[HN Gopher] Fedora Atomic Desktops
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Fedora Atomic Desktops
        
       Author : HieronymusBosch
       Score  : 99 points
       Date   : 2024-02-09 15:40 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (fedoramagazine.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (fedoramagazine.org)
        
       | INTPenis wrote:
       | Good, they changed the name of Sericea just as I learned how to
       | spell it. :D
       | 
       | I started using Silverblue in October 2022 and now I've been
       | using Sericea for the past 2 months.
       | 
       | Long story short, immutable is the future of Linux.
        
         | exe34 wrote:
         | > immutable is the future of Linux
         | 
         | Or indeed, the past. Happy nixos user since ~2016 here.
        
           | cma256 wrote:
           | I am also a nixos enjoyer but I have mixed feelings around
           | the fact that I still don't really understand the
           | configuration language.
           | 
           | I'm happy in the sense that its simple enough that I can
           | install programs and do all the other usual desktop stuff
           | with minimal knowledge. But I'm unhappy in the sense that
           | when I started with nixos I wanted to replace docker and
           | docker-compose. I still haven't accomplished that.
           | 
           | But all-in-all I'm very happy with Nixos for desktop use. No
           | crashes, no bugs. Its the reason I was able to permanently
           | drop Windows.
        
             | tombert wrote:
             | I know they're kind of experimental still, but I have
             | personally found Nix Flakes a lot more fun to work with, at
             | least once I sat down and actually learned about them. I
             | feel the interface is more consistent, and it gives me the
             | "replacing docker" experience with the ability to make
             | devshells and ephemeral builds.
             | 
             | Granted, I'm not running Nixos on my main laptop, because I
             | have had a hell of a time getting me 2020 Macbook to get
             | Linux running stably, but I do use Nix as my sole package
             | manager within MacOS, and I do run NixOS on my server and
             | use Flakes heavily there.
        
             | Cu3PO42 wrote:
             | I went down the rabbit hole and now feel comfortable
             | claiming I do understand both the programming language and
             | the NixOS module system, which is effectively an embedded
             | DSL, as well as a decent chunk of the nixpkgs conventions.
             | 
             | And it certainly is a great feeling, but I'm not yet sure
             | it's really "worth it". Of course the effect is great, but
             | it was also an enormous amount of work to get there.
        
           | throwaway8481 wrote:
           | I liked Nix, because it worked very well to reproduce "the
           | same system" every time. However, it became unmanageable and
           | a huge time sink to constantly remake how I scripted together
           | my nix flakes per the current/modern way of doing that. And
           | then finding a repository of how someone else managed this on
           | Github and rewriting my configuration again.
           | 
           | Nix ultimately made me feel like I was running Gentoo.
           | Excellent build system, but I could not invest the time in
           | learning ebuilds, and I could not invest the time in using
           | Nix's language to manage its packages. It was just a huge
           | time sink and baggage to maintain.
           | 
           | rpm-ostree is lowering the barrier to entry greatly to
           | produce layered [open container] images that we can rebase
           | off of. That is the future among all this atomic stuff. It
           | would be entirely possible to /someday/ build a system with
           | the nix toolset, then commit the image through rpm-ostree,
           | and have others rebase from it. Best of both.
           | 
           | In the future, with immutable systems, it probably also means
           | being able to have those very robust update systems in place
           | like Chromebooks where you update and switch to partition B
           | with the new image, while having the fallback on partition A.
           | It would also probably make it easier to verify and sign
           | these images for secure boot purposes so then enabling secure
           | boot on Linux becomes easier/convenient, and the secure
           | default.
           | 
           | I still think the Nix language is yet another language I
           | don't see the value in. I'm not learning this, or becoming
           | comfortable in this language, or convincing myself it's a
           | comfortable language to use ...just to maintain my 2-3
           | laptops when I don't use Nix anywhere else.
           | 
           | Time sink. But a very solid system.
           | 
           | PS: I want them to layer everything on Fedora CoreOS. Make
           | CoreOS the secure thin base, then create all these atomic
           | "Spins" as a derivation of CoreOS.
        
