[HN Gopher] Real estate giant China Evergrande will be liquidated
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       Real estate giant China Evergrande will be liquidated
        
       Author : ChrisArchitect
       Score  : 170 points
       Date   : 2024-01-29 02:31 UTC (20 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nytimes.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nytimes.com)
        
       | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
       | What will the creditors even get? Unfinished projects? That seems
       | like more of a burden than anything. Zoinks!
        
         | seanmcdirmid wrote:
         | It's worse than that. They have unfinished projects with units
         | that have already been bought on mortgage. You have people
         | making monthly payments for unfinished apartments (and I don't
         | mean just unrenovated, which is expected).
         | 
         | That guy who was banned from trading in Hong Kong in 2016 for
         | shorting the stock in 2012 must feel vindicated, at least.
        
           | voisin wrote:
           | Jim Chanos?
        
             | seanmcdirmid wrote:
             | No, Andrew Left. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_L
             | eft#:~:text=In%202016%... and
             | https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/andrew-
             | left-...
             | 
             | Basically, the Hong Kong stock exchange is increasingly a
             | scam as well.
        
               | mcphage wrote:
               | > "The finest line of poetry ever uttered in the history
               | of this whole damn country was said by Canada Bill Jones
               | in 1853, in Baton Rouge, while he was being robbed blind
               | in a crooked game of faro. George Devol, who was, like
               | Canada Bill, not a man who was averse to fleecing the odd
               | sucker, drew Bill aside and asked him if he couldn't see
               | that the game was crooked. And Canada Bill sighed, and
               | shrugged his shoulders, and said, 'I know. But it's the
               | only game in town.' And he went back to the game." --
               | Neil Gaiman
        
           | ratg13 wrote:
           | You neglect to mention that they are unfinished on purpose.
           | 
           | In reality these "homes" are nothing more than a concrete box
           | for legal/tax reasons.
           | 
           | These are second or third "homes" for people that were
           | purchased as a poor investment.
           | 
           | The investors should eat the losses.
        
             | seanmcdirmid wrote:
             | Many of them aren't second homes. The ones in the ghost
             | cities sure, but Evergrande has (had?) more legit projects
             | that were designed as actual housing. In any case, given
             | that the mainland stock market is pretty much known as a
             | sham, real estate has been the only investment option for
             | much of the middle class. Investors "eating" their losses
             | basically means huge widespread social upheaval in China.
             | Imagine everyone being equivalent to their 401k going belly
             | up, that wouldn't be pretty.
        
               | greenhexagon wrote:
               | There is much about China that I don't understand, but
               | I'm curious about the ownership in the "ghost cities".
               | 
               | Given the ability of the CCP to significantly control
               | major industries and movement of people, is it not
               | possible that someone might buy an apartment in a "ghost
               | city" while living in a rural area or renting in another
               | city, expecting that people and jobs would flow to the
               | city once it was completed?
               | 
               | Basically I don't really understand all the details,
               | nuance and different corporate and governmental players
               | involved in the "ghost city" phenomenon, but I'd almost
               | expect that the government could make a "ghost city" into
               | a "real city" in no time, by shutting down factories in
               | one city and opening them there, or by changing internal
               | migration restrictions.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | That is certainly the less cynical take.
               | 
               | Few real people buy homes knowing with certainty they
               | would remain empty. People speculated on new development,
               | future growth, and induced demand. For some reason,
               | people online like to make them martyrs or idiots. lots
               | of schadenfreude.
               | 
               | The reality is a lot more mundane. They were just a risky
               | investment bubble that popped.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | The Chinese government isn't as powerful as you think it
               | is, nor as centralized. All of these ghost cities (more
               | like ghost districts) are local government driven, so the
               | central government doesn't care much to fill them. The
               | local governments can push state activity there, like as
               | happened in Ordos (city) and kangbashi (ghost district of
               | city), but they can't really control the rest of the
               | economic activity needed to make it a thriving place. In
               | Ordos's case, the downfall of coal is going to depress
               | the city no matter what, the central government won't
               | bother to save them.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >Given the ability of the CCP to significantly control
               | major industries and movement of people, is it not
               | possible that someone might buy an apartment in a "ghost
               | city" while living in a rural area or renting in another
               | city, expecting that people and jobs would flow to the
               | city once it was completed?
               | 
               | Seems like it?
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Under-
               | occupied_developments_in...
               | 
               | >Many developments initially criticized as ghost cities
               | did materialize into economically vibrant areas when
               | given enough time to develop, such as Pudong, Zhujiang
               | New Town, Zhengdong New Area, Tianducheng and malls such
               | as the Golden Resources Mall and South China Mall.[15]
               | While many developments failed to live up to initial
               | lofty promises, most of them eventually became occupied
               | when given enough time.[6][16]
               | 
               | >Reporting in 2018, Shepard noted that "Today, China's
               | so-called ghost cities that were so prevalently showcased
               | in 2013 and 2014 are no longer global intrigues. They
               | have filled up to the point of being functioning, normal
               | cities".[17]
               | 
               | >Writing in 2023, academic and former UK diplomat Kerry
               | Brown described the idea of Chinese ghost cities as a
               | bandwagon popular in the 2010s which was shown to be a
               | myth.[18]: 151-152
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | Kangbashi is never filling up like they planned, simply
               | because coal is no longer booming like it once was. You
               | can only do so much when the trend you were hoping for
               | doesn't pan out. It's a district designed for a few
               | million holding up at 50k or so.
               | 
               | Tianjin will always have a few ghost districts and
               | skyscrapers. They eventually fill up after a decade or
               | two or are razed for something else. It was like that
               | when I first visited China in 1999 as well.
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | https://archive.vn/uX5LB
        
         | neonate wrote:
         | http://web.archive.org/web/20240129132022/https://www.nytime...
        
