[HN Gopher] I hacked a train toilet
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       I hacked a train toilet
        
       Author : hlandau
       Score  : 218 points
       Date   : 2024-01-28 09:10 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.devever.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.devever.net)
        
       | jruohonen wrote:
       | "Amusingly this is not the first DoS vulnerability I've found on
       | a train -- but that will have to wait for another article."
       | 
       | Don't say more.
        
       | alex-moon wrote:
       | Always lovely to see a reminder that electromechanical (non-
       | software) systems can also be hacked. This is the sort of stuff
       | "place hackers" use to get into buildings.
        
         | madsbuch wrote:
         | Most systems can be hacked with force. You can also "hack" you
         | way into a bank vault if you have 15 million tons of dynamite
         | and an atomic bomb (not sure if there would be anything to come
         | for in the vault at this point, though)
        
           | hlandau wrote:
           | This is a fixable bug though. And no force of any kind was
           | used here. As mentioned other trains use the same lever
           | design, but with the lever being spring-returned, which
           | doesn't exhibit this 'vulnerability'. It could also just be
           | fixed in software by making the lock lever input to the
           | microcontroller edge-triggered instead of level-triggered, so
           | that if someone does actually do this it won't lead to a DoS.
        
       | Y_Y wrote:
       | Denial of Shitter attacks are always unethical.
       | 
       | For real though, this is a cool idea and hack, but only a real
       | bastard would put the toilet out of action deliberately. Of
       | course that sort of person does happen to frequent British trains
       | and this is hence valuable research.During the Polish train
       | hacking debacle it was suggested that saboteurs be charged with
       | harming vital national infrastructure, I hope that toiletblockers
       | would be similarly indicted.
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | > Denial of Shitter attacks are always unethical.
         | 
         | Here in Germany, the railway itself is the worst culprit - in
         | December, when DB took over the notorious Hof-Munich line, I
         | travelled on a 6-car double decker train that had 5 broken
         | toilets, all of them because either the water was out or the
         | sewage tank full. Not fun.
         | 
         | The second worst culprits are idiots throwing trash into the
         | toilet. Diapers, tampons and wet wipes don't belong into
         | regular toilets - but especially not into vacuum toilets like
         | on trains or planes.
        
           | pflenker wrote:
           | My train once stopped in Bremen because only one toilet was
           | working and soccer fans were aboard the train. In Bremen we
           | could all leave the train, go to the toilet there and resume
           | our trip some 20 minutes later. That was a bizarre
           | experience.
        
             | davchana wrote:
             | In India on long route buses (like 8+ hours) its common for
             | bus to stop for a tea food and bathroom break/stop.
        
               | hollerith wrote:
               | It's common on buses in the US, too, but we are talking
               | about passenger trains.
        
               | mattpallissard wrote:
               | Cross country Amtrak has a few stops like that as well.
        
               | blahedo wrote:
               | I've ridden almost all of the long-distance Amtrak lines
               | and not seen what you describe. There are "long stops"
               | where there are crew changes and refill and restock, but
               | they are not primarily for passengers to visit the train
               | station (and through-passengers that wish to get some
               | fresh air are _explicitly_ warned not to leave the
               | platform, though this is not generally enforced if
               | someone wants to take their chances).
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | The long distance ICE trains actually have a restaurant
               | on board, although they only serve pre-made food.
               | 
               | Czech trains on the other hand? They run actual
               | restaurants with legit chefs on board [1][2].
               | 
               | [1] https://ostkoster.de/speisewagen-und-mitropa-in-
               | ostdeutschla...
               | 
               | [2] https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/im-
               | knodelexpress-ge...
        
         | stavros wrote:
         | What's the Polish train hacking debacle? The thing where the
         | company added software so the train disabled itself if repaired
         | anywhere other than company headquarters? Who are the saboteurs
         | in that case? The manufacturing company itself?
        
           | wayvey wrote:
           | Yes, it was found the manufacturer added undocumented
           | software kill switches to the train software to get more
           | maintenance work for themselves
        
             | miki123211 wrote:
             | There were actually two Polish train hacking debacles, and
             | I'm not 100% sure which one the GP means.
             | 
             | The one you describe is the more famous one, but there was
             | another one a few months earlier, where a group of actually
             | malicious hackers used simple radio signals to trigger
             | emergency stops on dozens of trains over the course of a
             | few days.[1]
             | 
             | [1] https://www.wired.com/story/poland-train-radio-stop-
             | attack/
        
               | Kwpolska wrote:
               | "Saboteurs" suggests it's the third-party-repair-
               | prevention case. Stopping trains by playing the right
               | tones on analog unencrypted radio (with the tones and
               | frequencies being public knowledge) is hardly hacking
               | anyway.
        
             | wayvey wrote:
             | This is what I was referring to
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38788360
        
         | wouldbecouldbe wrote:
         | My nephew would carry along official out of order stickers. Put
         | it on the toilet, go in and lock it. Not all were clean, but
         | easy free ride.
        
           | Lio wrote:
           | Yeah, that's less a clever "hack" and more just plain old
           | fraud. Like putting a loop in an ATM and calling it free
           | money.
           | 
           | It's not a free ride, your nephew is just dishonest.
        
             | IIAOPSW wrote:
             | I don't envy anyone who's ridding toilet-class all the way.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | At least they have a place to sit!
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | or a place to s^hit
        
             | circuit10 wrote:
             | https://xkcd.com/1494/
        
             | BobaFloutist wrote:
             | Oh it's still absolutely a clever hack. It's social
             | engineering rather than a software hack, and it's _also_
             | fraud, but the official sticker is definitely an example of
             | playing within a system and testing its limits.
             | 
             | It's not particularly admirable behavior, but it's not all
             | that different in kind from using a whistle from a cereal
             | box to make free phone calls.
        
           | feurio wrote:
           | You must be _so_ proud.
        