             | exe34 wrote:
             | I never got around to the flakes thing - if something isn't
             | already in the repos nowadays, I lose interest quite
             | quickly. It's really helped with just getting on with life
             | instead of futzing around with settings. What does work, is
             | rock solid.
        
             | Cu3PO42 wrote:
             | I have also invested a hugely disproportionate amount of
             | time in writing my Nix config. However, that is only
             | because I found it fun to massively over-engineer
             | everything and wanted to make my work easily usable for
             | others.
             | 
             | That said, I could have gotten away with significantly less
             | and I'm really not sure what you're referring to with
             | having to remake your Flake. I'm not aware that the output
             | schema changed over the last years. Could you provide an
             | example of what caused you to rewrite your configuration?
             | 
             | I'm not doubting your experience, the documentation
             | situation is not great and I could absolutely see someone
             | getting stuck in a situation where they felt they needed to
             | start over. I'd just like to know what the community could
             | do to avoid these pitfalls.
        
           | hollerith wrote:
           | And every time your libc needs to be updated, almost every
           | other package you have installed must be updated at the same
           | time.
        
             | exe34 wrote:
             | And if there's the slightest issue with the update, you can
             | just reboot into the previous generation and continue
             | working until you have time to figure it out later, or just
             | wait until it's fixed!
        
               | hollerith wrote:
               | Fedora atomic desktops have that property, too, without
               | the wasteful property I just described.
        
               | exe34 wrote:
               | Yes, there is a garbage collector to get rid of the old
               | stuff you don't need anymore!
        
               | Cu3PO42 wrote:
               | You probably don't even need to reboot. Only once have I
               | broken a generation badly enough I actually needed to
               | reboot. And that was entirely my fault: I mis-configured
               | PAM and couldn't sudo anymore to switch back.
        
         | Am4TIfIsER0ppos wrote:
         | > Long story short, immutable is the future of Linux.
         | 
         | If I didn't want my computer to change I would simply not turn
         | it on!
        
       | hospitalJail wrote:
       | If anyone isnt aware, Fedora is currently the GOAT OS. Don't
       | knock it until you try it. Everything just works, and it works
       | like the Platonic form of a desktop should.
       | 
       | A Fedora Cinnamon Atomic would be a wet dream for me. I'm
       | surprised that wasnt prioritized. Budgie Desktop looks
       | interesting.
        
         | Arisaka1 wrote:
         | I tried getting to Fedora but the package manager was slower
         | even to deb, the hardware video acceleration in browsers
         | required me to juggle drivers from fusion due to licensing
         | problems, and I use AMD which I would expect to not have
         | issues.
        
           | tapoxi wrote:
           | The package manager is a little slower but `dnf history` is a
           | lifechanger. It's so easy to list the history of all
           | transactions and undo a specific one. There are huge
           | performance improvements coming in DNF5, scheduled for Fedora
           | 41 (this fall).
        
             | jiripospisil wrote:
             | Is there a downside to just installing the dnf5 package
             | right now? I see it's available for 38+.
        
               | dralley wrote:
               | It's not considered polished enough to make the default.
               | Some functionality isn't reimplemented yet. It's
               | difficult to transition backwards once you've switched.
        
           | oaththrowaway wrote:
           | Try using the flatpak version of browsers. Acceleration
           | should work ootb
        
           | jiripospisil wrote:
           | > I tried getting to Fedora but the package manager was
           | slower even to deb
           | 
           | Try setting "max_parallel_downloads = 20" in
           | "/etc/dnf/dnf.conf" the next time you try (the default is 3
           | which often doesn't saturate the network and is just slowing
           | things down).
        
         | Cu3PO42 wrote:
         | The spins are created by Special Interest Groups from the
         | community. Spins exist if someone is interested in creating and
         | maintaining them, they are not prioritized by the Fedora
         | Project itself.
        
