[HN Gopher] The Burial of William the Conqueror: A Comedy of Errors
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       The Burial of William the Conqueror: A Comedy of Errors
        
       Author : diodorus
       Score  : 90 points
       Date   : 2024-01-31 20:09 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (strangeco.blogspot.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (strangeco.blogspot.com)
        
       | sandworm101 wrote:
       | This fiasco is infamous, but such situations at the death of a
       | ruler were not unusual. The lines between "King" and "Warlord"
       | are small. At the time, non-violent transitions of power were the
       | exception. When such a person dies it is normal for everyone to
       | panic. Anyone owed money, and the King owed everyone money, would
       | grab what they could in full knowledge that the dead ruler's
       | debts were unlikely to ever be paid. Even stripping the body was
       | not extreme. A king's daily clothing could easily be worth many
       | years wages for a servant. Everyone would retreat to their homes
       | in full knowledge that armies would soon be on the roads.
       | Valuables would be buried and livestock taken to higher pastures
       | out of sight. Ships would put to sea. It was always a time of
       | fear.
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | A king is just a nepo-warlord.
        
           | actionfromafar wrote:
           | Sometimes kings were elected, though. (Typically not by the
           | general population, but by a clique of influental people, so
           | I guess your point stands.)
        
             | grotorea wrote:
             | If you're calling elected kings nepo-warlords I don't think
             | calling a king elected by the ~~petty warlords~~ warrior
             | nobility a first warlord is a stretch.
        
             | Someone wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elective_monarchy
        
       | kitd wrote:
       | Good story, retold in typical style by Horrible Histories here:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=289IDfmm8fM
       | 
       | A bit OT, but "The Last English King" by Julian Rathbone is an
       | excellent historical novel surrounding the Battle of Hastings,
       | told from a Saxon PoV. It's funny that even now, nearly 1000
       | years later, Hastings is generally felt from an English view as a
       | defeat, despite being the founding event of the English monarchy.
       | As alluded to in the video above.
        
         | stvltvs wrote:
         | Alfred the Great et al. would beg to differ about Hastings
         | being the beginning of the English monarchy rather than the
         | beginning of the Norman monarchy.
        
           | grotorea wrote:
           | Favourite part of the historiography of England:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_yoke
        
             | arethuza wrote:
             | There is an amusing part of Michael Wood's excellent _In
             | Search of England_ about the Norman Yoke. While at school
             | he had written a letter to Bernard Montgomery ( "Monty")
             | and was summoned to the House of Lords to debate the matter
             | with the great man - he only realises fairly late on that
             | of course Montgomery is from a Norman background (descended
             | from Roger of Montgomery) while as a Wood he was from
             | humble Anglo-Saxon stock.
        
           | arethuza wrote:
           | Didn't Alfred describe himself as "King of the Anglo-Saxons"
           | rather than "King of England" - a very minor point but it
           | reminds me of the title "King of Scots" - the Scots being
           | incomers to what become Scotland in a similar way that the
           | Anglo-Saxon "English" were incomers to what became England?
        
             | jccooper wrote:
             | Alfred was styled "King of the Anglo-Saxons"; his grandson
             | and (indirect) successor AEthelstan was first styled "King
             | of the English". The same kingdom was taken by William I,
             | who also styled himself "King of the English", as would be
             | common amongst the Normans until John.
             | 
             | While Alfred may have borne a different title, he held the
             | same office as the (later) Kings of England.
        
       | nerdponx wrote:
       | > According to the historian Orderic Vitalis, William moaned on
       | his deathbed, "I treated the native inhabitants of the kingdom
       | with unreasonable severity, cruelly oppressed high and low,
       | unjustly disinherited many, and caused the death of thousands by
       | starvation and war, especially in Yorkshire....In mad fury I
       | descended on the English of the north like a raging lion, and
       | ordered that their homes and crops with all their equipment and
       | furnishings should be burnt at once and their great flocks and
       | herds of sheep and cattle slaughtered everywhere. So I chastised
       | a great multitude of men and women with the lash of starvation
       | and, alas! was the cruel murderer of many thousands, both young
       | and old, of this fair people."
       | 
       | This is an interesting contrast with leaders like Genghis Khan,
       | who seemed to think (or at least portray to others) that his
       | actions were not only acceptable but noble and religiously
       | desirable.
       | 
       | It'd be interesting to see a study of regret and non-regret among
       | conquerors throughout the ages. Do we have other examples of
       | this, or does William stand out among his contemporaries and
       | predecessors?
        
