[HN Gopher] Majority of America's underground water stores are d...
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       Majority of America's underground water stores are drying up, study
       finds
        
       Author : santaz01
       Score  : 67 points
       Date   : 2024-01-24 21:38 UTC (1 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (thehill.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (thehill.com)
        
       | nwah1 wrote:
       | With solar energy prices plummeting, it may make sense during
       | peak production hours to use it to do desalination and/or extract
       | water from the air, depending on where you are.
        
         | cyanydeez wrote:
         | they're testing some new tech that directly uses the sun to
         | desalinate.
         | 
         | Really, what's required for the electric grid is ways to store
         | the energy, and not use it.
         | 
         | For places like Arizona, they may need a whole different type
         | of infrastructure of grey water use. Just piping in water ain't
         | gonna be sustainable.
        
           | bryanlarsen wrote:
           | Water is a lot easier to store than electricity. Desalinate
           | while the sun is shining to fill a reservoir that you can
           | pull from 24/7.
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | True, but it isn't energy, and desal requires firm
             | generation, so you're not using renewables that would've
             | been curtailed but instead competing with load that needs
             | consistent power. Still hopeful considering the cost
             | decline curve of utility scale storage, but it isn't a
             | silver bullet based on solar being free at noon.
        
               | nosrepa wrote:
               | But water in a reservoir is one of the oldest ways of
               | storing energy.
        
             | mjhay wrote:
             | Why do you need to desalinate it to use it for energy
             | storage? Seems like an unnecessary step that would not
             | increase the gravitational potential energy at all.
        
           | tedk-42 wrote:
           | > they're testing some new tech that directly uses the sun to
           | desalinate.
           | 
           | We should be implementing technologies we have now today
           | rather than banking on something that might or might not pan
           | out.
           | 
           | I don't hate the idea of piping water throughout areas or
           | creating artificial enclosed canals of sorts.
           | 
           | But then I'm on the side of thinking that we should advance
           | and terraform the planet rather than try to be more one with
           | nature and cut back.
        
             | arcticbull wrote:
             | So a nuclear power plant adjacent to the ocean and a desal
             | plant?
        
               | zer00eyz wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukushima_nuclear_accident
               | 
               | We can have safe nuclear power, right after we invent
               | safe people. Till you solve the human problem nukes are
               | bad mmmkay.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | Nobody died in Fukushima, except in a bungled evacuation
               | of the surrounding area. Maybe one person in the fullness
               | of time. Nuclear power is literally the safest power
               | source in deaths per TWh - right between wind and solar.
               | [1]
               | 
               | We have safe nuclear power, so I'm pleased to inform you
               | that your concern was mitigated, about 50 years ago.
               | 
               | [edit] Also, I would point out the worst nuclear accident
               | in history killed 4000 people according to USCEAR. The
               | next-worst killed 1. The worst hydro accident in history
               | (Bangqiao Dam) killed 240,000, damaged 5 million homes,
               | displaced 10.5 million people and wiped several cities
               | off the face of the earth - yet for some reason it
               | doesn't share the same perception of intense danger.
               | Interesting. [2]
               | 
               | [1] https://ourworldindata.org/safest-sources-of-energy
               | 
               | [2]
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Banqiao_Dam_failure
        
               | zer00eyz wrote:
               | Great, we're looking at deaths till the point of
               | generation.
               | 
               | 4.5 billion years, is the half life of uranium. Come back
               | to me with stats then....
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster
               | 
               | We're going to be pouring money into that shit show for
               | probably a 1000 years, and an exclusion zone for 20,000.
               | 
               | So if you want to move next to Fukushima or Chernobyl you
               | can preach safe nuclear from there, other wise stop the
               | nonsene. The same companies that kill people with coal,
               | and gas lines, and Power lines (lookin at you PGE) dont
               | need to run nuclear plants. They are untrustworthy.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | This really smacks of Brandolini's law, or the "bullshit
               | asymmetry principle" where debunking claims takes much
               | more effort than making them. [1]
               | 
               | Just going to go ahead and end this here.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandolini%27s_law
        
               | distortionfield wrote:
               | We can have safe nuclear, full stop. Your FUD
               | notwithstanding.
        
           | jsbisviewtiful wrote:
           | > they're testing some new tech that directly uses the sun to
           | desalinate.
           | 
           | I'm intrigued. Link?
        