       | sodality2 wrote:
       | Ugh, the Sway/Kinoite Atomic spin is so tempting for me as a
       | regular Fedora user. Two weeks ago, a kernel update borked my
       | laptop, and for some reason it deleted the older versions, so I
       | was forced to live boot, chroot, and install a beta kernel. A few
       | days ago, my _desktop_ stopped booting - something to do with
       | Nvidia drivers, and older kernels don 't help. I don't have the
       | time to try and fix it any time soon.
       | 
       | But, there was definitely pains with this kind of desktop when I
       | tried it last time. Regular old software I want to install via
       | dnf is painful to install - you have to layer it on top of the
       | base image, and then that makes it "nonstandard" basically from
       | then on. I know they push you toward flatpaks, but the vast
       | majority of apps I use don't have it (or I don't prefer using the
       | Flatpak version).
       | 
       | Can anyone give a more recent perspective? It's been about two
       | years - I probably used Fedora Atomic 35/36.
        
         | bryanlarsen wrote:
         | I use Bazzite. It includes nix and fleek, so you can easily
         | install packages from the massive nixos ecosystem.
         | 
         | I then add JetPack's devbox which is another nix porcelain and
         | use it with direnv to install custom packages for each of my
         | projects.
         | 
         | And I have a few distrobox's (toolbox on generic Silverblue) to
         | do things like build Debian packages.
        
           | Santosh83 wrote:
           | Bazzite's sibling Bluefin is specifically meant for
           | developers (the bluefin-dx image) and standard daily driver.
           | Bazzite is targeted more towards gaming and Steam handheld
           | although you can use it as a desktop too.
           | 
           | https://projectbluefin.io/
        
             | Daegalus wrote:
             | I tried Bluefin and it's still early days and such. Also
             | Bluefin has gaming images, so it seems it's weirdly trying
             | to compete with Bazzite.
             | 
             | Also Bazzite has an issue open to make `-dx` images.
             | 
             | It seems both are trying to do it all with a different main
             | focus. Bazzite is Gaming but can do other stuff just as
             | well. Bluefin is Dev but can do others.
             | 
             | I personally find Bazzite more diverse and capable.
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | > a kernel update borked my laptop, and for some reason it
         | deleted the older versions
         | 
         | Deleted older versions? That sounds severe. I hope you filed a
         | bug report if there wasn't one already.
         | 
         | Did you change your installonly_limit?
        
           | sodality2 wrote:
           | Hm, going back and checking the dnf log, I believe the old
           | kernels disappearing was due to chrooting in a few times
           | before, in my efforts to try to force it to install the older
           | kernel. perhaps it cleaned the package cache or otherwise
           | uninstalled/ran autoremove.
        
         | figomore wrote:
         | I'm using Silverblue 39 for about 2 month coming from NixOS
         | Unstable. It's working very well for me. I have some packages
         | layered like Nvidia and fish shell and
         | https://github.com/CheariX/silverblue-akmods-keys for AKMODS
         | modules work with secure boot. Things like neovim, pyright,
         | helix, starship, LSPs and CLI applications I install with brew
         | (brew.sh). For desktop things I use Flatpak.
         | 
         | I had a problem with some Flatpak applications (like Steam and
         | Discord) and brew because brew puts its folder in the $PATH
         | before the default ones (/usr/bin ...) and those Flatpak
         | applications tried to use SSL keys from brew instead of the
         | system ones. I just changed the order of the $PATH to make brew
         | bin path to be after ther system ones.
         | 
         | For VSCode I'm not using the Flatpak I'm using the tarball one
         | I just extract in ~/applications and symlink the code binary in
         | the ~/.local/bin. It's working well, I don't have problem with
         | VSCode not executing LSPs and lint things. The only problem is
         | VSCode from tarball cannot updates itself, so I need to
         | download the newer version and extract to ~/applications. There
         | is this VSCode CLI version
         | (https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/?dv=linux64cli) but I was
         | not able to make it use the wayland backend.
        