         | ackbar03 wrote:
         | So is this good or not good research? Can you make up your
         | mind?
        
           | rishav_sharan wrote:
           | It's just shitty research
        
         | _the_inflator wrote:
         | Maybe some even more sinister monster could think of also
         | poisoning the passengers with a laxative while locking the
         | toilet doors. This sounds like a good script for a comic. ;)
        
         | cat_plus_plus wrote:
         | If playing with a bunch of buttons to see what happens is
         | frowned upon, we have the worst possible denial of service
         | attack on entire humanity by dumbing everyone down. It was not
         | a given that toilet would get disabled and now the problem can
         | be reported to manufacturer and fixed. If someone made it a
         | habit to keep disabling toilets in every train deliberately,
         | different story. Although fixing the flaw is still the most
         | practical solution.
        
       | madsbuch wrote:
       | I would probably not use the word hacked here, more ruined - Yes,
       | if we use things out of their intended use, block doors, forces
       | switches even though locked, hold switches in intermediate
       | states, it will ruin things.
       | 
       | Maybe this is why toilets never work on trains when I need them.
       | What a shame...
        
         | rvnx wrote:
         | It's a form of vandalism, breaking toilets for fun and bragging
         | about it. Not cool.
         | 
         | Of course you can damage or break any physical system if you
         | apply too much force or use it the wrong way intentionally.
        
           | stavros wrote:
           | The author didn't break the toilet. I don't know why
           | commenters here think he did.
        
             | nsteel wrote:
             | He is intentionally putting the toilet door controller into
             | a state where a vacant toilet can no longer be accessed.
             | That toilet is of no use to people needing the toilet ...
             | he broke the toilet.
        
               | hlandau wrote:
               | Nothing intentional about it. I certainly wasn't
               | expecting it to get wedged in the way it did.
               | 
               | It was back to functioning normally only a short time
               | later in any case.
        
               | nsteel wrote:
               | It reads as if the first time (of two) it was stuck this
               | way. So, for some reason you tried playing around _again_
               | with the lock?! Come on.
               | 
               | In any case, on behalf of British train users, please
               | stop occupying the toilet needlessly and playing with the
               | door locks. What happens if you or the next person gets
               | locked in there? What happens if someone thinks you're
               | being suspicious and calls the transport police? The
               | services are delayed enough as it is.
        
         | jeroenhd wrote:
         | If this were a system controlling a complicated device,
         | perhaps.
         | 
         | In this case, we're talking about a door and a sliding lock. A
         | mechanical design would not have had any of these failure
         | states. All the system needed, was to connect the locking
         | switch to the physical door lock, and none of this would've
         | caused a problem.
         | 
         | If you're automating something as simple as a door lock, you
         | need to be able to deal with this stuff. If you can't, stick to
         | what works instead.
        
           | madsbuch wrote:
           | I mechanical system probably would not satisfy the
           | requirements of a train toilet in a public train - in
           | particular that it needs to be used by disabled people.
           | 
           | Unless you have been a part of the design process of train
           | toilets (and please enlighten me if you are) then your
           | beliefs really does not justify vandalism of public
           | amenities.
        
             | stavros wrote:
             | You're conflating "I found a way this toilet can be
             | disabled and I'm writing about it" with "I disabled this
             | toilet".
             | 
             | If someone says "huh, I can just take this gum and walk out
             | of the supermarket with it", calling them a thief is
             | unwarranted.
        
               | madsbuch wrote:
               | what i intended to say was that the current design of the
               | door probably has its reason in order to support disabled
               | people.
               | 
               | people who remove things from supermarkets without paying
               | are thiefs regardless of they knew they did something
               | illegal. In law it is never an argument that you didn't
               | know the law this is principally your own responsibility.
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | The author didn't disable the door, or tamper with it. He
               | pointed out that it _can_ be disabled.
               | 
               | I'm not sure what your argument is, but if it's "bad
               | people should stop doing bad things", I agree with you
               | but I don't think it'll be very effective.
               | 
               | If it's "people shouldn't point out flaws on things", I
               | have to disagree.
        
               | mmarx wrote:
               | from the linked YouTube video:
               | 
               | > This is the second time I've successfully tested this
               | on a Class 800. For some reason this time I seem to have
               | actually confused the toilet door controller enough that
               | it decided "screw this" and went into out of order mode,
               | which didn't happen the previous time.
               | 
               | So, yes, the author _did_, in fact, disable the door.
        
               | andrewaylett wrote:
               | They didn't _intend_ to, though, and I can see why they
               | wouldn 't expect it to actually break. I mean: why should
               | it?
               | 
               |  _Actually doing_ the jumping out and leaving the cubicle
               | locked and empty thing would be unethical. Seeing if it
               | would be possible is less of an issue. Accidentally
               | breaking something in the process is a hint not to try it
               | a third time.
        
       | lukan wrote:
       | Was there anything wrong, with the good old mechanical locks in
       | train toilets?
       | 
       | I have seen so many (elderly) people struggle to properly use the
       | fancy electric ones (and lots of embarrassment, with doors that
       | were indeed not locked) and apparently some people have fun,
       | intentionally disabling them. You know, some people sometimes
       | just have a urgent buisness and are in need of a working toilet
       | on a train.
        
         | madsbuch wrote:
         | My guess is that this type of round sliding door takes up much
         | less space compared to solutions where you manually close the
         | door. Unfortunately, manually round sliding doors can be very
         | heavy to close. Especially for wheel chair users.
         | 
         | My guess is that this is probably the only way, if you also
         | want to support disabled users while ensuring them most agency
         | in the intimate process of using a toilet.
        
           | hlandau wrote:
           | (Author here.) I have seen videos (not on trains) of one
           | hybrid - a power-operated round sliding door, but with a
           | physical lock on it, that hooks onto the door frame. So that
           | would be one option.
           | 
           | I think the current iteration is fine though - the
           | replacement of the confusing "lock button" with the physical
           | handle, even if emulated, is comprehensible to most, I would
           | think. The "the door is now locked" voiceover also helps
           | reassure people. (Most people are just trying to lock the
           | door and not "fuzz test" the lock handle...)
        
