[HN Gopher] Pentagon moves to declassify some secret space progr...
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       Pentagon moves to declassify some secret space programs and
       technologies
        
       Author : Brajeshwar
       Score  : 129 points
       Date   : 2024-01-24 14:19 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.space.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.space.com)
        
       | dgrin91 wrote:
       | I wonder if this will lead to any more info about the X-37
        
         | sandworm101 wrote:
         | Not likely. This seems to be about moving things from very very
         | top secret to only very top secret, low enough to share with
         | more civilian contractors but still far away from public
         | knowledge... until someone with a high-mobility cubesat starts
         | puttering around taking pictures up there.
        
           | facialwipe wrote:
           | Riiight because a "high-mobility cubesat" (whatever that is)
           | could ever intercept an orbiting X-37.
        
       | tw04 wrote:
       | This is essentially about letting Space-X in on more military
       | missions that today they can only pass through Boeing and co.
       | 
       | Presumably Space-X wasn't willing to take an entire chunk of
       | staff and dedicate them to military-only missions and/or had
       | staff that couldn't even pass the stringent security clearance
       | requirements. The US government still wants to utilize them for
       | missions, especially with starship and its payload capacity on
       | the near horizon.
        
         | alephnerd wrote:
         | It will also help Boeing, Lockheed Martin, and other military
         | contractors as well.
         | 
         | It's good to see the changes happening to help better support
         | our R&D capacity.
         | 
         | The old method of having a single contractor monopolize an
         | entire SKU was slowing down innovation and procurement.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | It'll only help Boeing if they can pull their head out of
           | their backside. To me, this is DoD realizing the Boeing can't
           | do what they claim they can and need a new vendor. It's just
           | that new vendor needs to have the rules modified a bit so
           | they can qualify.
        
             | alephnerd wrote:
             | Boeing Defense, Space & Security (BDS) is still fairly
             | competitive. The issues with Boeing are occurring in Boeing
             | Commercial Airplanes (BCA), which is basically just
             | McDonnell Douglas.
             | 
             | BDS and BCA are both essentially independent of each other.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Well, you're not reassuring me since Starliner cannot get
               | off the ground.
        
               | AlexAndScripts wrote:
               | Or keep its doors attached.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | When has Starliner not kept its doors attached? Following
               | the content of a thread is a pretty basic expectation.
               | Derailing it onto other subjects is not helpful nor
               | appreciated.
        
               | nebula8804 wrote:
               | Maybe it was one of the scripts talking instead of Alex
        
               | felixhandte wrote:
               | Probably referring to this: https://futurism.com/the-
               | byte/piece-falls-off-boeing-starlin...
        
             | Dalewyn wrote:
             | The DoD (or at least the US Air Force) has been _very_
             | aware Boeing can 't deliver for a long time, between the
             | KC-46 tanker and its inability to refuel, the F-15EX Eagle
             | II and its failing to deliver on marketing promises, the
             | V-22 Osprey and its _many_ crashes including the most
             | recent in November that led to a grounding across the
             | services, and more.
             | 
             | If this is a move to give Boeing's competitors (eg:
             | Lockheed Martin, SpaceX) more bidding power, I welcome it.
        
               | tomcam wrote:
               | How can these failures happen so routinely? Whenever I
               | think about the billions of dollars to go into these
               | programs I always imagine that they go through multiple
               | iterative prototypes so that they have something working
               | at all times. It seems to me that would be a way to
               | improve the chances of success at a likely higher cost to
               | start with. But the department of defense does not ever
               | seem to care about cost anyway.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | There are plenty of examples of military leadership _not_
               | wanting a program, but Congress shoves it down their
               | throats. So it 's not always as simple as it seems with
               | an appearance of DoD not caring. It is a consequence of
               | design by committee.
        
               | tomcam wrote:
               | Crap, I did forget about that. Thanks
        
               | signatoremo wrote:
               | > KC-46 tanker and its inability to refuel
               | 
               | Where do you get this? KC46 problem is not because it
               | can't refuel.
               | 
               | > F-15EX Eagle II and its failing to deliver on marketing
               | promises
               | 
               | Which promises? It's supposed to be a missile truck,
               | working in conjunction with F35, and it works well in
               | that role.
               | 
               | > V-22 Osprey and its many crashes including the most
               | recent in November that led to a grounding across the
               | services
               | 
               | It's called Bell Boeing V22 for a reason. Bell is the
               | lead vendor and Boeing is the secondary. It was a Bell's
               | design. Bell Valor 280 which is a new tilt rotor design
               | won FLRAA contract last year.
               | 
               | Boeing make Chinook helicopter, well known for its
               | reliability.
        