         | aredox wrote:
         | How reliable is this, though? Many people (especially religious
         | ones) around him were best placed to pretend he turned very
         | remorseful.
        
           | graemep wrote:
           | Would they make it up though? Depends on motives and it is
           | likely he died with many people with different motives around
           | him. Some would want to condemn his violence, but others
           | would want to justify it as their holdings would depend on
           | it.
        
             | munificent wrote:
             | Probably because:
             | 
             |  _> He had gifts sent to the local churches and to the
             | poor, "so that what I amassed through evil deeds may be
             | assigned to the holy uses of good men. " Some of his wealth
             | also went to the clergymen of Mantes, so the churches he
             | had destroyed could be rebuilt._
             | 
             | I can definitely imagine some bishop or cardinal pilfering
             | the king's treasure room while claiming the king decreed it
             | out of remorse.
        
               | graemep wrote:
               | You can imagine it but its a less probable explanation.
               | 
               | It was common to leave things to the church and the poor
               | so there was no need to make up the story to justify it.
               | It is likely that a dishonest claim would be challenged
               | by someone given that he said the same things to
               | "everyone".
        
               | Gibbon1 wrote:
               | I don't know if I can summarize as what some historian
               | said about rulers in the middle ages. But I'll take a go
               | at it.
               | 
               | Question: Were rulers callous and violent or were they
               | pious and fearful of being judged in the afterlife?
               | 
               | Ans: Yes.
               | 
               | Also I do remember a reference to an actual will by a
               | knight who renounced his crimes and left a bunch of his
               | wealth to charity. I think it's hard to understand how
               | back then the system, especially for a member of the
               | ruling class, was more like the mafia than what we
               | experience today. As such it'd be hard for someone not to
               | get caught up in it.
        
             | sethrin wrote:
             | Yes, people would simply invent things, or a similar
             | process with the same effect. The idea of history as some
             | sort of neutral record of events is itself historically
             | novel, and most of our sources around the Norman Conquest
             | has a very pronounced slant one way or the other.
             | Chroniclers generally were also using a great deal of
             | secondhand information (at best). In the given instance,
             | Orderic Vitalis was cloistered and more or less explicitly
             | writing propaganda for William.
        
         | graemep wrote:
         | The other great example as the Emperor Ashoka who regretted the
         | suffering caused by his wars of conquest in his lifetime.
        
         | sorokod wrote:
         | The contrast is likely due to the different religions William
         | and Temujin practiced.
         | 
         | Christianity was an awkward fit to the ethos of the Germanic
         | nobility.
        
           | Bayart wrote:
           | Christianity has been reframed in the context of Roman
           | militarism from its very beginning as an official religion.
           | It's in the myth itself, Constantine converting at the
           | Milvian Bridge. The end result being a system of beliefs
           | that's both socially conscious and allows for violence on
           | behalf of the State. Pre-Christian religion in the Empire was
           | weaker in that sense, as it was mostly concerned with
           | ritualizing arbitrary decisions. It was a good fit for
           | Germanic warriors trying to upgrade to Late Roman land-
           | owners.
        
             | sorokod wrote:
             | Yet, you see William and many other medieval rulers,
             | panicking and repenting on their deathbeds.
        
               | saiya-jin wrote:
               | Almost as if, morality is something ingrained in every
               | human being in some way, maybe as some higher rules of
               | overall fairness. And fairness is something I can see in
               | our small kids, they didn't have to be taught that.
               | 
               | Or maybe medieval catholicism with their rather primitive
               | views and morals would instill proper fear in everybody.
               | Which was then often overcome ie by greed or envy, but
               | never could go completely away.
        
               | sethrin wrote:
               | No, you see _accounts_ of that happening, and setting
               | aside problems with veracity, you don 't necessarily have
               | a good handle on frequency.
        