         | darth_avocado wrote:
         | It's like trying to use a hammer to screw some bolts. The
         | priority should be sustainable development. We have enough
         | water, just not great usage. The water infrastructure we have
         | today is aged and needs to expand to allow for the population
         | growth the country has seen. On top of that, we are expanding
         | cities in parts of the country where water is scarce. We are
         | growing water intensive crops in parts of the country that does
         | not have water for it. We are also mismanaging the largest
         | watershed in the country: the Missisippi. Just focus on these
         | problems than creating other problems with desalination.
        
         | justinzollars wrote:
         | > solar energy prices plummeting
         | 
         | Shopping for solar in California, prices aren't plummeting.
         | With high interest rates, solar no longer makes economic sense.
         | Its more expensive than ever. Many solar installers are facing
         | bankruptcy because the market has collapsed.
        
         | isk517 wrote:
         | Cool, out of everything in Star Wars it turns out moisture
         | farming was the thing that would make it to real life.
        
       | Mistletoe wrote:
       | I think the future is going to find the past 100 years or so an
       | insane time in history as we used all the fossil fuels and water
       | up in the blink of an eye on the historical time scale.
        
         | withinboredom wrote:
         | Waiting for the day when the US invades a country for having
         | nuclear weapons and steals all their water in tiny plastic
         | bottles?
        
           | NegativeLatency wrote:
           | Why invade another country when you can do such insane things
           | as:
           | 
           | - pipeline the Columbia River to the SW Region: https://en.wi
           | kipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_interstate_water_pipe...
           | 
           | - tow icebergs for the fresh water they contain:
           | https://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/feature/can-icebergs-be-
           | towed-t...
           | 
           | - pipe water from Alaska to CA:
           | https://www.wired.com/2015/02/california-pipe-water-alaska/
        
             | npongratz wrote:
             | - pipe water shared with Canada out of the Great Lakes, up
             | and over the Rocky Mountains, and down into Phoenix and Las
             | Vegas: https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2017
             | /04/10/g...
        
         | Workaccount2 wrote:
         | IF we didn't find fossil fuels, in all likely hood we would
         | still be living in the 18th century.
        
           | leptons wrote:
           | Electricity came up around the same time and never stopped -
           | the tech involved with electronics and electric everything
           | has far surpassed that of oil and gas. There were electric
           | cars at the same time ICEs were being invented. Oil and gas
           | won for selfish reasons.
        
         | busyant wrote:
         | > an insane time in history as we used all the fossil fuels and
         | water up in the blink of an eye on the historical time scale.
         | 
         | I'm probably not telling you anything you didn't already know,
         | but this is what exponential growth does. Even when the
         | exponent is tiny.
         | 
         | If I had a solution to the impending energy / water crunch,
         | somebody would've thought of it already. :-(
        
       | snagglemouth wrote:
       | Meanwhile Nestle is pumping thousands of gallons per minute out
       | of aquifers to put into plastic bottles.
        
         | justrealist wrote:
         | Literally 0 impact as compared to farming.
        
           | alan-hn wrote:
           | At least farming feeds people rather than taking water from
           | communities purely for profit
        
             | arcticbull wrote:
             | In a way - it mostly provides for dairy, which is an
             | incredibly lossy operation.
             | 
             | The "alfalfa in the desert" stuff you hear about isn't for
             | salads. It's feed for cattle.
             | 
             | A gallon of milk requires [edit](4-5 gallons excluding
             | consumption for growing feed, ~800 gallons, contested,
             | fully realized)[1, 2] and a pound of beef requires
             | somewhere in the neighborhood of 2000 gallons. [3]
             | 
             | Beef is where the water goes, not Nestle water bottles,
             | which are silly too. You drink about 185 gallons of water
             | per year, meaning 1 pound of beef consumes 10 years worth
             | of your personal drinking budget. Assuming you drank every
             | single drop out of a Nestle water bottle, it really does
             | round to zero compared to agriculture.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.watereducation.org/post/food-facts-how-
             | much-wate...
             | 
             | [2] https://www.statista.com/statistics/1092652/volume-of-
             | water-...
             | 
             | [3] https://www.watercalculator.org/news/articles/beef-
             | king-big-...
        