             | lukan wrote:
             | Ah, you were the author as well. Have you noticed anyone
             | from the train company about this flaw? (not saying that
             | much would come out of it, but I think one should try)
        
             | zilti wrote:
             | I've just way too often seen these fake-physical locks be
             | broken, or working in an unexpected way (with a fucking
             | explanatory sticker with three lines of text explaining
             | it). Who signs off on such crap?
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | "Who signs off on such crap?"
               | 
               | Cynical me: people who benefit from the deal and don't
               | have to use it themself.
        
           | lukan wrote:
           | This makes some sense, but I think you still could have used
           | an actual mechanical lock on the door. So open and close
           | still be buttons, but once the electric door closed, you
           | engaged the lock (some electronics required there obviously,
           | to tell the state to the system, so it does not try to open
           | with the lock engaged).
        
         | jeroenhd wrote:
         | I'm not elderly yet, but I have struggled with a similar train
         | toilet door. _Why_ does this stupid thing need a lock button?
         | In what scenario do I want to go into a toilet, hit the "close
         | door" button, and _not_ want the door to be locked? It didn't
         | help that the design of the buttons wasn't particularly clear,
         | either.
         | 
         | I can see the benefit of the electric opening/closing
         | mechanism, because sliding doors are heavy, but the lock
         | should've been a physical mechanism, or at least acted like
         | one.
        
           | bemmu wrote:
           | Without the lock button you could hit the "close door" button
           | and leave the toilet while it is closing, and then no-one
           | would be able to enter to unlock it. But I agree something
           | familiarly mechanical with the mechanism clearly visible
           | would be better than any fancy solution.
        
           | madsbuch wrote:
           | A physical lock can get stuck. Especially on a moving trains
           | with vibrations that could tense up the door.
           | 
           | Weakened people, anxious people and other people with
           | disabilities need to be able to lock and unlock the doors
           | without getting stuck.
           | 
           | My guess is that the metaphor used for this train is too
           | allow people full control over door lock.
           | 
           | I don't think many people realise what it takes to build
           | toilet in trains in a place like the UK where the disabled
           | associations and protections are really strong.
        
             | lukan wrote:
             | "Weakened people, anxious people and other people with
             | disabilities need to be able to lock and unlock the doors
             | without getting stuck."
             | 
             | I have never experienced a simple lock to get stuck, but
             | there are panic buttons inside the toilets as well.
             | 
             | "I don't think many people realise what it takes to build
             | toilet in trains in a place like the UK where the disabled
             | associations and protections are really strong."
             | 
             | And I don't think this is a bad thing.
        
               | madsbuch wrote:
               | I never said it was a bad thing. I merely point out that
               | is is ignorant to straight up believe that a "simple
               | lock" is the solution without properly understanding the
               | issue - just like you do.
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | Ah, I did not try to imply that you did. I was actually
               | unsure how you meant it, but just wanted to emphasize
               | anyway, that those regulations are very useful for
               | disabled people. Because in most places, you would just
               | get stuck using a wheelchair on your own. (German trains
               | for example, in most trains you would just not get into -
               | and if you managed to arrive at your destination, you
               | might find out, that there are only stairs and no
               | elevator, despite there should be one. But on this day
               | they maybe changed the lane or whatever, they don't care.
               | I noticed while travelling with a 2 person stroller)
        
             | justsomehnguy wrote:
             | The trains in the past two centuries: OH NOES.
             | 
             | Seriously, why it was not a problem for _two_ centuries yet
             | nowadays it 's suddenly a new problem which requires a
             | complex, electromechanical computer operated solution?
        
               | doix wrote:
               | Because in the past people did not care about people with
               | disabilities. It's like saying why we need wheel chair
               | ramps when we didn't in the past.
               | 
               | Don't get me wrong, I'm not defending the current
               | implementation, but it makes sense to me to try and
               | improve the world to make it more disability friendly.
        
               | zilti wrote:
               | But it isn't improving anything. Just like with the
               | idiotic new door beeping the EU made mandatory, nobody
               | can tell who it's actually for.
        
               | hlandau wrote:
               | Do you mean the exterior door beeping (officially known
               | as a "hustle alarm" in the rail industry - now you know)?
               | There has been a wave of adapting or replacing train door
               | controllers to comply with the latest disability
               | regulations recently. But all motorised train doors that
               | I know of in the UK have had a hustle alarm.
               | 
               | I don't much care for the new "compliant" controllers
               | though, not least because the sounds they emanate are
               | quite unpleasant and often much less nice than the ones
               | emitted by the door systems they replaced. Older hustle
               | alarms, etc. sounded like they were produced by something
               | at least slightly polyphonic, whereas all of these new
               | systems seem to produce all of their sounds via an ear-
               | piercing piezo buzzer only.
               | 
               | Besides the hustle alarm there's the sound to notify you
               | the doors can now be opened (often not present on older,
               | non-compliant systems, but now seemingly deemed
               | required). I was always fond of the sound the Class
               | 365/465 Networker used for this - an actual mechanical
               | bell, which produced a pleasant sound. Of course it's now
               | been torn out and retrofitted with an awful piezoelectric
               | tone of the most ear-violating variety. It feels like
               | nobody even tried to make these sounds pleasant, and
               | probably went with a piezo buzzer rather than a
               | mechanical bell because it costs less, and what hardware
               | designer even knows how to integrate a mechanical bell
               | these days?
               | 
               | The closest to not having a hustle alarm I'm aware of in
               | the UK is for London Underground and DLR stock, which
               | basically starts to play the hustle alarm at the same
               | time as the doors close, making it a bit of a token
               | affair.
               | 
               | Those interested in this sort of thing might be
               | interested in this TfL report which actually studied in
               | minute detail whether they should change the delay on the
               | doors closing after the warning sounds. I encountered
               | this once and was fascinated by the details. https://asse
               | ts.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/...
               | 
               | BTW, the applicable safety requirements standard for
               | power-operated passenger train doors is GM/RT2473 (or its
               | predecessor on older rolling stock, GO/OTS300). Don't ask
               | me how I know this...
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | An electronic lock can get stuck also. At least with the
             | physical lock/sliding lever you have a chance to be able to
             | force it open.
        
