[HN Gopher] Higher vehicle hoods significantly increase pedestri...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Higher vehicle hoods significantly increase pedestrian deaths,
       study finds
        
       Author : pseudolus
       Score  : 209 points
       Date   : 2024-01-23 17:54 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arstechnica.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arstechnica.com)
        
       | 082349872349872 wrote:
       | Interestingly, agricultural tractors have evolved to have
       | _better_ sightlines. Could that be because for these machines,
       | the pedestrian deaths are usually members of the tractor drivers
       | ' family?
       | 
       | https://www.profi.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2020/06/2...
       | 
       | vs
       | 
       | https://bigiron.blob.core.windows.net/public/items/72b53c753...
        
         | porphyra wrote:
         | Children keep getting killed by their own parents' SUVs
         | though...
        
           | mtoner23 wrote:
           | Some SUVs even have front cameras now to help see children
        
             | kayodelycaon wrote:
             | Mine also has cameras and radars on the sides. Makes
             | parking easier and backing out safer. The radars can see
             | speeding cars in the parking lot before I can. :)
        
         | Swizec wrote:
         | > Could that be because for these machines, the pedestrian
         | deaths are usually members of the tractor drivers' family
         | 
         | I have a different guess after seeing tractors in use as a kid:
         | Driving tractors is a high precision affair. You're moving
         | around expensive equipment that you don't want to bump. You're
         | plowing next to all sorts of hazards you don't want to fall
         | into. You have to park within an inch of attachments before
         | hooking them on.
         | 
         | Good sight lines help with all this.
        
           | riversflow wrote:
           | Also, tractors are built to do work, not keep their occupants
           | safe in a crash.
        
             | trgn wrote:
             | > not keep their occupants safe in a crash.
             | 
             | perfect expression of the tragedy of the commons. Until
             | there's top down government intervention, people choose to
             | be either part of the problem or part of the solution.
        
             | NikkiA wrote:
             | Not totally true, tractors gained roll bars and roll cages
             | 40 or so years ago for a reason, and it was safety.
        
           | alan-hn wrote:
           | One could say that navigating a large vehicle through streets
           | populated by humans should be considered a high precision
           | affair, or is the difference expensive equipment vs human
           | lives?
        
             | Swizec wrote:
             | > is the difference expensive equipment vs human lives?
             | 
             | The difference is in safety margins. You really shouldn't
             | drive a vehicle to within 2cm of any object on public
             | streets. Not even while parking. 0.5m (2ft) is about the
             | closest you should ever drive your car to anything really.
             | 
             | Whereas for a tractor getting within 2cm is normal
             | operating procedure. You won't be able to grab a 500kg
             | (1100lb) attachment and drag it over to your tractor
             | because you stopped too far away.
        
               | u32480932048 wrote:
               | > Not even while parking. 0.5m (2ft) is about the closest
               | you should ever drive your car to anything really.
               | 
               | I've lived in several US states and the law has always
               | been to park less than a foot from the curb.
        
             | axus wrote:
             | I try not to get within 6 feet of a human in my car, let
             | alone 6 inches.
        
               | alan-hn wrote:
               | It can be difficult to manage when you can't see them
               | over your hood
        
         | trgn wrote:
         | One of the reason I'm holding on to an old car, apart from out
         | of spite, is the big windows and fantastic visibility. It's
         | like stepping into a sunroom compared to new cars.
        
         | kube-system wrote:
         | Agricultural tractors aren't made with any consideration for
         | pedestrian safety. The reason they have good visibility is
         | because that makes them easier to use, and there is no other
         | competing reason not to surround the driver with a lot of
         | glass.
         | 
         | Passenger vehicles have other requirements that complicate
         | this:
         | 
         | 1. They must be attractive enough to sell in volume to the end
         | buyer
         | 
         | 2. They require large A-pillars to absorb crash impacts
         | 
         | You could make an SUV that looks big fish bowl, but it would be
         | difficult to simultaneously achieve safety targets and be a
         | commercial success.
        
         | matsemann wrote:
         | London has enforced a Direct Vision Standard [1 example image]
         | for big vehicles. I hope my city will soon as well. Having
         | large trucks, trailers etc. in the city with no visibility to
         | pedestrians is a death trap.
         | 
         | My city's new trash truck [2]. Instead of the standard "high"
         | trailer seating above the engine, it's now down on a pedestrian
         | level and can see clearly in what's normally a "blind spot"
         | when turning right.
         | 
         | [1]: https://fncdn.blob.core.windows.net/web-
         | clean/1/root/direct-... [2]:
         | https://storage.googleapis.com/smallstep/sites/33/2022/02/Re...
        
       | astrolx wrote:
       | No sh*t sherlock!
       | 
       | As a pedestrian who found himself on the receiving end of a hood
       | and survived via a last-second jump to end up on top of the said
       | hood, I certainly concur.
        
       | porphyra wrote:
       | Vans are a lot better for both transporting people (more spacious
       | compared to SUVs) and goods (easier loading and protected from
       | the weather compared to pickups), plus of course having vastly
       | better visibility. It always seems odd how trucks and SUVs are
       | seen as status symbols in the US whereas in, say, Hong Kong, it
       | is the MPV that is the status symbol. I suppose certain tax and
       | emissions regulations in favor of trucks also contribute to their
       | popularity.
        
         | RangerScience wrote:
         | AFAIK, exactly this - something about how trucks and SUVs are
         | classified differently and so have different emission
         | standards, which results in other effects that are then
         | appealing to consumers.
         | 
         | Plus, of course, marketing.
        
         | riversflow wrote:
         | Vans are not better for goods as a universal rule, they are
         | better for certain classes of goods. I do not want a yard of
         | manure/dirt/gravel dumped in my van, but thats a common use of
         | a pickup in my neck of the woods. Like extremely common.
         | 
         | > Hong Kong
         | 
         | Hot take: The Americas just aren't developed to the level of
         | Eurasia, and we should stop pretending like they are.
        
           | mlinhares wrote:
           | I think this is an incentives game, Americans have much more
           | land and money to pay for expensive development (like
           | suburbs) that just do not make financial sense in the EU or
           | Asia in general, as they either lack land or it would be too
           | expensive to pay for the infrastructure needed to make it all
           | work.
           | 
           | I also haven't met an American that has been to a high
           | quality of life and walkable city in the EU and didn't come
           | back with a changed perspective on what life could be like.
           | Once you visit places like London, Paris, Barcelona, Berlin,
           | Amsterdam and the like and stay there for a while you rethink
           | the suburban life.
           | 
           | I'm in the burbs because having small kids in big US cities
           | is super shitty and expensive but as soon as they get older
           | the goal is to find a nice city to move to. Either here or in
           | Europe.
        
             | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
             | > I also haven't met an American that has been to a high
             | quality of life and walkable city in the EU and didn't come
             | back with a changed perspective on what life could be like.
             | Once you visit places like London, Paris, Barcelona,
             | Berlin, Amsterdam and the like and stay there for a while
             | you rethink the suburban life.
             | 
             | Then you haven't met enough people. Lots of Americans, like
             | me, visit those cities, enjoy our visit, and come back
             | happy to live in suburbia with our big homes and yards.
             | Those cities are great to visit, but I wouldn't want to try
             | to raise a family there.
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | Suburbia is expensive in some ways, but suburbs are often
             | built as a less expensive place to live or at least less
             | expensive for a given size. Of course, it's often hard to
             | find a studio apartment in the suburbs and it's hard to
             | find a single story detached home in the city, so it's
             | comparing different kinds of apples; they're comparable but
             | not fungible.
             | 
             | I had a very nice visit to Paris and London for business
             | many years ago. And I tried to get my boss to transfer me
             | to the Paris office. But I moved from the suburbs to a
             | ruralish community where I can live on a 9 acre wooded lot
             | where I know my neighbors but rarely hear them.
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | Can't even buy the MPV in the US anymore...
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | Vans tend to have pretty good visibility, but not compared to a
         | single cab truck.
         | 
         | Loading into a van can be easier or harder depending on the
         | goods. Larger items are easier into a truck, IMHO, since you
         | don't have to rearrange or remove the seating, and don't have
         | to negotiate door openings, and sometimes it's useful to get
         | help over the sides of the bed. Lower typical height of van
         | floors can be helpful though. Pickup beds tend to have more and
         | better tiedown points, too.
         | 
         | I have a pickup and a van, and a c-max, and I would most likely
         | give up the c-max first; especially if either or both the van
         | and the pickup had reasonable fuel efficiency.
        
       | baggachipz wrote:
       | Yeah but the drivers get to cosplay as Rugged Men(tm).
       | 
       | The only thing that'll reverse the trend and stop this from
       | getting worse will be government regulation. Then come the cries
       | of "Now they're taking our trucks!"
        
         | KennyBlanken wrote:
         | Every time I see someone behind the wheel of the absolute
         | largest SUV a company offers, it's a small woman. Even as far
         | back when SUVs first became a thing, I noticed that the
         | smallest moms at school at the biggest SUVs.
         | 
         | They love the "might" that a huge vehicle gives them.
        
           | beretguy wrote:
           | So... Rugged Women(tm), then.
        
           | practicemaths wrote:
           | TBF Trucks and SUVs are relatively easier to drive in certain
           | regards.
           | 
           | Such as being able to see over parked traffic when making a
           | turn.
           | 
           | And I've found driving taller vehicles more comfortable for
           | my back coincidentally.
        
             | arwhatever wrote:
             | Until the parked vehicles also become taller
        
             | mecsred wrote:
             | When you become the parked traffic, how does anyone see
             | over you? Guess they need an even taller vehicle.
        
               | practicemaths wrote:
               | Yup. There's certainly a feedback loop.
               | 
               | Just stating things that make these larger vehicles more
               | easier to drive, especially for women whom on average are
               | generally shorter so, even with pumping the seat up it's
               | still considerably harder to see around traffic.
        
               | mecsred wrote:
               | I definitely get it. My girlfriend drives an SUV and I'd
               | be lying if I said I never felt glad about that the way
               | drivers and roads are out here. She's also been in an
               | accident (with minimal injuries miraculously) where an
               | SUV wrecked her E-bike in a pedestrian crossing because
               | it "couldn't see" her.
               | 
               | I find it important to continually bring up the fact that
               | it can be different. More public transit and bike paths.
               | If I we could take bikes around the city without worrying
               | about being killed or having them stolen it would be a
               | dream.
        
             | pokerface_86 wrote:
             | in no world does having a higher center of gravity, and
             | much higher mass make a car easier to drive. i find them
             | painful to drive because i feel so unstable and slow.
        
               | seabird wrote:
               | Your average American driver has no understanding of this
               | and never will. There's a reason the goofball in the
               | Tahoe XL that takes every corner at 5mph is fine with
               | going 90mph on the highway; they truly have zero idea on
               | how to assess the handling of a vehicle.
        
           | 7e wrote:
           | If you're short, you prefer a vehicle which elevates your
           | view.
        
           | dingnuts wrote:
           | it's because they are mothers with >2 children. You cannot
           | fit three car seats in the backseat of modern sedans, and
           | station wagons don't meet the emissions requirements.
           | 
           | Large SUVs meet CAFE regulations by being large enough to be
           | regulated as a different class of vehicle. Want smaller
           | trucks? Complain to your Congresscritter to reign in the EPA
           | and force them to write better regulation that does not have
           | these unintended effects.
        
             | trgn wrote:
             | All true, also sad. That aside, how's the EPA responsible,
             | not sure if I understand the connection?
        
               | alistairSH wrote:
               | Trucks (and SUVs) don't follow the same emissions
               | regulations as sedans/wagons.
               | 
               | I don't know if that's just EPA policy or part of the
               | legislation that allows them to regulate auto emissions.
               | 
               | But, it's also Congress's fault for leaving the chicken
               | tax in place (25% tariff on imported trucks/vans). This
               | essentially allowed domestic brands to price gouge on
               | trucks/suvs (as VW at the time, and then the Japanese
               | brands as well) couldn't compete.
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | Toyota has plants in the US; I assume they make the
               | Tacoma in the US, which should avoid the chicken tax?
        
               | alistairSH wrote:
               | Correct. The Tacoma and Tundra are assembled in the US so
               | should avoid the tax. The Land Cruiser is still produced
               | in Japan, so subject to the tax. Same for the Lexus GX
               | (no Toyota equiv in US) and LX (rebadged Land Cruiser).
               | 
               | The old mini-truck and T100 were made in Japan (except
               | maybe a year or two at the end of T100 production).
               | 
               | The tax was implemented in the 60s or 70s, as VW was
               | trying to get into the van and truck market in the US.
        
             | alistairSH wrote:
             | There are WAY more trucks/SUVs out there than 3-child
             | households.
             | 
             | And I'm not sure what you mean by "wagons don't meet
             | emissions requirements" - wagons would meet the same
             | regulations as sedans.
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | Wagons are heavier and less aerodynamic than sedans. When
               | coupled with the same engine they are less fuel efficient
               | (compare the E450 sedan to wagon). The fact that they are
               | heavier and sell poorly means they will only usually be
               | available with the large(r,st) engine (no E350 wagon in
               | the US).
               | 
               | Note that I used the Mercedes because it's the only non-
               | compact wagon I'm aware of for sale in the US.
        
               | markdoubleyou wrote:
               | There's also the Audi RS6 Avant, a good option for anyone
               | interested in spending $160K on a station wagon with 621
               | horsepower.
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | Oh, that beats out the AMG E-series wagon by 18 HP!
        
