[HN Gopher] I designed a cube that balances itself on a corner
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       I designed a cube that balances itself on a corner
        
       Author : dutchkiwifruit
       Score  : 2386 points
       Date   : 2024-02-11 16:36 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (willempennings.nl)
 (TXT) w3m dump (willempennings.nl)
        
       | sema4hacker wrote:
       | I'm actually more enamored with the cool look of the thing rather
       | than the fact that it can balance.
        
         | ayhanfuat wrote:
         | Same. Immediately checked if it is for sale (apparently it
         | costs $2500 if you do it yourself).
        
           | pavel_lishin wrote:
           | I wonder what the cheapest possible build for something like
           | this is, if you loosen enough constraints - let's say, if we
           | allow it to be externally powered, and agree that size
           | doesn't matter.
           | 
           | Would it be cheaper (and/or safer) to build a larger one,
           | allowing for larger-but-slower flywheels? Could you make one
           | out of a couple of scrap bicycles?
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | Would be fun to try and low-cost it. I can already imagine
           | replacing the aluminum face parts with laser-cut acrylic. It
           | also sounds like the motors are another expensive part that
           | likely can be low-costed.
           | 
           | The stainless steel flywheels though..... No ideas.
        
             | pavel_lishin wrote:
             | I wonder if it would be possible to balance this thing by
             | sloshing fluid around, or with linear actuators moving
             | weights around.
             | 
             | Or maybe a pair of motors, moving two circles with weights
             | on their rims around, to shift the center of gravity around
             | until it's stable enough to park them on opposite sides?
        
               | duskwuff wrote:
               | > I wonder if it would be possible to balance this thing
               | by sloshing fluid around, or with linear actuators moving
               | weights around.
               | 
               | No. The reaction wheels are generating torque to change
               | the orientation of the cube, not just shifting its center
               | of gravity.
        
               | s0rce wrote:
               | Not really sloshing but you can pump fluid in tubes to
               | mimic a reaction wheel
               | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910016066 Can also
               | probably provide some thermal advantages as well. Oh
               | neat, you can use a direct current electromagnetic pump
               | to implement this with liquid metal as the fluid
               | 10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.11.030
        
               | duskwuff wrote:
               | > Not really sloshing but you can pump fluid in tubes to
               | mimic a reaction wheel
               | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910016066
               | 
               | I think that's a little different -- it's pumping liquid
               | around to change attitude (i.e. to point the satellite in
               | a different direction), not to affect its rotational
               | velocity. To get a sustained rotation, you'd have to keep
               | pumping the liquid around continuously, which isn't
               | terribly practical.
               | 
               | Neat idea, though! I wonder if it's being used anywhere,
               | or if reaction wheels won out.
        
               | jdiez17 wrote:
               | That's exactly the same principle as reaction wheels.
               | Indeed they have to keep spinning to maintain a certain
               | angular rate.
        
               | pavel_lishin wrote:
               | Right, that's how this cube - and how satellites - work.
               | But would other approaches be feasible for a desk toy or
               | an art object?
        
             | johndough wrote:
             | What are cheap alternatives for motors/drivers? I imagine
             | there are cheap brushless RC motors which might work, but
             | not sure about the electronic speed controller.
        
               | YZF wrote:
               | I suspect motors and drivers used for drones/quadcopters
               | will work in this application as well. Those should be
               | pretty cheap. You can do all the controls in software,
               | you just need the right (I guess sensorless) driver.
        
             | YZF wrote:
             | Just brainstorming here but I don't think they need to be
             | particularly precise or strong. You can likely use many
             | materials as long as you can get enough weight (lead
             | weights?) on the circumference. E.g. 3d print the flywheel
             | structure (can be made thicker for rigidity if that's an
             | issue) and glue some lead weights on. Looks like you can
             | have slightly larger wheels too.
        
               | dutchkiwifruit wrote:
               | I spent quite some time (almost) perfectly aligning my
               | reaction wheels. Vibrations at multiple thousands of RPMs
               | are no joke. Then again, such speeds are typically
               | unnecessary once the cube has settled into its
               | equilibrium position. ReM-RC on YouTube has built a
               | similar cube which uses 3D-printed wheels with steel
               | bolts in the circumference [1].
               | 
               | My wheels are oversized when you just consider the
               | balancing application, but I want to add jump-up
               | functionality later, and the wheels need significant
               | inertia (and also need to run at significant speeds) to
               | accomplish that.
               | 
               | [1] https://youtu.be/AJQZFHJzwt4
        
               | YZF wrote:
               | Cool. The 3d printed wheels presumably would have some
               | dampening properties vs. the steel ones. You can also
               | attempt to balance them at speed (moving/adding/removing
               | the weights) to try and minimize vibrations like you do
               | with motorcycle or car wheels (I guess there's multiple
               | modes though).
               | 
               | Fun project!
        
             | newaccount74 wrote:
             | If you can make the flywheels flat, you could cut them with
             | a waterjet, which would be cheaper and faster than milling.
             | And I assume that you can use normal steel instead of
             | stainless steel.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Next I want to see a pencil that balances itself on its tip.
        
         | ASalazarMX wrote:
         | If the pencil can be very short, just put this cube on top of
         | it.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | It would lose its form factor of a pencil.
        
             | quickthrower2 wrote:
             | Just build up the pencil using light material like paper.
             | Cross section of balanced cube is a hexagon so it is
             | perfect.
        
         | pavel_lishin wrote:
         | What about a coin that always lands on its edge?
        
         | dutchkiwifruit wrote:
         | No worries: https://youtu.be/woCdjbsjbPg
        
       | rq1 wrote:
       | Probability courses would be funny with that thing.
       | 
       | Roll the dice.
        
         | dutchkiwifruit wrote:
         | The house always wins!
        
       | otto2 wrote:
       | Cool functionality aside, it looks beautiful.
        
       | dave333 wrote:
       | So cool! Wondering if this technology can be used to control
       | spacecraft attitude or does it require a fixed support? How heavy
       | do the flywheels need to be in relation to the total weight?
        
         | auxym wrote:
         | As mentioned in the article, reaction wheels are the standard
         | method used to control satellite attitude.
        
         | glfharris wrote:
         | Totally does work, lots of spacecraft use reaction wheels to
         | control attitude.
        
         | CaptainOfCoit wrote:
         | > Wondering if this technology can be used to control
         | spacecraft attitude
         | 
         | It can indeed, and is already used in the wild today!
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction_wheel#Examples_of_spa...
        
           | jessriedel wrote:
           | That list has three examples, but to be clear for others:
           | Nearly every satellite has reaction wheels. There are
           | literally tens of thousands of reaction wheels in orbit.
        
             | dave333 wrote:
             | I guess I have watched Apollo 13 too many times and was
             | under the mistaken impression spacecraft still used
             | propellant thrusters for attitude control.
        
               | eternauta3k wrote:
               | They still do!
        
               | progman32 wrote:
               | To add, reaction control is used in conjunction with
               | reaction wheels. When the wheels saturate, the rockets
               | are used to desaturate them.
        
         | dutchkiwifruit wrote:
         | Thank you! The weight of each wheel is approximately 220 g,
         | whereas the total weight of the cube including wheels is 1700
         | g.
        
       | gniv wrote:
       | This is cool. Is this how robots normally balance themselves, or
       | are there implementations that don't require spinning wheels?
        
         | phkahler wrote:
         | If you've got 2 wheels side by side like a Segway, all you need
         | is the IMU and those 2 wheels.
        
           | gniv wrote:
           | True, but for something like this, would it work with a
           | magnet?
        
             | rvnx wrote:
             | This is what you'd need:
             | 
             | https://eu.mouser.com/ProductDetail/TDK-
             | InvenSense/ICM-20948...
        
         | mrjet wrote:
         | Most robots are passively balanced by having multiple wheels on
         | the ground. Walking robots balance actively without active
         | gyros by moving their limbs.
         | 
         | Spacecraft (which most roboticists would call robots) typically
         | orient themselves using a combination of reaction wheels,
         | magnetic torquers and thrusters. The reaction wheels spin
         | rotate the aircraft by "taking" angular momentum into their own
         | rotation. They don't require a local magnetic field or the
         | expenditure of fuel, so are a nice choice.
        
         | CaptainOfCoit wrote:
         | > or are there implementations that don't require spinning
         | wheels
         | 
         | Tons of different implementations out there for balancing.
         | Maybe the most common one is the one we humans use, which
         | requires zero wheels :)
        
           | noman-land wrote:
           | How does ours work?
        
             | WJW wrote:
             | Legs
        
               | ponector wrote:
               | Some people can balance without legs.
        
               | CaptainOfCoit wrote:
               | I hope most healthy people are able to sit up without
               | falling forward or backwards.
        
             | CaptainOfCoit wrote:
             | Input, processing, output.
             | 
             | Sensors, brain, muscle movement.
        
           | gniv wrote:
           | Speaking of which, any good videos on how we balance
           | ourselves when standing?
           | 
           | And beyond the muscle mechanics, do we understand what the
           | brain is doing? For example, I find it fascinating that I
           | cannot balance myself on one foot if I close my eyes. So
           | obviously we use some visual cues to balance.
        
             | febusravenga wrote:
             | > I cannot balance myself on one foot if I close my eyes.
             | 
             | Skill issue. I'm good at balance sports and can say that
             | balancing on one foot with closed eyes is hard but doable.
             | Just train it :)
        
             | an_aparallel wrote:
             | "the vestibular system"
        
       | omoikane wrote:
       | My first reaction when I see one of these is "where can I buy
       | one?" And then I realize that it's not unlike having an open-face
       | blender with those flywheels spinning at 6000 rpm. I am not sure
       | I would feel comfortable with something like that near my hands.
        
         | binarymax wrote:
         | Maybe some thin plexiglass around it would be fine - not sure
         | if it would compromise the mechanism though.
        
         | dutchkiwifruit wrote:
         | My envisioned solution to this - very real! - danger is to
         | attach some very thin round sheets of steel to the wheels such
         | that you can't stick your fingers in them.
        
           | mrb wrote:
           | How about just plexiglass sheets mounted on the 6 faces of
           | the cube? With screws so they can be removed easily.
        
             | dutchkiwifruit wrote:
             | That would be fine too but I dislike the idea for aesthetic
             | reasons.
        
       | hirako2000 wrote:
       | On sundays I usually get hyped reaching new heights with code.
       | Gratified by pushing perseverance and crearivity. then I come
       | across posts like this one and feel totally powerless, having
       | very short patience span, and too scared to even try such things.
        