       | pama wrote:
       | I hope this event has limited international implications, but I'm
       | afraid it may be a mess.
        
         | jacknews wrote:
         | I remember reading a couple of analyses that suggested they
         | were shifting a lot of the debt out of China, on to
         | international investors, so thay'd be taking the hit. I guess
         | they completed that process.
         | 
         | Edit: should have read the piece - it seems this is exactly
         | what they did - dangled (or at least, failed to deny) the
         | prospect a government bailout, to offload the debt to
         | international speculators.
        
           | klipklop wrote:
           | Ooof you would have to be a massive fool to take on the debt
           | hoping the Chinese government would pay you, a foreign debt
           | holder, back.
        
       | s1artibartfast wrote:
       | I cant help but recall a 2015 Peter Theil interview with Tyler
       | Cowen [1] where he talked about the black magic predictive power
       | of company names. Hard to unsee a company called "ever bigger"
       | getting overextended.
       | 
       | https://conversationswithtyler.com/episodes/peter-thiel/
        
         | aspenmayer wrote:
         | There's a word for that self-fulfilling prophetic
         | philosophical/hypothetical principle: nominative determinism.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominative_determinism
        
           | anotherhue wrote:
           | For a long time I thought Bernie Madoff was a joke on this
           | because he 'made off' with everyone's money.
           | 
           | It's almost as bad as the people who gave Ponzi their money
           | despite the hint being right there in his name /s
        
           | downvotetruth wrote:
           | That is two words or a phrase. Also, it is understood to
           | refer to the names of people and not all countries are known
           | to be liberal as some in the legal equality of incorporated
           | entities - maybe alethonym or an orthonym. More practically,
           | in the US the SEC could take the initiative and at least
           | extend https://www.sec.gov/news/statement/lizarraga-
           | statement-names... to some of the absurd ticker names
           | especially given the desire to focus on humorless freeway
           | postings.
        
             | aspenmayer wrote:
             | > That is two words or a phrase.
             | 
             | In a word: no. Specifically, it's a compound word
             | (singular).
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_(linguistics)
        
               | calrain wrote:
               | I think this example is called an open compound word, or
               | a phrase.
        
               | aspenmayer wrote:
               | Yes, an open compound word, not two words in this
               | technical context. Not a phrase, per se, which seems odd
               | to me also, but in this linguistic context, words, uh,
               | have meaning. /s
               | 
               | From the Wikipedia link I posted above, especially the
               | last quoted line:
               | 
               | > Compounding occurs when two or more words or signs are
               | joined to make a longer word or sign. If the joining of
               | the words or signs is orthographically represented with a
               | hyphen, the result is a hyphenated compound (e.g., must-
               | have, hunter-gatherer). If they are joined without an
               | intervening space, it is a closed compound (e.g.,
               | footpath, blackbird). If they are joined with a space
               | (e.g. school bus, high school, lowest common
               | denominator), then the result - at least in English - may
               | be an open compound. A group of words that is not a
               | compound is a phrase.
        
               | downvotetruth wrote:
               | With very few exceptions, English compound words are
               | stressed on their first component stem; yet, stress
               | appears both on the first syllable of NOM-uh-nuh-tiv and
               | the dih-TUR verb portion.
        
       | colesantiago wrote:
       | Great news.
       | 
       | Hopefully this causes bitcoin and crypto to crash all the way
       | below $10,000.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | What's the mechanism?
        
           | dheera wrote:
           | It was suspected that a lot of USDT is backed by Evergrande
           | notes, though they have denied it. Evergrande liquidation may
           | cause a USDT liquidation and cause USDT to lose peg. There
           | are often idiots that will drag the rest of crypto including
           | bitcoin with it, though.
        
             | jdewerd wrote:
             | 5% on $100B can patch one hell of a balance sheet hole.
        
             | pstrateman wrote:
             | That kind of thing has usually had the opposite effect.
             | 
             | If USDT is worthless then you want to sell it, causing the
             | price of Bitcoin to rise on those exchanges.
        
               | dheera wrote:
               | If you sell it for BTC, yes, though it's more likely
               | people will get spooked of crypto and sell it for USD.
        
               | cko wrote:
               | If USDT can no longer be redeemed for USD, then people
               | may buy BTC instead?
        
               | littlestymaar wrote:
               | Why would someone accept your USDT and give you bitcoin
               | if USDT is de-pegged and worthless?
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | De-pegged is just any value less than $1. If USDT is 50%
               | collateralized, maybe it is worth $0.50, which is de-
               | pegged but not worthless.
        
               | Phlarp wrote:
               | We said we were 100% collateralized, actually it's only
               | 50% but you can trust us that it really is 50%
               | collateralized this time and we aren't lying again.
               | Transact with trust!
        