               | alistairSH wrote:
               | That's fair, but the wagon should still outperform an
               | equivalent cross-over in just about any measure.
               | 
               | What I don't know is where the line is between car-based
               | cross-over and actual truck (as it related to emissions
               | and safety standards).
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | There's an envelope, rather than a single line, but one
               | line that makes up that envelope is AWD, such that some
               | models without optional AWD are cars, but trucks with
               | optional AWD
        
             | jewayne wrote:
             | I love how everybody here who mentions the CAFE regulations
             | neglects to mention that they were a gift to the
             | automakers.
        
             | nytesky wrote:
             | I fit 3 diono car seats across my Honda Fit.
             | 
             | Most aren't even using the 3rd row for seating.
             | 
             | Now a wagon or SUV is good for carpooling, but a minivan
             | obv would be best.
        
           | trgn wrote:
           | All true.
           | 
           | _everybody_ drives huge SUVs. A few rugged men(TM) driving a
           | large truck isn't the problem, they're couleur locale. It'd
           | be adorable, like people wearing cowboy hats in Texas.
           | 
           | The web of interwoven incentive structures - reptile brains,
           | cafe standards, cheap gas, safety arms race, ... - pushing
           | _everybody_ towards larger vehicles is the problem. System
           | and id are completely misaligned, killing thousands in the
           | process.
        
             | aidenn0 wrote:
             | > _everybody_ drives huge SUVs. A few rugged men(TM)
             | driving a large truck isn't the problem, they're couleur
             | locale. It'd be adorable, like people wearing cowboy hats
             | in Texas.
             | 
             | Roughly 18% of the light vehicles sold in the US in 2023
             | were pickup trucks. The top 3 selling models in the US were
             | pickup trucks. Yes there were about 3x as many SUVs sold[1]
             | as pickups, but pickups aren't nothing.
             | 
             | 1: I partitioned the "light truck" class into just pickups
             | and SUVs; 78% of cars sold in 2023 were classified as
             | "light trucks" per [2]; I got the 18% figure for pickups by
             | totaling the sales of the 8 most popular pickup models by
             | hand and dividing by 14.9M
             | 
             | 2: https://carsurance.net/insights/car-sales-statistics/
        
           | filoleg wrote:
           | God, this is pretty much my mother.
           | 
           | She couldn't care any less about "ruggedness" or that "tough
           | guy" image. Her only argument ever is "safety."
           | 
           | I am not in it to change her mind. But whenever she brings
           | this topic up and I show her the actual safety ratings for
           | different vehicles, it's almost as if her brain shuts down.
           | She would say something along the lines "uh oh idk, maybe,
           | who knows, it doesn't feel as safe," and the whole thing gets
           | forgotten. Right until she decides to bring it up again from
           | scratch at some point later, as if our previous conversations
           | about it never happened.
           | 
           | Lowkey, I think it would be an interesting idea to mandate
           | displaying brightly colored safety ratings for every car on
           | display at a dealership. No need to overcomplicate it by
           | showing the entire stat sheet with a bajillion different
           | numbers. Just one giant number for the overall rating, and
           | about 4-5 subcategory numbers (e.g., driver safety score,
           | passenger safety score, etc.). I think 1-2 of those metrics
           | should be "the safety sub-category on which our car scored
           | the worst."
           | 
           | My only worry about this is that the metrics themselves
           | become the target goal, leading to either car manufacturers
           | influencing safety rating boards or them maliciously
           | complying by gaming the metrics just for those measured
           | categories at the expense of everything else. Though the
           | latter isn't as much of a concern, given that it is pretty
           | difficult to accomplish, and it would still have a large
           | negative effect on the overall score.
        
             | matsemann wrote:
             | Every year, loads of kids die because a family member runs
             | over them by accident in the driveway, a parking lot etc.
             | With these huge cars, you don't properly see around them,
             | and 360 cameras and sensors will not make up for all of
             | that.
             | 
             | So yeah, "safety".
        
               | filoleg wrote:
               | A lot of those car manufacturers just don't care, and it
               | isn't exclusive to large cars either (though the damage
               | they can do is obviously much higher, making them more
               | dangerous to pedestrians).
               | 
               | I like sports cars, so I tried test driving a Camaro
               | about 5 years ago. You would think that visibility on a
               | rather small and fast 2-seater would be at least better
               | than on an average SUV.
               | 
               | It was singularly the worst car I've ever driven in terms
               | of visibility, compared to even most SUVs. Not even
               | joking, it feels like driving a military tank, but just
               | faster and smaller, with the field of view being
               | extremely reminiscent of seeing the road through a thin
               | horizontal slit. It's not like it got worse over time
               | either, because I remember the 2013 version was at least
               | just as awful. Way to ruin a fine car with that tank-slit
               | visibility.
               | 
               | This specific case didn't even have anything inherently
               | to do with the type or size of the car (unlike with some
               | giant trucks), so it made me extremely mad. It was quite
               | literally for nothing.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | > whenever she brings this topic up and I show her the
             | actual safety ratings for different vehicles, it's almost
             | as if her brain shuts down
             | 
             | The NHTSA safety ratings come with the following notation:
             | 
             | "Note: A vehicle's rating, or Overall Vehicle Score, can be
             | compared with other vehicles of similar size and weight"
             | 
             | She may be, whether knowingly or not, interpreting the data
             | offered more in-line with the guidance provided with the
             | data.
        
           | drewcoo wrote:
           | > Every time I see someone behind the wheel of the absolute
           | largest SUV a company offers, it's a small woman
           | 
           | With tiny dogs. Maybe they're the preferred vehicle of tiny
           | dogs.
        
         | olyjohn wrote:
         | Please don't ignore that every other person also has moved from
         | driving cars to crossovers that offer no actual advantages over
         | a regular car. Most people want to sit high, and that's what
         | sells crossovers. The hoods are higher in them too and we can't
         | discount this and blame it all on big trucks.
        
           | closewith wrote:
           | Ease of entry alone, especially for the elderly or with young
           | children, is an incredible advantage.
           | 
           | What it sounds like is that crossovers don't offer advantages
           | that appeal to you.
        
             | olyjohn wrote:
             | My grandma has a minivan. It's way better than a crossover
             | for ease of getting into. The floor height is nice and low
             | so she doesn't have to step way up into it. The roof height
             | is high so she doesn't have to scrunch in. It's easier to
             | strap in car seats, it's easier to load your kids into.
             | It's not a marketing joke like crossovers are.
             | 
             | What it sounds like, is that you didn't actually shop very
             | hard for the right vehicle that actually has those
             | advantages.
        
           | Johnny555 wrote:
           | _that offer no actual advantages over a regular car. Most
           | people want to sit high_
           | 
           | Isn't that the advantage? In a world where SUV's and trucks
           | are more popular than sedans, sitting higher gives a sight
           | advantage (and probably safety advantage in a side collision
           | with one of those high cars). I drive a midsized sedan most
           | of the time, but when I drive the RV (which has a higher
           | seating position than many SUV's), I love the extra forward
           | visibility, instead being at tailgate level, I can see
           | through the back window of the truck/SUV in front of me.
        