         | ASalazarMX wrote:
         | Why are you on Hacker News instead of practicing your software
         | engineering skills? -50 points for Griffindor!
        
         | pavel_lishin wrote:
         | Yeah, but this is kind of orthogonal to what you and I do.
         | 
         | I felt pretty good over the past few weeks after finally
         | starting to learn React on the side, and building something
         | that some of my friends are going to use. Sure, it doesn't have
         | the "whoa" factor, but it also didn't cost $2500 to build (not
         | including the years [decades?]) spent learning.
        
           | rvnx wrote:
           | If you feel bad about yourself because of that, think of it
           | not like something personal, it's a lot connected to the
           | environment you are from, and some factors cannot be
           | controlled.
           | 
           | It's actually the ultimate sign of luxury when you have time
           | to study, AND resources to go to a good school, AND enough
           | free time and money to spend on gadgets, AND you can afford
           | to throw thousands on something useless, etc.
           | 
           | (All that said, the creation is cool and very nice work from
           | Willem specifically)
        
         | cortesoft wrote:
         | If someone else being better at something discourages you, you
         | are going to have a bad time in life. Very few people are going
         | to be the best at the world at anything, but that doesn't
         | matter. It doesn't change what you can do.
        
           | hirako2000 wrote:
           | It isn't so much discouragement. And it's a lot more like a
           | great painter who would listen to a pianist masterpiece, and
           | know very well achieving that level of skill in that totally
           | different art field would be almost impossible = time is
           | limited, would involve giving up the mastery or continue to
           | improve in the visual artistry.
           | 
           | It isn't someone much better at something. It's someone much
           | better at something entirely different yet quite related.
           | 
           | It doesn't change what one can do that's true. Comparison
           | with oneself is mentally healthier for sure. But humans
           | compare themselves with who they can see, the internet gives
           | us a view of what virtually everyone is capable of.
        
         | dr_kiszonka wrote:
         | You could start by following basic tutorials and getting kits
         | from places like adafruit. Many of them don't even require
         | soldering. For me, starting from scratch is (too) hard because
         | you need to figure out what components would work together, how
         | much power you need, etc.
        
         | KaiserPro wrote:
         | The thing to do here would be to remove two dimensions first,
         | it makes things _lot_ easier, and you can use off the self/hand
         | made parts.
        
       | navane wrote:
       | Reminds me of the self balancing train that rode on a single,
       | small rail track. Project got cancelled because the double rail
       | system was already well established.
        
         | ravenstine wrote:
         | Isn't it more likely that idea got abandoned because a failure
         | of the balancing system would be catastrophic?
        
           | rvnx wrote:
           | + intensive in terms of energy usage + needed a second gyro
           | to feel like you are standing in a flat environment.
        
             | IggleSniggle wrote:
             | Iirc the second gyro is necessary to ensure the train
             | doesn't course correct itself right off the rail in the
             | case of a curve? Coupled together to make the "correct"
             | side more responsive for any given direction? Dunno.
        
               | FinnKuhn wrote:
               | you would also need a gyro in each train car, so that
               | doesn't help
        
             | navane wrote:
             | As a sibling of yours pointed out above, the train worked
             | with CMGs, their energy usage seems not too much:
             | 
             | "CMGs are also far more power efficient. For a few hundred
             | watts and about 100 kg of mass, large CMGs have produced
             | thousands of newton meters of torque. A reaction wheel of
             | similar capability would require megawatts of power."
        
         | progval wrote:
         | Details for the curious:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyro_monorail
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kUYzuAJeg3M
        
         | nealabq wrote:
         | Note that reaction wheels do not make use of gyroscopic torque
         | (which balances these monorails). They are different control
         | mechanisms. Altho both use spinning wheels.
         | 
         | More info:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_moment_gyroscope
        
           | dtgriscom wrote:
           | The gyroscopic action of the cube's momentum wheels must make
           | the control algorithms quite entertaining.
        
       | cmehdy wrote:
       | > Like any experienced controls engineer, I spent a few days
       | flipping the signs of various signals before I got them right.
       | 
       | As somebody with a M.Sc. in controls & signal processing (who
       | ended up doing way more boring things), I always figured that I
       | was doing that because I wasn't experienced enough. Turns out I
       | also had the sign wrong on that one all along!
        
         | bchasknga wrote:
         | You are not alone. I've come to terms with the reality that
         | every controller I've designed and implemented will always need
         | a good amount of unit test coverage to ensure proper behavior
         | (like signs and directions)...
        
         | noiv wrote:
         | Interesting. Whenever I meet something with a boolean behaviour
         | I already decide upfront it will be easier and less time
         | consuming to test accordingly instead of building a mental
         | model. However I have no problem to model tree searching or
         | a-star stuff. It just seems I never developed neurons with just
         | two outcomes.
        
         | xtagon wrote:
         | See also the phenomenon of it always taking 3 tries to plug in
         | USB the correct way
        
           | mewpmewp2 wrote:
           | Just 3? I wonder now if I'm inexperienced.
        
             | idiotsecant wrote:
             | Or in the bad days of micro usb on the third try you just
             | force it in the wrong way and destroy the port.
        
           | datameta wrote:
           | This is especially common with a fresh USB port. I learned
           | why recently from the book Open Circuits: The Inner Beauty of
           | Electronic Components. There is a mechanical component that
           | is more stiff before being used, which can lead one to think
           | that they simply had the USB connector the wrong way around.
           | 
           | I highly highly recommend the book by the way, to anyone on
           | HN. Goes all the way from mechanical components to resistors,
           | nixie tubes, CMOS sensors, processors etc. Excellent
           | photography that reveals the internals, along with operation
           | explanations and history for each component.
        
             | herbcso wrote:
             | That looks amazing! I immediately bought it, thanks for the
             | recommendation!
        
               | datameta wrote:
               | My pleasure!
        
           | CamperBob2 wrote:
           | I mean, any physics teacher will tell you that all fermions
           | have spin 1/2, so I don't know why people are so confused by
           | USB.
        
             | GianFabien wrote:
             | I've never tried to plug a fermion into a USB port.
        
           | JoeCortopassi wrote:
           | Fun fact: part of the licensing agreement to use USB, is to
           | have the usb symbol on top of the connector. So unless you're
           | using a cheap unlicensed cable, look for the symbol facing up
           | and you'll always be correct
        
             | j5155 wrote:
             | ...unless, of course, the port is upside down/sideways ;)
        
             | quectophoton wrote:
             | After all this time I'm not going to trust a decoration.
             | 
             | When I'm connecting an USB cable horizontally I always
             | think "hol up". So I always remember to plug it with the
             | hole up.
             | 
             | When I'm connecting it vertically I think "hold right". So
             | I know that if I want to hold it right, I have to put the
             | hole right.
             | 
             | Has worked for me so far.
             | 
             | EDIT: Though "left" and "right" are more vague compared to
             | "up" and "down", so connecting vertically assumes a
             | specific "mental point of view". I'm just using one that's
             | intuitive for me, but it might not work for everyone.
        
           | lozf wrote:
           | Or 4 when it turns out you're trying the HDMI port instead.
        
             | jamiek88 wrote:
             | Or the fricken e-Sata port back in the day.
        
           | signalToNose wrote:
           | The holes in the contact on the cable should be up when
           | plugging into the laptop
        
         | MadnessASAP wrote:
         | As somebody who has practically no post-secondary and just
         | likes to tinker in the garage. I thought it might be nice to
         | get an education of some sorts so I could stop wasting time
         | doing stuff like flipping signs till it works.
        
           | angra_mainyu wrote:
           | EE is very rewarding. I think it is only second to physics
           | and nuclear eng in terms of how deep they go into physics.
           | 
           | You also cover a wide array of topics, from hardware and how
           | it works to a lot of systems programming (e.g: real-time
           | operating systems, kernels, device drivers) some computer
           | science theory (mainly automata theory and concurrency like
           | petri nets) to signal processing which includes audio to
           | heavy yet extremely beautiful math topics such as control
           | theory.
        
           | nativeit wrote:
           | I went through an EE associates program at my local community
           | college after I'd graduated with a BA, purely because I
           | wanted to know how to fix/modify/tinker with audio equipment.
           | I went at night, part time, and it was easily one of the best
           | experiences of my life. Like yourself, I had some amateur
           | experience already, and as the gaps were filled I had at
           | least 4-5 truly paradigm shifting moments where multiple
           | concepts finally clicked together and whole swaths of the
           | world suddenly made sense. I found elegant connections in the
           | physics, familiar logic applications, and gained a lot of
           | insight that I hadn't expected, which helped reinforce my
           | sense of just how little I will ever really know.
           | 
           | Even though the purpose for taking those classes was largely
           | personal, it's materially contributed to my career in a lot
           | of indirect ways (I'm an IT consultant and Linux sysadmin) by
           | giving me a unique perspective for how things function on a
           | much lower level than my colleagues who just have CS
           | educations. I can troubleshoot Wi-Fi and signal transmission
           | issues using spectrum and vector network analysis which makes
           | everyone look at me as if I were a witch. I am comfortable
           | disassembling and repairing equipment like scanners and
           | commercial printers, with lots of moving parts and mains
           | electricity that other techs won't touch.
           | 
           | All that said, I highly recommend attending an EE program,
           | and even though you'll feel like a big, wrinkled brain smart
           | person--you will never stop turning it off and on again, bit-
           | bashing, or sign flipping--all quite valid techniques for
           | when the years of diligent study and experience loses out to
           | fat fingers and poor eyesight.
        
         | corethree wrote:
         | Is there a way to model this theoretically? Or is it always
         | trial and error?
         | 
         | I mean I realize you have to test the thing for "bugs" just
         | wondering if a theory to perfectly model it is even possible.
        
           | dgoldstein0 wrote:
           | I think it's possible. But you'd have to be really careful
           | with your equations, then have to be really careful to know
           | which direction is positive in each signal and make sure to
           | make the wiring and/or math match that. I can see why some
           | trial and error would be easier than completely rechecking
           | things when they don't work.
        
             | corethree wrote:
             | Does anyone know what I have to learn to "know" about this
             | theory? Is it control theory and classical mechanics?
        
               | YZF wrote:
               | Pretty much yes. I expect the heavy lifting is just math.
        
