[HN Gopher] Two Ethereum DeFi traders just made $120M using a st...
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       Two Ethereum DeFi traders just made $120M using a strategy called
       'looping'
        
       Author : wslh
       Score  : 12 points
       Date   : 2024-02-15 19:50 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.dlnews.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.dlnews.com)
        
       | DarmokJalad1701 wrote:
       | This "strategy" smells very much like the one that
       | /u/ControlTheNarrative infamously used on Robinhood back in 2019
       | (and blew up his account).
        
       | soared wrote:
       | Is it accurate that on these platforms one can deposit funds,
       | borrow funds (using the deposit as collateral), deposit those
       | borrowed funds, borrow more funds (using the deposited borrowed
       | funds as collateral), etc. and this can 3-5x their money, and the
       | only risk is a bankrun?
       | 
       | This seems.. insane. What's the interest rate and payment terms
       | on these borrowed funds? I have $100k cash and need to buy a
       | house.. maybe I just crypto loop to get 500k.
        
         | pcthrowaway wrote:
         | That's exactly what looping refers to. See my other comment for
         | an idea of what these numbers probably look like.
         | 
         | The interest rate usually varies based on available liquidity
         | in the pool, so if they were borrowing 292M of stables, their
         | interest rate could vary anywhere from 0.5-150% APY, depending
         | on the protocol parameters and the available liquidity.
         | 
         | Usually (negative) APY when borrowing stablecoins (edit: _on
         | ethereum_ ) would be closer to 1%, but as you can imagine, when
         | lots of people withdraw liquidity to engage in the same kinds
         | of tactics, the overall liquidity available for borrowers
         | decreases, and then the interest rate adjusts to incentivize
         | depositers (who can sometimes have stablecoin (positive)
         | interest rates of >100%.
         | 
         | For reference, I deposited 200 USD of a stablecoin into a pool
         | with low liquidity on a more niche lending protocol on a
         | blockchain that is known for attracting people more inclined to
         | leveraging, about 18 months ago, and I can withdraw 550 USD now
         | based on the interest rate fluctuations (likely due to lots of
         | people going long _against_ the stables in that same period)
         | 
         | Right now on Compound, one of the most popular (and safest)
         | lending protocols, one can get 9% APR for supplying USDC (which
         | I believe to be one of the safest stablecoins)
         | 
         | As things turn around into more bearish territory, people will
         | leverage the other direction and that interest rate will go
         | down significantly (back to more like 1%) as people effectively
         | short ETH and other tokens using the same mechanics (deposit a
         | bunch of USDC, borrow a volatile crypto-asset, sell it for
         | USDC, deposit more USDC, etc. Then if the price of that crypto-
         | asset goes down significantly, you can repay your borrow
         | balance at a fraction of the cost in USD terms)
        
         | pcthrowaway wrote:
         | > This seems.. insane. What's the interest rate and payment
         | terms on these borrowed funds? I have $100k cash and need to
         | buy a house.. maybe I just crypto loop to get 500k.
         | 
         | Just to address this directly, you're probably _much_ more
         | likely to get liquidated than to be able to bring your balance
         | up to 500K when leveraging. In fact, if you 're leveraged very
         | close to the liquidation rate, with a lot of money at stake,
         | people may even make plays to move the market to get you over
         | the liquidation line and then liquidate you.
         | 
         | I mentioned turning 200 USD into 550 USD based on a stablecoin
         | deposit, but that was both incredible luck on my part (I
         | deposit as things were starting to flip from bearish to
         | bullish) as well as being a lower-liquidity protocol where
         | interest rates could fluctuate much more wildly.
         | 
         | To be clear, my earnings would have been a much smaller
         | percentage had I deposited 100K USD, because the increased
         | liquidity in that protocol would have resulted in much lower
         | supply rates due to much higher liquidity, so I may have seen
         | something more like 5-20% APR in that meantime (which is still
         | not bad to be fair).
         | 
         | Had I leveraged even a little bit (going short against a
         | volatile crypto-asset basically), I would have certainly been
         | liquidated as prices for those have mostly all mooned in that
         | time.
         | 
         | Looping doesn't just let you walk away with the money, as you
         | necessarily have to redeposit it into the protocol to borrow
         | more against your deposit.
         | 
         | If you're considering leveraging because you need to buy a
         | house, you almost definitely shouldn't leverage unless the 100K
         | is worthless to you without another 400K on top of it, and
         | therefore you don't mind the much more likely scenario where it
         | gets evaporated by market fluctuations
        
         | jmalicki wrote:
         | You can't crypto loop to $500k in outside funds. Let's say you
         | can borrow fraction (1-r) of deposits (for some small r, could
         | be 0 - in fractional reserve banking monetary expansion, r is
         | the "fractional reserve").
         | 
         | At time t0, you deposit 100 ETH, and borrow 99 ethereum worth
         | of USDT.
         | 
         | You loop that back into 99 ETH, and redeposit it. You have 199
         | ETH of assets, (99 EHT at time t0 of USDT) of debt (that you
         | basically owe to yourself) - 100 ETH net, what you started
         | with.
         | 
         | You can now borrow an additional 98.1 ETH worth of USDT that
         | you could spend on a house - less than the 100ETH you started
         | with.
         | 
         | Or you could redeposit that, to have 297.1 ETH total. But now,
         | you can only borrow an additional 97.2 ETH.
         | 
         | The total leverage on your ETH/USDT trade goes up, but the
         | amount you can take out of the system (to, say, buy a house)
         | can only stay the same or go down at each step through the
         | loop.
        
       | pcthrowaway wrote:
       | So to clarify for those who don't care to know about defi, 2
       | people made on-chain leveraged bets with up to 2X leverage (which
       | isn't a ton compared to what some people do).
       | 
       | If they are up 120M when ETH has gone up ~26% since it's low
       | point of the last 30 days, they must have deposited ~150M to
       | start with.
       | 
       | Looping 3 times, and borrowing ~80% of their deposit value each
       | time (pretty close to the max for most defi protocols), they
       | would have borrowed (likely in a stablecoin) 120M, then 96M, and
       | finally 76M, giving them a total deposit of 442M worth of ETH
       | against a borrow of 292M of the stablecoin.
       | 
       | After ETH went up by 26%, their initial 442M deposit is now worth
       | 557M. Had the value of ETH gone down 21% at any point from the
       | beginning of their levered position, their initial stake of 150M
       | in ETH would have been liquidated by the protocol, so this is an
       | incredibly risky play as you can imagine
       | 
       | The fact that such a large position likely moves the market does
       | at least make it a _little_ bit safer for them, but by that same
       | token, unwinding their position will move the market in the other
       | direction just as easily (so they might only see a 110M in profit
       | if they tried to unwind entirely, at this article was written)
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | http://web.archive.org/web/20240215054349/https://www.dlnews...
       | 
       | https://archive.ph/EFGPO
        
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       (page generated 2024-02-15 23:01 UTC)