             | olyjohn wrote:
             | Seating height doesn't help you see over cars when
             | everybody else is also in a crossover at the same height as
             | you.
        
               | Johnny555 wrote:
               | But it helps you see car brake lights ahead through the
               | back window of the SUV in front of you
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | As compared to a lower car, it absolutely helps. (I used
               | to drive a lowered Alfa Romeo Spider. Sometimes I could
               | see traffic better underneath the lifted trucks in front
               | of me...)
               | 
               | I can't control what cars other people buy and drive. I
               | can control what I buy and drive.
        
               | carlosjobim wrote:
               | You can also look at things that are not cars, for
               | example the road.
        
             | autoexec wrote:
             | That's just led to an arms race where nobody wins.
             | Everybody wants to get higher and higher to get a less
             | obstructive view. Restricting the height of cars would at
             | least put a cap on the escalation while a push for smaller
             | cars would make it less of a problem for everyone over
             | time.
        
           | somerandomqaguy wrote:
           | ...what?
           | 
           | If you've got back, hip, knee, or ankle problems, then trying
           | to bend down into a low car is an undignified exercise at
           | best, a struggle at worst. A CUV doesn't have that problem,
           | you just sit into it like a chair.
           | 
           | For a family with young children, securing child seats into a
           | CUV involves a lot less bending over then in lower car. Bear
           | in mind that many child seats are 40 lbs.
           | 
           | If you live in a snowy area, the greater ground clearance
           | makes it less likely to get stuck in residential roads that
           | are lower priority for snow removal. You also have better
           | approach angles as well, which can become a concern if you
           | live in an area that's very hilly with steep driveways.
           | 
           | You probably don't see advantages, and that's fine. But that
           | doesn't mean they don't exist.
        
             | FooBarBizBazz wrote:
             | Maybe this is the way. We should run ad campaigns
             | emphasizing that large, high vehicles are for the
             | physically infirm. Make them as sexy as walkers with toilet
             | seats. Show images of doddering old people getting into
             | them.
        
             | silisili wrote:
             | First thing I thought of. I had to move from a sedans to
             | crossover/small SUV when my knees couldn't take getting in
             | and out anymore.
             | 
             | I'm sure that's not the case for everyone, or even most
             | people, but who am I to gatekeep.
        
             | olyjohn wrote:
             | Minivan. You can get a minivan that has more room than a
             | crossover, lower load height so that you hurt even less
             | getting in, and you have more headroom to get car seats in
             | and out. They're far superior in every way. But everybody
             | quit buying them because of some "uncool" factor. It's
             | stupid.
             | 
             | The ground clearance on most crossovers is a joke. I have
             | to point out how my Lotus Elise has 6 inches of ground
             | clearance, and most CUVs have maybe an inch more than that.
             | They have low-hanging diffs that hang up, and no recovery
             | points for when you do get stuck. They're still the same
             | car, barely jacked up. They look higher, but they aren't
             | that much higher. Your one inch of extra clearance isn't
             | saving you. The black plastic fenders don't make it rugged
             | or capable. Most are just FWD, and the ones that are AWD
             | just overheat and burn out the transfer case.
             | 
             | I live in a rural area, in the mountains, with lots of
             | steep hills. My long ass driveway doesn't get plowed, my
             | street is extremely low priority for plowing, never had
             | problems getting around with 2wd cars. You sound like my
             | neighbors who keep saying that I need a big 4wd truck to
             | live out here. People just keep making these excuses to buy
             | bigger cars that sit higher, without actually evaluating if
             | these vehicles actually have the things they're marketed to
             | be able to do.
        
         | sickofparadox wrote:
         | It's government regulations that made trucks get this big, most
         | people simply buy what is available in the form factor they
         | like. Trucks are the most popular form factor in the United
         | States (with pickups a close second)[1], and the manufacturers
         | keep making the cars bigger because of the poorly written CAFE
         | laws[2]. I, and I suspect most Americans with pickups, would
         | prefer to purchase one the size of a '90s F-150 as compared to
         | the monsters of today but manufacturers can't or won't sell me
         | one. Making up some macho strawman to attack actually
         | obfuscates the problem and makes discussing solutions more
         | difficult.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.motortrend.com/features/car-types-models-body-
         | st....
         | 
         | [2]https://www.thedrive.com/news/small-cars-are-getting-huge-
         | ar...
        
           | closewith wrote:
           | Does anyone call an SUV a truck? Surely pickups are trucks.
        
             | AlgorithmicTime wrote:
             | Some SUVs qualify as trucks under the definitions written
             | into the law.
        
             | skyyler wrote:
             | According to chrysler, the PT Cruiser was a "light truck".
             | 
             | I do think it's common for people to call large SUVs like
             | the Ford Excursion "trucks".
        
             | el_benhameen wrote:
             | My wife is from the Midwest, and on visits there I've
             | regularly heard people refer to suburbans/explorers/etc. as
             | "trucks". Essentially the same platform, but with an
             | enclosed rear with seats.
        
             | oh_sigh wrote:
             | If you see enough pickup trucks with bed caps you'll start
             | to just view SUVs as those
        
           | jewayne wrote:
           | > _Making up some macho strawman to attack actually
           | obfuscates the problem and makes discussing solutions more
           | difficult._
           | 
           | Blaming the government for getting captured by industry also
           | obfuscates the problem and makes discussing solutions more
           | difficult. The current (grotesque) CAFE standards went in
           | during the last months of the Bush administration, as a gift
           | to the automakers.
        
             | sickofparadox wrote:
             | At the end of the day, the government makes the laws -
             | regardless of any influences upon it. I think we both want
             | the laws to change, we just disagree about what changes are
             | needed. I encourage you to call your representatives, as I
             | have done.
        
             | autoexec wrote:
             | It also looks like the solution to the problem isn't to get
             | rid of the regulations, but to change them so that light
             | trucks and giant cars no longer get a break on
             | emissions/fuel economy standards. Revised regulations that
             | incentive smaller cars would solve a lot of problems.
        
           | stcredzero wrote:
           | _It 's government regulations that made trucks get this big,
           | most people simply buy what is available in the form factor
           | they like._
           | 
           | Lots of Americans want smaller trucks. I just saw a Netflix
           | show where a main character prized his old Toyota pickup.
           | This is also evidenced in the importation of Japanese "K-car"
           | trucks.
        
             | sickofparadox wrote:
             | >Lots of Americans want smaller trucks
             | 
             | I agree! I believe I said similar in my above comment. I'm
             | looking into getting one myself, though I'm apprehensive
             | about purchasing a car built in 99 without being able to
             | test drive or inspect it.
        
           | cameldrv wrote:
           | You can still get something like a 90s F-150, but it's now
           | called a midsize truck. The main difference is that the bed
           | will be smaller and the interior will be larger. There are
           | even some smaller unibody trucks like the Maverick coming on
           | the market.
           | 
           | What you can't seem to get is something like a first
           | generation Tacoma or 90s S-10 without 4WD that's low to the
           | ground. All of the newer trucks have very high bed sides that
           | make loading them from the side a huge pain even if you're
           | tall.
        