           | dutchkiwifruit wrote:
           | Some things certainly can be modelled, but for others it is
           | easier to simply try. For example, will applying a positive
           | current to the motor make it spin in the clockwise or
           | counterclockwise direction? It really depends on the
           | behaviour and configuration of the motor controller, and in
           | this case it was easier for me to just try.
           | 
           | The trick is to do these tests at a sufficiently low level,
           | because that's usually where these issues are, in my
           | experience.
        
             | robocat wrote:
             | > sufficiently low level
             | 
             | Final try at ground level:
             | 
             | https://www.spacesafetymagazine.com/space-
             | disasters/rocket-f...
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | Of course. The OP was modeling it theoretically, but making
           | mistakes.
        
         | ryandrake wrote:
         | A lot of engineering is ensuring you're making an even number
         | of sign errors.
        
           | idiotsecant wrote:
           | I just want you to know how hard I'm going to steal this and
           | pretend I invented it when people think its clever.
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | I'm doing the same thing. I didn't[1] invent it either.
             | 
             | 1:
             | https://twitter.com/id_aa_carmack/status/419313776463077377
        
               | littlestymaar wrote:
               | Carmack didn't invent it either, my physics teacher was
               | saying that a lot 17 years ago so it's clearly a common
               | thing.
        
               | beebeepka wrote:
               | had you not mentioned that, we might have gotten another
               | fast inverse square root origin investigation
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | fast (multiplicative) _inverse_ square root.
        
               | beebeepka wrote:
               | autocorrect or dyslexia. whoever wins, i lose
        
               | gattilorenz wrote:
               | a possible source is in the replies to that tweet:
               | https://twitter.com/RobbieBC/status/419324772754132992
        
               | littlestymaar wrote:
               | Honestly it wouldn't surprise me if it had been invented
               | multiple times independently, it's just too obvious to
               | anyone that has had to deal with calculation.
               | 
               | (But thanks for sharing what us without a Twitter account
               | cannot see otherwise anymore...)
        
               | taneq wrote:
               | Clearly we must now start referring to it as 'Carmack's
               | sign error joke' ;)
        
               | ReptileMan wrote:
               | It was common saying 30 years ago when we were preparing
               | for IT Olympiads in Eastern Europe - if you do even
               | number of errors chances are your program will work ok.
        
             | mensetmanusman wrote:
             | We would joke in physics class that you either need to
             | memorize the right-hand rule; or if you were right handed
             | while doing the test, the negative left-hand rule.
             | 
             | (because students would often make the mistake while
             | holding their pencil during the exam of how to calculate
             | the curl)
        
           | dekhn wrote:
           | also known as "a fortuitous cancellation of errors"
        
           | malux85 wrote:
           | Same in finance!
        
           | hamandcheese wrote:
           | This reminds me of how one time in an interview, I realized I
           | had an off-by-one error. Instead of actually trying to
           | understand the source of the error, I just sped-run tweaking
           | different values +/- 1 until I got the expected result.
           | 
           | In the moment I felt quite clever, but the interviewer
           | apparently did not appreciate that technique.
        
             | AceJohnny2 wrote:
             | Love to hear it. Interviewing sucks from all perspectives,
             | so as an interviewer I try to give leeway for the stress
             | and time pressure the interviewee is under. But the key
             | thing is _they must express their reasoning for their
             | approach_ , and "I don't have time to dig into this" will
             | get you a long way, at least under me.
             | 
             | (Obviously there are nuances, but there is not enough space
             | in this comment to elaborate)
        
               | hackernewds wrote:
               | which makes interviewing all the more annoying because
               | then your success applies to which interviewer you get
        
               | Mtinie wrote:
               | Such is every aspect of life, fortunately or
               | unfortunately.
        
               | eitland wrote:
               | If you fail an interview because the interviewer was
               | unreasonable, sometimes you should be thankful and think
               | of it as a bullet dodged.
               | 
               | Yes, an otherwise good company might have a bad
               | interviewer, but if they don't have some feedback loop to
               | catch it, chances are there are other things they also
               | don't catch.
        
               | insertchatbot wrote:
               | Had an interview once over Zoom. Dude has me do a coding
               | test: normal String manipulation algorithmic problem
               | solving stuff. So I'm screen sharing and try to google
               | something and he's like "STOP! What are you doing?" I'm
               | like "well I don't remember the exact name of the
               | function" and he's like "You can't do that, this is a
               | Test!!"
               | 
               | So I flunked his "test" and then immediately contacted
               | the recruiter and said "no thanks" before he could
               | muahahaha
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | I mean, in this case... it is nice to get an interviewer
               | that lets stuff slip, but brute-forcing bugs in an
               | interview problem doesn't seem very good, right?
        
               | MarcelOlsz wrote:
               | Are your hiring? :)
        
             | actionfromafar wrote:
             | Well, the three hardest things in computer science _are_
             | after all naming things and off-by-one errors.
        
               | biomcgary wrote:
               | I thought the two hardest things in CS was naming things,
               | off-by-by one errors, and cache invalidation, but I must
               | be remembering that incorrectly.
        
               | klabb3 wrote:
               | synchronization. Don't forget
        
               | sdenton4 wrote:
               | The whole reason for the off by one error in the standard
               | joke is that we forgot to use a mutex.
        
               | actionfromafar wrote:
               | Don't forget synchronisation.
        
               | spenczar5 wrote:
               | synchronization, too
        
               | Sduic wrote:
               | OK, the two hardest things in CS are naming things, off-
               | by-one errors, cache invalidation, and
               | synchronisation...and consensus...
               | 
               | I'll come in again.
        
               | hnburnsy wrote:
               | Damn you beat me to it, I knew this felt like a Monty
               | Python skit...
               | 
               | >"Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition! Our chief
               | weapon is surprise... surprise and fear... fear and
               | surprise... Our two weapons are fear and surprise... and
               | ruthless efficiency.... Our three weapons are fear, and
               | surprise, and ruthless efficiency... and an almost
               | fanatical devotion to the Pope... Our four... no...
               | Amongst our weapons... Amongst our weaponry... are such
               | elements as fear, surprise... I'll come in again."
        
               | bostik wrote:
               | Consensus is a distributed systems problem. And in that
               | space there are only two hard problems:
               | 2. Exactly-once delivery         1. Guaranteed order of
               | messages         2. Exactly-once delivery
        
             | notatoad wrote:
             | >I just sped-run tweaking different values +/- 1 until I
             | got the expected result
             | 
             | we call this "ML" now, and it pays extra
        
               | ensignavenger wrote:
               | Really, the marketers seem to call it "AI".
        
               | notatoad wrote:
               | in a job interview, it's ML. in a product, it's AI.
        
               | geoduck14 wrote:
               | >in a job interview, it's ML. in a product, it's AI.
               | 
               | Oh. This is good. I'm using this!
        
               | 3D30497420 wrote:
               | Reminds me of this classic: https://www.reddit.com/r/Prog
               | rammerHumor/comments/a07d0u/ai_...
        
               | m463 wrote:
               | What about a job interview between marketing folks?
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | I suspect they just call it the product.
        
             | sen wrote:
             | Wrap up that speed-run up in an automation and refer to it
             | as "fuzzing" and you can sell it for millions these days.
        
             | edflsafoiewq wrote:
             | Can often be justified by the fact you know the correct
             | form is aX+b, so you only need to get it right at two
             | points to make it right everywhere.
        
             | lloeki wrote:
             | > Instead of actually trying to understand the source of
             | the error, I just sped-run tweaking different values +/- 1
             | until I got the expected result.
             | 
             | That's perfectly valid, when one knows a specific step or
             | result _must_ be positive or negative.
             | 
             | Not that much different from dimensional analysis, which
             | speedruns you to get/fix to proper formula (at the cost of
             | skimming on dimensionless constants).
             | 
             | Similarly, interviewer was not impressed when they cut me
             | short and started walking me through some step and I
             | pointed to them that their result was obviously wrong as it
             | was dimensionally inconsistent and if they didn't cut me
             | out the formula must have been something like baz*foo/bar^2
             | or something and now we just have to figure out the
             | constants.
        
             | pmontra wrote:
             | Many years ago before a demo we discovered that a program
             | failed to run properly but it did run successfully the next
             | time. We couldn't figure why and the clock was ticking. We
             | made a script to run it twice, fail then success, and the
             | demo was good. Then we debugged the issue, which was
             | something trivial (I can't remember the details) but proper
             | debugging and fixing under time pressure is never trivial.
             | 
             | So, an interviewer might appreciate that balancing of signs
             | if told that it is the fastest way make it work (and pass
             | your demo,) only to fix it later. Once proven that the
             | hacked code gives the right solution maybe you could have
             | offered to send them the correct code on the next day or
             | keep working on it if they wished so.
        
               | Elte wrote:
               | Long ago in high school, I entered a LEGO robot
               | competition with some friends. Tests were line following,
               | collision detection, etc. One of the tests involved the
               | bot being sent on a collision course with a wall. It had
               | to detect running into it and turn around. This was one
               | of the easiest ones to complete, but shortly before the
               | test started we realized that our pressure sensor was
               | malfunctioning and didn't send any more signals. There
               | was no more time to swap it out, I don't even think we
               | had a spare to be honest.
               | 
               | Not wanting to give up points on an easy test, we gauged
               | the distance the bot had to cover in the test, and
               | quickly uploaded some new software. At the start of the
               | test, our bot moved forward for 4 seconds, stopped, then
               | turned around. Full points on that one!
               | 
               | Some times things just need to work and we can worry
               | about them working _correctly_ later...
        
           | taneq wrote:
           | This joke is used at the start of Abrash's Graphics
           | Programming Black Book, followed by "If you laughed, you're a
           | graphics nerd." :D
        
           | _moof wrote:
           | The rest of engineering is doing very careful math and then
           | multiplying everything by two just to be sure.
        
             | martyvis wrote:
             | And when estimating the effort required, multiply by pi.
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28667174
        
           | hackernewds wrote:
           | "Now let's assume our chicken is a sphere.."
        
           | rcxdude wrote:
           | The tricky bit is when you have multiple interacting systems
           | which see different combinations of those sign errors: it
           | makes it a lot more important to know where all the sign
           | flips should actually be. For example, it's quite easy to
           | make a PID controller where the D term is actually the
           | opposite sign to the others.
        