         | TravisCooper wrote:
         | Agreed. Glad to see the "opening up" of Aerospace/Military that
         | SpaceX has enabled by simply being extremely competent. Anduril
         | is also making great plays in the Military contractor space.
         | They don't do "cost plus" projects, but design and build the
         | entire POC themselves then offer it to US Armed Forces.
        
         | sandworm101 wrote:
         | I think this is above anything spacex would need to be told
         | about. Spacex is the delivery driver. They need to know where
         | the sat is going, how much it weighs, and a bit about its
         | needs. They dont need to know what the sat is actually doing,
         | let alone how that function ties into any larger programs.
        
           | tintor wrote:
           | But they need to know if sat is hazardous and/or radioactive,
           | or what risks it posses to their vehicle.
        
             | sandworm101 wrote:
             | Sats are sats. They all have thrusters, antennas and solar
             | panels. They have a center of mass, various g limits and
             | have to fit inside the rocket. Everything else can be
             | hidden from the launch provider.
        
             | bell-cot wrote:
             | No they don't. Pre-launch satellites do not normally leak
             | toxic chemicals, nor emit noteworthy radiation, nor have
             | dangerous voltages on exposed surfaces, nor ...
             | 
             | And as a Plan B - any satellites filled with secret sauce
             | could easily be babysat (while in SpaceX's hands) by trusty
             | USSF TSgt Top-Secret, who's been trained in what to do if
             | things go horribly wrong.
        
           | dotancohen wrote:
           | > They need to know where the sat is going, how much it
           | weighs
           | 
           | Tell me that and I'll tell you what the bird is going to do.
           | Specific orbits have very specific purposes, usually. And
           | knowing the size and mass of a satellite gives a lot of
           | information, especially if I can look at it or even just a
           | blurry photograph of it.
        
             | scottyah wrote:
             | Nobody is launching anything into orbit in secret: once the
             | launch goes every country that cares to track it will be
             | able to. They can always add extra weight if they want to
             | obscure things to the launcher.
        
               | mjevans wrote:
               | Extra weight can even be propellant which provides a
               | bunch of options, including just extended service
               | lifetime.
        
         | sitzkrieg wrote:
         | as if spacex is not capable (and does) poach cleared personnel.
         | this is not uncommon
        
         | psunavy03 wrote:
         | No, this is not. This is an attempt to bring overclassification
         | under control, which has been admitted in the open press to be
         | an ongoing problem for DOD. No one ever got fired for being too
         | careful with classified. You can lose your job and your career
         | for not being careful enough. On balance this is a good thing,
         | because information is generally classified for a damn good
         | reason, and it's important to keep US adversaries from learning
         | our capabilities and what our playbook would be in a given
         | situation.
         | 
         | But it also culturally leads to the default behavior being
         | "don't share information." Which in turn leads to things being
         | more highly classified than they really need to be, which in
         | turn is a huge bureaucratic drag on getting things done beyond
         | just what may involve SpaceX or Boeing. This reads to be as
         | much or more an effort to make sure things are classified at a
         | sane level, and that the right information is sharable to
         | allies and partners who have the proper clearances. Foreign
         | disclosure of classified and managing information sharing
         | between allied governments is already a huge administrative
         | PITA that gets worse the more closely held the information is.
         | So this seems to be an effort to take a step back and say "OK,
         | let's not go round the bend with secrecy, let's balance
         | protecting our interests with sharing what our allies and
         | partners need to know."
        
           | alephnerd wrote:
           | > This is an attempt to bring overclassification under
           | control, which has been admitted in the open press to be an
           | ongoing problem for DOD
           | 
           | Can attest to this.
           | 
           | That and our messed up procurement process has caused too
           | much info getting siloed, and slowing down development [0]
           | 
           | [0] -
           | https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2023/06/09/america-
           | we...
        