               | cko wrote:
               | Perhaps as the mass USD redemptions start to fail, there
               | is a window of opportunity to buy BTC before exchanges
               | put a stop to it.
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | Isn't the point of USDT that the vast majority of its
               | holders are locked out of USD? They can liquidate to BTC
               | but it is unclear that they can actually get USD out.
        
               | dheera wrote:
               | It would be nice if the market worked that way and every
               | coin helped each other out as a "crypto team" to beat out
               | fiat together, but the reality is BTC holders are
               | probably going to be spooked and not give you much BTC
               | for your USDT.
               | 
               | And then everyone gets spooked of crypto as a whole and
               | sells for fiat.
               | 
               | Basically whenever "shit" happens all of crypto goes
               | down.
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | I don't think this is responsive to my comment. You
               | wrote:
               | 
               | > it's more likely people will get spooked of crypto and
               | sell [USDT] for USD.
               | 
               | I don't think (the vast majority of) USDT holders _can_
               | sell for USD fiat -- because they are locked out of the
               | US financial system for one reason or another. That is,
               | actually, the reason they are holding USDT instead. They
               | can (try) to exit via BTC, and maybe they can cash out
               | for some other fiat currency. Just not USD.
        
             | rekttrader wrote:
             | USDT is the 25th largest holder of T-bills. This is a bit
             | of bullshit fud.
        
               | datadrivenangel wrote:
               | If they only have 50% of the money they need, they're
               | still missing half, even if that half is huge.
        
               | timmytokyo wrote:
               | Tether is an unaudited black box, so no one really knows
               | what their reserves are composed of. Tether's also been
               | caught lying about their reserves numerous times [1], so
               | it would be insane to think they're a credible store of
               | value. Given their history and opaqueness, it's
               | reasonable to assume shenanigans.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.dirtybubblemedia.com/p/examining-tethers-
               | secret-...
        
             | HWR_14 wrote:
             | Why would the USDT tell anyone if they were no longer
             | backed 1:1?
        
         | rossdavidh wrote:
         | I think if it had happened two years ago, this would have been
         | the result, because at that time Tether was mostly in Chinese
         | bonds (rumor has it), and Tether supported a large part of
         | total bitcoin trade volume.
         | 
         | However, it is possible that they have spent the last two years
         | rotating out of Chinese bonds into T-bills. In fact, it's
         | pretty likely that they have tried to do that; the question is
         | how well they've been able to.
        
           | rossdavidh wrote:
           | For those interested in more background: https://crypto-
           | anonymous-2021.medium.com/the-bit-short-insid...
        
         | yread wrote:
         | Best outcome would be housing getting cheaper. One can dream
        
       | spywaregorilla wrote:
       | Long time comin. Sounds like its only going to hit the non-china
       | stuff though? How does that compare in terms of value? I would
       | wager without much special insight that the bulk of their worst
       | underwater assets are in china.
        
         | datadrivenangel wrote:
         | Contagion will be non-zero. World economy may not fall apart
         | over this, but there will be some sympathy bubble bursting I
         | think.
        
           | spywaregorilla wrote:
           | sorry I meant purely within the scope of evergrande and their
           | "non china stuff"
        
       | nwah1 wrote:
       | The question is then whether they actually have enough assets to
       | pay their debts.
        
         | more_corn wrote:
         | Ooh! I got this one. They do not.
        
           | seanmcdirmid wrote:
           | The bigger question is if China is going to prioritize local
           | debt holders over overseas debt holder (everyone should take
           | a massive haircut though), and what happens to the apartments
           | they've sold but not built yet (since Chinese banks have lent
           | money to people to buy those).
        
             | rossdavidh wrote:
             | Ooh! I got this one! They will.
        
             | dageshi wrote:
             | Is there that much chinese debt owned by overseas
             | investors? I'd always thought the chinese deliberately
             | insulated their financial system as much as possible to
             | avoid foreign influence over their economy.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | Enough of it:
               | 
               | https://www.reuters.com/business/china-evergrande-
               | offshore-b...
               | 
               | About $2b worth out of $300b of debt, so not that much,
               | although I'm not sure if this is just one group of many.
        
           | nwah1 wrote:
           | I wonder what the approximate shortfall is.
        
             | spywaregorilla wrote:
             | 300B of debt is the common number. shortfall unclear.
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | Allegedly 240B in assets, but who knows how real any of
               | those are: https://www.reuters.com/business/embattled-
               | china-evergrande-...
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | They might not be very liquid, and there might not be a
               | market for them at the current "market price" (China will
               | often suppress real estate sales to prevent market prices
               | from dropping).
        
             | loeg wrote:
             | I think the current reporting is tens of billions of
             | dollars (like ~$60B).
             | https://www.reuters.com/business/embattled-china-
             | evergrande-...
        
           | foobarbaz33 wrote:
           | Yo dawg. I heard you like leverage. So I put some leverage
           | inside your leverage to help prevent the tower of leverages
           | from falling.
        
       | threeseed wrote:
       | This is only the Hong Kong business.
       | 
       | Which is why it hasn't had the impact you would expect.
        
         | ericmay wrote:
         | What is the expected impact? And for whom?
        
