | Looking at the device, is it common to have a kvm that can't
       | power cycle the computer? I often need to power cycle mine and
       | was wondering if this was a solution for when I'm away
        
       | rexreed wrote:
       | Looks great. As a note I don't count credit card rewards as
       | revenue, but rather I count it as an offset to expenses. In this
       | way, rewards don't add to the top line, but rather improves the
       | bottom line. Basically I consider it a way to discount my
       | expenses, or as a negative expense. The reason is because those
       | rewards are linked to expenses. If you spend more, you get more
       | rewards. Spend less, you get less. You can't increase rewards
       | (generally) without increasing expenses. So I see it as a way to
       | discount or reduce expenses vs. increase the top line. Long story
       | short, if you see your rewards increasing 10x that means you've
       | increased expenses some factor of 10x which isn't so great. You
       | could list rewards under the "Everything Else" line of expenses
       | as a negative expense in red. The result will be the same on the
       | bottom line but it won't be misleading the top line, which should
       | be driven as high as you can.
       | 
       | Also those cloud expenses look significant. That looks like an
       | 80% increase year-over-year which is substantial. Is there a way
       | to shave off a significant amount by moving to a different method
       | for architecture? Or will that break your system? I worry about
       | rapidly growing cloud expenses especially when you're not that
       | huge of a company.
       | 
       | Finally I'm curious about those dividend earnings! Living off
       | them is great, especially as you were doing so in the lower-
       | interest rate years. Can you share insights in the high yield
       | dividends you're earning that are also low risk enough that the
       | underlying investment value doesn't erode?
        
         | codegeek wrote:
         | Agreed. You should not include rewards as revenue. That is
         | incorrect and misleading. I get lot of credit card rewards for
         | our business but it is definitely not revenue. If anything,
         | some accountants will argue that it is actually an income for
         | yourself if you redeem them.
        
           | jjeaff wrote:
           | Unless this has changed in the last few years, credit card
           | rewards are non-taxable income. you can personally keep the
           | rewards and not claim this as income. I'm pretty sure this is
           | still the case because if it wasn't my cash back card would
           | be sending me a 1099.
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Thanks for reading!
         | 
         | I hadn't heard that about credit card rewards. I'll talk it
         | over with my accountant. Thanks for the tip!
         | 
         | > _Also those cloud expenses look significant. That looks like
         | an 80% increase year-over-year which is substantial. Is there a
         | way to shave off a significant amount by moving to a different
         | method for architecture? Or will that break your system? I
         | worry about rapidly growing cloud expenses especially when you
         | 're not that huge of a company._
         | 
         | The big one is Shopify ($4.7k). That's partially because they
         | charge a percentage of our sales and partially because we had
         | to upgrade to the $300/mo plan when we switched to the 3PL in
         | order to get features that bridge our 3PL's system to our
         | Shopify account.[0]
         | 
         | The other big jump was in HelpScout ($2.4k) because we used to
         | have a discounted rate as a startup, but that ended after two
         | years, so we pay a whopping $50/seat.
         | 
         | > _Can you share insights in the high yield dividends you 're
         | earning that are also low risk enough that the underlying
         | investment value doesn't erode?_
         | 
         | Oh, really nothing especially clever. Just the popular Vanguard
         | index funds like VFIAX (S&P 500) and VBTLX (total bond market).
         | 
         | I had some money in VLGSX (long-term treasuries), which didn't
         | have a good time when interest rates increased in the last
         | couple of years, but fortunately, I was diversified enough for
         | stocks to compensate.
         | 
         | [0] https://mtlynch.io/retrospectives/2023/04/#should-we-
         | pay-150...
        
           | rexreed wrote:
           | Interesting on the cloud expenses (Altho I'd really
           | categorize those as SaaS vs cloud, but that's just semantics.
           | I tend to think of Cloud as IaaS / Paas / Faas vs. Saas which
           | is mostly renting an online application). Regardless, Those 2
           | only add up to $7.1k so I'm curious where the bigger ~$9k
           | remainder is coming from.
           | 
           | Folks love Shopify, and it does work very well. But for my
           | small businesses I've been very happily using Woocommerce on
           | Wordpress, basically nothing but the hosting cost for
           | Wordpress, and it's been delivering very well. I've done
           | several million annually on the Woocommerce / Wordpress
           | combo.
           | 
           | That being said, even eliminating or reducing Shopify would
           | still have you at a premium vs last year so there must be
           | some other Saas / Cloud expense driving that bill up.
        