           | m463 wrote:
           | that is so not not !false
        
           | onionisafruit wrote:
           | Reminds me of one of my favorite lines of code:
           | i = i - 2 // because I'm bad at this
        
         | LorenPechtel wrote:
         | I spent many days trying to troubleshoot some HP/GL2 plotter
         | code in the distant past. I eventually concluded that the real
         | problem was with the implementation--I was working with code
         | that was written by others and went a little crazy with
         | coordinate transforms. Oops--worked as expected on one non-HP
         | plotter. Drew the image inverted on a HP plotter. The HP
         | implementation appeared to break if you flipped the world too
         | many times. That was a *long* time ago, my memory is fuzzy by
         | now.
         | 
         | (And in later days I saw a firmware update for a laser printer
         | cause it to spew gibberish when fed embedded HP/GL2 code. This
         | was in the era where there were still DOS programs running
         | under Windows and somebody didn't check that it still worked
         | right.)
        
         | dfee wrote:
         | Is there a term for this systematic approach? I do it too, in
         | software, and hone in on the right behavior using unit tests -
         | especially to account for idiosyncratic off by one errors.
         | 
         | Basically: get the structure right and then re-align the
         | implementation to meet the expected behavior.
        
           | oconnor663 wrote:
           | Guess and check :)
        
             | Tempest1981 wrote:
             | HL? (human learning)
        
               | dfee wrote:
               | I like this one.
        
           | slingnow wrote:
           | Yeah, it's called being a hacker
        
         | ilayn wrote:
         | Multimeter and basic input output testing is your
         | underappreciated friend.
        
         | pavelstoev wrote:
         | This is precisely how I passed the lab portion of my Control
         | Systems course in undergrad engineering.
        
         | AnarchismIsCool wrote:
         | There are satellites in orbit right now that have their
         | reaction wheels harnessed backwards and have a x *= -1.0; //DO
         | NOT TOUCH in the codebase.
         | 
         | Everyone does it, though usually you do the test before you
         | duct tape it to the top of a few thousand kg of explosives and
         | push the red button :)
        
         | Matumio wrote:
         | When studying electrical engineering (during all the advanced
         | control theory math and stuff) we were told that this is the
         | official way to do it. If your PID controller doesn't work at
         | first, second or third attempt, you don't run for your math
         | books, you tweak it and try again until it works.
        
         | kloch wrote:
         | Quaternions are hard to get right, and impossible to get right
         | the first time.
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/grapefrukt/status/1618517709767016450
        
       | neom wrote:
       | Great art. This other thing he built is totally different, but
       | just as fun to look at:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9jyNIWsRvI
       | 
       | I love engineers who make art _so much_.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | I wouldn't say this other project is totally different. In
         | fact, he can probably easily combine the two!
        
           | neom wrote:
           | It would be fun if the LEDs changed or did something special
           | based on the rotation.. :o
        
           | dutchkiwifruit wrote:
           | This is definitely something I'm thinking about doing! I
           | would ideally like to keep the reaction wheels visible
           | though. Putting LEDs inside the wheels for a persistence of
           | vision effect might be cool.
        
         | sorenjan wrote:
         | I remember seeing his M&M sorting machine several years ago:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ceGlMV4sHnk
        
           | MOARDONGZPLZ wrote:
           | This is extremely cool. Would love one that separates M&Ms
           | from Skittles, which is a constant problem.
        
             | almostnormal wrote:
             | Even the sorting by color would be useful if Van Halen was
             | still touring.
             | 
             | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=_IxqdAgNJck
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | Now make it operate silently so that I can actually put it in
         | my living room. ;)
        
         | uint8_t wrote:
         | If you like this, you are sure to love Jacob Tonski's "Balance
         | from Within," a 170-year-old couch outfitted with reaction
         | wheels so that it stands up improbably on one leg.
         | 
         | Eventually, the reaction wheels max out and the couch falls
         | over, exploding like... well, an interpersonal relationship if
         | you ask the artist; but lately, it's hard not to see politics.
         | 
         | It was recognized by Prix Ars Electronica, a very high honor
         | for this genre of art.
         | 
         | Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQRP-b68fnE Article:
         | https://ars.electronica.art/aeblog/en/2014/07/02/auf-der-suc...
        
           | drBonkers wrote:
           | Wow, I deeply want the cube and this couch. How much do you
           | think it would cost to make the couch? How dangerous are
           | these objects if one of the reactive wheels fails? I imagine
           | if one was to fail, the object could be violently launched
           | across the room.
        
             | s0rce wrote:
             | Do you mean a piece of the reaction wheel getting thrown
             | across the room? You could shield that with something like
             | they do on jet engines to avoid turbine blades being
             | launched through the fuselage. I think the object itself is
             | heavy enough compared to the energy in the reaction wheels
             | that it would just fall over.
        
               | newaccount74 wrote:
               | I think a stainless steel reaction wheel is unlikely to
               | break. Now those 3D printed reaction wheels using ball
               | bearing balls for weight are another story:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJQZFHJzwt4
        
             | toss1 wrote:
             | The cube? Not severe but enough to _definitely_ wear safety
             | glasses when things are activated in development. The
             | couch? That 's a fair amount of mass at a good height above
             | floor level; definitely don't want to drop it on your body
             | parts. Tje reaction wheels failing, Calc the max velocity &
             | mass of the ring, and that'll give you an idea of the
             | energy levels you're dealing with. I see nothing that would
             | prevent me from doing either project, just enough to take
             | good ordinary safety measures. Start on much smaller
             | projects, enjoy the builds, and by the time you get to the
             | cube & couch, you'll be able to estimate all that you need.
             | 
             | Also, when you have a question in development, remember:
             | One test is worth a thousand opinions (especially re. your
             | own opinions).
        
           | dutchkiwifruit wrote:
           | I didn't know about this, but it's great! It makes me wonder
           | whether I should come up with some kind of funny enclosure
           | for my cube now, haha.
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | You can also make them in the shape of a mighty cheese:
             | 
             | https://youtu.be/BTrgdhq0vTw?t=72
        
       | kibwen wrote:
       | Very cool! I'd like to see one of these made into a permanent
       | sculpture, where the battery is removed and energy is provided
       | via the contact plate itself.
        
         | neom wrote:
         | We need to get the guy who made this one and Tony Rosenthal
         | together, unfortunately, however, Tony is dead.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rosenthal
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | That Alamo sculpture was the first thing I thought of! Fun
           | fact: it spins, even though that was never intended. [1]
           | 
           | Making a public sculpture size version seems really cool on
           | the one hand. On the other hand, it seems incredibly
           | dangerous if it could crush someone to death if the power or
           | electronics failed...
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamo_(sculpture)
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | I'm sure this is a dumb question because I never studied
         | electrical engineering, but can you supply power with just a
         | single point of contact? Rather than the two contacts/wires
         | that wall plugs and batteries have? (And is a contact plate
         | even safe?)
         | 
         | Or would wireless power be the way to go, the same way we
         | charge our phones these days? Could you fit a large enough coil
         | close enough in the tip?
        
       | philipwhiuk wrote:
       | Can someone explain the reason for the massive font-size on the
       | website?
        
         | vdaea wrote:
         | It's the "twentytwentyone" theme for wordpress, which was the
         | default during... twenty twenty-one. Maybe he installed
         | wordpress then and didn't bother changing the theme or liked it
         | as it is.
        
         | hanspeter wrote:
         | Preemptively saving your Cmd+plus fingers from unneeded
         | exercise.
        
       | enjoyitasus wrote:
       | The OA
        
       | renewiltord wrote:
       | Haha this is great, dude. Man it looks so well machined too.
        
       | johanneskanybal wrote:
       | Well I need one.
        
       | stuaxo wrote:
       | What a pleasing object.
        
       | lh7777 wrote:
       | > I plan to add mechanical brakes to the reaction wheels...This
       | enables jump-up manoeuvers which in turn enable the cube to get
       | to its equilibrium position on its own.
       | 
       | Looking forward to this -- I always thought that was the coolest
       | part of the Cubli project. Here's a video:
       | https://youtu.be/n_6p-1J551Y?t=92
        
         | darzu wrote:
         | Amazing. Now it just needs a nice wood enclosure and matching
         | induction charging pedestal. Kickstarter please take my money!
        
         | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
         | It makes me wonder if there's a better shape than a cube for
         | this. You'd want to be non-circular to walk up things, but
         | you'd want a circular edge for rolling down them. I'm imagining
         | something like two hoops forming a sphere: rotate 90 degrees to
         | switch between roll mode and walk mode.
        
           | dutchkiwifruit wrote:
           | That's an interesting idea. I have no good answer to your
           | question, but something like a dodecahedron comes to mind, as
           | a 'trade-off' between a cube and a sphere.
        
             | mtsr wrote:
             | If the edges were all made as small arcs with extra
             | actuators to rotate them either flat along the surface or
             | outwards to form something that can roll. Might need to do
             | the same for diagonals to get it to roll smoothly?
        
               | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
               | I like the actuated edges idea. I'm imagining it using an
               | edge to hook the top of a step, pull itself half way up
               | with edge actuation, and then building up momentum and
               | slamming a brake to kick itself onto the stair.
        
           | javajosh wrote:
           | In middle school I imagined a toy that would be a top with a
           | similar mechanism as this cube. It could spin it's outer
           | shell and then tilt and engage a "wheel" hoop, just a bit
           | above the the tops tip, exchange some of of it's angular
           | momentum for linear, right itself and build up angular
           | momentum again. This would enable a fully enclosed, no
           | external moving parts RC vehicle.
           | 
           | It seems such a thing is possible now.
        
         | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
         | Knowing and seeing how it works takes away a lot of the magic,
         | but imagine finding a completely featureless whirring metal
         | cube... that then jumps up onto an edge, then onto a corner,
         | and starts spinning. And is capable of doing this on any random
         | surface.
         | 
         | I bet that would puzzle even most people who consider
         | themselves familiar with physics and when the cube suddenly
         | jumps back from a corner onto a face, clearly showing that the
         | jumping isn't just some hidden mechanism that extends, make
         | some seriously consider the possibility of magic.
        
       | mavili wrote:
       | Impressive work! Some people have all the time in the world it
       | seems!
       | 
       | That said, it's not really "designing" if you're "building"
       | something that already exists, is it?
        
         | mavili wrote:
         | Haha lol. Downvotes for saying "building" is not "designing".
         | Why? Seriously people are so open-minded , very tolerant, just
         | as long as you don't upset their feelings. Hahah
        
           | samatman wrote:
           | You're confusing design with invention. People design new
           | instances of existing classes of object all the time, from
           | shoes, to cars, to shirts. We call this profession "design",
           | in fact. It's what the OP did with the cube: designed one.
        
         | smolder wrote:
         | Shirts and pants have existed a long time, but clothing
         | designers still design new ones. This isn't an exact copy of
         | someone else's, it just uses the same principles, so yes, it is
         | "designed".
        