           | xboxnolifes wrote:
           | Evergrande is a massive property development company. Real
           | estate makes up a _massive_ (20-25%) portion of China 's GDP,
           | as well as a very large portion of individuals' net worth.
           | The expected impact is a cascading housing crisis where homes
           | that people have already paid for don't get built, the
           | company bankrupts, and millions of individuals (or their
           | banks) each lose hundreds of thousands of dollars per unbuild
           | home.
        
         | loeg wrote:
         | The Hong Kong business is _the_ business.
        
           | kayodelycaon wrote:
           | CNN has quotes to the contrary. Most of their Chinese assets
           | are owned by Hengda Real Estate Group, which is legally
           | independent.
           | 
           | https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/29/business/evergrande-
           | ordered-t...
        
             | loeg wrote:
             | Interesting. It's unclear how you liquidate the parent
             | company without liquidating subsidiaries (who is going to
             | buy Hengda RE?) and it seems like legally the HK decision
             | should be binding:
             | 
             | > Hong Kong and the mainland city of Shenzhen -- where
             | Evergrande is based -- have a mutual insolvency recognition
             | agreement, but it's "effectively inoperative"
             | 
             | But China basically ignores HK in this.
        
               | i_am_jl wrote:
               | I'm very naive about all of this, can I ask what this
               | means?
               | 
               | Evergrande has been ordered to liquidate, on paper this
               | means that the Chinese subsidiary Hengda must also
               | liquidate, but China's just... not going to liquidate
               | Hengda? So instead of Evergrande's creditors dividing up
               | Evergrande+Hengda's assets only Evergrande's assets are
               | going to be liquidated? If that's right, how does that
               | work? Does Hengda get bought and the purchase price
               | distributed to creditors? Does China just tell
               | Evergrande's creditors "too bad"?
        
               | chasd00 wrote:
               | > Does China just tell Evergrande's creditors "too bad"?
               | 
               | that sounds inline with standard operating procedures.
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | From CNN:
               | 
               | >the implications for the company's vast business in
               | mainland China are unclear.
               | 
               | >Hong Kong and the mainland city of Shenzhen -- where
               | Evergrande is based -- have a mutual insolvency
               | recognition agreement, but it's "effectively inoperative"
               | and courts in the city are "extremely unlikely" to
               | recognize the offshore liquidator, Silvers said.
               | 
               | What we have here is a complex set of semi-international
               | legal issues on the other side of the world. I don't
               | trust HN commentary on the subject. It seems very
               | undecided for now and will be a sticky situation for
               | China, Hong Kong, and foreign investors.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | > Does China just tell Evergrande's creditors "too bad"?
               | 
               | In a broad sense, that's how bankruptcy works in the west
               | too. The government has rules for who gets paid first,
               | and everyone else is SOL.
        
               | bozhark wrote:
               | Depends on what chapter is filled and approved
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | Discharge can happen under both 7 and 11 which are the
               | most common in the US. Chapter 7 is the equivalent of
               | what is being discussed in this particular case.
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | Yeah but in the west it is based on seniority rather than
               | like, hose foreign creditors first.
        
               | faeriechangling wrote:
               | Which is why the west has been getting taken for a ride
               | for years.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | No, in the US, claims are paid out based on the type of
               | debt, outlined in the Absolute Priority Rule.
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | Depends on how they operate. Selling subsidiaries as
               | going concerns or handing their shares to creditors of
               | the parent are often options.
               | 
               | It's in no way a given that a subsidiary is insolvent
               | just because the parent is.
               | 
               | This isn't unusual. E.g. when Commodore went bankrupt
               | several subsidiaries continued to operate as long as they
               | had stock, and the UK subsidiary even tried to organize a
               | buyout of its parent.
        
               | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
               | HK is where the foreign debt is.
               | 
               | This is freeing the Chinese business of its obligations
               | of $25B in foreign debt.
               | 
               | Presumably that makes for a better business.
               | 
               | Who knows. Evergrande could easily be worth less than
               | -$25B. No one wants to buy a business worth negative
               | money. But it's definitely worth less negative money now.
        
               | bozhark wrote:
               | Amazon was negative for years.
               | 
               | Temu is copying their old strategy.
               | 
               | Many people want to buy businesses with negative income.
               | Not for the reasons you'd think though.
        
               | dayjaby wrote:
               | What does income have to do with net worth?
        
         | The_Colonel wrote:
         | This reddit comment explains this quite well:
         | https://old.reddit.com/r/Economics/comments/1adnx32/evergran...
         | 
         | > HK is sort of what NY is to the US. It is a peripheral region
         | with some minor degree of autonomy but because it just so
         | happens to house the Chinese version of Wall Street this means
         | it's judiciary is a little bit special when it comes to dealing
         | with insolvency and other corporate issues.
         | 
         | This means that it very likely means liquidation in China as
         | well.
        
           | Ericson2314 wrote:
           | Comparing HK to NYC is very reductive lol.
           | 
           | Though it's kinda funny to imagine the Dutch held onto NYC
           | until the 1990s after which there was some sort of
           | unification process.
        
             | andruby wrote:
             | > In 1664, the English took over New Amsterdam and renamed
             | it New York after the Duke of York (later James II & VII).
             | 
             | That's a good 300 years before 1990 :)
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Amsterdam
        
               | dmoy wrote:
               | GP is talking about an imaginary hypothetical situation
               | in which NYC would be dutch held until the 1990s, not the
               | real-world timeline
        
           | hiddencost wrote:
           | If DC took NYC by force.
        