           | jauntywundrkind wrote:
           | As well as he very practical uses you've stated for
           | combatting over-classification, there's one other big
           | exciting reason:
           | 
           | Government/governance runs on public trust, which is
           | maintained by governments doing things. If the government
           | won't talk about & share what it does, if everything is
           | secret, people will not believe in that government.
           | 
           | The government can generate belief in itself by talking about
           | & sharing the cool stuff it does. I'm excited for that to
           | happen more.
           | 
           | It was so so cool & weirdly motivational seeing KH-9 Hexagon
           | unveiled at Air and Space in 2011! I dropped everything last
           | minute to go see it. So cool. Hexagon was 40 year old film-
           | bssed satellite, but still so amazing to see, huge & wildly
           | ambitious. I hope this kind of reveal can happen again, can
           | increase in frequency, decrease in number of decades kept
           | cloaked.
        
             | JoshTriplett wrote:
             | > Government/governance runs on public trust, which is
             | maintained by governments doing things. If the government
             | won't talk about & share what it does, if everything is
             | secret, people will not believe in that government.
             | 
             | Exactly. The default should be "everything is shared unless
             | there's a very good reason for it to be secret", and
             | overclassification leads to the opposite mindset,
             | "everything is (top) secret unless someone goes to a great
             | deal of effort to declassify it".
        
         | elteto wrote:
         | It is most definitely not. SpaceX is certified to launch
         | whatever they can given their launch vehicle capabilities.
         | 
         | There is only a very small number of people at SpaceX that need
         | secret clearances for DOD or AF missions, and it's mostly
         | mission managers, not even most engineers. There's a point of
         | contact regarding the payload adapter (how the satellite hooks
         | and talks to the launch vehicle). But again, that is a very
         | minor thing.
         | 
         | There's maybe engineers with secret clearances working on
         | military projects, but those are isolated projects.
         | 
         | And if you need secret clearances they government will happily
         | screen your employees, or you poach people who have them. They
         | are most definitely not a hindrance in the big scheme of
         | things.
        
         | dotnet00 wrote:
         | Adding to the points made by others, military-only missions are
         | such a hard fought and profitable portion of SpaceX's launch
         | manifest, it's highly unlikely they'd be unwilling to do almost
         | anything to meet the security clearance requirements.
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | Is there some evidence of that?
        
       | igleria wrote:
       | > The policy does not mean that these programs and technologies
       | will now be fully unclassified and revealed to the public;
       | instead, it will lower their classification levels in order to
       | share some technologies and programs with private industry and
       | international allies to help the U.S. build an "asymmetric
       | advantage and force multiplier that neither China nor Russia
       | could ever hope to match," Plumb said in a DoD statement.
       | 
       | is this... propaganda for internal and/or external consumption?
        
         | MichaelZuo wrote:
         | Hard to say, the vast majority of people with 'Top Secret'
         | clearances don't ever read a single actual regular 'Top Secret'
         | document, even if they work at the same place for years.
         | 
         | So if it's declassified down it's unlikely more than maybe 50k
         | people will ever know about it.
         | 
         | But then again it could be some super secret thing where
         | previously only 500 people knew about it, or had the full
         | picture, so that would represent a substantial loosening of
         | restrictions.
        
           | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
           | Top secret really isn't that uncommon of a security
           | clearance. The timeliness of the information is usually what
           | makes it top secret with compartmentalization a norm for all
           | programs (need to know).
           | 
           | Most common thing I saw that was TS:SCI were future or active
           | deployment orders (as foreknowledge could have disastrous
           | consequences).
           | 
           | The really important stuff is under codeword programs. Even
           | if cleared, if knowledge isn't directly needed, then you
           | don't get regardless of clearance.
        
             | MichaelZuo wrote:
             | Yes, the statistic is that apparently over a million people
             | have 'Top Secret' clearances of some kind.
        
           | scottyah wrote:
           | If this is somewhere you work, you need to report this to
           | Fraud and Abuse. Clearances and billets cost money, if they
           | are not being used they have no Need to Know. From what
           | you've said, this is pretty clearly fraud.
           | 
           | https://www.dodig.mil/components/administrative-
           | investigatio...
        
         | empath-nirvana wrote:
         | It's just normal DoD puffery that's meant to get the policy
         | enacted.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | Nah, it's probably easier for adversaries to access information
         | within DoD than people inside with a need to use it.
        