           | mavili wrote:
           | You would say "I designed a t-shirt" not "I designed a
           | clothing that has short sleeves".
           | 
           | It could just be a casual title, guy probably didn't even
           | mean to title it that way but he probably didnt think about
           | it too much. But to downvote because I point out something
           | factually incorrect is just absurd.
        
         | sardon wrote:
         | I agree that "design" in the title is misleading. The main
         | novelty of this cube is that it balances itself etc, and that
         | was thought of and designed 12 years ago at ETH.
         | 
         | Nonetheless, incredible work by the OP - "I built a cube that
         | balances itself" is already extremely impressive
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | He didn't invent it and doesn't claim he did but he did design
         | each and every part that could not be bought off the shelf as
         | well as the final assembly. I'd say 'design' is more than
         | appropriate.
        
       | maelito wrote:
       | Makes me think to the Brennan monorail train.
       | 
       | Very interesting video
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kUYzuAJeg3M.
        
       | beoberha wrote:
       | I very much enjoy my career as a software engineer, but man
       | there's a side of me that wishes I had studied something where I
       | could even begin to build something like this. Super super cool!
        
         | cuu508 wrote:
         | You can learn all of this on your own! Like most of us learned
         | programming ;-)
         | 
         | Probably don't start with a self-balancing cube as the first
         | project though. Get an Arduino or ESP board, make some leds
         | blink and go from there.
        
           | szundi wrote:
           | Completely true and good advice
        
           | stavros wrote:
           | Yep! A self-balancing cube can definitely be your sixth
           | project, though.
        
             | YZF wrote:
             | Sometimes taking a big challenge can accelerate learning.
             | As long as you're not giving up ;)
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | Arduino + LED = Hello World for electronics.
           | 
           | Find a project online that tickles your fancy, and then
           | recreate that. If your thing doesn't work, you _know_ it is
           | something you did incorrectly as the project has been built
           | successfully by others. During the course of that project,
           | you will pick up on so many little things.
           | 
           | As an example, I had a project with more buttons than pins.
           | Just something as simple as adding a few resistors to each
           | button allows multiple buttons to be connected to the same
           | pin. You just have test the voltage to know which button.
           | Sounds simple, but I learned it from someone else's build.
           | 
           | Nobody likes walking through tutorials for tutorials sake,
           | but it's still useful and rewarding if you can build
           | something functional as a tutorial.
        
             | matheusmoreira wrote:
             | > If your thing doesn't work
             | 
             | One of the things I find paralyzing about electronics is
             | the fact energy is involved. Software just outputs garbage
             | to the terminal if I screw it up. Circuits though? Isn't it
             | possible for components to be literally destroyed, fires
             | started?
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | um, what do you think is powering the CPU/GPU combo you
               | are writing software for uses? I guess you missed the
               | period of "releasing the magic smoke" of software. But if
               | you are designing a project that uses enough power to
               | start fires, you've chosen poorly for your starter
               | projects. Most electronics are using 3.3v or 5v while
               | sipping miliamps. Sure, you can smoke a chip that wants
               | 3.3 from feeding it 5v, but if you're designing a project
               | near flammable substances, you're doing it wrong.
        
               | aaronmdjones wrote:
               | Yes, you can start fires with uncontrolled currents. This
               | is what fuses are for. Also what my sibling comment said;
               | start small, blow up small things by making mistakes
               | (like putting a transistor in the wrong way around and
               | pushing several amps through its inherent body diode;
               | we've all been there), and then you'll be confident
               | enough to start playing with actual power electronics (if
               | you want to).
               | 
               | What you'll find though is that, as a result of everyone
               | before you making the same kinds of mistakes, there
               | exists protection circuitry for almost everything you
               | would want to do. For example, Lithium-Ion batteries are
               | quite unsafe if you treat them without the respect they
               | deserve, but that's what e.g. the DW01-P IC is for, and
               | many Li-Ion charging ICs feature NTC thermistor inputs
               | (e.g. the LTC4053) to stop charging if the cell is
               | outside of some safe temperature range.
               | 
               | If you're really worried, a CO2 extinguisher and a bucket
               | of sand go a long way.
        
               | rcbdev wrote:
               | As someone who has managed to accidentally and completely
               | fry a Windows install with an unchecked C programme when
               | I started to learn programming - there's still you can
               | screw up using just code.
        
               | electroly wrote:
               | It would be really hard to start a fire with an Arduino
               | with 5V USB power. You might fry some components, but
               | even then, they usually just stop working (with a little
               | magic smoke if you're lucky, but typically not) and you
               | lose a dollar or two. Don't let a genuine fear of safety
               | issues stop you from tinkering with low-voltage hobby
               | electronics. Stay away from 120/240VAC mains power of
               | course, but an Arduino and the 5VDC from a USB charger is
               | a pretty forgiving environment.
        
               | foobarian wrote:
               | You call it frying some components, I call it finding
               | which of the little black cubes on the Arduino circuit
               | board is the voltage regulator. It gave off such a pretty
               | orange glow :-D
        
             | skybrian wrote:
             | Just in case someone gets the wrong idea, doing "hello
             | world" first is a good habit for everyone when starting to
             | use a new device or a new lab setup, not just beginners.
             | 
             | It's to make sure that the environment is set up right. Is
             | the device getting flashed? Does it start up at all? If you
             | make a change (blink at a different rate), do you see your
             | change?
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | Here's a handy guide ;)
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/thepracticaldev/status/76048012124142796.
           | ..
        
             | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
             | Hah. That hit home. But now I have a kid and we are slowly
             | starting to delve into things. It is oddly fun to explore
             | this realm together.
        
             | caymanjim wrote:
             | Hah! This is me. I bought an Arduino and a ton of
             | components and I pretty much stalled out at blinking LED. I
             | also watched all of Ben Eater's YouTube videos on building
             | an 8-bit computer from simple ICs and then bought all the
             | parts to do it and never put it together. I realized that
             | I'd already learned how it worked from the videos, and
             | putting it together would just be rote work that I already
             | knew the outcome of. I tried to think of some practical
             | reason to do it, or some modifications I might make, but
             | then I moved and never unpacked the stuff.
        
               | zackbloom wrote:
               | What you're forgetting is it absolutely would not work
               | when you first put it together. You would then begin a
               | journey of debugging which would teach you a lot more
               | than any YouTube video ever could.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | The most powerful thing for me was making sure that I had
               | the relays/etc necessary to _safely control 120v
               | circuits_.
               | 
               | Then you can make something that can turn off or on "real
               | things" and work from there.
               | 
               | If it can do 120v, it can usually to 12v, and that's the
               | next step - directly controlling components.
        
         | devsda wrote:
         | As a fellow developer I feel the same but then when I realize
         | that the cost of building something cool like this as a hobby
         | is very high(for me at-least), I feel like we are lucky enough
         | to have picked a field where the cost of experimenting is close
         | to zero.
         | 
         | As a middle ground, I've settled on home automation & hobby
         | electronic projects with some micro controllers like esp32, rpi
         | pico etc. It's worth a try for anybody itching to build
         | something tangible.
         | 
         | PS: the total BOM cost for this cube project was around 2500
         | Euros.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | > PS: the total BOM cost for this cube project was around
           | 2500 Euros.
           | 
           | Somethings are purchased in packs of 10 even when needing 1
           | type of things happen too, so sometimes you have to divide
           | the price by numbers used. Your comment also suggest you
           | consider that nothing was necessary to repurchase or that the
           | final BOM wasn't the 3rd iteration of which items were
           | actually used in previous attempts. Pure R&D type hobby
           | projects can be oh so much more expensive, but oh so much
           | fun.
        
           | weaksauce wrote:
           | yeah just the motors alone were 471 euros and the controller
           | boards were about 300 euros... this is a spendy project
        
         | thimp wrote:
         | It was always cool. Until you find the only jobs on the market
         | were ones that involve making machines that kill people. That's
         | what happened to me. YMMV.
        
           | noman-land wrote:
           | I know this is easy for me to say but I really want to
           | encourage you and other hardware people to innovate on
           | extremely cheap consumer facing commodity p2p/mesh
           | communication devices. I've been teaching myself electronics
           | and RF to try to be able to meaningfully contribute.
           | 
           | It's dumb that we have these super computers in our pockets
           | with long range antennas and in order to talk to each other
           | they have to go through central intermediaries and paid
           | access.
           | 
           | I want ad-hoc geographically local connectivity without
           | service providers.
        
             | thimp wrote:
             | That's a pipedream. Our current intermediary run cellular
             | networks pretty much replaced all our previous
             | infrastructure in that space because there are far fewer
             | compromises to end user experience. Secondly, your phone
             | doesn't have any long range antennas in it.
             | 
             | Do some research on VHF/UHF amateur radio. That'll give you
             | a primer on why this is hard. Think line of sight,
             | repeaters, traffic management.
             | 
             | Our current infra, even if it is paid, is cheap and
             | miraculous.
             | 
             | Edit: I had a ham license once (probably still do), built
             | VHF transceiver, only had asshats to talk to on it
             | (locality related not technical).
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Around here a HAM license is an excellent way to stay
               | current on various cancer treatments.
        
               | thimp wrote:
               | Gout in my area.
        
               | ianburrell wrote:
               | The asymmetry between mobile and cell tower is important.
               | The tower has lots of good antennas and more power.
               | 
               | I'm interested in LTE Direct but no one has implemented
               | that in a phone. LTE Direct has range of 1mi which is the
               | range of most low-power systems.
               | 
               | Ham radio gets longer range with higher power and better
               | antennas. But only to the horizon with most people. Ham
               | radio still depends on repeaters on high points.
        
             | esafak wrote:
             | Wireless ad hoc networks came and went two decades ago.
             | Perhaps they'll rise again but I wouldn't bank my career on
             | it.
        
             | Consultant32452 wrote:
             | The closest I've heard of to something like this is some
             | autist creates a low cost mesh internet connection for his
             | neighborhood, then you could use VOIP on top of that.
        
               | api_or_ipa wrote:
               | I don't think it's fair to conflate autism (a specific
               | medical condition) with passionate (a personality trait)
               | Where would we be without these kinds of people?
        
               | noman-land wrote:
               | Autist is not a cool term to use. Keep that sort of stuff
               | on Reddit please.
        
             | jameshart wrote:
             | Does the supercomputer in your pocket not have wi-fi? Who
             | is centrally intermediating or making you pay to use wi-fi
             | to connect to nearby peers?
        