             | lofaszvanitt wrote:
             | Bullshite.
        
             | userbinator wrote:
             | _Weakened people, anxious people and other people with
             | disabilities need to be able to lock and unlock the doors
             | without getting stuck._
             | 
             | Simple levers don't need much force to operate.
             | 
             | The idea of a motorised door and the rest of that automated
             | mechanism just scares me. There's so much more complexity
             | and points of failure that I could imagine someone getting
             | crushed if other interlocks fail, or otherwise having the
             | door open / close unexpectedly.
        
           | Eisenstein wrote:
           | They mention it in the article but it is to keep people from
           | pressing 'close' and then jumping out while it closes and
           | becomes unable to be opened from the outside.
        
           | Symbiote wrote:
           | Your question is answered at the start of the article, which
           | also shows a photograph of your suggested solution on the
           | newest trains in use in Britain.
        
         | PeterisP wrote:
         | The context here is toilets specifically designed for disabled
         | people. Some disabilities make it very hard to operate latches
         | or levers, and in that context pushing a button is considered
         | the more accessible control option.
        
           | Kwpolska wrote:
           | How common are those disabilities, compared to people
           | confused by the buttons? Is turning the lock really that
           | different to pushing a button?
        
             | PeterisP wrote:
             | They are rare, but if you build a specific toilet targeted
             | for people with disabilities (next to ordinary, simpler,
             | smaller toilets) then you generally try to make it as
             | accessible as you reasonably can and target a wide variety
             | of different disabilities. Such toilets tend to have _many_
             | adaptations e.g. different controls for faucets on the
             | sink, different handling of toilet paper, different
             | dimensions and spacing, etc.; and yes, for some people a
             | button instead of a knob that needs to be turned is all the
             | difference in the world, as they simply can 't turn a knob.
             | For a trivial (but not nearly the only) scenario imagine a
             | person with prosthetic hands, or extremely limited grip
             | strength caused by e.g. some cases of cerebral palsy.
        
         | userbinator wrote:
         | _Was there anything wrong, with the good old mechanical locks
         | in train toilets?_
         | 
         | The only thing wrong was the fact that they weren't "modern"
         | enough, i.e. too simple and predictable.
         | 
         | That said, you can easily "DoS" a mechanical lock too, if it
         | doesn't have any form of interlock. Everyone who has locked
         | themselves out of cars and buildings (e.g. leaving the key
         | inside) will clearly remember this.
        
         | ozim wrote:
         | Just as thought excercise:
         | 
         | - mechanical cannot be easily unlocked by conductors in case of
         | emergency - mechanical would break more often because people
         | don't care and would push on door even if it is occupied. - in
         | a hurry might be more convenient to simply push button assuming
         | one is already familiar with the system. - having only buttons
         | it is easier to keep it clean and having people less contact
         | with door handles/latches. - can be automatically locked on
         | stations so people use them between stations so you don't get
         | foul smells while boarding and waiting
        
       | Popeyes wrote:
       | UK train toilets are a classic in the bad design book. You have
       | people who haven't locked the door being exposed to the carriage,
       | you have people unable to close the door and people unable to
       | open the door. And that's if you manage to get to the toilet and
       | it hasn't been ruined by a previous occupant.
        
         | midasuni wrote:
         | Older toilets were far smaller with a normal kayak handle which
         | opened and closed quickly and had a big simple lock.
         | 
         | However those don't work with some passengers - wheelchair
         | users for example, people with difficultiy holding handles etc.
         | 
         | Making toilets more accessible for some groups makes them less
         | accessible for others (. As a society we choose what level to
         | have it at.
         | 
         | Some trains in the U.K. have a good balance - a large
         | wheelchair accessible toilet, and a small traditional one,
         | although they sometimes struggle with communicating it.
        
           | zilti wrote:
           | That's a nice excuse at first sight, but there is no reason
           | not to just use a normal, physical lock, instead of making
           | the lock worse for absolutely _everyone_ and excusing it with
           | "but accessibility!", all because a few people with lots of
           | good intentions but absolutely no clue at all want to pat
           | each other's backs for being oh so considerate.
        
           | arp242 wrote:
           | The increased size is indeed very nice from an accessibility
           | perspective, but it seems to me that practically everyone
           | capable of going to the lavatory on their own is also capable
           | of operating a (well-designed) mechanical lock on their own.
           | And for everyone who needs help to do this it's a non-issue
           | because the person helping them can close and lock the door.
           | 
           | The caveat here is that I'm not an expert on this, and that
           | I'm possibly argueing from a position of ignorance. But none
           | of the people claiming accessibility benefits (there are
           | several) have made a very convincing case, beyond a mere
           | assertion that it's more accessible. The door design as such
           | _is_ more accessible, but I don 't think it actually matters
           | in this context.
        
             | midasuni wrote:
             | You're right that a normal toilet can have an appropiate
             | physical handle. Howver normal toilets are easy to push
             | open as they aren't moving. Opening a large (and thus
             | heavy) swing door, wide enough to allow a chair to get in,
             | manoeuvre, and close, without it smashing back when the
             | train lurches, doesn't work, meaning a sliding doors which
             | isn't appropriate.
             | 
             | As such the solution is an electronic sliding door (as many
             | couldn't provide enough strength over distance to open a
             | sliding door manually), meaning an open/close button
             | 
             | Once you have that feature adding an electric lock makes
             | sense. A physical lock would be trickier to incorporate.
        