             | sickofparadox wrote:
             | They're a step in the right direction for certain, I have
             | what would now be a mid-size pickup myself, but even the
             | Ford Mavericks are pretty big compared to these 90s cars.
        
           | ToucanLoucan wrote:
           | > It's government regulations that made trucks get this big
           | 
           | This is presented incredibly dishonestly in this context.
           | It's well understood that automakers had their grubby little
           | hands all over emissions regulations in the late Bush admin.
           | They spent oodles of cash, tons of lobbyist time, and BEGGED
           | for the exclusions for trucks that made complete sense at the
           | time for TRUCKS, as in, pickup trucks used by laborers that
           | needed the power and relaxed emissions standards that they
           | asked for. And then, once that was done, set about changing
           | 2/3 of their sales into trucks, so they could continue
           | selling ever larger vehicles at ever higher prices with ever
           | worse fuel economy.
           | 
           | > most people simply buy what is available in the form factor
           | they like. Trucks are the most popular form factor in the
           | United States (with pickups a close second)[1]
           | 
           | Which is directly traceable to substantial and aggressive
           | marketing pushes by the American auto industry to shove
           | trucks and SUV's down American's throats, because they could
           | sell them for higher prices than the vans and station wagons
           | that were already popular at the time.
           | 
           | And even now, the solution proposed for all the issues these
           | oversized stupid machines cause, is more sensors, more
           | cameras, more safety features that, OH WOW, they get to
           | charge more money for! No way!
           | 
           | > and the manufacturers keep making the cars bigger because
           | of the poorly written CAFE laws[2].
           | 
           | Again, the way this is framed posits that the CAFE standards
           | were flawed output by the legislators themselves, and not the
           | result of back and forth negotiations with the auto industry
           | for decades prior.
           | 
           | > I, and I suspect most Americans with pickups, would prefer
           | to purchase one the size of a '90s F-150 as compared to the
           | monsters of today but manufacturers can't or won't sell me
           | one.
           | 
           | Except now after decades of this shit, even if you can find a
           | smaller vehicle, many consumers have (correctly) identified
           | that their neighbors are driving suburban panzers, and not
           | having one yourself puts you and yours at an elevated risk in
           | a collision. Tons of people have reasonably sized vehicles in
           | this country, and if you get t-boned by some jack-off in a
           | lifted F-350 driving one, there is a not-insubstantial chance
           | you're going to die, because those vehicles are not designed
           | with safety in mind: they are designed to appeal to a
           | marketing demographic that has been created: the modern man
           | seeking to reclaim his masculinity because his accounting job
           | doesn't let him imagine himself a hunter seeking the mammoth
           | well enough, or whatever the fuck.
           | 
           | > Making up some macho strawman to attack actually obfuscates
           | the problem and makes discussing solutions more difficult.
           | 
           | It isn't making up strawmen, it's _pointing to a strawman_
           | manufactured by the auto industry that needs to be burned.
           | The ONLY reason all these stupid machines are out driving
           | today is because we as a society permit it. That can be
           | changed. We are allowed to simply say that if you cannot
           | demonstrate competence to handle a vehicle of this size, you
           | do not get to drive one, end of discussion. It 's not like we
           | haven't had multiple classes of drivers licenses since
           | basically the inception of drivers' licenses for _this exact
           | reason:_ because handling a 55 foot LTL truck is harder than
           | handling a Honda Civic.
           | 
           | This is a _cultural issue_ as much as it is a political one.
           | You can 't just not take into account the long-term and well
           | documented history of the auto industry and it's involvement
           | here, any more than you can not take into account the
           | documented history of the NRA/gun manufacturers with regard
           | to our gun problem.
        
             | B56b wrote:
             | With the ubiquity of SUVs at this point I can't imagine
             | that many of them are being sold to men wanting to feel
             | more "Rugged". I would think the vast majority are bought
             | by those who want the additional space and safety of these
             | cars, like families. It's going to be very difficult to
             | convince consumers to drive cars smaller cars they see as
             | less safe without some significant costs imposed on larger
             | cars.
        
         | njarboe wrote:
         | Trucks have a 25% import tax in the US and cars don't since the
         | 1960. US domestic vehicle manufacturers have spent many decades
         | to convince people to buy trucks and SUVs because of this fact.
         | Google "chicken tax". Large station wagons used to be quite
         | popular in the 1960's
        
           | kspacewalk2 wrote:
           | It's not just because of this fact. It's also because trucks
           | and SUVs are exempted from fuel efficiency standards that
           | apply to sedans. So out sedans go, Ford doesn't even bother
           | with them at all anymore.
           | 
           | https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2023/04/07/trucks-
           | ou...
        
         | hipadev23 wrote:
         | Government regulation is what forced manufacturers to make
         | bigger vehicles.
        
           | jewayne wrote:
           | But who asked for the government regulations? Perhaps the
           | manufacturers themselves?
           | 
           | Edit: Yeah, it was the manufacturers.
        
         | infecto wrote:
         | While I do believe people often buy trucks for the looks and
         | emotional feeling, I equally feel that your projection itself
         | is just as dangerous as the idea behind it.
        
           | stcredzero wrote:
           | Yeah, contemptuously painting a diverse group of people with
           | a broad brush as pernicious -- History has something to say
           | about this mental move.
        
             | Hamuko wrote:
             | I have a hard time believing that truck drivers are a
             | diverse group of people when they're really only popular in
             | a single region of the world.
        
               | rhuru wrote:
               | In the top 10 most sold vehicles in USA 8-9 are trucks if
               | I remember correctly. Ford F150 and Chevy Silvardo are
               | typically number 1 and 2 consistently for decades. At
               | that scale everything is likely to be diverse.
               | 
               | For the soyboys drinking their vegan milk and driving
               | their lime bike to pride parade, it might come as a
               | surprise, but it in indeed is. (<= This is an attempt to
               | show that how any group can be dangerously maligned)
        
             | baggachipz wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godwin's_law
        
         | havefunbesafe wrote:
         | The only way to reverse the trend is to create a motocross
         | hitch that doesn't pulverize the suspension of a car/crossover.
        
         | FooBarBizBazz wrote:
         | You think it's all dudes driving these things though? Surely
         | yeah, that's the case for big stupid pickup trucks. But SUVs
         | are driven by anxious Starbucks moms. "I need to feel safe."
         | Hausfrauenpanzeren.
        
         | HeatrayEnjoyer wrote:
         | Better their trucks than my family members.
        