               | durumu wrote:
               | I'm not sure what you mean -- I would think the ISP is
               | analogous here, so Comcast, AT&T, Verizon et al?
        
             | RF_Savage wrote:
             | The hardware is not the hard part. Routing and the software
             | stack for meshing is.
        
           | paganel wrote:
           | Unfortunately most of today's software is also going down
           | that route, if not necessarily killing people then most
           | likely making their lives a lot more nightmare-ish. AI is a
           | very good example of that.
        
             | thimp wrote:
             | That is exactly why I am heading out of the industry. I
             | have little faith in the direction and want nothing to do
             | with it any longer.
        
             | Consultant32452 wrote:
             | I was amused by the fact that in the same week that AI
             | generated fake nudes of Taylor Swift was hitting news
             | headlines another AI tool which puts clothes on e-girls
             | pics also popped up on my radar.
             | 
             | The internet is amazing and stupid.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | You could instead work on a robot performing surgery ... Just
           | one example.
        
           | GianFabien wrote:
           | The word "engineer" origin (from Oxford Dictionary):
           | 
           | Middle English (denoting a designer and constructor of
           | fortifications and weapons; formerly also as ingineer ): in
           | early use from Old French engigneor, from medieval Latin
           | ingeniator, from ingeniare 'contrive, devise', from Latin
           | ingenium (see engine); in later use from French ingenieur or
           | Italian ingegnere, also based on Latin ingenium
           | 
           | Would be great if we had a less war-like derived word for our
           | profession.
        
             | elchangri wrote:
             | By your own share, it only held a "war-like" definition in
             | Middle English. Its original latin etymology and current
             | definition describes the skill of
             | devising/designing/inventing/producing solutions.
             | 
             | "Genius" shares the same root.
        
             | aitchnyu wrote:
             | Heard the platitude that in today's French engineer is
             | "ingenious man"
        
           | rangestransform wrote:
           | You could work in autonomous driving!
        
           | jwr wrote:
           | One sometimes gets to a second take on that: you don't want
           | to make machines that kill people, until invaders from
           | another country ride into your country (or a country of your
           | friends/neighbors) and start killing, raping and torturing.
           | And suddenly, as you feel frustrated and powerless, you
           | realize that even though you don't want to make machines that
           | kill people, you pretty much have to, otherwise those people
           | will come for you, your family and your friends.
           | 
           | I thought humanity would grow out of senseless aggression in
           | 2024, but here we are. And yes, I am basing this on a
           | specific real-world example of a country invading another
           | country right next to mine, and my specific thoughts and
           | beliefs.
        
             | thimp wrote:
             | I don't disagree with you for ref. I don't mind working on
             | defensive capability for sure and that's what I was
             | involved in but the discussions moving to first strike
             | capability were not where I wanted to be.
        
         | s0rce wrote:
         | A big portion of this is software and the rest you could
         | certainly learn. Although I suspect if this was you day job you
         | might not want to come home and build the same stuff...
        
           | mseepgood wrote:
           | In which day job does one build cubes balancing on the
           | corner?
        
             | s0rce wrote:
             | Satellites mostly. Possibly missile guidance and then more
             | general applications of controls.
        
         | noman-land wrote:
         | https://www.adafruit.com/ is an amazing resource. The tutorials
         | are excellent and the products and video presentations of them
         | are really great. Basically every single product has
         | accompanying videos. It's very easy to spend some $$$ there.
        
         | geor9e wrote:
         | There is something a lot more healthy-feeling about tinkering
         | in the shop using your hands, versus staring down a panel of
         | colorful monospaced ascii. But the individual contributor MechE
         | career plateaus in pay around $170k. There's no L7 or whatever
         | pay scale. Seeing total compensation in the $300k+ range is
         | unheard of. In software you find them all over. I'm sure
         | there's rare exceptions but you get the gist.
        
         | matthewtse wrote:
         | I felt the same yearning. I found a creative outlet in
         | hardware, that still furthers my software engineering career,
         | by building a custom mechanical keyboard to improve coding
         | speed, accuracy, and efficiency.
         | 
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/ErgoMechKeyboards/comments/hj0q8x/f...
        
         | shellfishgene wrote:
         | You totally can. This video [1] someone linked below comes with
         | a github repo [2], it seems pretty straight forward to build
         | this with access to a 3d printer and some basic
         | electronics/soldering skills. Probably a <100$ for parts
         | project? You also need a soldering iron and learn how to use
         | it, but nothing of this is too hard for anyone technically
         | inclined, especially if you have a hackerspace nearby where you
         | can get a bit of help.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJQZFHJzwt4 [2]
         | https://github.com/remrc/Self-Balancing-Cube
        
       | pradn wrote:
       | This is exactly the sort of artifact you expect a wizard to have
       | floating above their hand on a fantasy pulp's cover, circa 1955.
        
       | jedilance wrote:
       | I was hoping for a DIY kit available until I saw BOM costs around
       | 2.5k
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | Well this is such an old project idea that they are already
         | being sold on aliexpress both in complete form for $500 and $50
         | per torque axis if you want to make one from scratch. Just
         | search up cubli.
        
           | terom wrote:
           | https://a.aliexpress.com/_EzMRNIv EUR250 for one axis (edge)
           | and EUR500 for a 3-axis (single point). There are a couple
           | sellers / designs.
        
             | moffkalast wrote:
             | Yeah there are also these separate torque wheels without
             | the housing:
             | https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005002491212698.html
             | 
             | The brushless type looks interesting, since you get the
             | flywheel, the motor, an integrated driver, and encoder
             | board all in one piece. A bit pricey still, and the encoder
             | documentation is lacking, otherwise I might've ordered one
             | or two already.
             | 
             | Would be really cool to make a satelite model that hangs
             | from the ceiling by hanging it at its center of mass on a
             | ball joint, so it can rotate in all directions, then using
             | these to orient it in specific ways, solar panels for
             | charging, radio comms to give it commands, sonic humidifier
             | as the rocket engine, etc. Maybe one day lol.
        
       | SeanAnderson wrote:
       | I've got a floating planter (not this model, but similar:
       | https://www.amazon.com/BandD-Floating-Plant-Pot-Levitating/d...).
       | 
       | It would be cool to combine these techs. Maybe have a floating
       | floor that the cube then balances on or something to that effect.
        
         | dutchkiwifruit wrote:
         | That would be cool. I thought about balancing one cube on top
         | of another balancing cube, but sadly I've only got one.
        
       | ijhuygft776 wrote:
       | Here is one from 10 years ago that can jump up, balance, and
       | 'walk': https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_6p-1J551Y
        
         | r-spaghetti wrote:
         | Try to read line 3 in the article again.
        
       | deadbabe wrote:
       | How large could these cubes scale?
        
         | dutchkiwifruit wrote:
         | I'm not sure! You could probably at least double the rib length
         | if the wheels are scaled accordingly. I can however answer the
         | opposite "how small" question to some extent by linking to this
         | really cool project: https://youtu.be/hI5UDKaWJOo
        
       | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
       | Call me reckless, but I'd totally pay to climb a bigger one, with
       | holds along the edges. I just wanna feel how it responds to my
       | movements.
        
         | swyx wrote:
         | gonna be like climbing a wall of jello, or a mountain during an
         | earthquake. fun thought experiment.
        
       | pravint wrote:
       | This is so beautiful work ! Loved it !
        
       | markdog12 wrote:
       | Imagine showing Archimedes this device.
        
       | anonymouskimmer wrote:
       | I pictured one of three things:
       | 
       | 1) A "cube" that isn't really a cube in that the corners aren't
       | points.
       | 
       | 2) A cube designed to balance on the corner of a wall.
       | 
       | 3) A cube with varying densities such that it will balance on a
       | corner.
       | 
       | I did not picture a mechanical device.
        
         | rtpg wrote:
         | I had a McDonald's toy that was a self balancing Superman on a
         | point. Obviously this cube is something else in that it can
         | move around but I wonder if it's even possible to build a non
         | mechanical cube that could balance on its point
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Anything that balances is mechanical, you will always end up
           | moving _something_ to compensate for being off center. For
           | instance, you could have two fans spinning to pump air from
           | one side of the device to the other but that would still be
           | mechanical. You could do the same with fluid and so on. But
           | all of it would eventually require a mechanical component to
           | output the reaction force.
           | 
           | Ion drives or selectively colored surfaces don't have enough
           | impulse to do the job, those are the only non-mechanical
           | reaction devices that I know of, but maybe there are others
           | that could work?
        
             | quickthrower2 wrote:
             | Simplest might be a classic spin top toy with a paper cube
             | shell.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Spin top is definitely mechanical though.
        
             | mnw21cam wrote:
             | Not necessarily. It can also be done with buoyancy. A hot
             | air balloon just before it takes off is effectively
             | "balanced" on its basket and does so because the bit at the
             | top is positively buoyant. You can also get toys that stand
             | up on the bottom of a swimming pool using the same
             | principle.
        