           | sodality2 wrote:
           | Ah, glad to hear it's working well! I recall layering issues
           | but I'm going to look into switching over. Thanks :)
        
       | bsimpson wrote:
       | I know that Silverblue and Kinoite are more established, but I
       | would have liked to see a consistent rebrand. "Fedora GNOME
       | Atomic" is a better name for the same reasons that "Fedora Sway
       | Atomic" is.
        
         | Andrex wrote:
         | It would be called "Fedora Workstation Atomic" unless they
         | wanted to rename the Workstation branding too.
         | 
         | Keeping Silverblue makes sense to me with that in mind. I feel
         | like Fedora Kinoite should be renamed though. The one "halo"
         | distro can use a distinct name but everything else should
         | follow the new pattern IMO.
        
           | piaste wrote:
           | Yeah, I've been running Kinoite since it came out and I
           | agree. The name is still very obscure, I'd be happier to just
           | tell people "I run Fedora KDE Atomic".
        
           | curt15 wrote:
           | Silverblue is itself a rebranding of "Fedora Atomic
           | Workstation"
        
       | oaththrowaway wrote:
       | I never tried Fedora before, but a few weeks ago Bluefin got
       | mentioned here and I went down a hole reading about Universal
       | Blue and ended up making my own spin. Love it. Immutable is
       | incredible
        
       | tmountain wrote:
       | I just got into Silverblue (also love Nix), and I really feel
       | that it's the way Linux "should be". I say this as a Linux user
       | since 1999. If you haven't checked it out, imagine that the base
       | (read-only) operating system (drivers, etc) changes in a very
       | controlled and atomic fashion while all your userland stuff is
       | updated via Flatpak (or Distrobox, etc). The odds of breaking
       | your system are virtually zero, and everything works out of the
       | box. It's amazing.
        
         | vundercind wrote:
         | This is similar to the experience (if not so similar on the
         | implementation side) of running MacOS with Homebrew or
         | Macports: the stuff you directly use stays up-to-date, but the
         | base system is separate so it's nigh-impossible to mess
         | anything important up just by updating your user-facing
         | packages. You also don't have to choose between stable-but-old
         | and unstable-and-new--the base OS (including gui!) is stable,
         | the stuff you use can be new, because the two are barely
         | coupled at all.
         | 
         | It's a lot closer to the right way to manage this stuff, for
         | desktop systems, than traditional Linux package management
         | approaches. That approach is _painful_ to go back to, after
         | getting used to this. I'll have to give this a try next time I
         | poke my head into Linux-land.
        
         | dusanh wrote:
         | Does Silverblue have the same plaintext system configuration
         | capabilities like NixOS?
        
       | Cu3PO42 wrote:
       | I knew what Silverblue was and was decently certain about
       | Kinoite, but had heard about neither Onyx nor Sericea. I think
       | the rebranding is a smart move here for both brand recognition
       | and searchability. I might have gone a step further and renamed
       | the Gnome and KDE versions as well.
       | 
       | Beyond the naming change, I'm really excited about those
       | projects. I strongly belive that atomicity is the way to go and
       | believe that eventually many distributions will evolve in that
       | direction. Right now I think the tradeoffs are already worth it,
       | but there may be a ways to go before I'd recommend it as the
       | default for new users. (Even if they might in particular profit
       | from easy error recovery.)
       | 
       | EDIT: I want to add that the easy error recoverability that
       | atomicity provides isn't just important for errors upstream that
       | break one of your upgrades, it also enables much more
       | experimentation. I have learned a lot more Linux systems because
       | I was able to fearlessly tinker with many integral parts that I
       | would never have touched in a traditional system for fear of
       | having to reinstall. After all, if I broke it, all I had to to
       | was to reboot to unbreak it!
        