         | rhuru wrote:
         | Common sense is the first casualty when any topic has political
         | bias to it. This comment demonstrates that.
         | 
         | Large vehicles are important part of American economy and
         | mostly driven by blue collar workers doing their work. For
         | example things like plumbing, construction site work etc. Now a
         | days environment scientists and engineers too drive these large
         | vehicles as they are very important for their day to day work.
         | Not everyone can drive Tesla Model 3 everywhere.
         | 
         | In fact majority of those large vehicles are you see are mostly
         | driven by such needs ( pun intended).
         | 
         | But the research on this topic itself is pretty shoddy. For
         | example one has to look at other variables. Who was driving
         | when the accident happened ? Chances are someone who was
         | rushing to his work.
         | 
         | A lot of other data points out that the drivers are at fault
         | are often poor people going to their work in their work
         | vehicle. Another data is he victims too are poor people going
         | to their work and disregarding basic pedestrian safety.
         | 
         | These are not men pretending to be rugged.
        
           | the_gastropod wrote:
           | > Large vehicles are important part of American economy and
           | mostly driven by blue collar workers doing their work
           | 
           | Aaaaaaaabsolutely not! Trucks outnumber cars in every U.S.
           | state. "Blue Collar" workers represent something like 16% of
           | the U.S. workforce. The vast majority of truck drivers are
           | not blue collar workers.
           | 
           | Other countries have blue collar workers too. And trucks!
           | Have you seen what they look like? Check this bad-boy out.
           | This is peak performance when it comes to manly-man workin'
           | trucks. [1]
           | 
           | [1] https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2FA3BTR/a-small-blue-pickup-
           | utilit...
        
       | somedude895 wrote:
       | Did we really need a study for this? What's next? A study to find
       | out whether a hammer to the head or torso is more lethal than a
       | hammer to the legs? What a total racket to spend money on
       | something like this.
        
         | anotherhue wrote:
         | You may enjoy
         | 
         | "Parachute use to prevent death and major trauma when jumping
         | from aircraft: randomized controlled trial"
         | 
         | https://www.bmj.com/content/363/bmj.k5094
        
         | SECProto wrote:
         | If one wanted to make a regulation regarding hood height,
         | having a study like this as evidence would be critically
         | important. Gut instinct alone wouldn't suffice
        
         | tempestn wrote:
         | First, things that are obvious aren't always correct. It's
         | better to rely on actual data than intuition alone. Second, the
         | study not only gives the qualitative result that higher hoods
         | are more dangerous, but also begins to quantify the effect, and
         | can give an idea of the specific height at which the pedestrian
         | danger begins to spike.
        
         | tasty_freeze wrote:
         | I'll take your question seriously. Why do people do studies
         | like this when the answer seems obvious?
         | 
         | (1) It quantifies the seriousness of the problem. Does it
         | increase the chance of death or significant injury by 1%, 10%,
         | 50%? Without reading the article, what is the "obvious" answer
         | to that question?
         | 
         | (2) People believe many "obvious" things that aren't true. They
         | are trivial to find simply by finding two groups with opposite
         | beliefs on a subject and both think their conclusions are
         | obvious. Eg, did the COVID-19 vaccines reduce or increase death
         | rates? It seems obvious to me that it was a great benefit, but
         | there are people going on TV claiming the vaccines killed
         | millions of people.
         | 
         | (3) Even in areas that aren't contentious, there are many
         | widely believed but untested assumptions. If someone didn't
         | spend the time and effort to validate those things, we might
         | never find what is really true. 50 years ago it was
         | unquestioned that stress is what causes ulcers. Almost nobody
         | questioned that except for the one guy who did the experiment
         | that proved it was bacterial in origin. Had his result been
         | negative, you'd be here to mock him.
        
         | newaccount74 wrote:
         | You need a study because otherwise people keep posting links to
         | youtube videos claiming that hood heights aren't that dangerous
         | and it's actually less lethal because pedestrians are less
         | likely to hit the windshield with their head.
        
         | chowells wrote:
         | Hood heights that are too low are also shown to cause more
         | injuries. In fact, there would seem to be an optimal range.
         | Studies seem like a great way to find out what that range is in
         | practice.
        
           | jewayne wrote:
           | But remember, injuries and fatalities are not the same thing.
           | It could be the building shin-busting bumpers is the best way
           | to save lives. Who knows?
        
       | asylteltine wrote:
       | No, you don't need a pickup truck. It's ridiculous you can buy
       | one without a license or even extra training. Just absurd.
        
         | u32480932048 wrote:
         | Projection from people who never leave their basement is my
         | favorite.
        
       | leotravis10 wrote:
       | _Related: Vehicles with higher, more vertical front ends pose
       | greater risk to pedestrians_ (iihs.org) | 322 points by yours
       | truly | 463 comments
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38267588
        
       | youngtaff wrote:
       | We've known this for years...
        
       | jiveturkey wrote:
       | Article is current but the data is from 2021. I can easily find a
       | deep journal-esque writeup dating to aug 1 2022. (JPHSC).
       | https://doi.org/10.15586/jphsc. v1i1.47
       | 
       | > Currently, it seems unlikely that NHTSA will move to regulate
       | hood heights on new vehicles.
       | 
       | That's quite interesting statement. Hood (or is it bumper? --
       | which implies hood) heights are already regulated. Too low of a
       | height has been determined to result in more injuries (not
       | fatalities I guess), so the height has been forced to increase
       | over the last decade or decades. Because of that you will never
       | see (eg) a Lambo Diablo design again. Very very hard to find
       | information about this imposed minimum height requirement because
       | search results are flooded with this new finding since approx Nov
       | 2023.
        
       | tfourb wrote:
       | I honestly do not understand, why regulators have not mandated
       | limits on front dead angles (space occluded from view by the
       | hood) and max vehicle hood hight by now. Well, I understand why
       | it hasn't happened in the U.S. (how could any regulator curtail
       | the manhood of the truck aficionados?), but in the E.U.
       | regulators usually are more on top of these things.
        
         | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
         | Are you saying that trucks with high hoods are prohibited in
         | the EU?
        
           | CalRobert wrote:
           | They're not. The Netherlands is full of Dodge Rams.
        
       | havblue wrote:
       | There are definitely polls that show women find men in trucks
       | more attractive in the US than, say, vans. If you want to signal
       | wealth and refinement get a luxury vehicle. If you want to signal
       | utility and masculinity get a truck.
        
         | 0xdde wrote:
         | Of course studies showing anything are out there. Much less
         | likely that they are properly set up and therefore believable.
        
         | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
         | Seriously? There are polls that show anything you want. And if
         | you have trouble finding one, you just create your own. Polls
         | are essentially meaningless.
        
         | grecy wrote:
         | I would be very shocked to learn those polls were funded by the
         | makers of large SUVs and trucks. /s
        
         | francisofascii wrote:
         | honestly, I believe it. I would blame the truck ads that have
         | brainwashed Americans into thinking that driving a truck makes
         | you more masculine or tough.
        
         | actionfromafar wrote:
         | Great. Tax the trucks more and driving one will be an even
         | better signal!
        
       | beretguy wrote:
       | Whoever injures - or knock on wood kills - somebody with a truck
       | with such a high hood should serve a mandatory prison sentence.
        