           | akeck wrote:
           | Technically, I think replacing NY with Delaware may be a
           | better comparison - specifically with respect to the Delaware
           | Court of Chancery in which most large US companies litigate
           | business issues.
        
             | tsunamifury wrote:
             | Even more like City of London vs England.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | That's going to be a tough liquidation. Who wants to buy a half-
       | finished building abandoned during construction due to lack of a
       | market? Such things have negative value.
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | Wait until buyers stop making mortgage payments on half
         | completed units.
        
           | NicoJuicy wrote:
           | And the reserve requirements of banks were just lowered to
           | help spur growth:
           | 
           | https://www.reuters.com/world/china/china-will-cut-banks-
           | res...
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | Pushing the string! Can't win against demographics, young
             | folks can't find jobs [1] and China got old fast [2]. 30%
             | of GDP is domestic real estate that is about to fall off a
             | cliff [3].
             | 
             | [1] https://www.cnbc.com/2024/01/25/china-youth-
             | unemployment-wil...
             | 
             | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aging_of_China
             | 
             | [3] https://www.axios.com/2023/10/11/chart-chinas-real-
             | estate-st...
        
           | rossdavidh wrote:
           | My impression was this had already started a while back.
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | There has been evidence that it has been occurring, but
             | China is notoriously hostile to citizens who default on
             | financial obligations, so I would expect with liquidation
             | proceeding you'll see a lot more folks decide to stop
             | making payments than those with a more activist appetite
             | previously.
             | 
             | > ANZ's senior China economist Betty Wang believes the
             | scale of the problem is much bigger. She estimates that 1.5
             | trillion yuan ($223 billion) of mortgage loans, or 4% of
             | banks' total outstanding mortgage loans, could be affected
             | by the movement.
             | 
             | > "What concerns us is if more home buyers cease payment,
             | the spreading trend will not only threaten the health of
             | the financial system but also create social issues amid the
             | current economic downturn," she wrote in a report on
             | Thursday.
             | 
             | https://www.cnn.com/2022/07/14/economy/china-property-
             | crisis... (2022)
        
         | Kon-Peki wrote:
         | > Who wants to buy a half-finished building abandoned during
         | construction
         | 
         | This is actually not a big deal at all if you are following
         | modern high-rise construction techniques.
        
       | berserk1010 wrote:
       | A couple of things to note:
       | 
       | 1.) Why did it take Evergrande 3 years to liquidate? In western
       | countries, liquidation happens in a few months. One should note
       | that Evergrande did not get that big by itself; obviously it had
       | the support of CCP elites to secure huge bank loans. Therefore,
       | when it went bankrupt, the delay was to allow these elites to
       | pull money/liquidable assets out of Evergrande. Thus after 3
       | years, Evergrande probably has pretty bad mark-to-fantasy assets
       | left. This bodes very ill for creditors. Foreign creditors
       | account only for $25B of the $300B liabilities for Evergrande.
       | https://apnews.com/article/china-evergrande-property-liquida...
       | 
       | 2.) This event implies that most of the Chinese real estate
       | developers are bankrupt/insolvent. excluding for Li Ka Shing's
       | portfolio most likely.
       | 
       | 3.) Evergrande's assets are mostly comprised of lands in China.
       | This means, most of the lands will get returned to local
       | governments, which will increase land inventory massively. This
       | will accelerate the real estate price decline in all parts of
       | China, on top of the 30-40% drop we're seeing in Tier 1 cities,
       | on top of the 50-60% drop we're seeing in non-Tier 1 cities.
       | 
       | 4.) What does this mean for China's 3 pillars of economic engine
       | (real estate, consumer spending, export)? real estate comprises
       | of 25-30% of Chinese economy, so the economy will be forced to
       | mark to reality these assets, and will take a huge hit. Consumer
       | spending is tied to real estate engine, since most of the
       | citizens' wealth is in real estate. Thus we are seeing consumer
       | spending decline and downgrade substitution patterns. Case in
       | point: recent $1 McDonald burger deal was causing shortages in
       | China. Haidilao has been focused on a cheaper version of their
       | hot pot, which costs $10. $1 bread shops are spreading across
       | China.
       | 
       | 5.) If real estate and consumer spending is crashing, then China
       | can only rely on export, and thus the trend of dumping abroad
       | will continue. Especially cars and solar. Europe is in the middle
       | of looking into applying tariffs to Chinese EVs. US is already
       | set with heavy tariffs on Chinese EVs. Note that Chinese export
       | to US and Europe has dropped 10% and 20% y/y.
       | 
       | EDIT: also coincidently, Chinese authorities just banned short
       | selling https://www.reuters.com/world/china/china-securities-
       | regulat.... This is following the Chinese stock market decline of
       | 11% this year. and 3 year cumulative decline.
        
         | datadrivenangel wrote:
         | It will be very interesting to see how the CCP navigates this
         | coming recession.
        
           | berserk1010 wrote:
           | I would call it a Great Depression https://www.forbes.com/sit
           | es/miltonezrati/2024/01/22/chinas-.... And the depression
           | probably started in 2021 or 2022.
        
             | bigbillheck wrote:
             | > And the depression probably started in 2021 or 2022.
             | 
             | GDP is generally a bogus metric but it's an odd kind of
             | depression that has a 5% growth in it.
        
               | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
               | You can easily get 5% growth and worse living standards.
               | 
               | Expand your balance sheet to pay everyone to dig a hole.
               | 
               | GDP goes up.
               | 
               | As long as you ignore debt, GDP doesn't really mean
               | anything.
               | 
               | Look at China's debt.
        
               | MrPatan wrote:
               | Is that 5% growth? Or is that a piece of paper with a
               | number "5" in it? There is a difference.
        
           | chasd00 wrote:
           | my guess is the CCP will declare it a mild economic
           | correction and anyone saying otherwise will be jailed.
        
         | NicoJuicy wrote:
         | Some insights I didn't knew/consider, especially 2 and 3.
         | 
         | Can I ask the source of how you gained those insights?
         | 
         | Interesting to note: they have higher debt levels than the US (
         | GDP wise). If GDP would go down, that would mean a vicious
         | circle and they wouldn't be able to "fund" their way out with
         | low risk.
         | 
         | Which seems to indicate a lot of advantages to fiddle with the
         | GDP growth numbers and explains limiting access to economic
         | statistics:
         | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-08-16/china-is-...
        
           | berserk1010 wrote:
           | You would have to know mandarin (to read through government
           | economic reports), and have access to Douyin videos. And
           | these videos get taken down by the authorities fairly quickly
        
             | yorwba wrote:
             | There's probably a dozen people reading this thread who
             | know enough Mandarin to handle a few short Douyin videos if
             | you could provide us with links.
             | 
             | Though as a platform it lends itself well to amplifying
             | extreme claims backed by speculation that play into
             | people's fears, so unless the accounts in question have a
             | history of well-sourced factual reporting, I'd be rather
             | skeptical.
        
