[HN Gopher] German credit agency earns millions through unlawful...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       German credit agency earns millions through unlawful customer
       manipulation
        
       Author : latexr
       Score  : 273 points
       Date   : 2024-02-16 10:40 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (noyb.eu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (noyb.eu)
        
       | vdaea wrote:
       | What's the point of a credit agency if they can't get paid for
       | making their reports?
        
         | shmeeed wrote:
         | They can and do get paid by businesses.
        
         | victorbjorklund wrote:
         | They point of a credit agency is to sell the data about your
         | credit worthiness to OTHERS that are considering giving you a
         | credit so they can make an accurate risk assesment.
        
           | vdaea wrote:
           | That's a distinction without a difference. Whether the renter
           | or the landlord buy the credit report, the renter will pay
           | for it anyway.
        
             | JackFr wrote:
             | Well, no. If the applicant is denied they pay nothing.
        
               | bberenberg wrote:
               | In NYC we have application fees that are non refundable
               | to cover background checks. It's turned into its own scam
               | where people show rooms to rent, collect deposits, and
               | never run the checks and keep the deposits.
        
               | 8organicbits wrote:
               | The applicant keeps applying until they are approved, so
               | everyone ends up paying. Being perpetually denied would
               | mean being homeless. Not much of a silver lining.
        
             | fabianholzer wrote:
             | No, a business (or landlord) is free to spend their own
             | dime on a report and is not entitled to get data about
             | others for free.
             | 
             | In the case of landlords it is possible that they ask the
             | potential tenant to hand in a report as a precondition to
             | even make a contract offer. In that case the potential
             | tenant would have to pay for their own data if it weren't
             | for GDPR. The Schufa uses dark patterns to trick people
             | into buying data they legally are entitled to get for free.
             | If you get around their confusing UI (we recently did...)
             | they send you that infamous 30 Euro report for free without
             | much more ado.
        
         | yorwba wrote:
         | They're allowed to charge for the service of assessing a
         | person's credit risk and attesting to it. In the common case
         | you just get a document saying effectively "we have no negative
         | information on file regarding this person".
         | 
         | But they also provide what's essentially a vanity service where
         | they give you a more detailed breakdown of the information they
         | have on you. They're also allowed to charge for that.
         | 
         | The issue is that under the GDPR, they're _also_ required to
         | provide all the information they have on you, for free.
         | 
         | Now this obviously conflicts with their nice side business, so
         | they're trying to herd people towards the paid offering.
         | 
         | I don't think making the free GDPR export more prominent would
         | threaten their core service. After all, businesses interested
         | in your creditworthiness don't want to make too many complex
         | decisions themselves, so they'll continue to rely on Schufa's
         | stamp of approval instead of wading through the details of your
         | financial history. (And how do they know you're not hiding
         | something from them?)
        
       | sam_lowry_ wrote:
       | They should market validation and non-repudiation services
       | instead of just selling personal data.
       | 
       | The problem is with marketing, not business model.
        
       | f6v wrote:
       | I don't know how it's in other countries, but Schufa is a
       | monopolist and feels like simply paying a tax. You have no
       | choice.
       | 
       | Interestingly, I didn't need a credit check to rent in Belgium
       | and Denmark.
        
         | mschild wrote:
         | There are 3 other companies in Germany that offer the same
         | service. Schufa is the most well-known one but far from a
         | monopoly.
         | 
         | That said, I agree with you. It needs to go.
        
           | bun_terminator wrote:
           | I have never heard of that. Schufa is THE thing you need for
           | everything. Hard to believe they're not a monopoly in
           | practice?
        
             | rob74 wrote:
             | Maybe it's the same as with TUV? There are other companies
             | that offer the mandatory recurring technical inspection of
             | your car ("Hauptuntersuchung"), e.g.
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekra, but "TUV" has become
             | synonymous with the process itself...
        
         | Aachen wrote:
         | Same in the Netherlands, and I can personally corroborate that
         | you don't need it in Belgium. Finland also didn't need it but
         | for a temporary student apartment that might be different.
         | 
         | Currently in Germany, yeah... we paid the Schufa tax twice over
         | because we're two people renting together, and the GDPR data
         | export thingy conveniently omits the credit score they've
         | computed about you...
         | 
         | Was considering whether one can make use of the 14-day return
         | thing, but they've thought of that: it uses a sealed envelope
         | that's hard to open without leaving evidence (under a guise of
         | having a nice opener mechanism).
        
         | pjmlp wrote:
         | I only know something like Schufa here in Germany, never needed
         | something like that in Portugal, UK, France, Switzerland.
        
           | hocuspocus wrote:
           | In Switzerland for a proper lease, you likely need to provide
           | a (clean) record from the debt collection register. But it's
           | a government run agency, as it should. No score. Debt
           | collectors can file claims a bit too easily and there are
           | errors, but you can also challenge them easily.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Most countries have something allowing liens against
             | property; liens against persons are harder to keep track of
             | (hence things like credit burros spring up).
        
             | pjmlp wrote:
             | Back when I was actually living there, 2003 - 2004, it was
             | only the painful interview process as if applying for a
             | job, but I didn't had to provide anything else.
        
               | hocuspocus wrote:
               | Debt collection records were definitely a thing 20 years
               | ago.
               | 
               | But it sounds like you were dealing with an individual
               | landlord, that's kinda rare. They might be more willing
               | to use common sense and not ask useless documents from
               | someone who just arrived in the country.
               | 
               | On the other hand, big property management companies will
               | typically not bother with an application that doesn't
               | tick all the boxes.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Being at CERN helped, it wasn't individuals, but it took
               | about three months, and several attempts.
        
               | hocuspocus wrote:
               | CERN gives you diplomatic status, by law (at least in
               | Geneva) lessors have to be more accommodating indeed.
               | 
               | On the other hand, most landlords and property management
               | companies absolutely hate applications from people who
               | they know are going to leave after a fixed term contract.
        
           | odiroot wrote:
           | In the UK, it's usually the landlord (or their agent) doing
           | the background checks on you. And they pay for it.
        
           | tumetab1 wrote:
           | In Portugal most of times you need to provided an income tax
           | statement which I think servers the same purpose.
        
             | pjmlp wrote:
             | Is definitely not the same, schuffa has a complete history
             | of anything financial related to your life, including a
             | credibility score that we don't have any clue how they come
             | up with it.
        
           | xen0 wrote:
           | In the UK at least, credit reports largely happen behind the
           | scenes, and potential landlords etc cannot perform a full
           | credit search. With your permission they can perform a 'soft'
           | search (have you declared bankruptcy or do you have any
           | County Court Judgements) and they may not charge you for
           | doing this.
           | 
           | Further, as of GDPR, you are entitled to all information from
           | the agencies for free. Prior, you could obtain it for a small
           | fee (PS2 by post if my memory serves me correctly).
           | 
           | As far as I'm concerned, SCHUFA is basically a scam I am
           | compelled to fall for whenever I want to rent somewhere.
        
         | hulitu wrote:
         | > I don't know how it's in other countries, but Schufa is a
         | monopolist and feels like simply paying a tax
         | 
         | It looks more like the Mafia. You pay a protection tax but this
         | does not guaranty anything.
        
         | harha wrote:
         | might be worth fixing the problem all together by making it
         | easier to kick out people who don't pay rent.
        
           | tetris11 wrote:
           | In a better world I could maybe believe that giving landlords
           | more power could make the system more efficient, but...
           | well...
        
             | harha wrote:
             | The amount of paperwork to rent in Germany is just silly,
             | so the landlord can have a higher likelihood of getting the
             | agreed rent paid. That's an additional cost when I want to
             | rent a place and I'd rather not have a that at the cost of
             | being kicked out when I don't pay.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | Because landlords have never abused their power for financial
           | gain, malice or outright to get sexual favours from desperate
           | tenants
           | 
           | It took nearly 10 for my previous landlord to face the
           | justice.
           | 
           | She was completely outrageous and shameless in her crimes -
           | blatantly in violation of registration for HMC, violation of
           | planning permissions, squalor, disrepair, the houses had rats
           | and literal hole in the wall for rain and wind. She would
           | harass gullible and naive students, illegally evict them,
           | etc. and all her crimes were on written record.
           | 
           | And she was doing it with impunity for years. For all that,
           | her punishment is a slap on the wrist - https://www.birmingha
           | m.gov.uk/news/article/266/rogue_landlor...
        
         | jonp888 wrote:
         | You don't need to pay. You can get a report for free showing
         | all the information they have about you. It just doesn't show
         | the score.
         | 
         | I have never known anyone to demand the paid version.
        
           | shellfishgene wrote:
           | This is exactly what the lawsuit is about, they hide the free
           | version and it does not contain all information.
        
       | shmeeed wrote:
       | It's high time this issue gets sorted out by the courts and
       | Schufa is finally forced to change their malicious business
       | model.
        
         | mschild wrote:
         | Change it to what though?
         | 
         | On the one hand, I think Schufa is collecting a lot of
         | unnecessary data that they should'nt have access to. For
         | example, when I bought a pre-paid SIM card in Germany the
         | provider did a Schufa check. No idea why.
         | 
         | On the other hand, I get why a credit score can be useful for
         | larger purchase decisions. If I was a bank, I'd like to know if
         | the person I'm lending 400k for a property, has in the past
         | defaulted on any loans.
         | 
         | I genuinely don't know what a good middle ground is though.
        
           | fmbb wrote:
           | A good middle ground could be to only check what you
           | suggested the bank wants to know:
           | 
           | "Has this person defaulted before?"
           | 
           | If someone wants to borrow huge sums from a bank the bank
           | should take the risk and price it appropriately.
           | 
           | If someone wants to borrow money to buy a TV the seller
           | should take the risk and price it appropriately.
           | 
           | The current solution seems too invasive for what it provides.
           | How is the world better because Schufa knows someone bought a
           | prepaid phone card and can sell that to an online store when
           | you buy a pair of shoes and choose to pay by invoice the next
           | week?
           | 
           | Something is in theory cheaper somewhere but where is the
           | proof? The only hard data we have is that Schufa and
           | companies like them are making billions, so there is
           | certainly money to be saved by someone somewhere by scrapping
           | this.
        
             | kioleanu wrote:
             | Schufa for buying stuff and Schufa for banks are two
             | different branches, meaning that if I buy something with
             | Klarna, they'll query a Wchufa service for online
             | purchases. A bank credit will query another service from
             | Schufa, which probably tells them what other loans I have
             | and will put a huge dent in the score
        
             | burnerthrow008 wrote:
             | > If someone wants to borrow huge sums from a bank the bank
             | should take the risk and price it appropriately.
             | 
             | Yes, but the point is that they can use your credit score
             | to make more fine-grained assessment of risk.
             | 
             | Should an auto insurance company offer the same rate to a
             | 97 year old blind driver with a history of accidents as
             | they would to a 30 year old in good health with no tickets?
             | What about the 16 year old who just passed his driving test
             | yesterday? Clearly these three people present vastly
             | different levels of risk to the insurance company and, even
             | though it is certainly _possible_ for the insurance company
             | to do so, it would be stupid to ask them to pay the same
             | rate.
             | 
             | The bank is simply doing the same thing: Pricing risk
             | appropriately. The fact that they offer significantly
             | different interest rates to different groups (or decline to
             | offer credit entirely) just shows that these signals are
             | effective at measuring risk.
             | 
             | > How is the world better because Schufa knows someone
             | bought a prepaid phone card and can sell that to an online
             | store when you buy a pair of shoes and choose to pay by
             | invoice the next week?
             | 
             | Well, the shoe store is extending you credit, so it would
             | seem appropriate for them to want to, as you put it, price
             | the risk appropriately. The fact that you have recently
             | undertaken other credit obligations is suggestive (yes, not
             | conclusive, but still suggestive) that you may be in a
             | precarious place financially and thus statistically more
             | likely not to pay your credit on time.
        