       | LASR wrote:
       | These mechanical hacks are always fun to discover. Although, that
       | poor soul waiting for the toilet, just to find that it was locked
       | with nobody inside - that could be you.
       | 
       | These things are harder to test. It's not just software and state
       | machines.
       | 
       | And then there are the truly dangerous mechanical "hacks". Eg the
       | radiology machine that incorrectly dosed radiation. Therac-25.
        
         | rvnx wrote:
         | It's more as if you say "ok if I put glue inside the keylock of
         | someones car, then it will be very difficult to open it, see
         | this is unsafe"
        
           | matheusmoreira wrote:
           | It's more like they created a defective system whose safety
           | features can be overcome. Just like this disaster here:
           | 
           | https://admiralcloudberg.medium.com/a-legal-and-moral-
           | questi...
           | 
           | > require McDonnell Douglas to redesign the door locking
           | system so that it would be "physically impossible to position
           | the external locking handle and vent door to their normal
           | locking positions unless the locking pins are fully engaged."
        
           | mst wrote:
           | Seems like given all he did was wiggle a handle it could also
           | potentially happen accidentally.
           | 
           | The glue comparison would be more akin to him breaking out
           | logic probes.
        
       | zabzonk wrote:
       | ha! this reminded me of 1969 when i rode from my english boarding
       | school to my parent's flat in paris, france. my dad was working
       | from the UK embassy, helping to organise the RAF stuff at the
       | paris airshow. i was about 15.
       | 
       | i got down to dover and across the channel ok, but at calais the
       | trains were all screwed up. i had a seat reserved but it was
       | filled with an elderly frenchwoman in full black regalia who
       | womanfully resisted all efforts of me and the train conductor to
       | pry her out of it.
       | 
       | i retreated to the loo (train was packed) and spent the next hour
       | or so pretending dire gastric problems.
        
         | LtWorf wrote:
         | This is completely unbelievable.
        
           | zabzonk wrote:
           | it is entirely true - why would you doubt it?
        
       | fifilura wrote:
       | I have actually been in a situation where the motorized door
       | started opening when I was doing my thing. On a train in Sweden.
       | 
       | I had the handle in reach so I tried to push it back, but
       | eventually I had to prioritize getting my trousers on.
       | 
       | Also in this kind of car the toilet is wider than a usual double
       | seat so there were actually seats outside facing the toilet.
       | 
       | Rather embarrasing situation but we are all born naked so it was
       | mostly a fun story.
       | 
       | I have no idea what happened, i was not curious enough to go back
       | and investigate, I just got back into my seat and tried to look
       | invisible.
        
         | NikkiA wrote:
         | Here in the UK the pendolino class trains, at least while
         | operated by Virgin, were notorious for entering into an
         | oscillating open/close loop. So much so that several times the
         | staff would announce which cars had working toilets after each
         | pickup station. Often times, apologising for the smell in the
         | other cars.
        
       | wkjagt wrote:
       | I don't understand why we have to put microcontrollers in
       | everything. I think a toilet on a train is basically the same use
       | case as a toilet on a plane and all the planes I've been on, all
       | had an old fashioned sliding lock mechanism that works totally
       | ok. I wonder if the train bathroom the poster describes has a
       | timer to avoid people from occupying the bathroom for the
       | complete duration of the journey, and that's why a mechanical
       | lock won't work?
        
         | hlandau wrote:
         | The microcontroller obsession is real. As is the desire to do
         | everything via software and not mechanically - see touchscreens
         | in cars. I'm pretty sure it's because as developers, we're
         | addicted to the notion of making everything software-defined so
         | you can change everything later if needed. As a developer it's
         | a thought process I understand well, but seems to increasingly
         | lead to detrimental outcomes, like the extreme
         | touchscreenisation of cars - awful from a safety perspective.
         | 
         | I am told that "superloos" (those automated self-cleaning
         | toilets installed on the pavement) do have some kind of time
         | limit and will play some kind of audial warning a few minutes
         | before opening.
         | 
         | More concerning about those toilets are stories where people
         | somehow managed to be inside the toilet when the self-cleaning
         | process started (which involved the entire chamber being filled
         | with liquid). Supposedly this would happen when someone used
         | the toilet, but held the door open as they left so someone else
         | could use it without paying. The toilet, then thinking it was
         | empty, proceeds to unwittingly try and drown the "undeclared"
         | occupant.
        
           | wkjagt wrote:
           | I can't imagine there not being some kind of "hey I'm still
           | in here" button or slider or whatever. Preferably not
           | electronic.
        
           | hoc wrote:
           | Are there really toilets that are filled with liquid?
        
             | astura wrote:
             | No, that would be extremely wasteful, impractical, and
             | ineffective.
        
           | morsch wrote:
           | You're saying the entire indoor volume of the "superloo" gets
           | flooded with water, like a sinking submarine? Don't be
           | absurd. That'd be a monumental waste of water and it wouldn't
           | even clean that well.
        
             | hlandau wrote:
             | It sounds odd to me. I'm merely recollecting a news report
             | from probably about 20 years ago, which is probably going
             | to be hard to dig up. If it's another case of the press
             | getting something totally wrong, that wouldn't be
             | surprising.
        
               | mst wrote:
               | I would imagine getting suddenly sprayed with cleaning
               | solution from multiple directions is probably
               | sufficiently unpleasant that it will get exaggerated as
               | it's re-told.
               | 
               | And "the entire chamber being -sprayed- with liquid" plus
               | "I felt like I was drowning" could easily get misquoted
               | as well (or misremembered, 20 years ago is certainly more
               | than long enough for me to screw up details).
               | 
               | So my guess is that what actually happened is something
               | of that ilk.
        