               | berserk1010 wrote:
               | I'll paste one sample, it's safer
               | 
               | 1, Heng Da ,Long Tou Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo Yue 2.6Mo Yi
               | ,2021Nian 9Yue Zheng Shi Xuan Gao Bao Lei .
               | 
               | 2, Zhong Liang ,Zhe Jiang Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo Yue
               | 2000Yi ,2022Nian 4Yue Gong Gao Mei Yuan Zhai Xun Qiu Zhan
               | Qi ,Xuan Gao Bao Lei .
               | 
               | 3, Jun Fa ,Yun Nan Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo Yue 1200Yi
               | ,2022Nian 4Yue 2.19Yi Xin Tuo Dai Kuan Wei Dui Fu ,Xuan
               | Gao Bao Lei .
               | 
               | 4, Rong Chuang ,Long Tou Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo Yue 1Mo
               | Yi ,2022Nian 3Yue Mei Yuan Zhai Zhan Qi ,Xuan Gao Bao Lei
               | .
               | 
               | 5, Shi Mao ,Long Tou Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo Yue 4000Yi
               | ,2022Nian 3Yue Gong Gao 60Yi Xin Tuo Zhan Qi ,Xuan Gao
               | Bao Lei .
               | 
               | 6, Long Guang ,Yue Xi Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo Yue 2000Yi
               | ,2022Nian 3Yue Gong Gao Mei Yuan Zhai Wei Yue ,Xuan Gao
               | Bao Lei
               | 
               | 7, Xiang Sheng ,Zhe Jiang Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo Yue
               | 1500Yi ,2022Nian 3Yue ,1200Mo Mei Yuan Li Xi Wei Yue
               | ,Xuan Gao Bao Lei .
               | 
               | 8, Da Fa ,Shang Hai Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo Yue 300Yi
               | ,2022Nian 3Yue 2228Mo Yuan Mei Yuan Zhai Li Xi Wu Fa
               | Chang Huan ,Xuan Gao Bao Lei .
               | 
               | 9, Yu Zhou ,Min Xi Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo Yue 900Yi
               | ,2022Nian 3Yue Mei Yuan Zhai Li Xi 2125Mo Mei Yuan Wei
               | Yue ,Xuan Gao Bao Lei .
               | 
               | 10, Zheng Rong ,Min Xi Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo Yue 2000Yi
               | ,2022Nian 2Yue Gong Gao Mei Yuan Zhai Wei Yue ,Xuan Gao
               | Bao Lei .
               | 
               | 11, Fu Li ,Yue Xi Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo Yue 3000Yi
               | ,2021Nian 12Yue 7Yi Mei Yuan Zhai Zhan Qi ,Xuan Gao Bao
               | Lei .
               | 
               | 12, Hua Xia Xing Fu ,Chan Cheng Di Chan Long Tou ,Fu Zhai
               | Gui Mo Yue 2600Yi ,2021Nian 2Yue Shou Ci Cheng Ren 52Yi
               | Zhai Wu Yu Qi ,Xuan Gao Bao Lei .
               | 
               | 13, Jia Zhao Ye ,Yue Xi Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo Yue
               | 2300Yi ,2021Nian 11Yue 3Yi Li Cai Chan Pin Wei Dui Fu
               | ,Xuan Gao Bao Lei .
               | 
               | 14, Yang Guang Cheng ,Min Xi Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo Yue
               | 3500Yi ,2021Nian Gong Si Li Cai Wei Dui Fu ,Xuan Gao Bao
               | Lei .
               | 
               | 15, Ao Yuan ,Yue Xi Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo Yue 2500Yi
               | ,2021Nian 11Yue ,6590Mo Yuan Xin Tuo Dai Kuan Wei Yue
               | ,Xuan Gao Bao Lei .
               | 
               | 16, Xin Li ,Jiang Xi Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo Yue 1000Yi
               | ,2021Nian 10Yue 2.5Yi Mei Yuan Zhai Wei Yue ,Xuan Gao Bao
               | Lei .
               | 
               | 17, Hua Yang Nian ,Yue Xi Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo Yue
               | 600Yi ,2021Nian 10Yue 2Yi Mei Yuan Zhai Wei Yue ,Xuan Gao
               | Bao Lei .
               | 
               | 18, Dang Dai Zhi Ye ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo Yue 800Yi ,2021Nian
               | 10Yue 3Yi Mei Yuan Zhai Wei Yue ,Xuan Gao Bao Lei .
               | 
               | 19, Zhong Geng Di Chan ,Min Xi Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo
               | 300Yi ,2021Nian 10Yue 9.3Yi Zhai Wu Wei Yue ,Xuan Gao Bao
               | Lei .
               | 
               | 20, Guang Yao Di Chan ,Yue Xi Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo
               | 100Yi ,2021Nian 9Yue Xuan Gao Po Chan .
               | 
               | 21, Lan Guang ,Chuan Yu Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo Yue
               | 2000Yi ,2021Nian 5Yue Zhong Qi Piao Ju Wei Yue ,Xuan Gao
               | Bao Lei ,Mu Qian Yu Qi Wei Chang Huan Zhai Wu Yi Da 300Yi
               | .
               | 
               | 22, Yang Guang 100,Lao Pai Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo Yue
               | 400Yi ,2021Nian 8Yue Zhai Quan Wei Yue ,Xuan Gao Bao Lei
               | .
               | 
               | 23, De Run Chuang Zhan ,Shen Zhen Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai 20Yi
               | ,2021Nian 8Yue Xuan Gao Po Chan .
               | 
               | 24, Yan Zhou Yue Tai ,Yue Xi Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo 80Yi
               | ,2021Nian 8Yue Xuan Gao Po Chan .
               | 
               | 25, Bao Neng Di Chan ,Shen Zhen Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo
               | 2000Yi ,2021Nian 8Yue Li Cai Chan Pin Yu Qi ,Xuan Gao Bao
               | Lei .
               | 
               | 26, Shi Di ,Yue Xi Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo Yue 200Yi
               | ,2021Nian 7Yue Shang Piao Ju Fu ,Xuan Gao Bao Lei .
               | 
               | 27, San Sheng Hong Ye ,Shang Hai Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo
               | Yue 500Yi ,2019Nian 10Yue Yuan Gong Li Cai Wei Dui Fu
               | ,Xuan Gao Bao Lei ,Gong Si Lao Ban Shi Zong ,Bei Fa Yuan
               | Xuan Shang 1000Mo .
               | 
               | 28, Fu Cheng ,Min Xi Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo Yue 700Yi
               | ,2019Nian 12Yue 3Yi Ji Jin Wei Yue Dui Fu ,Xuan Gao Bao
               | Lei .
               | 
               | 29, Tai He ,Min Xi Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo Yue 2000Yi
               | ,2020Nian 7Yue Zhai Quan Wei Yue ,Xuan Gao Bao Lei ,Mu
               | Qian Yu Qi Wei Chang Huan Zhai Wu Yi Da 430Yi .
               | 
               | 30, Zhuo Da Di Chan ,Bei Fang Fang Qi ,Fu Zhai Gui Mo
               | 300Yi ,2018Nian Kai Shi ,Zhuo Da 24Ci Bei Lie Ru Bei Zhi
               | Xing Ren ,Ci Wai Huan You 7Qi Gu Quan Dong Jie ,She Ji
               | Jin E Yue 9.14Yi .
               | 
               | Zhe 30Jia Fang Qi De Fu Zhai Zong Gui Mo Shi 7.48Mo Yi
               | 
               | also, https://www.reddit.com/media?url=https%3A%2F%2Fi.re
               | dd.it%2F%...
        
               | yorwba wrote:
               | Thanks, I much prefer text over video anyway, and now
               | even people who can't read Chinese can join in on the
               | fun, though Google Translate struggles a bit with the Bao
               | Lei  slang
               | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9A%B4%E9%9B%B7#Verb
        
         | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
         | > This bodes very ill for creditors. Foreign creditors account
         | only for $25B of the $300B liabilities for Evergrande.
         | 
         | I'm sorry - but any foreigner who lent Evergrande money
         | thinking this wasn't a huge risk is a moron.
         | 
         | > This will accelerate the real estate price decline in all
         | parts of China, on top of the 30-40% drop we're seeing in Tier
         | 1 cities, on top of the 50-60% drop we're seeing in non-Tier 1
         | cities.
         | 
         | According to "official" sources - property prices aren't even
         | down 5%. Where are you seeing that they're down 30-40% in Tier
         | 1 cities?
         | 
         | It would take the median couple >7 years saving 100% of post-
         | tax income to afford a downpayment on the median 100 m^2 condo.
         | If you assume even 3% interest - thereafter - the monthly
         | payment would be >80% of their COMBINED post-tax income.
         | 
         | China's property prices have astounded me since 2000 - and yet
         | they continued to rocket higher for a solid two decades.
         | 
         | People are NUTS in the US at Price to Income levels of 4:1 -
         | when this is some of the lowest Price to Income for housing in
         | the world. We consider places like Vancouver and London and
         | Sydney ludicrous bubbles - and yet they are usually below 10:1.
         | China was at 11:1 in 2000 and climbed to 17:1 by 2020:
         | https://lipperalpha.refinitiv.com/2020/06/chart-of-the-week-...
         | Places like Shanghai have ratios of 38:1 and higher.
        