           | dgellow wrote:
           | Force them to have transparency, regular audits with
           | consequences if they fail
        
           | sofixa wrote:
           | > On the other hand, I get why a credit score can be useful
           | for larger purchase decisions. If I was a bank, I'd like to
           | know if the person I'm lending 400k for a property, has in
           | the past defaulted on any loans.
           | 
           | The amazing thing of living in the modern connected world is
           | that we have all sorts of information available easily. We
           | can use what other countries are doing as inspiration, or as
           | learnings what not to do.
           | 
           | The problem you're describing has been solved for decades in
           | tens of countries around the world, there's no point in
           | reinventing the wheel. In France what the bank does is ask
           | the national bank about the person's credit history, which
           | will only contain current and past loans, lapses in
           | repayments, being sent to collections, etc. So only stuff
           | that is actually relevant to the question "has this person
           | defaulted on loans previously and are they thus a risk of
           | defaulting again", which together with the information about
           | current revenues is all they need.
        
       | ttyyzz wrote:
       | You can request a free "data copy in accordance with Art. 15
       | GDPR", which according to them "contains information that you
       | should treat sensitively." and further: "SCHUFA therefore advises
       | against passing it on to third parties."
       | 
       | The product they market, the "credit report", costs EUR30 and,
       | according to them, is "forgery-proof" and "up to date" (lolz).
       | 
       | I don't know the main differences to the free "data copy" -
       | probably just a report with this specially invented key figure
       | and a bit nicely prepared.
       | 
       | All in all, SCHUFA has a very unsympathetic image here in
       | Germany, I think rightfully so. Nobody wants to have anything to
       | do with them voluntarily.
        
         | kioleanu wrote:
         | The free report is the list of entries they have on your name.
         | Based on that they calculate scores and risks, but you don't
         | have access to those numbers unless you pay.
         | 
         | They did buy an app last year called Bonify that allows you to
         | see your credit score for free. There was a hilarious scandal
         | last year as a security expert was able to get some high
         | politicians credit score through the app and they shut the app
         | down for a few days so this doesn't get exploited
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | Question. How do I know where to send my "data copy requests"
         | if I want to know which companies have my data?
        
       | calmoo wrote:
       | Some fun features of SCHUFA in Germany:
       | 
       | 1. If you apply for a loan, this affects your credit rating. Yes
       | - not _get_ a loan, or _default_ on a loan, simply by applying
       | for a loan, your SCHUFA can be affected negatively. Especially if
       | you are shopping around for loans, this is infuriating. This
       | happens because your SCHUFA is affected simply by another entity
       | checking your SCHUFA score. This is also really annoying because
       | it can be very hard to get a loan as a recent immigrant to
       | Germany, so you inevitably end up applying for multiple ones.
       | 
       | 2. Your SCHUFA score is also affected by where you live, and how
       | many jobs you've had in X years, and how often you move (which is
       | often as a recent-ish immigrant).
       | 
       | 3. Services like Klarna affect your SCHUFA - even if you have a
       | perfect payback time.
        
         | vdaea wrote:
         | Using a service like Klarna means you're bad at dealing with
         | money, so it makes sense.
        
           | BadBadJellyBean wrote:
           | It isn't. I financed my phone for free via Klarna. I could
           | easily pay it at once but why would I. In the end I save a
           | bit because of inflation.
        
             | vdaea wrote:
             | Unless either your salary or the price of the phone
             | increased in those months, you didn't save anything.
        
               | TheNorthman wrote:
               | He can't predict the future. The relevant metric must be
               | 
               | 1. The chance, weighted by amount, of a price hike/salary
               | increase
               | 
               | 2. The chance, weighted by amount, of a price
               | decline/salary decrease.
               | 
               | As inflation is generally an upward trend, clearly no. 1
               | is more likely and thus the best bet.
        
               | chmod775 wrote:
               | Another advantage of financing even though you would have
               | had the money on hand is that you have more liquidity/the
               | option of doing something with that money in the
               | meantime.
               | 
               | Also someone may have some assets they could turn into
               | liquid cash if I really needed to but may not have a lot
               | of liquid cash on hand, so there would be little risk in
               | paying something in installments as long as their assets
               | would be enough to cover it in a pinch.
        
               | archi42 wrote:
               | While liquidity is a reasonable argument, I only know
               | this from "rich people doing things/investments"; e.g.
               | not selling shares in your company when building a new
               | house, or a company building a warehouse.
               | 
               | I am not sure it actually applies to the cost of a phone.
               | Chances are, if those matter, you'd be better off with a
               | cheaper phone to begin with. (Substitute phone with other
               | luxury articles).
        
               | globalise83 wrote:
               | The price of the phone and the installment amounts are
               | fixed at purchase. If there is a positive inflation rate
               | you are guaranteed to make a real saving (but not a
               | nominal one) by paying some of the purchase amount later
               | on. What happens to your salary or the price of the phone
               | later has nothing to do with it.
        
               | dmurray wrote:
               | Or if there was literally anything else he'd prefer to
               | buy up front than wait until he'd saved up enough to
               | replace the cost of the phone.
        
               | AlexandrB wrote:
               | Just by keeping that money in a savings account you'd
               | save _something_.
        
             | josefx wrote:
             | > I financed my phone for free via Klarna
             | 
             | So how do they make money? Sounds like they would be losing
             | money to inflation by offering that service for free.
        
               | vdaea wrote:
               | They make money because they know that if you need to use
               | Klarna to finance a EUR300 purchase you are very likely
               | to default on the loan and pay interest.
        
               | chmod775 wrote:
               | > So how do they make money?
               | 
               | Generally the logic on "free" financing by the seller is
               | that without it, they may have not made a sale at all.
               | Sure it cuts into their margins, but offering rebates
               | would have had a similar effect.
               | 
               | Klarna probably still charges the vendor a few bucks for
               | handling the thing.
        
               | steveklabnik wrote:
               | https://www.bitsaboutmoney.com/archive/buy-now-pay-later/
        
             | purpleflame1257 wrote:
             | Bad at dealing with money isn't necessarily true. Better to
             | say "has outstanding financial obligations."
        
           | lukan wrote:
           | Huh? Aren't they try to be mainly a online payment provider
           | like paypal? That is how I used them couple of times. Money
           | straight from my bank account via them, towards the shop.
        
             | sofixa wrote:
             | They also provide payments plans (pay in 3/4 instalments,
             | or over a year or two) which often, but not always, charge
             | exorbitant rates. I've bought stuff split over 3-4
             | instalments multiple times for free or for a minimal
             | processing fee (like 3 euros to pay 1600 euros in 4
             | instalments over 4 months). Always for stuff that I can
             | afford outright, but would prefer to split the costs over
             | multiple months.
             | 
             | They probably make their money from the seller who banks on
             | the fact that people would be reassured of being able to
             | afford the high priced item, and thus be making more sells
             | than otherwise.
        
           | kioleanu wrote:
           | I use Klarna (albeit rarely) to only pay _after_ any returns
           | are completed and only the amount I need. Not pay upfront and
           | then wait good know how long for three online shop to return
           | my money. I always pay well before the deadline.
           | 
           | My bank just scraped virtual cards and I use them for online
           | payments so I wanted to use Klarna as a virtual card. Went
           | through the whole process only for it to fail at the end with
           | Klarna saying that they can't generate that card, but I
           | should go talk to Schufa or Arvato about it.
           | 
           | So, not all use cases are bad and Schufa should distinguish
           | between them.
        
         | asmor wrote:
         | To note, SCHUFA requires all requests to contain a feature code
         | describing the GDPR-"legitimate reason" for the request, and
         | only some affect credit. But those consuming the API have long
         | sent wrong codes, and nobody in the chain cares.
        
         | hef19898 wrote:
         | Regarding 1): This can be avoided by having an agency asking
         | for loans for you, as those requests are not directly linked to
         | you as far as Schufa is concerned.
         | 
         | Most of the time so, you can easily ignore Schufa in your dqy
         | to day live. They suck to deal with for mortgages, loans and
         | appartment rental so. And they over step their authority and
         | abuse their power all the time, without cobsequences for them
         | so far. Hope that changes soon.
        
         | alibarber wrote:
         | Applying for a loan affecting your credit report also was/is a
         | thing in the UK - but I think banks realised that it was
         | hurting their business (they want to sell you a credit
         | card/loan after all, and aren't going to if people are scared
         | to ask them for it). So now it's a gimmick that's splashed all
         | over their websites that you can get a quote with only a 'soft
         | search' that doesn't affect your report.
         | 
         | Even though, if you log on to the (free) credit reporting
         | service to see your own data - these 'soft searches' are still
         | recorded, so the industry has basically decided that they
         | shouldn't affect your chances of getting credit.
        
           | Mountain_Skies wrote:
           | Don't about the UK but in the US there used to be a big
           | privacy problem around people who worked at banks and car
           | dealerships looking up credit reports for non-business
           | reasons. Soft inquiries are a way to combat that by making
           | every request to view a person's credit report into a
           | recorded event that the person can see.
        
         | prepend wrote:
         | These aren't random factors though, they are all correlated
         | when higher risk of default.
         | 
         | Would you like the models to ignore these predictors of
         | financial strength? Because, you don't like it?
        
           | data_maan wrote:
           | As the previous person pointed out, these predictors have
           | cases when they are obviously wrong.
           | 
           | Solely relying on statistics will have people falling through
           | the cracks.
           | 
           | A perfect example of when thinking only in averages, and
           | using trendy data-first approach leads to awful and stupid
           | results for groups with too little size to matter
           | statistically. Make your models fair, ffs!
        
           | calmoo wrote:
           | I'm sure you would change your opinion when you immigrate to
           | a new country, have to move around to different apartments
           | because of a massive housing crisis, and then find an
           | apartment long term and get accepted, and then get rejected
           | based on your SCHUFA because you moved around multiple times
           | and perhaps opened a bank account or two.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | Applying for a loan in the US can affect your credit score for
         | awhile, because the system isn't instantaneous and it's trying
         | to handle someone requesting (and getting) multiple loans at
         | once.
         | 
         | There are "soft pulls" and "hard pulls" that affect this
         | differently. Usually it doesn't matter much in the long run of
         | things.
        
       | pjmlp wrote:
       | Great! I hope that noyb gets the case, being at mercy of Schufa
       | has a Mafia feeling to it.
        
       | wolframhempel wrote:
       | What surprised me about Schufa is that the certificate it
       | provides only states that you didn't have any defaults or
       | delinquencies in Germany. That's quite different from a credit
       | rating in the US sense that you can build up by consistently
       | borrowing and repaying over time.
       | 
       | When I moved to Berlin after having lived in London, my Schufa
       | was thus as pristine as possible - simply because I had no German
       | credit history to begin with.
        