             | ImPostingOnHN wrote:
             | In some you'd get doused. In others you'd get crushed _[0]_
             | 
             |  _0:https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-64430454_
        
           | phero_cnstrcts wrote:
           | It's not because developers want to work with toilets or
           | other mundane things. Is because the system we all live in
           | has become obsessed with taking everything we do.
        
           | dennis_jeeves2 wrote:
           | >>we're addicted to the notion of making everything software-
           | defined so you can change everything later if needed.
           | 
           | Man, hammer, nail, etc
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | whale?
        
           | lxgr wrote:
           | > which involved the entire chamber being filled with liquid
           | 
           | It doesn't. That would use way too much water and not even be
           | a good way to clean surfaces.
           | 
           | There's jets of pressurized water spraying and sometimes (I
           | believe) air to dry everything afterwards, so the worst that
           | would happen is that the person inside would get an
           | unexpected shower:
           | 
           | https://youtube.com/shorts/4o6pzvn_tkc?si=xvw1X0HwwTY8jifw
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | oh gawd, is this the trend of videos now? i knew we had
             | gotten bad, but this is just wow. is this one of those
             | situations where if you give speed to an adhd person,
             | things become calmer for them? so if you have adhd, this
             | seems normal?
        
               | aidanhasaknife wrote:
               | digitally-mediated autism is a form of environmental
               | autism !
        
         | Symbiote wrote:
         | Another difference is a train toilet has to allow unassisted
         | use by a wheelchair user.
        
           | wkjagt wrote:
           | Yes this is true. But I don't think you need electronics for
           | that. Or maybe for opening and closing the door, but not for
           | locking?
        
         | hlandau wrote:
         | Somewhat related, I just discovered that the Boeing 737MAX
         | replaces the CDU keyboard in the cockpit with a touchscreen
         | emulating the same keyboard.
         | 
         | https://www.gableseng.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/G7330-....
         | 
         | I am lost for words...
        
           | Gare wrote:
           | This actually makes sense from maintenance/reliability
           | perspective.
        
             | etskinner wrote:
             | And it makes no sense from a usability/safety perspective.
             | 
             | Touchscreens are harder to hit buttons right when you're
             | being jostled about by turbulence. Not to mention how easy
             | it is to hit the wrong button even when there's no
             | turbulence. Have you noticed how liberal all smartphones
             | are with autocorrect lately?
        
               | userbinator wrote:
               | Also the fact that with a set of switches, if one doesn't
               | work, it doesn't affect the others. Touchscreens seem to
               | fail all-or-nothing, or at least have large areas
               | suddenly become unusable.
        
             | hlandau wrote:
             | This doesn't pass the smell test at all. There are multiple
             | redundant CDUs and I'm not aware of any reliability issues
             | with their keyboards in the countless other aircraft models
             | which use them. And I second everything @etskinner just
             | said above.
             | 
             | It's 100% about programmers wanting to make everything
             | software defined.
        
               | BHSPitMonkey wrote:
               | I really doubt this was made because a programmer asked
               | for it. It's likely way cheaper to manufacturer than the
               | part it replaces.
        
             | Kwpolska wrote:
             | Not really. It's a cost-cutting measure. Keeping the old UI
             | lets them pretend it's the same plane as the original model
             | from the 60s and pilots don't need training.
        
           | coryrc wrote:
           | Are they needed in emergency situations?
        
         | avianlyric wrote:
         | I suspect it just boils down to minimising the number tasks
         | staff are responsible for, so you can reduce the number of
         | staff needed. Aircraft need to have attendants for safety
         | reasons, and the minimum number of attendants is dictated by
         | the number of passengers. Most of the time airplanes aren't in
         | emergency situations, so you're got lots of spare staff aboard,
         | and you can use them to look after toilets and feed passengers.
         | 
         | Trains on the other don't have such minimum staffing
         | requirements and usually operate with only one or two staff
         | total (driver plus maybe a ticket inspector). Train operators
         | want to keep staff on train to an absolute minimum (people cost
         | money after all), but those staff still have some safety
         | responsibilities which can't be removed. Instead you try to
         | remove every other responsibility they might have, such as
         | dealing with toilets.
         | 
         | Automated toilets means the toilets themselves can be
         | responsible for the vast majority of their operations, and can
         | be trusted to fail safe if something unexpected happens.
         | Meaning there's no need for staff to perform regular
         | inspections while the train is in service, and no need to worry
         | about something going silently wrong and hurting someone.
         | Instead the toilets can ensure that unsafe situations don't
         | happen, and proactively alert staff if something unsafe does
         | happen.
        
           | midasuni wrote:
           | An old fashioned handle and lock is about as low maintenance
           | as you can get - far less than a complex locking mechanism
           | requiring a computer reboot from the cab to handle when a
           | passenger gets stuck in because they can't figure out the
           | "open" butto
        
         | sjducb wrote:
         | It's there for disabled accessibility. The manual lock can be
         | difficult from a wheelchair.
        
         | wiedelphine wrote:
         | I had a similar thought untill I read that actually for or
         | people with motor/muscle issues issues, a push button or
         | something like the lever in the above which doesnt require
         | physical strength is much easier.
         | 
         | I think the original introduction of the button was due to
         | accessiblity. my understanding is that on newer planes they are
         | trying to move towards a similar system for the same reasons.
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | A lot of it is reduced BOM. You can get a more robust solenoid
         | lock and control it with a microprocessor for less than the
         | cost of a robust, fully mechanical system, which is a system
         | that needs mechanical maintenance and is subject to all sorts
         | of false inputs like people putting all their weight on a
         | lever.
         | 
         | Buttons flush with the surface or low profile levers such as
         | the ones shown in the picture can be more robust against
         | certain mechanical attacks simply by having lower weight, lower
         | travel, and being smaller (don't need to exhibit mechanical
         | advantage).
         | 
         | I'm a fan of simple mechanisms with no software in them
         | whenever possible, but I don't have to deal with the cost and
         | reliability problems.
        