         | dingnuts wrote:
         | vehicular manslaughter is already a crime, and these trucks
         | have been regulated INTO existence, not out of consumer desire
         | and a lack of regulation. Consumers preferred small trucks
         | until they disappeared due to CAFE standards.
         | 
         | If you want the government to intervene, their first step
         | should be to remove the regulations that encourage this growth
         | in vehicle size to begin with, rather than going after
         | consumers who have very little choice in trucks
        
           | acdha wrote:
           | The average American truck buyer picked it as a lifestyle
           | accessory - it's not like there was a huge shift in the
           | percentage of trades jobs over the last few decades!
           | Liability would be one way to encourage expressing that
           | fashion aesthetic in other ways.
        
             | s1artibartfast wrote:
             | Liability already exists. what next?
        
         | s1artibartfast wrote:
         | I think it should depend on the circumstances.
         | 
         | If the pedestrian is at fault, I think the individual, or their
         | estate, should have to pay for the truck repairs and therapy
         | for the driver.
        
           | matsemann wrote:
           | In the Norwegian traffic law, it specifically says that you
           | are to slow down in areas with children. So "the child ran
           | into the street chasing a ball right in front of my truck"
           | isn't a valid excuse, as that's something "to be expected"
           | when driving in a residential area.
           | 
           | At least in theory. Unfortunately the cops here almost never
           | wants to prosecute cars hitting kids or pedestrians. There's
           | always an excuse. "The sun was in their eye", "kid didn't
           | wear high vis (it was daytime)".
        
             | s1artibartfast wrote:
             | I agree that there is an ammount of reasonable care drivers
             | should have. However, I think the contribution of
             | pedestrians is generally understated.
             | 
             | AT least in the US, 33% of pedestrians involved in fatal
             | accidents were drunk.
             | 
             | 16% were on freeways. 59% were on non-freeway arterials,
             | while 22% were on local streets. [1]
             | 
             | I found it surprising that fatalities are far more likely
             | to involve Pedestrians being drunk or jaywalking on high-
             | speed throughfare than drunk drivers.
             | 
             | https://www.ghsa.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/GHSA-
             | Pedest...
        
           | burnerburnson wrote:
           | I'd guess the majority of pedestrians who are at fault for
           | accidents are vagrants who can't or won't pay for any damage
           | they cause.
           | 
           | I don't see well-to-do businessmen jumping into the road all
           | that often, but I do see deadbeat beggars do it every day.
        
       | cbondurant wrote:
       | the current pavement princess trends have left me doubting that
       | any more regulation of any kind will happen in the US.
        
         | alistairSH wrote:
         | Not just the pavement princess stuff - Congress is simply doing
         | less period.[1]
         | 
         | Through most of the 20th century, 1000+ laws/year was common.
         | Since 2000, that's dropped to <500 laws/year.
         | 
         | 1 -
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_federal_...
        
           | mensetmanusman wrote:
           | Pages of laws passed is a better metric as the laws have
           | become more bundled due to partisanship.
        
             | kjkjadksj wrote:
             | Even then, one era might write more tersely than another.
        
           | kjkjadksj wrote:
           | Hard to measure between eras with the evolution of pork
           | barrel politicking and other recent cultural practices.
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | After the cybertruck my working assumption had been that US
       | regulators had just given up on pedestrian safety.
        
         | iknowstuff wrote:
         | The cybertruck has not been shown to have lower pedestrian
         | safety than other trucks.
         | 
         | Ironically, you're commenting on an article about higher hoods,
         | and the CT has one of the lowest hoods among trucks on the
         | market.
        
           | Havoc wrote:
           | I'm commenting on pedestrian safety & regulators absence.
           | Sharp edges and rolled steel instead of crumple zones is
           | absolutely a bad time if you're a pedestrian. High hoods
           | isn't the only possible risk.
        
             | iknowstuff wrote:
             | 1) It seems you are confusing crumple zones (which the ct
             | definitely has lol) with cushioning the impact for a
             | pedestrian.
             | 
             | 2) sure, but the only research we have says higher hood =
             | much more deadly. Cybertruck has a lower hood with a better
             | angle. So why single it out when the jury is out on what's
             | more important for safety
        
               | u32480932048 wrote:
               | Cybertruck Man Bad.
        
           | kspacewalk2 wrote:
           | The Cybetruck's obnoxious hood height[0] and curb weight[1]
           | all but guarantees that it's dangerous for pedestrians. Not
           | that singling out Cybetruck is completely fair, all large EVs
           | are strictly worse for pedestrian safety due to their weight.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.forbes.com/sites/petercohan/2023/12/05/with-
           | litt...
           | 
           | [1] https://www.autoweek.com/news/a46013576/tesla-cybertruck-
           | spe...
        
             | grecy wrote:
             | The Cybertruck is lighter than the Rivian and the F-150
             | Lightning. It's around 3,000lbs lighter than the electric
             | Hummer.
             | 
             | It's also lower than all of them.
             | 
             | https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a46031051/2024-tesla-
             | cyber...
        
               | 1970-01-01 wrote:
               | The height is adjustable via air springs. It can ride
               | lower, higher, or equal to those.
        
           | kjkjadksj wrote:
           | The thing looks like a maul made for splitting wood and you
           | know its owners will drive like they have a lawyer on
           | retainer.
        
         | autoexec wrote:
         | Honestly all the "self-driving" car companies allowed to beta
         | test their products on public streets show a strong disregard
         | for pedestrian/public safety.
        
       | jetrink wrote:
       | My proposed regulation is to introduce a hazardous vehicle
       | license for large trucks and SUVs. Everyone is automatically
       | granted one alongside their normal drivers license, but if you're
       | caught driving recklessly (weaving through traffic on the
       | highway, aggressively tailgating, speeding through residential or
       | urban areas), you lose it and you have to drive a normal-sized
       | car. Perhaps there's a way to earn it back through paying a fine
       | and taking a safe driving course. The classification of vehicles
       | as hazardous should be based on factors known to increase
       | pedestrian and vehicle collision fatalities to encourage safe
       | designs.
        
         | FooBarBizBazz wrote:
         | I like the spirit, but don't like the unintended consequence
         | that it would create a stigma around sedans -- "oh, those are
         | the cars for the bad drivers". We need to do something that
         | makes SUV drivers feel ridiculous and humiliated. Or, failing
         | that, just make it expensive: Weight and size dependent tolls,
         | say (using the fourth power of weight, possibly, to match road
         | wear equations?). Or just fewer lanes in which those vehicles
         | are allowed. "You don't get the elite lane."
        
           | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
           | > We need to do something that makes SUV drivers feel
           | ridiculous and humiliated
           | 
           | Oh, that couldn't _possibly_ have any side effects.
        
             | HeatrayEnjoyer wrote:
             | Hopefully it would have an effect. 95% of the people in
             | these giant walls of steel have no reason to be driving
             | them.
        
               | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
               | I see. And how have you determined that?
        
