[HN Gopher] A woman who can smell Parkinson's is inspiring resea...
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       A woman who can smell Parkinson's is inspiring research into
       diagnosis (2020)
        
       Author : lvnfg
       Score  : 66 points
       Date   : 2024-02-13 16:42 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.npr.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.npr.org)
        
       | se4u wrote:
       | This discovery (if true) is as improbable and wonderful as luis
       | pasteur and bacteria or fleming and penicilin
        
       | gabrielsroka wrote:
       | 2020
       | 
       | Also
       | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&que...
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Thanks! Macroexpanded:
         | 
         |  _A Woman Who Can Smell Parkinson 's_ -
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21532937 - Nov 2019 (87
         | comments)
         | 
         |  _A woman who can smell Parkinson 's disease_ -
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10434974 - Oct 2015 (114
         | comments)
        
       | BizarroLand wrote:
       | I would hate to have that ability.
       | 
       | The temptation to use it as a curse would be too great.
       | 
       | You spilled water on my shoe! _sniff_ I curse your grandfather
       | with dementia!
       | 
       | And when grandad got dementia they would think of me and hate me
       | and wonder if evil magic was real.
        
       | jbandela1 wrote:
       | > But Joy's superpower is so unusual that researchers all over
       | the world have started working with her and have discovered that
       | she can identify several kinds of illnesses -- tuberculosis,
       | Alzheimer's disease, cancer and diabetes.
       | 
       | The story for diagnosing Parkinson's sounded plausible until this
       | sentence. With Parkinson's, you could imagine that she had some
       | sort of sensitivity in her smell to a certain biomarker.
       | 
       | Now with a plethora of vastly different diseases (even cancer is
       | really a myriad of diseases grouped together), the suspicion of a
       | confounder goes way up.
       | 
       | Perhaps instead of diagnosing Parkinson's, she is actually
       | sensing some signal that indicates inflammation or some other
       | distress signal.
       | 
       | Or else people, prior to the manifestations of these diseases
       | tend to make subtle, unconscious changes to their hygiene.
        
         | patientzero wrote:
         | If the goal is early diagnosis and the separate detections
         | aren't getting confounded, why does it matter what parallel
         | chain of causation leads to Parkinson in the patient and a
         | correlating reading in the nose or other test?
         | 
         | If no one in a normal state has the same mix of fear, anger and
         | confusion and this leads to a microbial change around sweat
         | glands, then that is a valid test of greater accuracy than many
         | existing medical tests.
        
           | cogman10 wrote:
           | But what if, for example, she's just sensitive to the smell
           | of fecal matter and these people tend to have loser poops?
           | Now is she detecting parkinson or is she detecting IBS or
           | someone that ate something spicy or drank milk while being
           | lactose intolerant.
           | 
           | The issue is the one of the false positive and bayesian
           | statistics. If she's detecting something that has a bunch of
           | common causes then it's not really helpful to run a suite of
           | tests to find an underlying problem on everyone that smells
           | the same.
           | 
           | A fever can be a sign of cancer, but it's also a sign of the
           | flu. Should we check everyone with a fever for cancer?
        
             | jondea wrote:
             | I'm not an expert, but a very quick search showed a meta
             | analysis[1] which considers the false positives of using
             | volatile biomarkers as a diagnosis. The original paper[2],
             | of which Joy is co-author has a much smaller sample size,
             | but also has a control group to measure false positives.
             | 
             | Again, I'm not an expert, but from personal experience I
             | know that Parkinson's can be hard to diagnose definitively
             | until there are serious symptoms. This tests may still be
             | relatively poor but still be useful as a piece of evidence.
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/
             | S03038...
             | 
             | [2]:
             | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acscentsci.8b00879
        
         | inglor_cz wrote:
         | That might be just an imprecise formulation by the journalist.
         | 
         | Smelling tuberculosis seems plausible to me, it is a disease of
         | the lungs.
         | 
         | General cancer probably no, but I have repeatedly read comments
         | by oncologists that sarcoma, specifically, has a distinct
         | smell.
        
           | zeristor wrote:
           | Makes me realise there is no real way to notate a smell.
           | 
           | How do people even get a handle on what a smell is, and how
           | personal an experience is it.
        
             | kseifried wrote:
             | Aroma and smell training kits exist for people into wine,
             | beer and so on: https://aromaster.com/
        
         | rpgwaiter wrote:
         | I bet most (type 1) diabetics could smell other diabetics if
         | they were trying. High blood sugar especially changes your body
         | odor a ton. You sweat a lot more sugar for your skin bacteria
         | to digest.
         | 
         | Not to discount the woman or the article, we should totally be
         | researching this stuff
        
         | Beijinger wrote:
         | Why should she not be able to detect some kinds of cancers?
         | Some dogs can.
         | 
         | In the end, all this should not be so difficult. Take the head
         | space, then do MS of a bunch of people with these diseases and
         | the head space and MS of healthy people as a comparison. The
         | delta gives the disease.
        
       | wolverine876 wrote:
       | They didn't mention looking for other people with the same
       | ability. Maybe other or many or most people can do it, if they
       | know what to look for. If I smell something bad, I never consider
       | that it might be a disease.
        
         | randcraw wrote:
         | If a human can do it, a dog can too, since their noses are so
         | much more sensitive than any human's. I can imagine dogs
         | reliably sniffing out many diseases, then this becoming a
         | standard lab assay, or at least a component thereof.
        
       | strangattractor wrote:
       | They appear to be training dogs to detect PD.
       | 
       | https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.01.23296924v....
        
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