           | Sakthimm wrote:
           | Won't a solenoid lock with microcontroller circuitry have a
           | higher risk of failure due to water damage, power surges, and
           | other factors(software bugs, hackers, cosmic rays!), in
           | addition to wear and tear of a mechanical lock?
        
             | gumby wrote:
             | Probably not for some of the reasons described. The
             | maintenance issues are part of the customer TCO.
             | 
             | Nobody (neither mfr nor customer) takes this path for the
             | sex appeal. This is a B2B product (train car) so BOM and
             | TCO drive everything.
        
               | kwhitefoot wrote:
               | The problem here is that the customer is not the
               | passenger.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | Well, it's not such a big problem as it is in, say,
               | health care.
               | 
               | It's in the train co's interest to have working toilets
               | (not too many, because they displace seats but some) and
               | have them reliable and easy to maintain (else costs go
               | up, maybe even they need more per train). This is why
               | they care about a denial of service attack (btw an
               | electronic one can tell the conductor when the toilet is
               | locked for a grossly atypical duration).
               | 
               | So to that degree the interest of the carrier and the
               | passenger are aligned. This applies to most of the
               | carriage decisions (robust seating, working doors and
               | brakes, and so on).
        
               | Beldin wrote:
               | > _It's in the train co's interest ..._
               | 
               | But the if the trains pass first inspection, then it no
               | longer is a development issue but a maintenance issue.
               | [1]
               | 
               | It's not as if train companies can afford to run a
               | statistically significant number of carriages from
               | different suppliers to see which one gives them the
               | actual best bang for buck 5 years down the road.
               | 
               | [1] Rule-proving exception: the Fyra trains.
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyra
               | 
               | The short version: high speed trains failed and were
               | eventually returned (2014) to the manufacturer for
               | ~2/3rds of new price. (That's the exception part.) There
               | have not been high speed trains on this traject since.
               | (That's the rule-conforming part.)
        
         | lofaszvanitt wrote:
         | Seems a bit overengineered. Especially when you are in a rush,
         | the last thing you want is fiddling with locking mechanisms.
         | You want to control the door yourself. Swing it open, then slam
         | it, and shut it asap.
        
         | sschueller wrote:
         | Train toilets have become complex systems since the days of
         | there just being basically a hole the floor. This is due to
         | many factors such as not having to prevent people from using
         | them when at a station or people getting hit by sewage in the
         | country side when a train passes. Additionally the toilets need
         | to be accessible and environmental friendly nowadays.
         | 
         | Sadly all of this adds complexity and more possibilities for
         | failure.
         | 
         | In Switzerland we have bioreactors [1] in newer trains which
         | are like a mini sewage treatment plants. These are still very
         | new and still have bugs that are being worked out such as how
         | much oxygen needs to be provided etc. Until recently it caused
         | a bad smell at the main station which is ironic since that is
         | what we used to have in the 80s with the old dumb toilets.
         | 
         | [1] https://news.sbb.ch/artikel/114447/unangenehmer-geruch-
         | aus-b... (German)
        
           | fransje26 wrote:
           | Yes, but nothing in your answer actually justifies why the
           | locking mechanism needs to be so complicated. As the previous
           | poster rightly pointed out, airplanes are also not slinging
           | shit overboard at Mach 0.8, and they manage with a perfectly
           | simple sliding mechanism. Or, staying with modern trains, the
           | French TGVs also don't have such an over-engineered
           | solution.. Although, agreed, they don't have on board nuclear
           | reactors to prenuke their toilet waste.. That might warrant a
           | 3 button system with voice control..
        
           | midasuni wrote:
           | There's no reason you can't flush in a station - modern
           | trains don't just drop onto the track (and people have to
           | work on the track, so the station is just a PR thing to avoid
           | offending passengers)
           | 
           | In the U.K. any train from the last 30 years fills a tank,
           | like an RV, including ones with physical locks.
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | These train door locks also report to a light at the front of
         | the train that the toilet is occupied. That way you know where
         | on the train the nearest unoccupied toilet is, and can decide
         | to stay in your seat a bit longer or venture to a further away
         | part of the train if your need is desperate.
         | 
         | They also auto-close the toilet door when not in use to keep
         | smells away.
         | 
         | And the main reason: Doors aren't really wheelchair friendly -
         | many wheelchair users aren't strong or agile enough to move a
         | door.
         | 
         | With those 3 things to deal with, it's pretty hard to design a
         | mechanical door system that can meet everyone's requirements.
         | 
         | Having said that, the UI could certainly be better. I would
         | personally have had the 'close' button require to be held down
         | the whole time the door is closing. If you release the button
         | early, the door opens again. Only when it is fully closed will
         | it then stay closed and 'locked'. No need for an actual
         | mechanical lock, but there should be a big red padlock light
         | that comes on.
        
           | zettabomb wrote:
           | While that certainly explains _why_ they might use a
           | microcontroller, it 's certainly not necessary. The lock can
           | be connected to a simple switch used for signalling
           | occupancy, same as any security or commercial fire protection
           | system. Auto-closing and auto-opening are akin to an
           | automatic door, which operates just fine as a regular door,
           | but has a fairly dumb motor attached for accessibility.
           | Perhaps the microcontroller solution ended up being cheaper -
           | but based on this (particularly going to out of order after
           | such a trivial "hack"), the mechanical solution is far more
           | robust, because at worst you can still operate the door
           | manually.
        
         | beau_g wrote:
         | It's a treasure trove of data to know the bathroom utilization
         | rate normalized for passenger volume and time spent per
         | session. Maybe train bathrooms are highly unoptimized. Do
         | trains which frequent downtown areas with bars and sports
         | stadiums need more bathrooms? Maybe there is some kind of flex
         | use option for low passenger count trains to make use of that
         | space but also provide a buffer for commute hours? Does the
         | speed/acceleration/jerk of the train impact bathroom habits?
         | Could this be used as an early warning system for possible food
         | poisoning outbreaks? How can all of this be factored into ads
         | we can serve the bathroom user?
        