           | nerdponx wrote:
           | > The contrast is likely due to the different religions
           | William and Temujin practiced.
           | 
           | This was my initial gut reaction as well, but then I
           | remembered the incredible violence and devastation that
           | Christian Europeans brought upon themselves and others over
           | the last 1500 years. How many of those kings, popes, and
           | other leaders expressed similar regret on their deathbeds?
        
             | tut-urut-utut wrote:
             | > This was my initial gut reaction as well, but then I
             | remembered the incredible violence and devastation that
             | Christian Europeans brought upon themselves and others over
             | the last 1500 years.
             | 
             | Don't generalise to all European Christians. It was the
             | west European Catholic and Protestant Christians. Orthodox
             | Christians were and are up to these days much more
             | civilised society.
        
         | avgcorrection wrote:
         | > This is an interesting contrast with leaders like Genghis
         | Khan, who seemed to think (or at least portray to others) that
         | his actions were not only acceptable but noble and religiously
         | desirable.
         | 
         | Didn't the Muslims or Christians (or both) think that the
         | Mongols were the Wrath of God? I'd definitely lean into that.
        
           | photonthug wrote:
           | Atilla was known as the scourge of God, but opinions are
           | still divided on whether the name or the man or tribe was
           | Germanic, Mongol, or other. Seems likely they were a
           | surprisingly heterogenous lot, literally mongrels.
           | Fascinating and surprising how little we know for sure.
           | Source: insomniac Wikipedia binges
        
             | avgcorrection wrote:
             | That's a cool aside but Attila rampaged many centuries
             | before the Mongols.
        
               | photonthug wrote:
               | Right, and it makes me wonder whether the great Khans in
               | their time knew more about Atilla than we do. Things like
               | leveraging religion to spread intimidation might be part
               | of the playbook they copied, or might just be convergent
               | evolution, hard to say. Any modern would certainly think
               | of it, but back in the day it seems pretty innovative
        
           | dreen wrote:
           | There is a quote attributed to Genghis Khan:
           | 
           | 'I am the flail of god. Had you not comitted great sins, god
           | would not have sent a punishment like me upon you.'
           | 
           | Considering how total the destruction was that the Mongols
           | visited on the conquered, it is almost believable. And
           | likewise, them not invading Europe was considered to be
           | divine intervention.
           | 
           | The Mongols believed the world was meant to be theirs, by
           | divine right. Saying No to a Mongol when he asks you for
           | something (eg your land or daughter) was considered a
           | religious offense.
        
             | evanjrowley wrote:
             | The idea that divine intervention places limits on rulers,
             | like Genghis Kahn, could be supported by Genesis 20:3-7,
             | where a king is prevented from sinning through divine
             | intervention.
        
       | jbandela1 wrote:
       | On the other hand he did go from being known as "William the
       | Bastard" to being known as "William the Conqueror".
       | 
       | It is also illustrative of the advances in medical science. As
       | one of the richest, most powerful men in the world, William could
       | only wait for the inevitable horrible death which took 5 weeks to
       | happen from the date of injury to when he died. Today, these
       | kinds of injuries and worse are routinely treated in trauma
       | centers all across the world.
        
         | sandworm101 wrote:
         | I have heard that his bloated abdomen needed to be "pierced" to
         | get him into the coffin, which no doubt released a horrible
         | stench. But I like to think that someone had the honor of
         | actually stabbing the King, that someone from the "bastard"
         | line of thinking enjoyed doing so.
        
           | saiya-jin wrote:
           | you didn't read the article, did you
        
             | sandworm101 wrote:
             | I did. I've read of this incident many many times. Anyone
             | who has studied British history has read several versions
             | and translations, each slightly different.
        
         | inglor_cz wrote:
         | "As one of the richest, most powerful men in the world, William
         | could only wait for the inevitable horrible death which took 5
         | weeks to happen from the date of injury to when he died."
         | 
         | True, but it is also true that the richest, most powerful
         | people of today still die after weeks of agony because of
         | conditions we cannot treat. At best, we can sedate them a bit
         | to make their passing easier.
         | 
         | People from the 23rd century will likely pity us just as much
         | as we pity medieval people.
        
       | Bayart wrote:
       | On the subject, there's an excellent Youtube channel ran by a
       | medievalist named Dr. Allan Barton dedicated to the very specific
       | subject of aristocratic (in particular royal and British) funeral
       | practices.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/@allanbarton
        
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