       | BWStearns wrote:
       | Aside from increasing contractor availability this has the bonus
       | of increasing the access to these capabilities for actual
       | operations (both ours and our allies'). If your magic satellite
       | that can tell who in a crowd is running a fever is SAPed then you
       | might not be able to use it to help your troops or your allies
       | hunt down artillery launches (as an example). So then you need to
       | either do some parallel construction to mask the actual source of
       | the information or just sit by and not help at all.
       | 
       | So hopefully this means that we'll see some previously exotic
       | space capabilities trickle down into more pedestrian use cases.
        
         | nonameiguess wrote:
         | Source redaction has been possible and mostly automated for a
         | long time. Getting information to the front line or "tactical
         | edge" as they call it these days is more about file size, as
         | collections and the initial processed products carry quite a
         | bit of metadata and resolution that isn't needed, in formats
         | not commonly read by tablets and regular software.
         | 
         | As it stands, I recall seeing at least a few images of objects
         | in space in the news attributed to sources I know for an
         | absolute fact were not the real sources and no one I'm aware of
         | ever questioned it. So at least some of this stuff is already
         | getting disseminated to the public. It's pretty rare for the
         | content of an image to be classified. More often, it's
         | specifics of the collection capability, i.e. collection angles,
         | occlusion, weather conditions, or in many cases the fact that
         | something can be collected from space at all, but if you tell
         | the viewer it came from a ground telescope, or a collection of
         | the ground was from aircraft rather than satellite, they'll
         | believe it. They have no way of telling otherwise without
         | collection metadata.
         | 
         | Hopefully, this effort can further enhance the way files get
         | portion-marked to make it easier to release content when
         | metadata has been redacted, though. My still favorite anecdote
         | is analying test data in which the file was literally just
         | plain ASCII text of the preamble to the US Constitution but it
         | was marked TS/TK/NF because the collection capability was
         | sensitive enough that every file it generated automatically got
         | marked as such even though it had no metadata at all. It was
         | just text. The metadata was in a completely separate file.
        
       | aaroninsf wrote:
       | Idle comment,
       | 
       | among the many forces at work, one is the pressure resulting from
       | the recent intense push for UAP disclosure. Among the specific
       | actionable allegations that have brought by whistleblowers
       | (notably David Grusch) is that there is an exceptional and
       | unwarranted amount of money finding its way to defense and
       | aerospace companies for secret programs which are not subject to
       | congressional oversight; and that one of the conditions for this
       | state of affairs is the out of control evolved intensely siloed
       | classification system.
       | 
       | Independent of any allegations about e.g. NHI, numerous Reps have
       | clearly been motivated into action in this specific area--
       | following the money, which might better have been spent in say
       | their own districts--by what they have been told, e.g. in a much-
       | publicized SCIF briefing a week or so ago. And specifically by
       | being repeatedly stonewalled.
       | 
       | If there's one way to attract Congress' attention, it's to make
       | it clear that money they should have discretion over is being
       | spent in ways that are intentionally hidden from them.
       | 
       | Related: the estimated $1T the Pentagon has not been able to
       | account for in repeated audits.
        
       | readyplayernull wrote:
       | But are they declassifying the actual documents this time?
       | 
       | > The CIA started feeding flawed shuttle designs -- NASA rejects
       | -- to the Soviet spies, which they passed off as new
       | "improvements." It worked. Included in the phonies were outdated
       | heat shield designs that could have risked the spacecraft burning
       | up on reentry.
       | 
       | https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/real-life-rogu...
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | Declassification for contractors and the CIA passing
         | disinformation to enemy intelligence are very different things.
        
           | golergka wrote:
           | Is it? Wouldn't enemy intelligence see these contractors be
           | the prime targets for infiltration?
        
         | huytersd wrote:
         | How cool. I wonder if we still do awesome things like this.
        