       | IshKebab wrote:
       | People definitely got confused by the old design, but I don't
       | understand why they didn't go with the obvious fix: just add an
       | unlock button.
       | 
       | Or use a mechanical lock that people can obviously trust.
       | 
       | The worst designed toilet lock I ever saw was some kind of weird
       | button you push to lock it. It was so untrustworthy (in the sense
       | that you couldn't tell if it had really locked) that the owners
       | had put up a sign explaining exactly what to do to lock the door
       | and that yes it really was locked.
        
       | mst wrote:
       | > Of course, there is a reason for the separation of the closing
       | and locking functions, but not the opening and unlocking
       | functions: it avoids a Denial of Service attack where someone can
       | just press "close" and then jump out before the door closes. If
       | the interior "close" button automatically locked the door, this
       | would result in the toilet becoming permanently inaccessible.
       | 
       | There was a class of rolling stock used on UK lines (I
       | encountered them over near Bradford IIRC) that had precisely that
       | misdesign for the inside close button.
       | 
       | I had to be really careful using those because my natural reflex
       | is to hit 'close' on my way out for tidiness' sake, and I think I
       | actually -did- the first time I used one of those and only
       | realised what I'd done to my fellow commuters immediately after I
       | heard the click.
        
       | ajsnigrutin wrote:
       | > Of course, there is a reason for the separation of the closing
       | and locking functions, but not the opening and unlocking
       | functions: it avoids a Denial of Service attack where someone can
       | just press "close" and then jump out before the door closes. If
       | the interior "close" button automatically locked the door, this
       | would result in the toilet becoming permanently inaccessible.
       | 
       | This was done in my elementary school (~7-15yo) "back in my
       | times", with analog doors with hand-turned locks. Those door
       | locks usually had a 'screw-like' interface on the outside
       | (similar to this: https://m.media-
       | amazon.com/images/I/51KhCg9ZDFL.jpg ), so one of the kids would
       | "have to pee" 5 minutes before the end of the lesson, go to the
       | toilets and lock all the doors from outside with a
       | screwdriver/swiss army knife so all of the toilet stalls would
       | seem occupied.
        
         | Metacelsus wrote:
         | In elementary school I would lock the stall from inside, and
         | then climb over the top :)
        
           | grishka wrote:
           | You guys had stalls with doors and locks in your school
           | toilets? Fancy.
        
             | Loughla wrote:
             | We had dividers that went to your chest height and no
             | doors. Like a prison.
             | 
             | This was to eliminate smoking in the bathrooms.
             | 
             | It did, and nobody used them.
             | 
             | We just smoked outside the back of the building.
        
               | ajsnigrutin wrote:
               | We had full on stalls with brick/cement walls up to the
               | ceiling (stall sized still, but private), so even the
               | farts were muffled. Communist construction was no joke.
               | Later in college, with some "modernized", capitalist
               | toilets, we got an "open room", thin wooden "walls" that
               | left the botton 20 centimeters open and left a gap on
               | top.
               | 
               | In the old part of the buildings, we still had proper
               | stalls, some even with a small sink inside the stall.
        
               | brnt wrote:
               | I could never do number two in those board separated
               | toilets. This was primary school, fortunately my high
               | school had proper toilets.
        
               | owl57 wrote:
               | > We just smoked outside the back of the building.
               | 
               | I don't care if someone smokes, as long as I don't have
               | to inhale the smoke. A lot of campaigns against smoking
               | in public places, from school until today, made life
               | unpleasant and dangerous for people like me: smoke filled
               | the few remaining non-enforced places, from bathrooms to
               | elevators to airport exits. Turns out there's correlation
               | between "smoking ban not enforced" and "I can't avoid
               | going there". Whenever they instead end up with smokers
               | gathering in the corner of the street I know to avoid:
               | that's great, hope that no one disturbs smoking in that
               | corner as long as possible!
        
       | jack_riminton wrote:
       | This isn't a hack
        
       | lofaszvanitt wrote:
       | Guy moves like some archenemy from a game :D.
        
       | eCa wrote:
       | > Of course, there is a reason for the separation of the closing
       | and locking functions, but not the opening and unlocking
       | functions
       | 
       | There's also a psychological aspect to performing the separate
       | action of locking.
       | 
       | There are trains in Denmark that only have the 'close' button.
       | Quite jarring the first time.
        
       | ijhuygft776 wrote:
       | bad design... almost as bad as most software.
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | A traditional sliding deadbolt[1], which cannot be locked while
       | the door is open since the tongue will prevent the door from
       | closing completely, takes very little force to operate (for those
       | arguing that this overly complex design is "because
       | accessibility"), and can be combined with a switch to prevent the
       | power operated mechanism from attempting to move the door if the
       | lock isn't all the way open (i.e. the switch actuates before the
       | tongue protrudes.)
       | 
       | But in this case they clearly attempted to complicate things as
       | much as possible, so no surprise that additional edge-case bugs
       | and points of failure were also introduced.
       | 
       | [1] https://i.redd.it/3mclitgdus6b1.jpg
        
         | LtWorf wrote:
         | And how do you deal when someone felt sick inside a toilet? Or
         | when a little child locked himself and can't unlock? Or when
         | someone without a ticket went in?
        
           | userbinator wrote:
           | _And how do you deal when someone felt sick inside a toilet?
           | Or when a little child locked himself and can 't unlock?_
           | 
           | You add a mechanical override cylinder. Conversely, I could
           | ask "how do you deal with electronic failures that leave the
           | door locked?"
           | 
           |  _Or when someone without a ticket went in?_
           | 
           | If you got on the train, you already have a ticket. Or do you
           | need a separate ticket just to enter the toilet(!?)
        
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