       | torstenvl wrote:
       | I like the idea of atomic base systems; it's very BSD-like. I may
       | have to give this a try.
        
       | bsimpson wrote:
       | If you're not familiar, the Atomic project is really interesting.
       | Its focus is stability and reproducibility, trying to solve the
       | fragility that can happen when the default way to use software in
       | Linux is `sudo apt-get install`.
       | 
       | There's a community offshoot called Universal Blue (after the
       | original Atomic image Silverblue). It uses the standards set for
       | containerization to make userland configuration reproducible as
       | well. There's a manifest (Containerfile) that enumerates all the
       | modifications, which means an upgrade is bump the version of the
       | base image and replay all the modifications from the manifest.
       | It's also meant to limit `sudo` usage, so you're not in the habit
       | of giving root to random software you downloaded from the
       | internet.
       | 
       | Their most famous image is Bazzite, which will replicate the
       | SteamOS experience on generic hardware. They also have Bluefin
       | for software developers.
       | 
       | I haven't used it myself, but I find the concept fascinating. I
       | expect Jorge and Kyle from that project will find their way to
       | these comments.
        
         | Daegalus wrote:
         | I will say, I prefer Bazzite for dev too.
         | 
         | In general Project Bluefin is newer, but seems to be trying to
         | get into gaming too.
         | 
         | Likewise, Bazzite is considering developer images also. So I
         | might switch to those.
         | 
         | But it's so easy to switch. I currently use Bazzite + Nix +
         | HomeManager + Flatpaks and it has been fantastic. I only layer
         | Tailscale and a few minor things that need be system level to
         | operate right.
        
           | FireInsight wrote:
           | Bluefin is actually older, it's the base that kickstarted the
           | whole development of Universal Blue. They are pretty much as
           | mature, too. Bazzite is more gaming oriented, Bluefin more
           | general purpose. Bazzite is way more popular since gaming
           | attracts people.
        
         | dsr_ wrote:
         | > trying to solve the fragility that can happen when the
         | default way to use software in Linux is `sudo apt-get install`
         | 
         | What fragility is that?
         | 
         | Is it something outlined in
         | https://wiki.debian.org/DontBreakDebian ?
        
           | iknowstuff wrote:
           | "What fragility is that? The one described in detail in this
           | document?"
           | 
           | Yes, indeed it is
        
             | LooseMarmoset wrote:
             | so, installing random software from random repositories
             | equals fragility? that doesn't seem specific to apt at all.
             | however the article is written Fedora-specific, so maybe
             | people don't like to point out that dnf/yum is susceptible
             | to the same problem. In fact, the article doesn't even try
             | to call out apt, or fragility.
             | 
             | There is a use case for immutable distributions, just as
             | there is one for those distributions which are not
             | immutable.
             | 
             | It is dishonest to attribute fragility as a basic flaw in
             | apt, when system fragility is a consequence of ignorance.
        
               | bsimpson wrote:
               | Nobody's saying "apt is fragile." I used it as an example
               | because it's the install command I'm familiar with, and
               | the one I see most often in Linux install instructions.
               | Ubuntu's popularity made it the default package manager
               | when outsiders think "Linux."
        
         | jorvi wrote:
         | > It uses the standards set for containerization to make
         | userland configuration reproducible as well. There's a manifest
         | (Containerfile) that enumerates all the modifications, which
         | means an upgrade is bump the version of the base image and
         | replay all the modifications from the manifest.
         | 
         | Is the containerfile syntax and reproducibility as good as
         | configuration.nix / NixOS?
         | 
         | I love NixOS but it's a very acquired taste, to the point where
         | even I occasionally wish I was running something bog-standard.
         | If this is similar to NixOS but closer to regular Linux, that'd
         | be nice to recommend to friends.
        