           | nwah1 wrote:
           | Clinton tried to give fake nuclear weapons designs to Iran.
           | 
           | Unfortunately, the nuclear scientist patsy they used, who was
           | supposed to just deliver the designs, noticed some flaws. So
           | he corrected them.
           | 
           | So they now have the real designs.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Merlin
        
         | mjhay wrote:
         | > The CIA started feeding flawed shuttle designs -- NASA
         | rejects -- to the Soviet spies, which they passed off as new
         | "improvements." It worked. Included in the phonies were
         | outdated heat shield designs that could have risked the
         | spacecraft burning up on reentry.
         | 
         | They could have just given them the updated designs. Those
         | risked burning up on reentry too (and of course did in the case
         | of Columbia).
        
           | bagels wrote:
           | Yeah, joke's on NASA, the whole program and all the designs
           | were flawed.
        
       | aikwerhjliawj wrote:
       | It's important to note the cost savings of declassification.
       | Overclassification is incredibly expensive and burdensome (though
       | it also covers the asses of a lot of incompetent bureaucrats). I
       | used to work in the naval nuclear community. There are honestly
       | only a handful of numbers related to the nuclear power plant on
       | each class of ship that actually need to be classified, but every
       | single scrap of paper associated with the program is stamped
       | classified and it's incredibly time consuming and exhausting to
       | work with that mess.
       | 
       | I remember back in school one student got called in front of the
       | program CO and threatened with jail time for removing "classified
       | material" from the school building after barracks inspectors
       | found nuclear-related paperwork in the student's bedroom. (This
       | was years before the student was assigned to an actual ship where
       | they could learn the half dozen actually important secret
       | numbers.) The student pointed out that they did not remove any
       | paperwork from the school; the papers in their bedroom were
       | printouts from wikipedia. The student was ordered in writing to
       | not read about nuclear engineering outside of the school
       | building, regardless of the source. Even though it's all publicly
       | available information that is taught in any undergrad engineering
       | program.
        
         | MrDresden wrote:
         | > _..only a handful of numbers related to the nuclear power
         | plant on each class of ship that actually need to be
         | classified.._
         | 
         | What do you actually mean by _numbers_ in this context?
        
         | eitally wrote:
         | To tie this to the software development community, I used to
         | work in electronics manufacturing for a company that provided
         | services to defense contractors. The vast majority of my dev
         | team (SWEs, PMs, QA, Ops) were offshore, split between Latin
         | America & India mostly. The product owner & architect of one of
         | our team's key software services (shop floor test
         | integration/automation tools) was Brazilian. In one version of
         | the code he'd set some debug flags so he could triage an
         | intermittent error. Unbeknownst to everyone (I mean, we _should
         | have_ known, but didn 't think to check), the version was
         | deployed to prod in a factory building DoD stuff.
         | 
         | We got called not long after by the site's compliance officer
         | asking why classified data was being accessed by non-ITAR-
         | compliant personnel. It was explainable and we got through it
         | just by implementing and adhering to an additional deployment
         | control, but I still remember him telling us that the products
         | being built don't become classified until the serial number
         | label is applied to the board. That label is what ultimately
         | identifies the product and the program ... so if we had a way
         | of testing things without labeling them (for example, by
         | creating dummy labels that didn't mean anything but could still
         | be UUIDs), it was no problem. So then we adapted our software
         | to allow for these dummy serials for testing purposes ... and
         | we also created a classified compliance trigger in our BI tools
         | to prevent manufacturing history for any classified unit from
         | being visible to an non-compliant personnel after the
         | manufacturing step where the real SN label was applied.
         | 
         | Speaking of naval nuclear, I grew up in Lynchburg, VA, home of
         | BWXT, and my dad is a [retired] naval officer & nuclear
         | engineer who spent his career at B&W (commercial). I had
         | several friends who went to work at BWXT and they took data
         | controls extremely seriously. No computers (including cell
         | phones) allowed through the gate. No paper allowed back out,
         | and any new hire who didn't already have a security clearance
         | had to work in a physically airgapped (trailers, enclosed in
         | razor wire fencing) office on not much of anything until they
         | got cleared. For some it took 6-9 months after they were hired.
        
         | ender341341 wrote:
         | > The student was ordered in writing to not read about nuclear
         | engineering outside of the school building, regardless of the
         | source. Even though it's all publicly available information
         | that is taught in any undergrad engineering program.
         | 
         | that in particular seems extreme, but I know someone who worked
         | on nuclear reactors for the DOD and they were told to not
         | comment on/confirm anything related to nuclear as a CYA, even
         | if it was widely available public info.
        
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