               | Solvency wrote:
               | Do you realize that the US native buffalo population used
               | to be as high as 30 to 60 million before we decimated
               | them?
               | 
               | 30 to 60. million. grazers. Roaming the countryside,
               | eating and pooping and fertilizing our soil. Remember
               | when the US had some of the most fertile, nutrient-rich
               | soil in the entire world? Remember how perfectly balanced
               | our ecosystem was before we ruined it?
               | 
               | The issue is not ruminants. It's everything else we've
               | done to this planet throwing everything life carefully
               | manicured into disarray.
        
               | nullhole wrote:
               | On the plus side there are a lot more people who get to
               | be alive now.
        
               | Faaak wrote:
               | there are ~90M cattle in the US, so more than before ?
        
               | darth_avocado wrote:
               | We eat about 40 million cows and 125 million pigs every
               | year, and more than 8 Billion chicken. These are just the
               | ones that are killed each year, the actual livestock
               | inventory is much higher for cows, around 90 million
               | cows. We absolutely will have to cut back production if
               | we want to "sustainably" farm cattle.
        
               | dataviz1000 wrote:
               | You are correct. We have 8,000,000,000 people to feed,
               | mostly carnivors, with their cats and dogs. I was in
               | Mexico two weeks ago getting lectured about how the
               | imperial US imports GMO corn into Mexico. If it wasn't
               | for the GMO corn millions of people will starve on their
               | staple diet of cow, pig, chicken, and corn. I flew into
               | Seoul for the first time last night and found a hole in
               | the wall restaurant. The kimchi and tofu soup was
               | recommended. I wish access to vegetarian food that tastes
               | that good inexpensively was available everywhere.
        
               | rickydroll wrote:
               | > It's feed for cattle.
               | 
               | Saudi Dairy. All that alfalfa grown with groundwater in
               | the desert is shipped to a country that banned growing
               | alfalfa with groundwater in the desert.
               | 
               | https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/in-drought-
               | stricken-ar...
               | 
               | https://www.fastcompany.com/90963878/arizona-is-evicting-
               | a-s...
        
               | phpisthebest wrote:
               | now do almonds..... Which alot of people want to use as a
               | replacement for things like Milk, or Flour....
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | Yes, almonds require a lot of water to grow also. Rice,
               | oat, soy and coconut require orders of magnitude less.
        
               | phpisthebest wrote:
               | "It takes a bonkers 1,611 US gallons (6,098 litres) to
               | produce 1 litre of almond milk," says the Sustainable
               | Restaurant Association's Pete Hemingway." [1]
               | 
               | So that would be 6,000 gallons of water to make 1 Gallon
               | of Almond Milk... that seems to be more than your 800
               | Gallon figure for cow milk....
               | 
               | Also you will take my Steak and Hamburger over my dead
               | body... America will never, not in may life time, give up
               | Beef, it is after all what is for dinner.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.theguardian.com/food/2018/sep/05/ditch-
               | the-almon...
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | Where did you get the idea I supported almond production
               | for milk substitutes. I specifically cited other much
               | lower water usage milk substitutes.
               | 
               | > Also you will take my Steak and Hamburger over my dead
               | body... America will never, not in may life time, give up
               | Beef, it is after all what is for dinner.
               | 
               | Also not relevant, but ok. I'll make a note of it.
               | 
               | Personally, I think meat should just be much more
               | expensive, representing the actual consumption of
               | resources in its production. That way we could just let
               | the market sort it out.
        
               | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
               | > The "alfalfa in the desert" stuff you hear about isn't
               | for salads. It's feed for cattle.
               | 
               | Worse. It's feed for Chinese cattle in China. Alfalfa is
               | shippable, and it gets shipped to the Chinese mainland.
               | Economically speaking, alfalfa and water are pretty
               | fungible, one's as good as the other, and they're buying
               | it up subsidized by the US government to the detriment of
               | American taxpayers. If we taxed alfalfa sold abroad to
               | make the price reasonable, that nonsense would stop
               | immediately.
        
             | asimilator wrote:
             | Farming is not done for profit?
        
             | pfannkuchen wrote:
             | People do drink the water, presumably.
        
               | alan-hn wrote:
               | They could have drank it for free or for minimal tax
               | investment but now they have to give money to Nestle to
               | do so while also polluting the planet with plastic
               | bottles
        
         | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
         | Thousands of gallons per minute is not much on the scale of the
         | US.
         | 
         | The Mississippi alone has a flow rate of almost ~6M gallons per
         | minute.
         | 
         | The US uses almost ~500M gallons of water per minute.
         | 
         | Nestle is a pretty large user of water and if it's even 5k
         | gallons per minute that's 1 in 100,000 gallons.
        