           | bsimpson wrote:
           | I've only used NixOS, but the Containerfile looks more like a
           | shell script than a Nix config:
           | 
           | https://github.com/ublue-os/bazzite/blob/main/Containerfile
        
             | carlhjerpe wrote:
             | That looks like something I wouldn't wanna use, all
             | imperative
        
               | detuur wrote:
               | Same. I can't be the only one who feels that Nix is doing
               | the right thing the wrong way. The right thing being
               | reproducible, declarative, composable environments; the
               | wrong thing being its language and tooling. Too often I
               | feel like serious Nix users spend a distressing amount of
               | time manually doing package manager tasks, so the way
               | forward is to stop doing exactly that. Going back to
               | imperative composition is a step backward that will never
               | help people free up time away from package management.
        
             | NewJazz wrote:
             | Containerfile is just what the IBM containers group calls a
             | Dockerfile. They are 99% compatible.
        
             | arrakeen wrote:
             | AS incomprehensible && \            as nix can be && \
             | i would take it && \            any day over && \
             | configuring a desktop OS && \            with the horrible
             | && \            Dockerfile syntax
        
           | LelouBil wrote:
           | It's not as exactly reproducible because there's no version
           | locking, however after running the Containerfile you have a
           | snapshot of the filesystem that is ready to be used and that
           | you can save. Universal blue images use GitHub container
           | registry, and it's 90 days of history to have at least 90
           | days of rollbacks available.
           | 
           | I'm currently setting up a Bazzite machine by using a GitHub
           | actions to build every day an image from Bazzite's image and
           | adding/removing packages and files on top. I have the DE,
           | login manager and all its customizations in the image and for
           | the CLI utilities and thing like that I use home manager.
           | 
           | I like this setup because you just need to know Linux to
           | customize the image, Containerfile's are just series of
           | commands or file copies from the repo, compared to nix it's
           | easier.
        
             | jorvi wrote:
             | Thank you for the info!
        
         | LooseMarmoset wrote:
         | Can you explain what you mean by:
         | 
         | "the fragility that can happen when the default way to use
         | software in Linux is `sudo apt-get install`"
        
           | iknowstuff wrote:
           | Every package can do whatever it wants to your system,
           | upgrades fail when surprising config changes occur, and it
           | all hinges on maintainers knowledge of the state of the
           | distro as well as the software they're packaging
        
           | Etheryte wrote:
           | This issue is not specific to Linux and anyone who's worked
           | in development should be pretty familiar with it. You get
           | onboarded to project A which requires Node, okay, you install
           | Node. Some time later you get onboarded to project B which
           | requires a different version of Node. Fine, get nvm and jump
           | between different versions of Node. A bit later you're asked
           | to help out on legacy project C, which only works with Python
           | 2, while you also need Python 3 for newer stuff. After that
           | it's only a matter of time until you need something which
           | requires Homebrew and then all the cards are off the table.
           | Etc.
        
           | saltcured wrote:
           | Yeah, I am wondering the same. Is this referring to some kind
           | of versioning conflict (like the old Windows DLL Hell)? Does
           | that regularly happen in any Linux distribution repository?
           | Or is this a matter of people going cowboy and mixing in
           | other random repositories on top of the distro? I see the
           | whole role of the distribution maintainers being to provide a
           | self-consistent repository that doesn't have this kind of
           | problem.
           | 
           | And as a long-time Fedora user, I don't think I've seen such
           | conflicts with the moral equivalent yum/dnf command. But, I
           | am somewhat rigid about not adding third party repos or RPMs
           | to my systems. The only two exceptions I've come to accept
           | are repos from rpmfusion.org and postgresql.org.
           | 
           | While I have certainly seen some bugs in Fedora over the
           | decades, I don't see how some "atomic" solution helps here
           | unless it means reorganizing the community QA resources to
           | test some "minor releases" which batch together a set of
           | package updates, versus trying to support continuous
           | integration where each package can update individually. That
           | would actually worry me though, as my own career experiences
           | cause me to prefer continuous-integration approaches like the
           | traditional Fedora distribution.
        
