[HN Gopher] Experimental use of pig liver to filter blood offers...
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       Experimental use of pig liver to filter blood offers hope for
       patients
        
       Author : PaulHoule
       Score  : 45 points
       Date   : 2024-01-24 16:06 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | kwanbix wrote:
       | In the meantime, if you can (no religious issues, no health
       | issues), register yourself as a donor.
        
       | todd3834 wrote:
       | I always find it interesting how humans and pigs seem more
       | related than monkeys when it comes to our skin and other organs.
       | I would expect a monkey liver would be a more obvious
       | replacement.
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | Pigs have a diet similar to us so their digestive system and
         | related metabolic systems are pretty similar.
         | 
         | That's one reason why their feces are so offensive compared to
         | real herbivores like horses or cows or carnivores like cats and
         | dogs.
        
         | taneq wrote:
         | Hah, you thought we were Mon'keigh but we are actually Ork.
        
         | throwup238 wrote:
         | They're not more related, they're just roughly the same size as
         | human organs which makes them physically convenient. Their
         | distance to humans is actually a desired trait because it
         | decreases the probability of a zoonotic infection crossing into
         | humans. Monkeys are susceptible to many more diseases that
         | effect humans too, especially when invasively transplanted.
         | 
         | Using monkeys for transplantation is also completely
         | impractical because they can't be bred as fast as pigs which
         | have shorter gestation periods and larger litters. Since there
         | is already a huge industry revolving around pigs, its much
         | simpler to breed them specifically for xenotransplantion
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | Primates are terrible to handle too. Try to stick them with a
           | needle and they might grab it and stick you. I think the only
           | primate which is (possibly) more agreeable than humans is the
           | gorilla.
        
             | LiquidPolymer wrote:
             | Believe it or not the higher primates can be trained to
             | accept injections voluntarily. I've seen this in person
             | with chimpanzees, orangutans, guenons, and gibbons. The
             | general procedure involves a plastic sleeve attached to a
             | barrier the primate sticks its arm into. The sleeve has a
             | large port for a veterinary technician to prep the
             | injection site. A handle at the end allows the animal to
             | grasp a bar to keep the arm stationary. It can withdraw the
             | arm at anytime. High value treats are offered. The
             | veterinary technician announced loudly "sticking!" and in
             | goes the needle. The announcement is for the animal's
             | awareness to expect the pinch of pain from the needle. Once
             | complete a "jackpot" of extremely high value treats are
             | offered and accepted.
        
               | andyjohnson0 wrote:
               | Interesting. How is an untrained primate helped to get
               | past the initial unexpected pain before the treat is made
               | available?
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | It is one of those things like an electric shock for
               | which the reaction to the pain is much worse than the
               | tissue damage. I was quite surprised to see how terrified
               | a Percheron draft horse (who hated fences and would go
               | over or through them if it could) was of the electric
               | fence that felt like a tiny 'pop" to me. When I touched
               | it while standing in a puddle with rubber boots that had
               | a hole in them I understood a little better...
        
               | acchow wrote:
               | Sounds like the horse really did feel significant pain
               | but you didn't realize it at first because you had
               | protection from shoes?
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | Somewhat. That horse really hated fences, which was one
               | reason why he didn't fit in on our farm. If he really
               | knew the shock was harmless and that freedom was one the
               | other side I can picture him crashing right through it.
               | But I'd imagine it hurts more with four feet pressed hard
               | into the ground by a ton of weight.
               | 
               | Other horses really don't mind fences. Our neighbors got
               | their SUV stuck driving around one Saturday night and
               | then got a truck stuck trying to get it out (forgot the
               | law of physics that says you should always tow a vehicle
               | downhill if you at all can) and they came over looking
               | for help. We took our tractor out there and cut a hole in
               | the fence to get in to get them unstuck.
               | 
               | They never patched the hole but the horses they had
               | stayed in for about a year and half until they discovered
               | we had horses too after which they would come around to
               | see our horses whenever they could and they learned they
               | could just jump over the fence and come up to our place
               | on the road.
               | 
               | They didn't have the right equipment to hitch them so I
               | would take the horses to their place and tie them up with
               | haystrings and such and leave angry messages on the
               | answering machine.
               | 
               | At one point I changed my tack and decided to leave a
               | nice message on their answering machine requesting that
               | they pick up their horse. I offered them a pail of grain
               | which would have let them catch the horse easily but
               | instead they chased the horse around the outside of our
               | electric fence which is bordered by hedgerows on both
               | sides and after they got around to the other side I
               | caught the horse immediately with the grain and handed it
               | to them. After that they sold it right away.
        
         | andrewla wrote:
         | I think the fact is that the similarity is "close enough", and
         | for reasons unrelated to medical science, there are A LOT of
         | pigs.
        
         | strangattractor wrote:
         | There is a reason Pacific islanders once used the term "Long
         | Pig" for human flesh:)
        
       | pazimzadeh wrote:
       | It would be nice if there was a link to the paper, if there is
       | one, what the genetic modifications were, and what the points of
       | failure were.
       | 
       | Similar studies with human blood have been done by my mom's
       | research group
       | (https://www.massgeneral.org/transplant/cts/research/pierson-...)
       | with up to 850 minutes of perfusion with six genetic
       | modifications to the pig liver. The main point of failure was
       | that pig liver acts like a sponge for human platelets, which is
       | not supposed to happen.
       | 
       | hEPCR.hTBM.hCD47.hHO-1 with donor clodronate and DDAVP treatment
       | improves perfusion and function of GalTKO.hCD46 porcine livers
       | perfused with human blood
       | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35166407/
       | 
       | The pig liver can also chop up human reb blood cells for unclear
       | reasons:
       | 
       | Human erythrocyte fragmentation during ex-vivo pig organ
       | perfusion https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35112383/
       | 
       | eGenesis in the Guardian article is a competitor to Revivicor, in
       | the articles I linked.
       | 
       | My mom's lab led in this area of research and when she was dying
       | of cancer she wanted to be used for this type of experiment, but
       | her wish wasn't granted. It's good to see that more people are
       | willing to donate their body to this type of research. However it
       | seems like the various groups working on xenotransplantation are
       | more and more silo'd from each other instead of collaborating,
       | which is sad.
        
         | strangattractor wrote:
         | Think how much a solution to organ donation would be worth.
         | Cash kills collaboration(r)
        
       | yukkuri wrote:
       | Good on the family for being clear minded enough to allow the
       | experiment
        
       | BlackLotus89 wrote:
       | > The University of Pennsylvania announced the novel experiment
       | on Thursday, a different spin on animal-to-human organ
       | transplants
       | 
       | This was done over thirty years ago...
       | 
       | https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/woman-saved-by-pig-l...
       | 
       | There is even a house md episode (S1E15 "Mob rules") utilizing
       | it..... Am I missing something?
        
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       (page generated 2024-01-24 23:01 UTC)