         | pintxo wrote:
         | They do calculate a score, for use by their customers, which
         | also includes your credit history. But if you don't have any,
         | well.
        
         | heffer wrote:
         | I do feel they are increasingly modelling themselves after the
         | US system, seemingly only impeded by stricter data protection
         | laws. Schufa, as you said, used to be mostly the exchange of
         | negative-only debtor information (i.e. Schufa having no
         | information about you is a good sign for your
         | creditworthiness). I'd say in the last 15 years (or so) we've
         | arrived at the point where Schufa having no information about
         | you is about as bad as having negative information. Exactly
         | like in the US. The only difference being that for their main
         | consumer product you are still fine to get the "Nothing
         | negative to report" document, as that is what's accepted by
         | most landlords.
        
         | changethe wrote:
         | they have many different scores.
         | 
         | the main consumer-facing score is what you are describing,
         | which is never used by their customers.
         | 
         | for customers (banks,insurances, retail companies etc.) they
         | have scores tailored to their industry (branchenscore), which
         | also includes repaid loans etc.
         | 
         | the "basisscore" is pretty much useless, it's only a number
         | given out to consumers.
        
           | changethe wrote:
           | in case you speak german: i wrote up an article about their
           | scoring some time ago.
           | 
           | in the following section i talk a little bit about the
           | differences between "branchenscores" and the "basisscore":
           | https://onlinekredit.com/schufa-scoring#der-schufa-
           | basisscor...
        
       | ArmandGrillet wrote:
       | Finally. Germany combines some of the worst aspects of the US
       | (credit ranking, complicated abortion process, private healthcare
       | if you want decent treatments) with the worst aspects of Europe
       | (low digitalization, high taxation, recursive federalism: within
       | the country and within the EU).
       | 
       | A country like the Netherlands has its own issues (mainly
       | housing) but doesn't have the myriad of pain points you can find
       | in Germany like Schufa, anti-customer contract rules, or public
       | healthcare inaccessible despite paying more than 400EUR/month for
       | it as a single individual.
        
         | tietjens wrote:
         | Hello from Germany. No lies detected. Don't forget about a
         | working culture where process always ranks above results, and
         | leaders commonly lack confidence to make pragmatic decisions.
        
           | odiroot wrote:
           | > Don't forget about a working culture where process always
           | ranks above results,
           | 
           | And where tenure ranks above skills or experience. Especially
           | if unions are involved.
        
           | anovikov wrote:
           | Well, this working culture makes result slow and expensive,
           | and as a result, in many cases uncompetitive, but it does a
           | good job of avoiding fuckups and while slow and expensive,
           | things usually get done predictably, on time and on budget.
           | Which probably makes it better than American reckless "fake
           | it till you make it" approach in most of the complex
           | projects.
        
             | freshbob wrote:
             | No, it absolutely does not. It might have in the past, when
             | industry was booming in Germany and setup costs were huge
             | and mistakes were very, very expensive. However, they've
             | pretty much lost the race when it comes to software and
             | digitalization, where setup cost is pretty much non-
             | existent, mistakes are inexpensive (fail early, fail fast),
             | and ROI are generally multiples of 100%.
        
               | anovikov wrote:
               | I had an experience with a German client in a software
               | project. It freaked the hell out of me with slowness of
               | decisionmaking, long contract every point of which as it
               | turned out, was material, in a nutshell it was a 50/50
               | coding vs lawyer job and took 5x the time same thing
               | would take with an American client. It also made me next
               | to no profit.
               | 
               | But, unlike a lot of things we write for Americans, that
               | one turned out to be actually workable, usable in their
               | (rather large) product, and runs happily to this day
               | almost 5 years later. I count it as a success and
               | attribute it mainly to this boring, overly conservative
               | and procedure-ridden work process.
               | 
               | But yes, i agree, that for software projects, virtues of
               | this approach are more limited than in "hard"
               | engineering, and probably do not outweigh downsides in
               | many cases.
        
             | tietjens wrote:
             | I am familiar with this response but I can't take it
             | seriously. The country is looking at something like -0.4%
             | growth this year. "On time and on budget" really? Like the
             | Berlin airport? Like the digitalization budget that hasn't
             | been spent? There is no spirit of pragmatism here. Only a
             | fear of not following the rules.
        
         | robert_foss wrote:
         | This is entirely correct. Having lived both in North America
         | and Sweden this is a very accurate description.
        
         | ffsm8 wrote:
         | > _public healthcare inaccessible despite paying more than
         | 400EUR /month for it as a single individual._
         | 
         | That's a pretty new thing though (been getting worse for the
         | last 10 yrs). And the person responsible for the legislature
         | that caused this change is the current health minister.
         | 
         | Also... 400EUR? It's a percentage of your salary. And you're
         | omitting that the employer pays the same amount, so you're
         | effectively paying 800EUR at the very least.
        
           | generic92034 wrote:
           | > And the person responsible for the legislature that caused
           | this change is the current health minister.
           | 
           | Could you please explain that a bit more?
        
             | ffsm8 wrote:
             | He revamped pretty much evey monetary incentive a few years
             | ago, which directly caused the "gold rush" privatization of
             | hospitals etc, making a lot of treatments uneconomical.
             | There has been a lot of coverage about it over the years -
             | both by official channels and independent YouTubers and
             | journalists, I'm not going to do it justice by summarizing
             | it in a comment here.
             | 
             | A somewhat recent German video (2yrs old) is "Pflege
             | katastrophe - exposed". But ARTE , DW and ZDF all have
             | reported on it at this point
             | 
             | The controversy about diabetis patients getting amputations
             | over simple treatments is a pretty well known symptom of
             | this revamp, as operations get a very high payout
        
           | carlosjobim wrote:
           | > you're effectively paying 800EUR at the very least.
           | 
           | That makes it worse! Not better.
        
             | jonp888 wrote:
             | It's a collective payment system whereby everyone receives
             | the same treatment, but high earners subsidize low earners,
             | students and pensioners. Whether that is a good idea or not
             | is of course a matter of debate, but it doesn't make sense
             | to compare the benefits with the cost because they are not
             | linked.
             | 
             | If you are a really high earner you can opt out and pay a
             | private risk-based premium instead.
        
               | carlosjobim wrote:
               | The original commenter was complaining that he was paying
               | EUR400 per month and not getting adequate service for
               | what he is paying. Somebody else mentions that he's
               | actually paying EUR800 per month (and not getting
               | adequate service). That makes it even worse, and I'm
               | surprised if somebody can not understand that.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | But as a higher earner he's paying 800EUR so that someone
               | poorer can pay 100EUR and not get adequate service. ;)
               | 
               | As an American I choose to ignore this and pretend that
               | everywhere else has perfect healthcare and government.
        
               | chmod775 wrote:
               | From that amount I can tell they're at or near the
               | maximum amount you _can_ pay (a software dev salary will
               | usually get you there). It currently tops out at 421,76
               | Euro and doesn 't increase any further from there.
               | 
               | Many people at that income bracket opt for private
               | insurance, because it will be cheaper and provide you
               | better care.
        
               | blackmoon42 wrote:
               | Cheaper, when you are young and single. Get a family and
               | pay for every member. Get older and see your rates
               | increasing. Also the rates won't drop if you're a
               | pensioner.
               | 
               | You need to know your future, as it's more or less a
               | decision for life.
        
           | asymmetric wrote:
           | > Also... 400EUR? It's a percentage of your salary. And
           | you're omitting that the employer pays the same amount, so
           | you're effectively paying 800EUR at the very least.
           | 
           | Not everybody is employed.
        
             | Aerroon wrote:
             | If you're not employed then aren't you expected to pay both
             | halves yourself?
        
               | fabian2k wrote:
               | It is paid by the social security system in that case. If
               | you're self-employed then you will have to pay both parts
               | yourself.
        
               | Aerroon wrote:
               | Ah, that's nicer than here. In my EU country you just
               | don't get healthcare if it's not paid. Funnily enough you
               | can't just go and pay it either, it has to come through
               | something like a job.
        
         | jonp888 wrote:
         | I'm a bit surprised you would consider the credit system the
         | same as the US. It doesn't have the bonkers bit of the US
         | system where you have to take great care to be in a small
         | amount of debt even if you don't need to be, in order to
         | "prove" your creditworthiness so that you can be in a lot of
         | debt later.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | Being in debt to build credit is mostly a fairy tale told by
           | the companies - just having an open line of credit is all you
           | need to provide account age. You don't need to use it or
           | carry a balance (you may need to use it periodically to keep
           | it open but that can be charge/pay off immediately).
        
           | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
           | It's starting to creep into public services. You couldn't
           | even get easy access to Covid stimulus funds without a credit
           | card. Debit cards were rejected despite providing the same
           | level of ID verification.
        
             | devmor wrote:
             | At what point did you need to use a credit card to receive
             | your economic stimulus payment? I simply confirmed my most
             | recent tax year information when I claimed mine.
        
         | albert180 wrote:
         | That's utter bullshit. Your quality of care in the hospital is
         | exactly the same as with public health insurance. Also
         | sometimes private insurance is even worse when it comes to
         | addiction and psychological treatments
        
           | hocuspocus wrote:
           | You're treated the same in big hospitals but when I was in
           | Berlin, private vs public meant I could get an appointment at
           | a dermatologist tomorrow instead of in two months.
        
           | tietjens wrote:
           | This is not true. Private insurance means better care in
           | hospitals in Germany. Better access to appointments, choice
           | of head/experienced doctors, even can mean better rooms.
        
             | Trollmann wrote:
             | No, it means you may potentially have all of those but
             | there is no guarantee. Neither is there a guarantee that a
             | publicly insured person wouldn't receive the same
             | treatment. E.g. if there aren't any free "better/worse"
             | rooms what are they supposed to do? Many of these are
             | nowadays covered by employers as a benefit or for cheap
             | (~5EUR) out of pocket if you want.
             | 
             | Private insurance matters most for specialists that don't
             | (aren't allowed to) have (or want) a public insurance
             | license.
        
             | albert180 wrote:
             | You know, I'm a med student, so I have a bit more
             | experience :) The Head/Experienced Doctor is still letting
             | the Learning Doctor doing everything and pops in only for
             | the visit. Also the "standard" Patients get also checked by
             | a Oberarzt regularly. The difference is miniscule. The
             | Rooms are sometimes nicer I agree, but the care you get is
             | still 100% the same. The Hospital also doesn't get extra
             | money for the treatment besides the Fee for the "Chefarzt"
             | and the nicer room. Otherwise they'll only get the same DRG
             | payout as for a "public patient"
        
           | ArmandGrillet wrote:
           | Just open Doctolib and tell me it's the same when looking for
           | any kind of doctor. The difference in waiting time is 3
           | months, bare minimum.
        