             | rtpg wrote:
             | There are plenty of things that self center despite not
             | having active mechanics in the sense we are talking about.
             | Bobbleheads, an egg that you shake to have the yolk hold it
             | in place, a lot of springy stuff in general.
             | 
             | Obviously there's a mechanical force at play, but there's a
             | huge difference between "some springs make this work" and
             | "these motors make it work"
        
       | EGreg wrote:
       | We've reached a point where machines can do pretty much
       | everything better than humans and animals too, even without AI.
       | Because people add solutions to problems and if they're better
       | than previous ones, then it's downloaded to all the machines
       | which perfectly run the software. Self-driving card etc.
       | 
       | No animal can compete with the accuracy, reaction speed, etc.
       | Racing Drones will be able to fly better than 99% of human
       | operators. Cars will be able to drive better than 99% of human
       | operators. And consistently.
       | 
       | Google already gives direction better. Trading bots trade better.
       | They are preferred by people and corporations, respectively.
       | 
       | I wouldn't be surprised if computers can brute-force better
       | scientific theories just by being fed motions of stars or other
       | data. Like deducing Kepler's laws in 2 minutes and then going
       | much much further, into laws that use 19283-dimensional vectors
       | and are 99.9% of the time predictive.
       | 
       | Monte Carlo Tree Search has done very well with chess, with
       | AlphaZero beating all human-designed programs like Rybka, and
       | playing much more elegant chess too.
       | 
       | Where we need AI models is training on human-produced data (art,
       | text on the internet, etc.) And there, it can be trained to
       | maximize various metrics, including human satisfaction, or actual
       | investment into an enterprise, and soon -- laughing at jokes, or
       | agreeing to go out with someone romantically, etc. Just pick the
       | stuff that works the best, and show it to humans as a
       | superstimulus.
       | 
       | In addition, the models are developing "understanding" of the
       | latent space, the way a student in a classroom would develop this
       | from listening to the professors explain stuff (rather than do
       | experiments themselves). The latent space, thanks to humans,
       | models the real world quite well, from a human perspective, and
       | the computers can become polyglots and polymaths... ALL of them.
       | Just download some compressed model weights onto a small
       | computer, and it becomes more knowledgeable about topics than any
       | human. And just like other software, the weights can be improved.
       | 
       | But the next level is Swarms. Swarms of bots in online accounts
       | at online platforms and communities will be able to optimize
       | "reputation" points that they accumulate from existing humans in
       | the communities (social capital). By doing this 24/7, and
       | mimicking timing of humans etc. they can eventually (in
       | aggregate) command far more reputation than any set of humans.
       | They can also coordinate over long periods of time, as sleeper
       | accounts, and eventually undertake any reputational attacks,
       | including and up to having a person's own friends turn on them,
       | ruining a famous person's reputation, having them convicted of a
       | crime, or even foment a war etc.
       | 
       | Whether or not humans are behind these directives at that point
       | will be irrelevant. It's a bit like giving everyone atomic bombs
       | or the ability to create novel viruses, except online. Someone's
       | bound to misuse it. And because the swarms are so destructive and
       | able to blend in, the internet will become a Dark Forest and
       | people will try to retreat into real-life communities, where they
       | will try to eliminate bots by having people show up periodically
       | at events, but never completely succeed (because these same
       | people will run bots on their own accounts).
       | 
       | Already for years, corporations have been deploying algorithms to
       | optimize people's addiction to TikTok, Instagram etc. with
       | predictable effects of depression in teens, anger in adults
       | arguing politics, etc. And that was _before_ AI.
       | 
       | I wrote about this here in LA Weekly:
       | https://www.laweekly.com/restoring-healthy-communities/
        
         | ponector wrote:
         | That is not true. Machines can do things better only in strict
         | environment.
         | 
         | Self driving car in Las Vegas is relatively easy. How about
         | tight curvy streets of Rome?
         | 
         | And what about medical machines or sex machines. I doubt they
         | are better then human.
        
           | EGreg wrote:
           | That's what people say right before the exponential function
           | (or rather, X^n) elipses them
           | 
           | "Sure, the machines can do X really well, but what about Y"
           | 
           | Y is just X with more variables. The machines will be able to
           | do better than 95% of humans in a couple years, and then
           | eventually better than all humans. But doing better than 95%
           | already means they will be preferred everywhere.
           | 
           | And the swarms is the key!
        
       | Invictus0 wrote:
       | It's a shame that cubli wasn't open sourced in the first place.
       | Academics need to do better than just publish papers
        
         | dutchkiwifruit wrote:
         | Agreed. If only to enable others to reproduce and improve on
         | the work.
        
       | litoE wrote:
       | Just out of curiosity: do the flywheels actually stop and rotate
       | slowly in either direction or is it just an artifact of the
       | video?
        
         | ElectricalUnion wrote:
         | One of the optimizations that is employed to make the whole
         | thing possible is reducing flywheel rotational speed whenever
         | possible. Otherwise, as the video says, the reaction wheels get
         | saturated and you lose control over that saturated axis
         | rotation.
        
         | dutchkiwifruit wrote:
         | Yes, the reaction wheels normally rotate very slowly.
        
       | wwarner wrote:
       | really so beautiful. the writeup really revved up my imagination,
       | thinking about how the wheels slow and reverse direction to
       | change and then maintain equilibrium, and thinking about how
       | wheels like this control the orientation of the hubble and jwst.
        
       | wojtczyk wrote:
       | Thanks for sharing! Awesome project
        
       | crazygringo wrote:
       | Wow, watching that video is _wild_. It 's the closest I've ever
       | found myself to thinking, well that's just _magic_. The way it
       | responds to being pushed around, it 's almost like experiencing
       | magnetism for the first time, only now it's as if it's a whole
       | new force. It almost seems like it's _alive_ , actively
       | maintaining its equilibrium and resisting changes from its
       | environment. Throw a literal tomato on it and it just _adapts_ ,
       | not unlike the way our bodies do to changing loads.
       | 
       | I can't wait until smaller mass-produced versions are sold on
       | Amazon for $50, however many years from now that is! I would just
       | love to play with something like this.
        
         | dutchkiwifruit wrote:
         | Your comment makes me smile. Thank you! :)
        
           | neom wrote:
           | I think you've got a startup on your hands young man. ;)
        
             | hackernewds wrote:
             | not every joy needs to be commercialized. less so is the
             | joy that remains
        
               | neom wrote:
               | Personally, I'd find a lot of joy in commercializing it.
               | Seems like it will sell extremely well and people would
               | love it. I find a lot of joy in that.
        
         | fisian wrote:
         | I really agree that some control engineering applications can
         | feel like magic.
         | 
         | When I learned programming, I thought "Wow, I can tell a
         | computer anything I want, as long as I take the time to program
         | it."
         | 
         | I have a similar feeling about control theory, just that it
         | feels like you're "programming" the laws of physic, modifying
         | how reality works.
        
         | ijhuygft776 wrote:
         | > I can't wait until smaller mass-produced versions are sold on
         | Amazon for $50, however many years from now that is!
         | 
         | This is old as fuck btw..... checkout youtube for 10year+
         | examples...
        
           | ryanjshaw wrote:
           | But in 10 years nobody has built a low-cost design right?
           | Since OP has open sourced the build and software, that may
           | change now.
        
             | terom wrote:
             | It will take a bit more engineering than some optimistic
             | sign-flipping to bring it down to $50 retail (~$10 BOM).
             | 
             | > In my case, the BOM was close to EUR2500, so be prepared
             | for that.
             | 
             | EDIT: someone pointed out that there are actually some
             | designs available on AliExpress, e.g.
             | https://a.aliexpress.com/_EzMRNIv EUR250 for one axis
             | (edge) and EUR500 for a 3-axis (single point).
        
               | padolsey wrote:
               | On TaoBao here in Beijing I can get one for around
               | 95USD.... No strong indication whether it'll work tho!
               | https://m.tb.cn/h.5Hbc2x0sHhXTXZG?tk=nl7YW9gh6MR
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | I think what it needs is simple direct neural network
               | controller quickly trained and tested for cheap motors
               | and high tolerances so it can sort of work if done
               | cheaply.
               | 
               | Recently there was a post here about researchers training
               | NN to fly a chepish very small drone. No messing with PID
               | adjustment.
        
             | PennRobotics wrote:
             | A similar design (although it balances on the reaction
             | wheel rather than corner after the initial startup jump)
             | has been made for less than 1000 euros and open-sourced:
             | 
             | https://sites.google.com/view/wheelbot
        
         | jrussino wrote:
         | In the old Cubli videos they go further, chaining together
         | "jumping up", balancing, and controlled falling to demonstrate
         | locomotion!
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/n_6p-1J551Y?si=zvwORnuPZmgXw0S8
        
           | ryanjshaw wrote:
           | OP is planning on implementing braking next, which will make
           | the same capabilities available in this open source design.
        
       | tamimio wrote:
       | Not to downplay software engineering, but any project that mixes
       | hardware and software together is always better and cooler in my
       | opinion, great work!
        
       | pests wrote:
       | James Burton on YouTube makes a lot of self balancing robots with
       | different configurations and balancing techniques.
        
       | stuart73547373 wrote:
       | strong plug for onshape instead of fusion360
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Nice.
       | 
       | That stainless steel work is very nice. I didn't know PCBway did
       | CNC machining. eMachineShop has been around for two decades, but
       | now more companies are offering online CNC, which may bring
       | prices down.
       | 
       | He wants to add brakes, so he can spin up a wheel, apply the
       | brake hard, and get enough of a change in angular momentum to
       | bring the thing upright. I wonder if eddy current brakes would
       | work for that. More elegant and quieter than friction brakes.
       | Actually, just shorting the motor might work.
        
         | dutchkiwifruit wrote:
         | I've considered various concepts for the brake design and think
         | the way forward is to use friction brakes. The original Cubli
         | uses bicycle brake pads, but this has its disadvantages. I'm
         | thinking about using a (possibly bidrectional) band brake for
         | my cube, similar to the one used in the "M-Blocks" [1]. Based
         | on this video and the associated research paper, I'm quite
         | optimistic about this kind of brake.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hI5UDKaWJOo.
        
           | Panzer04 wrote:
           | I suppose there are limits to the size and power of the
           | motors and controllers you want to use, but those inrunners
           | are probably not ideal either, right? I wonder if you could
           | use an oversized hobby outrunner and achieve the same effect
           | (probably with a large controller as well)
           | 
           | Also, even if most hobby motors do not specify Nm/A, they
           | usually give KV, which is actually the same value but shown
           | in a different form :).
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | I wonder if shorting out the windings or even more extreme,
           | reversing polarity on the running motor would have enough of
           | an effect to cause the jump.
        
             | Animats wrote:
             | I would expect so, but the integrated motor controller
             | might not let you do that. The power MOSFETs and motor
             | windings should be able to handle it. It's all heat
             | dissipation, and this only lasts a fraction of a second.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Those M-Blocks are _really_ clever, the way they move the
               | reaction wheel around to allow it to simulate having
               | three wheels when it has only one. But that limits the
               | 'balancing' capability, though that's - for a cube -
               | mostly a gimmick as far as I can tell, the locomotion
               | capabilities are far more useful and they seem to do that
               | just fine.
               | 
               | There was a popular mechanics article a many years ago
               | about a box that moved without any outward visible means
               | of locomotion. Inside it were a slide with a little tin
               | can and some metal balls, going one way up the slide was
               | easy and nearly friction free, the other way it released
               | and fell, then bumped into a stop at the bottom which was
               | enough to cause the box to slide a bit. That was mighty
               | impressive when I was a kid, this is like an SF version
               | of that.
        
       | c-smile wrote:
       | What if to keep it standing for the whole day?
        
       | altspace wrote:
       | Reminded me of the red cube in NYC
       | https://publicdelivery.org/isamu-noguchi-red-cube/
        
       | andrewp123 wrote:
       | This is really cool. Would love to see a basic analysis of the
       | physics - I know it's just basic angular momentum and torque. Are
       | reaction wheels somehow intuitive and don't require you to think
       | about these things?
        