             | bravetraveler wrote:
             | > But, I am somewhat rigid about not adding third party
             | repos or RPMs to my systems.
             | 
             | This is the reason why packages seem so stable, you're
             | deliberately staying within a well-tested ecosystem.
             | 
             | Fedora release upgrades probably go well for you also!
             | 
             | Packages themselves are a perfectly fine distribution
             | method _[under the same guidance]_.
             | 
             | Once you start mixing packaging spec guidelines; packages
             | of varying quality, you end up wanting compartmentalization
             | like containers/bubblewrap
             | 
             | Off the cuff example: Fedora makes heavy use of macros in
             | their RPM specs. Most third party packages don't.
        
         | rcarmo wrote:
         | Bazzite is pretty great (I have set up a Steam streaming VM
         | using it). I am also using Silverblue as an ML sandbox, with
         | good results.
        
       | kaylynb wrote:
       | I really like Silverblue and run it on a couple of secondary
       | machines (like in my workshop), but it's still rough for anything
       | off the beaten path.
       | 
       | The largest pain points for me:
       | 
       | - Any kernel modules. I know Ublue has images but I wish Red Hat
       | would just have an official solution that doesn't require hacky
       | RPMs and such.
       | 
       | - Kernel cmdline args or any initramfs changes: can't package in
       | image and need to be applied manually. Maybe it's possible to
       | build a custom initramfs to distribute?
       | 
       | - Secure boot and enrolling moks is very annoying. My current
       | workstation just uses sbctl to sign a UKI against custom keys and
       | everything "just works". This is part of why kernel modules are a
       | pain in Silverblue too.
       | 
       | If you don't care about kernel modules with secure boot it's
       | quite nice though. Practically zero maintenance.
        
         | candiddevmike wrote:
         | After working with these types of systems, I'm convinced we
         | need a new type of package manager that works with overlays and
         | merges package databases somehow. That way you can update the
         | underlying image (at your own peril, maybe) and have the
         | overlay package manager see the new versions. Constantly
         | rebuilding everything when the underlying changes is a waste.
        
           | colordrops wrote:
           | Nix?
        
             | candiddevmike wrote:
             | AFAIK Nix wouldn't solve this as it has the same issue
             | (/nix/var/nix/db). Here's a scenario to better illustrate:
             | 
             | I'm using systemd nspawn with my host root as a lowerdir
             | overlay. In this container I install some packages not
             | present on the host. The overlay upperdir now includes the
             | new packages _and the new package database_. I upgrade my
             | host, and now the nspawn package database is wildly out of
             | date because overlay doesn 't track line-level file
             | changes.
             | 
             | OverlayFS is really handy but it causes a ton of churn from
             | rebuilding everything.
        
         | jwells89 wrote:
         | The kernel modules problem really highlights why the push to do
         | more in userspace in recent years increasingly makes sense.
         | Hope to see more kernel changes to support this push.
        
       | nycticorax wrote:
       | So can anyone help me understand why RedHat/Fedora has a
       | containerized solution for desktop apps (flatpak), but nothing
       | like that for CLI apps? It seems... odd.
        
         | Comma2976 wrote:
         | I believe toolbx is supposed to fill that gap, if not normal
         | containers
        
         | Daegalus wrote:
         | Toolbx, Distrobix, Nix are supposed to fill that usecase.
        
         | dralley wrote:
         | Because it was already considered a solved problem. You can use
         | standard containers for that sort of thing, so why reinvent
         | that wheel.
        
       | colordrops wrote:
       | WTF is a "spin"
        
         | thesuperbigfrog wrote:
         | A Fedora distro with a different desktop (or sometimes a
         | specialized purpose):
         | 
         | https://fedoraproject.org/spins/
        
       | smm11 wrote:
       | Don't use immutable distros on machines you might need for
       | bootable disc or bootable thumb-drive use in the future. Found
       | that out the hard way.
        
         | Santosh83 wrote:
         | What's the catch?
        