             | Ringz wrote:
             | I just opened Doctolib and did a test with a dermatologist.
             | The difference between private insurance was 23.5.2024 and
             | public insurance 5.6.2024. That makes 13 days and not "3
             | months bare minimum".
             | 
             | https://0x0.st/HnBZ.png https://0x0.st/HnBN.png
        
               | albert180 wrote:
               | Also if your primary doctor determines that you need an
               | urgent appointment, they can give you a priority code,
               | which gives you a quick appointment, since those visits
               | are paid on top of the regular budget for the specialist
        
         | fabian2k wrote:
         | That's an overly negative and hyperbolic view. Nothing is
         | entirely wrong here, but you're painting every single point in
         | the most negative way possible.
         | 
         | You can certainly argue about how good the healthcare system is
         | in the end, but it isn't categorically inaccessible. And if you
         | pay 400 EUR/month you're earning enough money and can choose
         | the private health system if you prefer that.
         | 
         | The credit ranking also works in very different ways than in
         | the US, so I wouldn't compare them directly. I'm not sure what
         | you mean by anti-consumer contract rules.
        
           | panki27 wrote:
           | While choosing to be in the private system is an option, it
           | only "makes sense" if you make at least 70kEUR a year, so
           | definitly not for everyone.
           | 
           | The issue is not getting in - but getting back out before you
           | retire and don't have enough available income to pay the
           | rates anymore.
        
             | fabian2k wrote:
             | If you pay ~400 EUR for the public healthcare you make 70k
             | or more.
             | 
             | The cost for public healthcare is scaled by income, and is
             | limited around 400 EUR. It's a bit higher now, but I would
             | suspect that the OP is not necessarily talking about the
             | most current values here and is hitting the older limit and
             | therefore earning more than the "Beitragsbemessungsgrenze".
        
               | miroljub wrote:
               | The limit is ~900 EUR per month, not ~400 EUR. People
               | frequently forget the employer matching, which at the end
               | comes from your pocket, since it's mandatory.
               | 
               | Also Freelancers and self-employed need to pay full
               | contribution of 900 EUR, not "just" a half.
        
               | cycomanic wrote:
               | No the employers contribution doesn't come out of your
               | pocket. The employers contribution comes out of the
               | employers pocket and is the cost of doing business.
               | That's like arguing the rent for the office space or even
               | the warehouse or servers come out of your salary. Your
               | salary is essentially a function of supply and demand and
               | not a function of cost. I mean, if external costs would
               | influence salary we'd see remote workers earn more than
               | on site ones, because employers save on office rent. In
               | reality it's more likely to be that remote workers have a
               | lower salary.
        
               | lupusreal wrote:
               | If you're paying 400 EUR for public healthcare, shouldn't
               | you receive good healthcare for that? Why is private
               | healthcare even in the discussion? Why does the public
               | option suck?
        
             | mns wrote:
             | Even if you get in, it's scummy. Once you get to a certain
             | age, the payments are crazy. Not to mention people "selling
             | it", like a colleague of mine got scammed into going
             | private, he had some eye issues a couple of years before,
             | and when the issue came back, the insurance refused to pay
             | because it was an existing condition, making his treatment
             | unaffordable and having to literally quit, leave the
             | country for a while and come back just to get back to
             | public.
        
         | oytis wrote:
         | Is Netherlands healthcare better? From what I've heard from
         | people having lived in both countries, German healthcare is
         | more accessible. E.g. in Netherlands you can't see a specialist
         | doctor unless you convinced your GP you absolutely have to -
         | which can be hard at times.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | I'm 58 and not exactly in the best of health. I've had to
           | rely on healthcare in NL quite a few times over the last 20
           | years or so and all of those were serious cases. I have
           | nothing to complain about, but that's n=1. To increment that
           | n a bit: I know _lots_ of people here and almost all of them
           | have had some health issues over the years and the vast
           | majority of those have been dealt with in a serious and
           | reasonably effective manner.
           | 
           | Where NL is utterly ineffective is when it comes to vague
           | symptoms. Until it is perfectly clear what is wrong you're
           | going to be seriously frustrated because the diagnostic
           | machinery isn't really all that effective, when in other
           | countries they'd spend a fortune to find out what's wrong
           | with you in NL unless it's 100% clear you're going to have a
           | hard time getting the care that you need.
           | 
           | I blame Calvijn, NL seems to have a misplaced sense of
           | reduced expression of emotion resulting in an expectation to
           | tough things out rather than to deal with them and for some
           | reason doctors seem to see complaints without a direct
           | relatable cause as an attack of hysterics rather than as
           | something to investigate. If you come from a different
           | background you're going to find this a very difficult thing
           | to deal with.
        
             | formerly_proven wrote:
             | > the diagnostic machinery isn't really all that effective,
             | when in other countries they'd spend a fortune to find out
             | what's wrong with you in NL unless it's 100% clear you're
             | going to have a hard time getting the care that you need.
             | 
             | What other countries are those?
        
             | Unfrozen0688 wrote:
             | >when in other countries they'd spend a fortune to find out
             | what's wrong with you in NL unless it's 100% clear you're
             | going to have a hard time getting the care that you need.
             | 
             | Sweden here, I hear the same things. I have had good
             | experiences with health care here as my problems have been
             | "normal" and straight forward.
             | 
             | But what other countries? Really, name one.
             | 
             | Same with computers.
             | 
             | You want to fix a straight forward problem or a vague one?
        
         | sofixa wrote:
         | > Europe (low digitalization, high taxation, recursive
         | federalism: within the country and within the EU).
         | 
         | A decent chunk of those are exclusive to Germany, or at least
         | far from the norm in the EU or Europe in general. For instance
         | digitalisation varies wildly between countries, but Germany is
         | definitely one of the most embarrassingly behind countries.
         | Taxation also varies (e.g. Bulgaria and Estonia have flat
         | income taxes). Federalism isn't a thing in most European
         | countries too.
        
         | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
         | > or public healthcare inaccessible despite paying more than
         | 400EUR/month for it as a single individual.
         | 
         | This is super close to my early 2010's ACA experiences. Even
         | when a poor earner could scrape up enough to buy a plan, the
         | deductible made it unusable.
         | 
         | Policy pricing was exorbitant for $12k/yr earners but dropped
         | enough for 22k/yr that a few plans were buyable. The challenge
         | was coming up with another $somethingthousand to cover the
         | deductible.
         | 
         | There was a sharp drop-off in plan pricing at 32k/yr and some
         | mid-grade plans were in reach. IIRC deductibles were lower on
         | those plans and they may have been usable (or nearly so).
         | 
         | What struck then. Of the news orgs cheering/damning the ACA,
         | zero of them ever covered how pricing dropped as income rose. I
         | assume that's because pricing was only ever disclosed to folks
         | who completed the lengthy signup process - and news folks found
         | it too daunting to experiment with.
        
           | fabian2k wrote:
           | There are no real deductibles in German public healthcare,
           | though some areas are excluded almost entirely like glasses
           | and certain dental work. The cost is also scaled to income,
           | the 400 EUR (which is only 50% of the cost, the other 50%
           | pays the employer) here are what you pay when you earn ~70k
           | EUR per year and are essentially the maximum for public
           | health care. So it is much cheaper if you earn less money.
           | 
           | One of the main current criticisms of the system is that it
           | can be very difficult to get appointments with specialists
           | compared to people with private health insurance.
        
             | dkekenflxlf wrote:
             | Bro, du solltest mal deine Gehaltsabrechnung prufen - mit
             | dem Gehalt bist du bei knapp 1000EUR
        
               | fabian2k wrote:
               | I used the values from the original post, which is only
               | the employee part and not the employer part. I also
               | assumed that they're not using current but slightly older
               | values here. I also didn't include the PPV, if you
               | include that and count the employer part you end up at
               | 1000 EUR.
        
         | interactivecode wrote:
         | Healthcare is kinda shit in The Netherlands. Long waiting lists
         | even for simple things. Never actually prescribing medication
         | but instead over prescribing paracetamol. Only being able to
         | get a set amount for appointments regardless of actual need.
         | 
         | Sure if you're in a car crash and urgently need care they will
         | help you without going bankrupt but anything less urgent good
         | luck getting an appointment this week / month / year
        
           | karpour wrote:
           | This, not nearly as bad in the US, but a mess of private
           | insurances.
        
             | njarboe wrote:
             | A mess of private insurances, partial payment by the
             | government of private insurance based on income, and then
             | full (or almost full) government payment based on veteran
             | status, income, and age. It's more complicated than this of
             | course.
        
           | notaustinpowers wrote:
           | Does The Netherlands not have Urgent Care facilities like the
           | US? I feel like those for of facilities could handle the
           | issues of a lack of access for simple or menial things. I had
           | to get a cyst lanced a few weeks ago and I just walked into
           | an Urgent Care by my house and was in and out in about an
           | hour with no appointment. I think it was about $180 since I
           | didn't have insurance.
        
           | anonzzzies wrote:
           | I am dutch and have lived in quite a few countries in the eu
           | and se asia: I would prefer to never have to deal with NL
           | healthcare services again compared to other countries. And I
           | have been (unfortunately) been in hospitals, a lot. Since the
           | 90s NL is striving to become little USA policy wise and this
           | is still getting worse. It's a shit show.
        
         | ciclotrone wrote:
         | I find it quite disturbing that high taxation is seen as a
         | negative aspect of Europe. I lived in Italy, France and
         | Germany, and I enjoyed public healthcare and education of very
         | high standard at very affordable prices, and free in the limit
         | that one cannot afford to pay for them.
         | 
         | As a relative of a person with a chronic disease I can tell you
         | that on the one hand if we are not bankrupt it is because of
         | public healthcare, and on the other I'm proud of contributing
         | through my taxes so that anybody in need can have the same
         | treatment irrespective of their economic situation.
        
           | formerly_proven wrote:
           | High taxes with no matching value behind them is undeniably a
           | negative.
        
             | Nextgrid wrote:
             | Yes, that's my problem with high taxation, as someone who
             | got burnt by it by virtue of living and paying taxes in the
             | UK.
             | 
             | I don't mind paying my fair share of tax if it means I get
             | good value out of it, but the state of our healthcare here
             | means that in practice the public healthcare system is no
             | longer fit for purpose, so we are being forced to pay for a
             | system that doesn't work and end up having to go private
             | (and thus pay again) when we do need timely healthcare.
             | 
             | I am generally in favor of fair, progressive taxation to
             | ensure everyone has a good social safety net, but the
             | taxation should be fair (it's no longer the case in the UK,
             | since tax brackets haven't been adjusted for inflation) and
             | the services paid for by those taxes should provide good
             | value.
             | 
             | The danger with services funded by taxes as opposed to a
             | private enterprise operating in a free market is that
             | private enterprises are bound by competitive pressure - if
             | they are delivering terrible service and stuffing their
             | pockets with the money, you are free not to do business
             | with them and a potential competitor (that stuffs their
             | pockets a little less) can come along and get your business
             | instead.
             | 
             | With tax-funded services, this pressure doesn't exist, so
             | there's no incentive for politicians (and everyone else in
             | the value chain) to deliver good service, since people
             | generally can't opt out of taxes. This means that even if a
             | service is _currently_ good, there 's no guarantee it will
             | remain so since the pressure for it to remain isn't there.
             | Thus, when you see high taxation, it's reasonable to be
             | worried whether the service provided by those taxes is any
             | good and whether it will remain so in the future.
        