           | brianwawok wrote:
           | Your math just says the median person doesn't buy a condo. If
           | only the top 10% can afford them, that's still a huge pool of
           | people.
           | 
           | Pretty sure median US income can't afford a condo in NYC.
        
             | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
             | At the end of the day - prices need to be supported by
             | incomes (buyers or renters) or magic beans.
        
           | berserk1010 wrote:
           | cursory searches on western media reviews shows 20%, 25%,
           | 30%.
           | 
           | https://medium.com/alpha-beta-blog/even-beijing-home-
           | prices-...
           | 
           | https://fortune.com/2023/08/17/china-home-sales-worse-
           | than-o...
           | 
           | https://sccei.fsi.stanford.edu/china-briefs/tier-3-cities-
           | ho...
           | 
           | My sources are from real estate agents in China.
           | 
           | Not sure why anyone would actually trust official numbers
           | from China. China still claimed 5% gdp growth last year.
           | pretty laughable.
           | 
           | Also, you can just watch what multinationals are doing. They
           | have retail numbers from their Chinese stores. And it's
           | pretty clear Japanese and Taiwanese and South Korean and
           | American and European multinationals are all withdrawing.
        
             | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
             | A Medium post isn't a source.
             | 
             | Your fortune article says PRICES are only down 2.4%
             | (roughly the "official" stats).
             | 
             | Your other article is about T3 cities.
        
               | berserk1010 wrote:
               | It's all in the articles
               | 
               | "Existing homes near Alibaba Group Holding Ltd.'s
               | headquarters in Hangzhou have dropped about 25% from late
               | 2021 highs, according to local agents."
               | 
               | "Even as of March, before a fresh slowdown, more than
               | half of tier-2 and tier-3 cities saw existing-home prices
               | fall more than 15% from peaks,"
               | 
               | "residential housing prices in tier 3 cities dropped by
               | nearly 20%."
               | 
               | EDIT: Again, to get the real numbers, you need to have
               | access to Chinese real estate agents. And these folks
               | aren't going to be posting articles for everyone to read.
               | Or if they post a video in anger, it will get taken down.
        
               | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
               | A small section of a New Tier 1 city is not indicative of
               | an entire T1 city.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | Is HZ really considered a T1 city now? It is more like a
               | rich T2 city.
        
               | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
               | According to Wikipedia it is a "New Tier 1" city. T1 is
               | still just Shanghai, Beijing and Shenzhen/Guangzhou.
        
               | pphysch wrote:
               | That user is a new single-purpose account with a clear
               | interest in shaping narratives around a certain country,
               | so I would take their claims with a big grain of salt.
        
               | berserk1010 wrote:
               | What can I say, all I know about/care about is Chinese
               | economy. I do provide a lot of valuable facts/links to
               | the site
        
           | HWR_14 wrote:
           | The foreigners probably loaned money to Evergrande a long
           | time ago, before the issues started appearing.
        
             | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
             | The issues were apparent since 2000.
             | 
             | The vast majority of Evergrande's outstanding foreign debt
             | is from >2012.
             | 
             | BlackRock, HSBC, and UBS poured in about $3B of the $25B in
             | 2021 alone...
             | 
             | And, I'm sorry - if you didn't see a risk doing that in
             | 2021 - you're gonna lose all your money sooner or later.
             | 
             | In BlackRock's case - it was primarily for 401k-ers for
             | exposure to Chinese bonds. I think the US should've made it
             | illegal - and probably will soon - to offer a product like
             | that.
             | 
             | Why anyone in the US would want exposure to Chinese bonds
             | that don't even have good yields for "diversity" is
             | incredible. Up next - Russian and Venezuelan 100-year bonds
             | at 0% interest!
        
               | djbusby wrote:
               | If only someone had warned us!
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | 2012 was the year that Andrew Left publicized why he was
               | shorting Evergrande stock, which he got banned for in
               | 2016. I would say 2010 was when Evergrande started
               | popping up in the news as possibly insolvent, 2000 is too
               | early.
        
           | MrPatan wrote:
           | > any foreigner who lent Evergrande money thinking this
           | wasn't a huge risk is a moron.
           | 
           | Or they are very smart while investing your money. Check your
           | country's pension fund, see who manages it and what they
           | invest in. Or better yet, don't.
        
         | r00fus wrote:
         | > 1.) Why did it take Evergrande 3 years to liquidate?
         | 
         | Because this isn't "the West". China/CCP is specifically
         | unwinding this slowly to avoid cross-market contagion.
        
       | lifestyleguru wrote:
       | It took them two years to bankrupt twice and this isn't even
       | their final bankruptcy yet.
        
         | lainga wrote:
         | In Dengist-Trotskyist synthesis, the revolutionary class must
         | be constantly and permanently going bankrupt.
        
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