       | freitzkriesler2 wrote:
       | Article mentions California a lot.
       | 
       | There is absolutely zero reason that California's cities cannot
       | be fed with nuclear heated desalinated seawater or heck,
       | traditionally desalinated sea water.
       | 
       | The only thing holding back this engineering solution are NIMBYs,
       | naive greenies, and mountains of legal paperwork.
       | 
       | Water doesn't go away and we have the solutions to make
       | freshwater. The problems are political, not technical.
       | 
       | Tha solves the city consumption problem which can then allow
       | water run off from the mountains back into the valley where it
       | used to be. That will help restore the aquafiers.
       | 
       | Read up on what the California valleys used to look like before
       | the water was siphoned away to the coastal cities.
        
         | parl_match wrote:
         | > before the water was siphoned away to the coastal cities.
         | 
         | Hell, a lot of that wasn't even for cities. Significant and
         | massive lakes, including Lake Tulare, were siphoned away simply
         | to create farmland.
        
         | mjhay wrote:
         | The great majority of water usage in California is for
         | agriculture, not "coastal cities." Things like drip irrigation
         | and not growing alfalfa in the desert are far more realistic
         | (and cheaper) than what you are proposing. This is a solvable
         | problem, even with climate change, but there aren't going to be
         | any silver bullets.
        
           | scythe wrote:
           | You're both right. The Owens River Valley was desiccated to
           | ship the water to the Los Angeles region, back when the
           | latter was primarily agricultural in the 1920s.
        
         | 303uru wrote:
         | Pinning water usage on city elites, lol, now that's some mental
         | gymnastics. Ya, I'm not sure "NIMBYs" are going to be super
         | into a nuclear power plant driving a desalination plant with a
         | water pipeline that stretches out into the desert to farms.
        
           | zer00eyz wrote:
           | "nuclear power plant"
           | 
           | We dont build these because people fuck them up.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Bruno_pipeline_explosion
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_Fire_(2018)
           | 
           | Is this the company you want having a nuclear plant in CA?
        
       | okokwhatever wrote:
       | New story for the next 6 years: water
        
         | FrustratedMonky wrote:
         | Technically, water has been a story for the last few decades
         | already. Not new.
         | 
         | It's bit overshadowed lately by other world events.
         | 
         | There was even a James Bond movie made about it.
         | 
         | Water used to be the biggest concern. Guess other problems
         | caught up to it.
        
           | Moru wrote:
           | It's more a question about trying not to concentrate on
           | something that will mean a lot of change for the worse.
        
           | cardamomo wrote:
           | I'll keep plugging Paolo Bacigalupi's 2015 novel The Water
           | Knife. It's sci-fi, but set against a near-future Southwest
           | US where many contemporary crises have only gotten worse.
        
         | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
         | Between climate change, nuclear war, AI, resource famines, and
         | political instability, we're only missing alien invasion and
         | the return of the AntiChrist to complete the set of possible
         | apocalypses.
        
       | 303uru wrote:
       | There may be good news on this front.
       | 
       | Most of this water is being used to farm, specifically to grow
       | feed crops for cattle. Anyone that can hearken back to elementary
       | school will remember that you lose a lot of energy in the food
       | chain. It takes an absolute shitton of water to get to a steak,
       | 1800 gallons for one 16oz cut
       | (https://www.denverwater.org/tap/whats-beef-water). But a
       | demographic crises is coming. I was just at the stock show here
       | in Denver and yes, ranchers are very much framing this as a
       | crises. 12% of the population is eating half the beef, males
       | 50-65 (https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/17/3795). This group is
       | dying off quickly, quicker even than their peers, as increased
       | beef consumption is a big predictor of early mortality. Younger
       | populations are curbing beef consumption for chicken and it's far
       | more water efficient.
        
       | nbow wrote:
       | Gotta keep them desert gold courses looking fresh... Looking at
       | you Utah.
        
         | taftster wrote:
         | Huh? Golf courses I assume?
         | 
         | Not that I know, but it would be interesting to have a study of
         | water usage for golf courses. I suspect it's mostly minimal
         | impact, even if it's also superfluous use.
        
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