               | mint2 wrote:
               | Except there's a lot of services that are unsuited to
               | being delivered by competitive markets as it's nearly
               | impossible to prevent monopolization.
        
               | Nextgrid wrote:
               | Agreed, although this can be addressed by appropriate
               | regulation. However, the ultimate issue is that the
               | government should do its job well, and whether it's the
               | task of adequately regulating a market vs providing the
               | service itself, the problem that there's no pressure it
               | to do it well still remains.
        
               | ScoobleDoodle wrote:
               | Somehow in the USA these theoretical competitors that
               | lower the profit margin and provide better service seem
               | not to materialize. We end up with whole industries all
               | of whose participants are funneling money to the
               | executives and investors at the expense of customers and
               | society. It's such a broad issue that half of inflation
               | is attributed to this corporate greed which is not being
               | mitigated by the invisible hand of capitalist
               | competition.
               | 
               | Without proper regulation and enforcement capitalism
               | devolves to monopolies and oligopolies and eliminate
               | competition and subdue market forces.
        
               | mathgradthrow wrote:
               | private enterprise is not "bound by competitive
               | pressure". Companies only compete by virtue of the
               | government forcing them to. Are you arguing that humans,
               | inventors of civilization, are too stupid to figure out
               | how to cooperate?
        
               | Nextgrid wrote:
               | I disagree that companies only compete thanks to
               | regulation. Companies competing is the default -
               | regulation sometimes (either as an unintended oversight
               | or malicious intent thanks to lobbying/corruption)
               | prevents it though.
               | 
               | There are many valid scenarios where competition is
               | lacking, but generally speaking the reason it's lacking
               | is due to regulation/law making it impossible.
               | 
               | Telecoms for example is impossible because the incumbents
               | have exclusive control of the physical infrastructure
               | (poles/ducts under the street) or spectrum auctions where
               | the price makes it impossible for a new entrant to enter.
               | 
               | Tech network effects are maintained by copyright law
               | being abused to prevent adversarial interoperability.
        
               | graemep wrote:
               | > Companies competing is the default
               | 
               | If you had no regulation, they would simply form cartels
               | or merge to create a monopoly.
        
               | Nextgrid wrote:
               | Merging and forming cartels is still technically a
               | _choice_. A company _could_ decide not to do that and
               | compete. It may require a near-infinite amount of money,
               | but it 's still technically possible.
        
               | 261582335426158 wrote:
               | The key point to add is that (at least) 2 points must be
               | true for this positive side of market to show:
               | 
               | 1) There should be "forces" counterbalancing the move
               | toward monopolies
               | 
               | 2) It should be okay for the service to fail/die and/or
               | it should degrade gracefully.
               | 
               | For example book publishing is a wonderful field that can
               | gain from free market dynamics while prison management is
               | a _terrible_ field for free market dynamics.
               | 
               | While a dying publishing enterprise might print less
               | books at a lower quality with deceptive marketing (and
               | that is sorta okay) a dying prison management enterprise
               | will squeeze every ounce of dignity/health/safety out of
               | its wards.
               | 
               | Market dynamics for the economy are analogous to natural
               | selection for evolution: both can produce wonderful
               | things but they will require many more to die horribly.
               | 
               | This is not a statement against markets but I am calling
               | for this tradeoff to be considered along with many other.
        
               | Nextgrid wrote:
               | The same factor that makes private prisons problematic
               | also makes taxation problematic - in both cases you've
               | got a captive market that can't opt out thus no pressure
               | to provide a good, efficient service. In a hypothetical
               | world where inmates could choose whether to remain in
               | prison and which one to be in, private prisons would be
               | competing for service quality. Actually we've got that,
               | they're just called "hotels".
               | 
               | I wonder if the solution there would be to force
               | politicians and everyone involved to exclusively use
               | government-provided services - so as a condition of going
               | into politics, you can't use private healthcare, your
               | kids can't go to private schools, and you need to spend a
               | day every year in a random prison and so on. Then it
               | would mean the decision-makers got at least some
               | incentive to make sure these services are functional and
               | fit for purpose.
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | > The same factor that makes private prisons problematic
               | also makes taxation problematic - in both cases you've
               | got a captive market that can't opt out thus no pressure
               | to provide a good, efficient service.
               | 
               | What you _should_ have are companies that offer their
               | best prices /services to the government out of fear that
               | they'll be passed over and those highly valuable
               | contracts will be awarded to their competitors who do
               | better. Governments are incentivized to select the best
               | companies to award those contracts to because they risk
               | being voted out if people are unhappy with the level of
               | service they're getting for their tax dollars.
               | 
               | Prisoners can't kick politicians out of office when
               | they're unhappy about the state of the prisons so that's
               | a huge issue with prisons in general, but private prisons
               | have another issue which is profit. Whatever it costs to
               | keep dangerous people locked up, private prisons need all
               | of that money plus they must extract a bunch of extra
               | money from the public just to stuff their pockets with.
               | If private prisons want to keep prices low to the public
               | but also want to keep filling their pockets with money
               | they need to provide substandard care to the people they
               | are responsible for. A non-private prison needs only what
               | it costs to do the job and nothing more.
        
               | graemep wrote:
               | The UK tax system (like many others) is not as fair or
               | progressive as it is presented to be.
               | 
               | 1. NI means that the real standard rate on earned income
               | is substantially higher than the "income tax" rate. it is
               | also not fair that unearned income is exempt from it. 2.
               | Lots of purchase taxes, which are disproportionately paid
               | by people with moderate incomes. People on low incomes
               | spend a higher proportion in necessities which are
               | (rightly) subject to lower levels. The more money you
               | have (beyond a certain point) the less you spend on
               | things subject to these taxes. 3. Too many loopholes.
               | 
               | > so we are being forced to pay for a system that doesn't
               | work and end up having to go private (and thus pay again)
               | when we do need timely healthcare.
               | 
               | Some of the NHS is good. NHS dentists can be very hard to
               | find and waiting lists are long. Waiting times can be
               | long too. Reform is prevented by the fear of a US type
               | system and I think many people think that is the only
               | alternative (and seem not to realise how things operate
               | in most other developed countries).
        
               | Nextgrid wrote:
               | > seem not to realise how things operate in most other
               | developed countries
               | 
               | Genuine question, what do other countries do differently?
               | The way I see it (and described in my original comment)
               | is that the underlying factors behind the decline of
               | government services (no accountability, no incentive to
               | use tax money efficiently) are common across many
               | countries.
               | 
               | Some countries may get away with it for now because
               | they're still "early", but if there is no pressure to do
               | well it's just a matter of time before they too suffer
               | the same fate?
        
               | cycomanic wrote:
               | I'd argue that the decline in quality of services as been
               | a phenomenon across many western countries and to
               | significant degree been caused by a economic idiology and
               | a deliberate campaign with a goal of privatisation of
               | many public goods, started in the 1980s.
               | 
               | Essentially funding to services are being reduced to pay
               | for tax reductions, until at some point the quality
               | declines significantly, which is taken as the argument
               | that private enterprise would deliver a much better
               | service at lower cost. Services/infrastructure are then
               | sold and a low price and after a short while costs for
               | services go up, but because they are now private
               | enterprises raising prices it is "the market".
               | 
               | The reason why the UK is worse I believe it's due to the
               | political system which results in essentially 2 dominant
               | parties with very little differences.
        
             | mcmcmc wrote:
             | Unless you want to get into the nitty gritty of economic
             | policy analysis and measuring market externalities, value
             | of public goods is pretty subjective. A healthy person
             | might not see much value in public healthcare and a single
             | adult with no kids might not care about education. Just
             | because you don't value something in the same way doesn't
             | mean it's not highly valued by the people who voted on and
             | implemented the policies.
        
               | jimcsharp wrote:
               | My neighbors suck less when they're warm, full, and
               | healthy. How do the anti tax folks get past that hurdle?
               | I'm trying to live my most evil life here but I'm stuck
               | on very selfishly wanting cool neighbors.
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | > High taxes with no matching value behind them
             | 
             | That is not the case for Germany. We have - even with all
             | its shortcomings - a decent education system that's largely
             | free and accessible for everyone, a decent healthcare
             | system, a decent public transport system on local, regional
             | and federal system, and a very decent social security
             | network that covers unemployment, pension and elderly care.
             | 
             | The US in contrast has neither: parents have to pay five
             | digits worth of money just for the birth of a child, pay
             | through their nose for insurance, public schools are
             | horribly underfunded, universities require six digits worth
             | of debt, there's no high-speed rail worth the name, if
             | you're unemployed you better have some savings, you have to
             | take care about your 401k, and the best way if you need
             | elderly care is to off yourself with a gun.
             | 
             | The only thing where the US actually _is_ in front of
             | Germany is allowing you to get a gun to off yourself. Here
             | in Germany, it 's almost impossible to own a gun, so people
             | love to off themselves by jumping in front of a train,
             | creating a huge mess for everyone else.
        
               | greenavocado wrote:
               | INOVA in Northern Virginia charges $3000 for an
               | uncomplicated vaginal birth. They have a code which rolls
               | up many services into that code. There are additional in-
               | hospital expenses such as the newborn hearing test which
               | aggregate to about $400. If you have insurance your
               | maximum cost out of pocket for the calendar year is
               | between 5 and 15 thousand dollars (insurance covers
               | everything above it). If you can't pay it all at once
               | there are charities and payment plans you can discuss
               | with the provider. If you don't have insurance you can
               | possibly negotiate the bill down sometimes drastically or
               | if necessary declare Chapter 7 or 13 bankruptcy if you
               | really can't pay the bills. Bankruptcy sounds scarier
               | than it really is. Chapter 7 bankruptcy lasts about 3
               | months and Chapter 13 bankruptcy lasts about 5 years
               | during which you pay everything above your normal average
               | household expenses to a special account for the
               | creditors. Medical debt is unsecured debt and can be
               | defaulted on and purged by the court following bankruptcy
               | proceedings. Bankruptcy is much more problematic in
               | Europe for the individual. Americans can keep their
               | assets in a Chapter 13 bankruptcy. Health insurance in
               | America costs between $500-$1000 a month for an entire
               | family.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | Why do I pay $25K/yr for my family? Is yours high
               | deductible?
        
               | greenavocado wrote:
               | 6,000 dollar deductible per person with total 15,000
               | dollar out of pocket maximum for the family. My current
               | health plan is better because my company found a partner
               | that aggregates many smaller companies to get better
               | rates from insurers. Before this I was uninsured and
               | would call many different providers to negotiate the best
               | cash price for various procedures such as wrist MRI with
               | contrast. I got cash quotes ranging from $850 to $3500
               | and got exactly what I needed from a local provider for
               | $850. I called up several providers in Canada and they
               | offered similar cash prices (on the low end) so it wasn't
               | worth the 8 hour drive each way.
        
               | dkekenflxlf wrote:
               | 500-1000 USD per month for a WHOLE family is fucking
               | cheap!?
               | 
               | In Germany, i'm paying more than 1150EUR per month as
               | single (and im not privately insured but publicly)
        
               | pflenker wrote:
               | 1) I doubt that you pay as much. I pay less than half of
               | that and have a comfortable salary. Did you include the
               | "Arbeitgeberanteil" (which is not part of what you are
               | paying)? 2) You can't easily extrapolate that number to a
               | whole family. Kids are usually insured for free if the
               | higher-earning parent is not privately insured.
        