         | lproven wrote:
         | > need for bootable disc or bootable thumb-drive use
         | 
         | What does this mean?
        
       | dabber21 wrote:
       | I'm using Silverblue for 2 years now it is very nice to consume
       | things, but it gets tedious when you want to some development, so
       | I really just use it to play Steam games (flatpak), watch videos
       | and browse the internet.
       | 
       | never had any issues so far for those use cases
       | 
       | its definitely something I'd install for my parents
        
         | FireInsight wrote:
         | I'm having a blast doing dev on Silverblue! I've got Nix and
         | Devbox installed for reproducible per-project shell
         | environments with just the right packages, which feels really
         | reliable. I also have a distrobox with some general-purpose
         | dev-related packages incase I just need to quickly compile
         | something. Overall a better experience than installing all
         | devtools systemwide IMO.
        
           | dabber21 wrote:
           | yes, devbox is definitely something I will try!
        
         | piaste wrote:
         | All my dev stuff, editors included, is in a Debian distrobox -
         | since that's usually well supported by tooling, but you could
         | also go with Ubuntu for even better support and/or Nix for more
         | obscure packages.
         | 
         | GUI applications work fine from a distrobox and it makes the
         | integration very painless (eg. VSCodium extensions). You can
         | export them with a built-in command and it will even create a
         | regular desktop entry for them.
        
       | butz wrote:
       | Why not have single generic "Atomic" version and provide desktop
       | environment as selection during installation? Like Debian does.
       | Or is DE so tightly coupled into images, that it cannot be
       | replaced?
        
         | Santosh83 wrote:
         | Fedora immutable distros are image based, so yes, the base
         | system is a pre-made unit, over which you can layer minor
         | packages but not something as extensive as an alternative DE.
         | Hence so many spins, as well as separate versions for stuff
         | like Nvidia cards, Asus machines and so on.
        
       | depingus wrote:
       | Questions for Silverblue / Atomic Users:
       | 
       | I tried Silverblue a couple years ago and found myself rpm-ostree
       | layering some basic tools like Fish shell and Mosh. Is layering
       | still the preferred method for installing these types of tools or
       | do you have "generic" container (made with toolbox/distrobox)
       | that you jump into for generic shell work in like ssh'ing around
       | and file management?
       | 
       | Also, how do you handle things like custom services? For example,
       | Nebula overlay network doesn't really have an installer. Its just
       | a single binary. I manually put that in /usr/local/bin, put the
       | configs in /etc/nebula, chmod those configs to hide them, update
       | selinux, and create a service file for it. How would I do that in
       | an immutable system?
        
         | jcastro wrote:
         | `/usr/local` is writeable so no change there, that should work
         | fine. I keep a container as my "day to day" linux and just have
         | my terminal autolaunch into mine. You can use any distro's
         | container for this so it's personal preference.
         | 
         | I'm using Prompt, it's a new terminal designed to make the
         | toolbox/distrobox flow much nicer:
         | https://gitlab.gnome.org/chergert/prompt
         | 
         | It's still relatively new so it isn't on flathub yet but it
         | makes everything mostly seamless.
        
           | depingus wrote:
           | Good to know. Thanks for the info! I'll be keeping on eye on
           | Prompt.
        
       | latentcall wrote:
       | I use Fedora KDE as my laptop distro and have been interested in
       | Silverblue/immutable versions. However I am not a developer so
       | I'm not sure if it would offer any real benefit to my use case.
       | Mostly use my laptop for web browsing and file transfers to my
       | NAS.
       | 
       | I've seen people say that immutable is the future of Linux, can
       | someone explain that if they can?
       | 
       | Does that mean one day all versions of Fedora will be immutable?
       | Is it a security benefit?
        
         | byproxy wrote:
         | In my limited experience, I'd say the immutable spins are even
         | better for non-developers. Getting developer tooling going in
         | Silverblue was enough of a hassle for me to disregard it, for
         | the time being.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2024-02-09 23:02 UTC)