         | dutchkiwifruit wrote:
         | Most of the dynamics and kinematics involved are thoroughly
         | discussed in the research work that has been published by the
         | authors of the original Cubli! For example:
         | https://ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/mavt/dynam...
        
       | lovegrenoble wrote:
       | You have to make fundraising to produce it on
       | https://www.kickstarter.com
        
       | geor9e wrote:
       | Now put some of those reaction wheels in one of these, to give
       | them lateral self balancing
       | https://alienrides.com/collections/electric-unicycles
        
       | CodeWriter23 wrote:
       | My kind of crazy mf.
        
         | yazzku wrote:
         | It deserves to be said fully spelled out: this guy is one hell
         | of a crazy motherfucker. Respect.
        
       | matthewtse wrote:
       | Just subscribed to your YouTube channel, hope to see more
       | Mechanical Marvels from you! It's rare to feel an unstoppable
       | childlike smile creep onto my face, the smile of experiencing
       | joy+wonder, and I felt that today.
       | 
       | Also super impressed by the build quality and the welds you made
       | for this hobby project.
        
         | dutchkiwifruit wrote:
         | Thank you!
        
       | syntaxing wrote:
       | As a former MechE, those parts look like it cost a pretty penny
       | but damn, the results are worth it. Naively, you should be able
       | to plug figure 21 into simulink to get the tuned constants.
       | Though to be honest, getting the system constants will probably
       | take just as much time and for a one off piece that's for fun,
       | hand tuning is more than fine.
        
         | dutchkiwifruit wrote:
         | Fusion 360 calculates things like moments of inertia and
         | weight, and this was very helpful since the controller requires
         | these parameters to convert control inputs to torques, for
         | example. I still had to tune the controller gains, of course.
         | (Which I did by hand.)
        
           | syntaxing wrote:
           | Is there anyway to tune the controller gains beforehand? Also
           | if you don't mind me asking, how much did everything cost
           | you? This looks super fun and I'm debating to build one.
        
             | FabHK wrote:
             | The article lists a BOM of EUR 2500.
        
             | dutchkiwifruit wrote:
             | Bobrow's research mentions a set of equations that can be
             | used to derive the controller gains based on a set of
             | dynamics-related parameters of the cube (like inertia,
             | mass), but the results were unsatisfactory, so I tuned the
             | gains by hand. But in theory, yes.
        
       | tharakam wrote:
       | It's so beautiful! Love it!
        
       | johnea wrote:
       | Really Interesting! I had never seen it before.
       | 
       | I would suggest v2 have photovoltaic panels on all sides so it
       | could run indefinitely on a sunlit windowsill...
        
       | yazzku wrote:
       | Damn, I have been living a lie. Now I won't be able to sleep
       | until I can build one for myself.
        
       | tremarley wrote:
       | This looks excellent. How could someone make this more silent
       | though?
       | 
       | How does one quieten fan sounds?
        
         | xxs wrote:
         | 6000rpm cannot be silent, it causes the air to move and it's
         | perceived as noise.
        
       | tremarley wrote:
       | It would be cool if a gigantic one of this were made.
       | 
       | People would love to see this in a museum.
        
       | po__studio wrote:
       | I want to buy your stuff!
        
         | po__studio wrote:
         | I'm looking for more companies like these:
         | 
         | https://www.evilmadscientist.com/
         | 
         | https://teenage.engineering/
        
       | kristianpaul wrote:
       | 2500 BOM
        
       | leros wrote:
       | Very cool project. I'm curious, was the bulk of that PS2500 cost
       | tied up in any one part of the build? I'm suspecting the CNC
       | work.
        
       | fortran77 wrote:
       | Put this in a sealed wooden box and you'd have the basis for a
       | magic routine that would fool many people. Especially when the
       | box and what it's standing on can be inspected. When the motors
       | aren't spinning, if this were enclosed, it would feel normal.
        
       | mcapodici wrote:
       | The title undersells it. It balances itself on a corner, can be
       | knocked about and rotates itself to. And can balance on an edge.
        
       | dkarras wrote:
       | I remember seeing this exact thing a couple years ago. Or is my
       | brain bugging out? very cool nonetheless.
        
         | KTibow wrote:
         | Yeah it says it was inspired by the Cubli
        
       | soheil wrote:
       | Should make the frame out of wood or some soft material so no one
       | thinks you welded it to the table.
        
       | soheil wrote:
       | Gyros were also used to balance a massive passenger monorail in
       | 1962 without a Raspberry-pi
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyro_monorail
        
       | bcherny wrote:
       | I wonder why cars and trains don't use tech like this to keep
       | passengers stable, even when the road/track has bumps. Something
       | like this, built into shock absorbers, could be revolutionary for
       | transport.
        
         | altairTF wrote:
         | I would say cost, imagine the R&D of the part itselft, but the
         | cost of it in maintenance to the final user. I believe citroen
         | had electromagnetic shocks in the 90's and it didn't catch much
         | momentum but if you see the videos of it working, its exactly
         | like you said, smooth as heck drive throwgh bumps.
        
       | julianeon wrote:
       | Ha, this project does seem extremely Dutch! Whimsical yet
       | practical(ish).
        
       | a-dub wrote:
       | very cool. reminds me of the alamo sculpture in astor place in
       | front of the site of the old cooper union engineering building.
        
       | mastersummoner wrote:
       | You know, once you implement the braking system, it seems like
       | you could make it walk across your desk, corner over corner.
       | Might be hell on the wood surface though.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Cover the sides in something soft? Also it might be possible to
         | control the fall so that the reaction wheel spins up just
         | before estimated impact.
        
       | Uptrenda wrote:
       | If you showed this to someone in the stone age they would
       | literally think you were a god and probably worship the cube.
        
       | Ostatnigrosh wrote:
       | I have been obsessed with this balancing cube for years now
        
       | Ostatnigrosh wrote:
       | I have been obsessed with this balancing cube forever now
        
       | Borzadaran wrote:
       | Very cool project.
        
       | retrolumi wrote:
       | The second I clicked on the video I instantly recognized those
       | synths as being Kevin Macleod's music. Very iconic
        
       | Shinchy wrote:
       | That is so cool!
        
       | sixhobbits wrote:
       | Would love if HN had a section like 'show hn' specifically for
       | long-form, lone-hacker, impressive stuff like this. Not sure
       | exactly what the metrics would be that qualify an article to
       | belong there but every few months I see something like this that
       | has that 'wow' factor, and wish there was an easy way to collect
       | all of them.
        
         | swyx wrote:
         | i mean this sort of thing usually gets like >1k votes so thats
         | an easy enough filter?
        
       | sim7c00 wrote:
       | this is such a crazy awesome thing. i can only imagine the magic
       | it would seem if you put an enclosure around it to hide the
       | mechanism... :'). - me with no mechanical background would
       | definitely not guess how this works. respect and thanks for
       | making this wonderful thing!
        
       | scotty79 wrote:
       | Are mechanical breaks necessary for cube jumping up?
       | 
       | What are the limits of electronic breaking of those motors?
        
       | extraduder_ire wrote:
       | Any thoughts about making it lay itself back down on a qi charger
       | (or pogo pins) when its battery is getting low, or its reaction
       | control wheels get saturated? I assume that would wait until
       | after it has brakes to pick itself up.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | I wonder if you could put a coil in the corner and power it
         | continuously. The distance might be a problem.
        
       | iamsanteri wrote:
       | Coooool!! Well done! Now do it in JavaScript :'D
        
       | Snawoot wrote:
       | The trick is just to hang it and film upside down /s
        
       | jwr wrote:
       | This is such an impressive engineering achievement. As someone
       | who designs electronics and builds mechanical devices, I find
       | this project spectacularly impressive!
        
       | pfdietz wrote:
       | I like how it automatically unloads the momentum wheels.
        
       | DrNosferatu wrote:
       | Awesome!
       | 
       | Now make it walk using two vertices (close to each other) as the
       | two feet ;)
        
       | neoberg wrote:
       | I am not very familiar with controls engineering. Can this
       | machine tilt or balance in a tilted position?
        
       | stephen_g wrote:
       | Very cool, and I love how amazing it looks with decently machined
       | metal parts - 3D printing is cool and all, but I do get a little
       | tired of the characteristic messy look of those projects so this
       | is a very nice change! I really think more people should try
       | modelling parts to have machined, now that cheap manufacturing
       | has become more accessible in recent years.
       | 
       | You can tell the designer likely has some proper engineering
       | experience not just by the nice designs of each part and how well
       | the thing works, but also by the use of Torx screws!
        
       | m463 wrote:
       | You should put a solar panel or two on it. Put it in a window,
       | stay charged. Even track the sun. maybe a kickstand for
       | nighttime.
       | 
       | Could also magnetically levitate to "get up" if there was a coil
       | underneath it.
        
       | pkphilip wrote:
       | This is actually such a cool project! Great job!
        
       | webdoodle wrote:
       | > ANOTHER USELESS MACHINE?!
       | 
       | Absolutely not. Gyroscopic systems have been used to keep ships
       | floating (and moving) for many years. I also wonder if it could
       | be used in buildings for earthquake mitigation...
       | 
       | https://www.wired.com/story/seakeeper-stable-ship-system/
        
       | staplung wrote:
       | In William Gibson's _The Peripheral_ (the book, haven 't seen the
       | show myself) there's something like a weaponized version of this:
       | 
       | ``` "What were you in, up there? Mason says you're training."
       | "Kind of like a washing machine, inertial propulsion. Big-ass
       | fly-wheels inside." "Washing machine?" "About three hundred
       | pounds. Big red cube. I'd just learned to balance it on one
       | corner, then rotate, when they made me come back." "What's it
       | for?" "Fuck if I know. Wouldn't want to meet one in a dark
       | alley." ```
        
       | drakenot wrote:
       | How effective would it be to build a neural network that controls
       | the reaction wheel motors?
        
       | ijhuygft776 wrote:
       | a guy designed a drone controlled with the same idea.....
        
       | phkahler wrote:
       | Regarding brakes... I don't know if it's good enough for this
       | project but a 3-phase motor will produce a braking torque when
       | shorting all three phases together. Some gate drivers even have
       | an input or way to trigger this function by turning on all low-
       | side FETs or all high-side. The amount of torque depends a lot on
       | the specific motor design and the speed when applied. Not sure if
       | this technique would be good enough for the project.
        
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