               | shasts wrote:
               | This is quite possible, right?
               | 
               | For eg: if you work for a Swiss or US employer and make
               | more than 69k(?), say 100k, as a freelancer, and have a
               | family, you have to pay around 14%(upper limit somewhere
               | around 1000) of the income as health insurance
               | contribution.
               | 
               | I think it is costly. It is difficult to digest for me
               | that the health insurance costs more than housing.
        
               | greenavocado wrote:
               | No, this is on par with what my friends in Germany pay
               | for their family. The difference is Germans have nearly
               | no deductible and there is little worry about in-network
               | vs out-of-network treatments.
        
               | rusticpenn wrote:
               | I think the upper limit is 800EUR
        
               | Scharkenberg wrote:
               | 1150? That's literally impossible. The current maximum is
               | about 1050. See "2024 Hochstbeitrag GKV inkl.
               | Pflegeversicherung (ohne Kinder)".
        
               | Ringz wrote:
               | > INOVA in Northern Virginia charges $3000 for an
               | uncomplicated vaginal birth. They have a code which rolls
               | up many services into that code. There are additional in-
               | hospital expenses such as the newborn hearing test which
               | aggregate to about $400.
               | 
               | Free of charge in Germany
               | 
               | > If you have insurance your maximum cost out of pocket
               | for the calendar year is between 5 and 15 thousand
               | dollars (insurance covers everything above it).
               | 
               | In Germany, insurance covers everything over 0EUR. It
               | depends on the insurance whether you have to pay extra
               | for individual treatments (treatment methods without, or
               | with disputed scientific evidence) or not. Rarely more
               | than 100EUR. If expenses for illnesses exceed a certain
               | amount in a year (about 3000EUR), it can be deducted from
               | taxes.
               | 
               | > Health insurance in America costs between $500-$1000 a
               | month for an entire family.
               | 
               | In Germany, it depends on your income how much the
               | insurance costs for the entire family. 500-1000EUR is
               | also possible in Germany. But without all the extra
               | expenses, negotiations with doctors, clinic, insurer, and
               | bankruptcies...
        
               | staringback wrote:
               | > Free of charge in Germany
               | 
               | Paid solely by taxes instead of some taxes and some out
               | of pocket
        
               | Beijinger wrote:
               | "In Germany, insurance covers everything over 0EUR. "
               | 
               | Yes. But you wait >6 months to see a specialist. And
               | Germany has not the same level of health care than the
               | US. Sorry to break the news to you.
        
               | Ringz wrote:
               | Not 6 months:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39395329
               | 
               | Yes, Germany has not the same level of health care. Most
               | of the time it's better than the US. According to studies
               | and data. All sources are not from Germany:
               | 
               | https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/chart-
               | collection/quality...
               | 
               | https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-
               | briefs/2...
               | 
               | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/09/18/upshot/bes
               | t-h...
               | 
               | ,,Germany would have tied Switzerland had we averaged our
               | rankings of the nations instead of using head-to-head
               | matchups in a bracket system (Switzerland eliminated
               | Germany in the first round). It's an example of how close
               | the voting was."
               | 
               | Wow!
               | 
               | Sorry to break the news to you.
        
               | Beijinger wrote:
               | "Not 6 months"
               | 
               | I don't care what the internet says. I know from my own
               | experience it is 6 months, at least for some categories.
               | Some sources say 30 days. A joke! I could call the office
               | of my average XYZ doctor now and ask. And it will be 6
               | months, for sure.
               | 
               | "Most of the time it's better than the US. "
               | 
               | The US has a lower live expectancy. Whatever the reasons
               | may be. While this is concerning and not good, as long as
               | you have a good insurance, Germany can not match the
               | standard of US health care. Trust me on that one. With
               | dentists it may be a different thing.
               | 
               | Yes, if you are poor or unemployed, your access to health
               | care is likely much better than in the USA. But
               | otherwise, not so much.
        
               | mk89 wrote:
               | Not sure where you live. I (and the people I know, some
               | of them 65+) never had to wait for 6 months - even for
               | surgeries. And I can speak about a decently wide range of
               | categories.
               | 
               | You also mention "at least for some categories", then you
               | mention that "you could call the average XYZ doctor", as
               | it that was applying to all categories. You seem to be
               | generalising out of emotions, to be honest.
        
               | burnerthrow008 wrote:
               | > In Germany, insurance covers everything over 0EUR.
               | [...] If expenses for illnesses exceed a certain amount
               | in a year (about 3000EUR), it can be deducted from taxes
               | 
               | But how can you have anything to deduct if insurance
               | covers everything over $0?
        
               | Ringz wrote:
               | You can go to a private doctor even if you are not in a
               | ,,private insurance" and pay him by yourself
               | (Selbstzahler). He can prescribe meds which are not
               | covered by the public insurance. So you have to pay them
               | by yourself. That's just one example.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > INOVA in Northern Virginia charges $3000 for an
               | uncomplicated vaginal birth.
               | 
               | In Germany _all_ of that is being covered by the
               | government insurance scheme. The only thing you have to
               | pay is stuff like a private room for postnatal recovery
               | time [1]. Oh and you get a very long time paid post birth
               | to recover and bond with your child. No such nonsense as
               | giving birth and having to work the next day like it 's
               | common in the US.
               | 
               | > If you have insurance your maximum cost out of pocket
               | for the calendar year is between 5 and 15 thousand
               | dollars (insurance covers everything above it).
               | 
               | We don't have that at all, insurance covers everything,
               | you never even see a bill or have to deal with stuff like
               | "in network". The only thing is a 5-10EUR co-pay per
               | prescription (utter nonsense if you ask me, it was
               | introduced as a "cost control" measure to prevent people
               | from... diverting medication? idk, it's ridiculous but
               | small enough that it's harmless).
               | 
               | > Bankruptcy is much more problematic in Europe for the
               | individual. Americans can keep their assets in a Chapter
               | 13 bankruptcy.
               | 
               | Agreed on that one. It's also a _huge_ contributing
               | factor into why Americans have it easier to start up side
               | hustles.
               | 
               | > Health insurance in America costs between $500-$1000 a
               | month for an entire family.
               | 
               | Assuming I were the sole earner and my wife would be a
               | SAHM with an arbitrary number of children, I'd (at a
               | gross wage of 52k/y) pay 340EUR a month to health
               | insurance and my employer another 340EUR, so in total
               | (including a per-insurance surcharge of, in my case, .5%)
               | my healthcare costs are _capped_ at about 700EUR - for
               | all of us.
               | 
               | On top of that we'd get, like all parents in Germany,
               | "Kindergeld" of 250EUR/month per childpaid by the
               | government to assist in child rearing.
               | 
               | Pretty awesome if you ask me. I honestly don't know how
               | y'all survive.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.eltern.de/kosten-geburt
        
               | burnerthrow008 wrote:
               | > In Germany all of that is being covered by the
               | government insurance scheme.
               | 
               | Ok, but you agree, don't you, that $3000 is quite
               | different from "parents have to pay five digits worth of
               | money just for the birth of a child"? That is off by an
               | order of magnitude.
               | 
               | > No such nonsense as giving birth and having to work the
               | next day like it's common in the US.
               | 
               | I think you should stop consuming so much media from
               | Russia Today :) Or maybe re-consider the trustworthiness
               | of wherever you read that.
               | 
               | The fact is that, at the federal level, Americans may
               | take 12 weeks (unpaid) time off work after giving birth
               | under the FMLA, and it is prohibited to retaliate against
               | an employee for taking that time.
               | 
               | Additionally, the majority of Americans live in states
               | which mandate _paid_ time off after giving birth,
               | (usually 8 to 12 weeks) plus additional unpaid time.
               | California, to use the most populous state as an example,
               | mandates 8 weeks of paid time, plus 28 weeks unpaid. New
               | York, on the opposite side of the country, goes even
               | farther by mandating 12 weeks paid time.
               | 
               | Part of the reason you may be confused is that this is
               | not always explicitly named as "maternity time". It is
               | often called as "disability leave", and nearly all
               | disability statutes include recovery from pregnancy as a
               | disability.
               | 
               | Unless you are maybe trying to argue that Europeans are
               | legally prohibited to work the day after giving birth,
               | you are way off base here.
        
               | albert180 wrote:
               | If Access to Health Care in the US is so great, why is
               | infant mortality worse than in Cuba and they score dead
               | last in every Health or Life Expectancy Metric among the
               | G7?
        
               | staringback wrote:
               | Have you seen the health of an average American?
        
               | greenavocado wrote:
               | In case you haven't noticed, the demographics of America
               | have changed a little bit since 1990.
               | 
               | We also have a small problem with fentanyl.
        
               | skeeter2020 wrote:
               | It's a little more subtle than this, and of course
               | subtlety is doesn't play well these days, but the US
               | stats vary greatly across geography and ethnic lines.
               | Cuba isn't a great comparison, beyond the shock of
               | "they're worse than a bunch of commies!"
        
               | jandrewrogers wrote:
               | None of these are primarily medical outcomes. Life
               | expectancy, for example, is skewed by an anomalously high
               | rate of fatal injuries when people are young, which has
               | nothing to do with healthcare quality. For better or
               | worse, trauma medicine in the US is arguably the best in
               | the world _because_ serious injuries are so prevalent.
               | 
               | There is also the practical matter that the US is a
               | continent-sized country and regional effects matter. Some
               | US States have life expectancy on par with the best
               | European countries despite the anomalously high fatal
               | injury rates among young people.
        
               | wyre wrote:
               | No one should have to declare bankruptcy for birthing a
               | child. To suggest it is obscene.
        
               | mikestew wrote:
               | I'm sure this was meant as a "oh, it's not so bad in the
               | U. S." type post. But I read it, and am reminded of what
               | a suck-ass system the U. S. has. Sure, almost everything
               | said is true. But let's reiterate:
               | 
               | 1. One might pay up to $15K out-of-pocket for childbirth.
               | 
               | 2. If you can't pay it, you have to go out-of-band to
               | seek a non-standard procedure of taking care of the debt.
               | The system is not otherwise built to handle a situation
               | that's probably pretty common given the expenses
               | involved.
               | 
               | 3. If all else fails, file for bankruptcy.
               | 
               | All just to have a child.
               | 
               | What you've described is not "not so bad", but rather the
               | plot of a bad movie from the 70s about how corporations
               | have taken over the country and we all live in this
               | dystopian hell where you have to give all of your assets
               | to the corporation to be allowed to have a child. Only
               | it's not a bad movie from the 70s, it's the U. S.
               | healthcare system.
               | 
               | And I don't know what kind of low-end plan one gets for
               | $1000/month for a whole family, but I'd bet real money
               | that the deductible would make my eyes water.
        