             | mtlynch wrote:
             | > _Folks love Shopify, and it does work very well. But for
             | my small businesses I 've been very happily using
             | Woocommerce on Wordpress, basically nothing but the hosting
             | cost for Wordpress, and it's been delivering very well.
             | I've done several million annually on the Woocommerce /
             | Wordpress combo._
             | 
             | I don't love Shopify, but it's been overall fine. It mostly
             | does what we need, and it's been stable, so I've been
             | reluctant to change. Even if we swap out Shopify, we still
             | have to pay someone whatever credit card processing fee.
             | 
             | > _Regardless, Those 2 only add up to $7.1k so I 'm curious
             | where the bigger ~$9k remainder is coming from._
             | 
             | It's just a lot of little things. A lot of them are around
             | team collaboration. Here are the next top five:
             | 
             | CircleCI: $2.3k
             | 
             | Plane (contractor management): $1k
             | 
             | Time tracking: $700
             | 
             | TalkYard (support forum): $700
             | 
             | Inventory management: $600 (we stopped using this after we
             | switched to the contract manufacturer)
        
       | snarfy wrote:
       | > I had savings in index funds from years working in big tech,
       | and those investments generated enough dividend income to sustain
       | me.
       | 
       | How big would that savings account need to be for these dividends
       | to amount to something substantial to live off of?
        
       | celestialcheese wrote:
       | Weird to see CC rewards as income. If you're taking cash-back or
       | applying to balance, I'd move to a points-based rewards card ASAP
       | now that you're making money and don't need it to live off of.
       | 
       | Our business has a significant amount of cc spend because of ad
       | networks that don't charge processing fees, and high CC limits
       | acting as nearly free lines-of-credit. This generates something
       | like ~$100k annually in points value for us.
       | 
       | We got some opinions from a few tax attorneys and CPAs a while
       | back on how to handle this, and the consensus was clear that as
       | long as points stay in the programs and are redeemed for
       | flights/hotels/etc, they won't need to be recorded as rebate to
       | expenses or as income.
       | 
       | Applying the rewards against your balance should be recorded as
       | rebate against expenses rather than income. Also, worth noting
       | that some cash back programs have started issuing 1099s,
       | depending if it's a "Bonus" or percent of spend.
        
         | abi wrote:
         | I was curious about this as well! Thanks for sharing your
         | research.
        
       | mixmastamyk wrote:
       | Great project. Got me thinking that we all have these management
       | systems in our computers now (intel me vpro, amd psp) potentially
       | compromising privacy.
       | 
       | But, they don't appear to be useful in remote management. To the
       | extent that this external device is necessary. Is that correct
       | and/or why?
        
       | magnetDD wrote:
       | Am I shadow banned?
        
       | software0to1 wrote:
       | If you or someone from this community with successful background
       | are willing to mentor our startup, we will give meaningful equity
       | and mutually agreed compensation.
       | 
       | We are struggling to find ICP. We built an MVP but interest has
       | faded away from early customers. We know problem exists because
       | large players are solving it. Either our message and who we are
       | reaching out for sales is wrong or our product approach is wrong.
       | 
       | We need guidance. Email in profile if you are interested in
       | mentoring us.
        
       | nikisweeting wrote:
       | So happy for you, thats a wonderful milestone!
       | 
       | I love especially that you share all the nitty-gritty details
       | that so many would hold back (e.g. raw revenue/profit numbers,
       | where bootstrapping savings came from, failures along the way,
       | etc.).
       | 
       | It's so important for people to share success stories without
       | sugar coating the difficulties, good, undiluted positive feedback
       | provides so more information than generic negative posts like "VC
       | funding sucks".
       | https://monadical.com/principles.html#:~:text=telling%20some....
        
       | vander_elst wrote:
       | Thanks for the write up and congrats!! Sorry for asking, but
       | genuinely curious, assuming you wouldn't have had some savings on
       | the side, would have you started in the first place? How would
       | the lack of backup have impacted the journey from your
       | perspective?
        
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