               | greenavocado wrote:
               | Yes, the situation is bad.
               | 
               | Anyway, comparing earning 175k USD to 162.37k EUR:
               | 
               | Germany, married with 2 children, Stay At Home Mom
               | Scenario, Tax Category 3, Berlin Region:
               | 
               | Solidarity + Salary Tax is EUR 40.428,00 Pension
               | Insurance: 8.314,20 EUR Unemployment Insurance: 1.162,20
               | EUR Care Insurance: 900,45 EUR
               | 
               | Total: 50.805 EUR = $54,706 before health insurance
               | 
               | Virginia, USA, same scenario as above, incl. 2 child tax
               | credit of $4000, four state exemptions: FICA + Federal +
               | State Tax - Child Care Credit: $44,162-$4,000 = $40,162
               | before health insurance
               | 
               | Germany costs $14,544 a year more for a family with two
               | kids before health insurance. To be fair though, the
               | differences are lesser for most Germans, as almost no
               | common jobs pay over 120k EUR gross.
        
               | Nimitz14 wrote:
               | Switzerland does everything better than Germany with far
               | less taxes.
               | 
               | And since we're trading anecdotes I've found US
               | Healthcare to be the best compared to the 3 european
               | countries I've lived in before.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > Switzerland does everything better than Germany with
               | far less taxes.
               | 
               | They have the advantage that the country is so small. Us
               | Germans however have to deal with the fact that we have
               | the 5th largest country of Europe of which a lot of is
               | settled and has to be supported by the entire population.
               | 
               | And in any case, Swiss taxes aren't _that_ much lower
               | than Germany 's either - average tax load in the country
               | is ~29% [1], Germany is at 33.9% [2]. Switzerland's total
               | load may be even higher because the German figure
               | includes social security payments, Statista for
               | Switzerland is only taxes.
               | 
               | [1] https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/117614
               | 6/umfra...
               | 
               | [2] https://www.bpb.de/kurz-knapp/zahlen-und-
               | fakten/soziale-situ...
        
               | skeeter2020 wrote:
               | your second point strikes at the crux: On the whole, the
               | US sucks. At the top margin, it's the best in the world.
        
               | jandrewrogers wrote:
               | The US actually has a good pension system relative to
               | other developed countries. Retirement plans like 401k,
               | IRA, etc are _in addition to_ the pension system, they
               | don 't replace it, and are frequently superior to their
               | European counterparts both in scope and flexibility.
               | 
               | There is plenty to complain about but pensions and
               | retirement is one area that the US does comparatively
               | well.
        
               | skeeter2020 wrote:
               | My initial reaction is - then why is the US leading in so
               | many areas, if based on your chracterization it's such a
               | laggard? I'd argue it has the best in all categories,
               | it's just not close to even distributed. "Decent" is
               | completely inadequate for education, healthcare and
               | transportation. These are far too important for " good
               | enough, usually" solutions.
        
               | Beijinger wrote:
               | "a decent education system that's largely free and
               | accessible for everyone"
               | 
               | I give your Universities a 2-3 (On a scale 1 Top, 5
               | fail). High schools are getting worse and worse due to
               | the immigrants. So you would want to send your kid to a
               | school without many immigrants, mainly due to language
               | barriers.
               | 
               | "a decent healthcare system" Again, I give you a 2-3.
               | More and more people are sucking services, fewer people
               | pay in. Hey, alone 1 Million Ukrainians are insured,
               | while less than 25% have a job. How long do you wait to
               | see a specialist? >6 months!
               | 
               | "a decent public transport system on local, regional and
               | federal system" Again grade 2-3. You have a functioning
               | public transport system. But ask Switzerland what they
               | think about it. Or look at China if you want to learn
               | something about bullet trains.
               | 
               | "and a very decent social security network that covers
               | unemployment, pension and elderly care."
               | 
               | Is on the brink of collapse. Pensions are great. For
               | state employees. The rest gets retirement benefits. They
               | are compared to the EU very low.
               | 
               | I don't have health insurance by the way. Germany has to
               | take care of so many immigrants. Nothing left for me. And
               | try to compete with them to find an apartment. The
               | government pays for them. And the government is never
               | late with payments, hence landlords prefer this.
        
               | Scharkenberg wrote:
               | Can you cite your sources?
               | 
               | This literally sounds like regurgitated shit from far-
               | right politicians rather than thought-out analysis based
               | on real statistics. In fact I would go so far as to
               | suspect astroturfing.
        
               | Beijinger wrote:
               | Yes sure. For German articles please use google
               | translate.
               | 
               | 1. a) 0 Universities among the top 10:
               | https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/best-
               | universiti... (In most other rankings, German
               | universities rank much worse)
               | 
               | b) sinking high school performance: https://www.oecd.org/
               | publication/pisa-2022-results/country-n... The collapse
               | coincides with the arrival of refugees under Merkel....
               | 
               | c) Many immigrants in school. Hint: You can't teach math
               | or chemistry if the majority of the kids don't speak
               | German https://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/integration-an-
               | manchen-schule...
               | 
               | 2. a) Currently don't find a better article. Biggest
               | problem compared to China. Germany has the same tracks
               | for bullet trains, local trains and freight trains. Often
               | the bullet trains run a 120 or 160 km/h
               | https://www.businessinsider.de/tech/warum-es-
               | ultraschnelle-z...
               | 
               | b) Switzerland complaining that German late trains
               | destroying their time tables:
               | https://www.focus.de/finanzen/news/schweizer-experte-
               | droht-d...
               | 
               | 3.)
               | 
               | a) Waiting for several months (around 6, based on own
               | experience) to see a specialist: https://www.sr.de/sr/sr3
               | /themen/panorama/saarland_warten_auf...
               | 
               | b) Retirement, as percentage of former income, EU
               | comparison: https://www.merkur.de/leben/geld/deutschland-
               | rente-vergleich...
               | 
               | Forgot the last point:
               | 
               | 4. Examples https://www.bw24.de/baden-wuerttemberg/neid-
               | debatte-vermiete...
               | https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/fluechtlinge-dubiose-
               | geschaef...
               | 
               | And personal experience from friends of mine who are
               | landlords.
        
               | mk89 wrote:
               | On a scale 1-5, 2 and 3 are exactly the same as or better
               | than "decent". Otherwise the previous poster would have
               | said "they are perfect (=1)".
               | 
               | You're being a bit unfair, to be honest.
        
             | alexwhb wrote:
             | Agreed. Additionally taxation in our modern Fiat currencies
             | is a farce, since the central banks can literally take as
             | much buying power as they want from you. Taxation is
             | literally just an illusion to make you feel like you are
             | directly paying for government services.The real taxation
             | is inflation.
        
             | breather wrote:
             | Ah that's where the much higher quality of life kicks in.
        
           | Beijinger wrote:
           | " I'm proud of contributing through my taxes so that anybody
           | in need can have the same treatment irrespective of their
           | economic situation."
           | 
           | It is a big world my friend. And if millions come to use
           | these services but don't pay in, the services get thinner and
           | thinner. 1 Million Ukrainians came to German. Less than 25%
           | have a job. The rest is financed by the taxpayer. Money,
           | Rent, Health insurance...
           | 
           | Edit:
           | 
           | It reminds me of a Third Reich joke. An old woman goes into a
           | map shop and looks at a globe.
           | 
           | She asks the sales person: What is this big blue land on the
           | globe?
           | 
           | The sales person says: This is the USA.
           | 
           | Old lady: And this huge Red area, what is this?
           | 
           | The sales person says: This is the Soviet Union.
           | 
           | Old lady: And this tiny brown spot, what is this?
           | 
           | The sales person says: This is our Third Reich.
           | 
           | Old lady: Does the Fuehrer know this?
           | 
           | -----------
           | 
           | I hope you get what I am trying to say.
        
             | mousetree wrote:
             | As a German who pays a lot in taxes each year, I'm more
             | than happy for those taxes to support our Ukrainian friends
             | who are refugees during this terrible situation
        
             | illiac786 wrote:
             | The one I have seen are all young women and kids. They will
             | cause not even a fraction of the health care costs a 70 or
             | 80 year old German generates. I can't find this stat but
             | basically it's exponential, one generates more health care
             | costs in the last ten years of its life than during its
             | entire previous life, on average.
        
               | mk89 wrote:
               | > They will cause not even a fraction of the health care
               | costs a 70 or 80 year old German generates. I can't find
               | this stat but basically it's exponential, one generates
               | more health care costs in the last ten years of its life
               | than during its entire previous life, on average.
               | 
               | I really don't wanna get into this populist debate, which
               | is really annoying lately as it seems to be our biggest
               | issue in the world, but ... the 70-80 years old people
               | (probably) worked in the country, they contributed to
               | their own country, and should be treated with some
               | respect or decency and not just as a cost.
        
               | iforgotpassword wrote:
               | They enjoyed the golden years after WW2 where the economy
               | was booming, decent pension starting at reasonable age,
               | nobody cared about the environment, people lived like
               | there's no tomorrow.
               | 
               | Now the coming generations can deal with the fallout.
        
               | vizzier wrote:
               | Adding a source to this claim as it is very valid [0]. I
               | cannot find a good overview of the overall demographics
               | of the ukranian refugees other than it is mostly women
               | and children due to the borders being closed to outgoing
               | men. Employment rates will rise as people integrate.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.oecd.org/health/Expenditure-by-disease-
               | age-and-g...
        
               | Beijinger wrote:
               | In Germany, 75% of Ukrainians don't work. In other EU
               | countries, nearly 80% work. It is a question of the
               | system and incentives.
        
           | RHSeeger wrote:
           | > I find it quite disturbing that high taxation is seen as a
           | negative aspect of Europe.
           | 
           | High tax rates and, in fact, ANY taxes area a negative.
           | However, that negative is (hopefully) offset by the positives
           | that the things those taxes go to pay for provide.
        
           | dkural wrote:
           | There is no capital gains tax - Germany has less progressive
           | taxation than the United States! VAT in general is a
           | regressive tax, that many EU countries inordinately rely on.
           | A US-citizen has to pay taxes no matter where they reside,
           | but the wealthier citizens of EU countries can easily evade
           | taxes by domiciling themselves in various tax havens around
           | the EU. Germany does a very poor job collecting taxes from
           | the highest earners.
        
           | kmlx wrote:
           | > I find it quite disturbing that high taxation is seen as a
           | negative aspect of Europe.
           | 
           | after receiving the same services for no or minimal tax i
           | also find it very disturbing that people still think high
           | taxation is necessary.
        
             | 0xFF0123 wrote:
             | Where?
        
               | mk89 wrote:
               | In general, if you don't pay taxes, in the listed
               | countries you still can get treatment. It was probably a
               | provocation - I guess?
        
           | mk89 wrote:
           | Maybe nitpicking here, but healthcare is not financed with
           | your taxes in Germany - it's financed by statutory health
           | insurance (SHI) and private health insurance (PHI). The State
           | "simply" sets the framework/legislation/etc. so that it
           | doesn't get wild (like probably it is in the USA). [0]
           | 
           | In Italy it's the state/regions that take your taxes and pay
           | the health system.
           | 
           | [0]: https://www.bundesgesundheitsministerium.de/fileadmin/Da
           | teie...
        
         | miken123 wrote:
         | > A country like the Netherlands has its own issues (mainly
         | housing) but doesn't have the myriad of pain points you can
         | find in Germany like Schufa
         | 
         | In the Netherlands we have BKR, which is less all-encompassing
         | than SCHUFA, but also needed to be fined before giving proper
         | right to access under the GDPR:
         | https://edpb.europa.eu/news/national-news/2020/national-cred...
        
         | javajosh wrote:
         | _> low digitalization_
         | 
         | Given that everyone uses IBAN, and it works great, I strongly
         | disagree.
         | 
         |  _> private healthcare if you want decent treatments_
         | 
         | Your mileage may vary, but I was very impressed with the speed
         | and ease of acquiring healthcare under a public plan. The lack
         | of paperwork for seeing a new doctor is astonishing. The lack
         | of copays, SOBs, and all that is like a breath of fresh air,
         | and is worth copying in the US. Heck I once saw a doctor for
         | something and simply gave my card, and saw the doctor in the
         | next hour, and she decided I needed an ultrasound... _and did
         | the ultrasound in 5 minutes herself_. In the US, this would
         | have been a multi-week ordeal with multiple rounds of paperwork
         | and visits to different offices.
         | 
         | My wife also had a C-section at a Berlin hospital and the care
         | was competent and 100% covered by our public insurance. In the
         | US couples requiring a C-section can expect $20k+ of debt.
        
           | jamesmunns wrote:
           | Low digitalization isn't just payment - it's also needing to
           | fill in paper forms, or making in-person visits to government
           | and business offices.
           | 
           | I've been living in Germany for about a decade, and it is
           | still behind in many of these items from when I left the US,
           | and having a friend that recently moved from Germany to NL,
           | he was blown away at how convenient and just not-hostile so
           | many day to day interactions with governments and businesses
           | were.
           | 
           | Like - big picture, I'm very happy in Germany, but certain
           | things are still very archaic and sometimes needlessly so.
        
             | shellfishgene wrote:
             | I agree, just look at the recent (well, decade-long?)
             | attempt to digitalize the car registration process, which
             | can only be called a total desaster.
        
           | Bayart wrote:
           | My impression coming from France, which I never thought of as
           | particularly progressive on the technological front, is that
           | Germany is full of odd, idiosyncratic archaisms.
        
         | Unfrozen0688 wrote:
         | low digitalization, high taxation
         | 
         | Sweden is highly digitalized, we pay on our phones, pay taxes
         | on our phones, do government stuff on phone or webbrowser. No
         | stores do cash anymore (also a negative)
         | 
         | High taxes is a positive if used right
        
           | miroljub wrote:
           | Sweden is a low tax land compared to Germany. In the past, it
           | was known for high taxes, but one could argue that this
           | progress came together with the tax reduction in the last
           | decades.
        
         | usr1106 wrote:
         | German "public" healthcare is much more accessible and has much
         | better coverage than its Finnish counterpart.
         | 
         | Despite Finland reapeatedly making headlines (including on HN)
         | about being a Nordic welfare state.
         | 
         | Germans are typically complaining from a high level.
         | 
         | Source: Members of the wider family living in both countries.
         | Some over 80 and needing a lot of healthcare services.
         | 
         | (I hear general practioners can be a problem in poorer areas in
         | the East. My experiences are from a prosperous area in the
         | West.)
        
           | oarfish wrote:
           | A finnish colleague once told me that the Finns just don't go
           | to the doctor unless something falls off. Any accuracy to
           | that?
        
             | usr1106 wrote:
             | Yes, especially for Finnish men in the countryside that's a
             | sterotype with quite some truth behind it.
             | 
             | Edit: And that results in a dangerous combination: First
             | waiting too long and then getting the answser "no free
             | appointments". And if you insist the next one is in 3 or 6
             | months. Many Finns do not insist.
        
           | graemep wrote:
           | > Germans are typically complaining from a high level.
           | 
           | Do Germans share the British tendency to think everything is
           | better in the rest of the world?
           | 
           | As an immigrant (as a child, admittedly) and someone who has
           | lived and worked elsewhere and, more importantly, does not
           | completely share this aspect of the culture, I find British
           | pessimism and self-flagellation really, really annoying.
        
             | carstenhag wrote:
             | Germans unfortunately like to complain a lot. Many things
             | are better elsewhere, is claimed. Except for many other
             | countries nearby. And the weirdos from UK leaving EU. And
             | the weirdos from US with Trump. And we have it so bad, so
             | bad. Sometimes I hate my fellow Germans.
        
         | moi2388 wrote:
         | True, but in the Netherlands it's the government itself which
         | sells all of your data, literally everything from your house,
         | it's price, location, blueprints, satellite images, what you
         | paid for it, previous owners, your car, and even your
         | government ID number if you are registered as a company, just
         | to many a couple.
         | 
         | And yes, you obviously have to pay to get your own data.
        
         | meroes wrote:
         | 400EUR for medical, dental, and optical combined you mean. And
         | less for students. And you conveniently leave out their 4 week
         | minimum vacation time/year. (my sis and her BIL just moved from
         | there, and help people move there).
         | 
         | Digitalization is really behind yes, and homeownership is even
         | more expensive than the US. But rent is almost half the US and
         | groceries are cheaper. And instead of subsidizing full sized
         | pickup trucks and EVs, you get Audis, VWs, etc for cheaper.
        
           | discopicante wrote:
           | Now compare median income of Germany vs US. Economic
           | opportunity is fading away in Germany. Also, pretty much all
           | cars - especially Audis, VWs, etc are (20-30%) more expensive
           | in Germany vs US.
        
         | mk89 wrote:
         | > private healthcare if you want decent treatments > public
         | healthcare inaccessible
         | 
         | What do you mean? I am not sure what you mean by decent
         | treatments.
         | 
         | > Schufa
         | 
         | There is some change happening there, especially now that the
         | EU Justice Court ruled against credit scoring institutions
         | (they break GDPR, etc.). Very slowly, as usual, but it might
         | happen. (Also the current governement is planning changes.)
        
       | dhoe wrote:
       | I almost didn't get a mortgage in the Netherlands because if
       | you're German, they request a Schufa report, and there was a
       | minor issue on that. Had I come from e.g. Bangladesh instead of
       | from Germany, I would not have had this problem.
       | 
       | We found a workaround and ten years later the house is paid off,
       | just for illustration of how predictive that report was. I'll
       | cheer for whoever takes on and fights Schufa, always.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | The underlying issue is that bankers have no discretion (for
         | various good and bad reasons). Everything is bureaucracy and
         | checking the right boxes to let the computer decree your
         | worthiness. No overrides, no explanations permitted - unless
         | you can attack the problem from another angle.
        
       | ffpip wrote:
       | Is your credit score your data? Or are they just asking the
       | report of all your past debts be provided for me?
        
       | odiroot wrote:
       | In the process of renting a flat in Germany, SCHUFA is not even
       | the biggest travesty.
       | 
       | The worst part is potential tenants handing over full dossiers
       | about their background to the prospective landlords. Passport
       | copies, payslips, account statements and more. And as a tenant,
       | you have no way of knowing when does it all end up.
       | 
       | At best it will be dumped into a paper recycling bin. But who
       | knows if all these documents aren't sold further.
       | 
       | You also have no choice, you comply or you lose any chance of
       | getting a flat.
        
         | beezlebroxxxxxx wrote:
         | It is incredible the amount of private information that gets
         | exchanged in Germany to access certain things. You brought up
         | landlords, but I've heard crazy stories about job applications
         | or applications to services that "require" an incredible amount
         | of private information (often even including pictures too!)
         | handed-over for completely obscure reasons with no recourse if
         | your application is denied or simply ignored.
        
           | shellfishgene wrote:
           | Are US "background checks" any better?
        
             | Sebguer wrote:
             | A US background check for most jobs is generally just a
             | literal check on whether you've been charged with any
             | crimes, and doesn't go much more detailed than that.
        
             | ploxiln wrote:
             | For renting apartments, it's just like this in NYC. But
             | nothing like this in most of the country. I rented in
             | Pittsburgh for a few years in college, and a suburb north
             | of LA for a couple years after that, and the application
             | documentation was much much less, pretty much just security
             | deposit.
             | 
             | The issue in places like NYC (and some German cities like
             | Berlin I gather) is that the extreme tenant protection laws
             | mean that landlords have to go to extreme lengths to
             | protect themselves from tenants. In NYC you could have a
             | tenant not paying, damaging the property, and pushing out
             | neighboring tenants, for well over a year before you can
             | force them out, if they're ornery enough. It could kill
             | your business, and it probably did kill the business of
             | most landlords who didn't switch to extreme draconian
             | documentation requirements in applications: multiple tax
             | returns, multiple statements from all bank accounts, proof
             | of employment, records of previous residences, contact info
             | for previous landlords ...
        
           | Ringz wrote:
           | > ob applications or applications to services that "require"
           | an incredible amount of private information (often even
           | including pictures too!)
           | 
           | Those crazy stories are indeed crazy and simply not true.
        
         | glfharris wrote:
         | It's very similar in the UK. Most estate agents will use a
         | third party these days, but the amount of information you have
         | to hand over is ridiculous.
        
       | yakito wrote:
       | I remember a few years back, they themselves had proposed a
       | system to use people's social media posts to create a "credit"
       | system and rate individuals based on their postings. At the time,
       | it was quite a mess. The public did not like the idea at all, and
       | SCHUFA had to back down, but it's not the first time they've been
       | involved in problems and controversies.
       | 
       | https://slate.com/technology/2012/06/schufa-s-plan-to-use-so...
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Can we make data collection and data brokerage opt-in with a
       | written consent letter that has to be re-acknowledged every year?
       | 
       | I bet literally nobody wants their data collected and traded.
        
       | nforgerit wrote:
       | German here. If you ask me, Germany has set up the perfect feudal
       | state.
        
         | rtz121 wrote:
         | Except without any of the good parts of historic feudalism.
        
       | Nifty3929 wrote:
       | People wouldn't be able to get this information without SCHUFA -
       | at least not doing a fair bit of work. SCHUFA did work to build a
       | system of gathering and providing this information in a
       | consolidated way. I don't think people should have a right to
       | demand this value be provided to them for free.
       | 
       | If everybody now demands this information for free, why would
       | this business continue to operate? And if they don't, how will
       | landlords get information about who is financially reliable and
       | who isn't?
       | 
       | In the US is works because landlords typically will not accept
       | self-obtained credit reports. They pay the credit agency
       | directly. As a consumer I can get my information for free, easily
       | - but my landlord will still want to pay the agency for their own
       | copy.
        
         | sokols wrote:
         | They are required by law to provide the information once a
         | year, for free. The complaint here is that the "free" report
         | contains less information than the paid one. Information which
         | could affect a decision about a loan or maybe a decision of
         | some landlord about a prospective tenant.
        
           | Nifty3929 wrote:
           | This wasn't clear to me in the article: "With the help of
           | manipulative designs, people are prevented from obtaining a
           | free copy of their data in accordance with Article 15 GDPR -
           | even though they would actually be legally entitled to it."
           | 
           | Maybe you're talking about the score, but the score isn't
           | data - it's an algorithm. "For example, in the case of the
           | complainant, the free information included only a 'basic
           | score', while the paid information showed six different
           | 'industry scores.'"
           | 
           | And this is basically how it works in the US as well. When
           | you get your free credit report, it will contain a score, but
           | not the same score as is seen by a business requesting the
           | report - because there are many different scores used for
           | different purposes. The business pays for the score that
           | matters to them which is different than what the consumer
           | sees.
           | 
           | None of this feels particularly nefarious to me.
        
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