               | dysfunction wrote:
               | Maybe not 95%, but quite a lot of truck owners when
               | surveyed essentially never use them for towing or hauling
               | https://www.axios.com/2023/01/23/pickup-trucks-f150-size-
               | wei...
        
               | tomjakubowski wrote:
               | they need protection from the other people also driving
               | giant walls of steel for no other reason than...
        
           | danaris wrote:
           | If we're going to try to "punish" SUV drivers for driving
           | those vehicles, then I think we need to both recognize and do
           | some things:
           | 
           | 1) We need to recognize that there's a wide variety of
           | vehicles in the SUV category. Many of them have replaced (not
           | supplemented, _replaced_ , because they sell better and car
           | companies are hyperoptimizing their profits like everyone
           | else) old standards like station wagons and minivans in
           | manufacturer lineups. _Most_ of them do _not_ have the
           | stupidly-high hoods that this article is actually about:
           | those are primarily on pickup trucks.
           | 
           | 2) We need to recognize that, at least for _some_ SUVs, there
           | are genuine, non-overcompensating use cases. Like driving on
           | snowy, icy winter roads in the northern US and all of Canada.
           | 
           | 3) Having recognized these things, we need to make sure there
           | is provision in place for the people who have _actual needs_
           | these vehicles are fulfilling--whether because they fall into
           | the smaller category of people who would always need these
           | things, or because they fall into the much larger category of
           | people who would have bought a minivan or station wagon in
           | the  '80s and '90s, but most of those have gone away--before
           | we start treating them _all_ like the worst members of the
           | category.
           | 
           | Full disclosure: I drive a Subaru Outback. I drive it for
           | three main reasons: it's extremely reliable, it has amazing
           | cargo capacity (which I _do_ use regularly), and its AWD is a
           | godsend on the roads in upstate NY in the winter. (Is it
           | possible to drive on these roads without it? Absolutely; I
           | drove a Toyota Corolla for over a decade. But I am _much less
           | stressed_ with the AWD.) I just bought my second one, after
           | shopping around _extensively_ to find something that would
           | fulfill my requirements, but get better gas mileage (which,
           | to be fair, the Outback 's is actually _shockingly_ good for
           | an SUV).
           | 
           | The Outback is also basically the shape of a station wagon.
           | It does not have an unhealthily high hood. I honestly don't
           | know how its weight compares to other non-SUVs, but my
           | understanding is that right now, the heaviest cars are
           | _electric_ cars, so using weight alone is also not a great
           | metric.
           | 
           | Ultimately, I think what people like you need to do is
           | consider this question: Are you actually trying to solve a
           | real problem with what cars are on the road? Or are you just
           | looking for a socially-acceptable group of people to bully
           | and be mean to? Because your proposals sound a _lot_ like
           | they 're aimed at the latter, and very little like they'd be
           | effective at the former.
        
             | bejk22 wrote:
             | I won't recognize (2) because it's false. Any current - and
             | past - fwd will work just fine in Canadian snowy and icy
             | conditions. Sure if you drive a shitty propulsion car you
             | will get stuck everywhere but those cars are the exception.
             | 
             | Edit: you acknowledged yourself that argument is mostly bs
             | later in your comment...
        
               | jamwil wrote:
               | Calgarian here. AWD does help in the snow.
        
               | tomjakubowski wrote:
               | FWD comes standard on the most popular SUVs sold in the
               | US and Canada. I don't know for sure, but it wouldn't
               | surprise me if only a minority of SUVs here are AWD.
        
             | kjkjadksj wrote:
             | Suv style vehicles are actually a lot more dangerous in the
             | snow. Its so much more mass you are dealing with and damage
             | when you lose grip entirely on ice under gravity power
             | alone. On video clips of this sedans and such might kind of
             | bump against a parked car and come to a stop while the big
             | Suburban goes on to total a parked car with all the kinetic
             | energy. If you want a snow tank, get a car that weighs like
             | ~2500lbs, put on actual snow tires, and keep the
             | transmission in high gear to engine brake. It also helps to
             | learn to brake traction and skid with control in a snowy
             | empty parking lot.
        
             | FooBarBizBazz wrote:
             | > Full disclosure: I drive a Subaru Outback. [...T]he
             | Outback's [gas mileage] is actually shockingly good for an
             | SUV).
             | 
             | Funny, I call the Outback an AWD station wagon, not an SUV
             | at all. I've got no problem with that; I'd be much happier
             | if people bought those. Indeed, the very existence of
             | Subarus seems to make most SUVs unnecessary. The only SUV
             | Subaru makes (that I am aware of) is the Forester (and
             | while that's a little larger than my ideal, it's not
             | gigantic).
             | 
             | > We need to recognize that there's a wide variety of
             | vehicles in the SUV category.
             | 
             | If I were Supreme Ruler, I would permit the Honda CRV
             | (SUV), Toyota RAV4 (SUV), and Ford Maverick (truck) to
             | exist, but no larger (ignoring commercial vehicles). Also
             | station wagons, and minivans up to the size of the Honda
             | Odyssey.
             | 
             | (As I am _not_ Supreme Ruler, I recognize that this has all
             | the weight of a random opinion on the Internet.)
             | 
             | > Are you actually trying to solve a real problem with what
             | cars are on the road? Or are you just looking for a
             | socially-acceptable group of people to bully and be mean
             | to?
             | 
             | Full disclosure: I walk everywhere, or else I take the bus
             | -- and on the rare occasions that I rent or borrow a car,
             | it's typically a small sedan. I react negatively to
             | oversized vehicles (a) because I view them as _a threat to
             | my person_ , and (b) because I'm acutely aware of the arms-
             | race dynamics here. People buy big SUVs because they "feel
             | safer", i.e., in a crash, they are more likely to survive
             | and kill the other driver, rather than the other way
             | around. Recognizing the primal violence underlying this, I
             | respond that the solution is more primal violence, to
             | disincentivize this selfishness and arrest the arms race
             | before it goes any further.
             | 
             | None of which, I will add, applies to the Subaru Outback,
             | which I'm totally cool with.
        
         | sschueller wrote:
         | In Europe vehicles like the Humer electric can't even be driven
         | with a regular license because of its weight (3500kg is the
         | limit). It's basically a large truck and requires a much more
         | involved license.
        
           | Hamuko wrote:
           | The EV Hummer is probably impossible to get registered as
           | anything other than a truck, but there's some trickery you
           | can do with regular pick-up trucks. I found at least one
           | F-150 on sale that is registered as a van and you can drive
           | it with a regular passenger car (B) license instead of a
           | light truck (C1) license. Shockingly, the van F-150 isn't
           | even prohibitely expensive in tax: just 531EUR per year.
           | Although with 1.70EUR to 1.90EUR per litre of 95E10, you'll
           | probably just deposit all of your savings at the pump
           | instead.
        
             | consp wrote:
             | The F150 lightnings registered as a VAN can carry two
             | passengers and about 250kg before going over it's
             | registered and allowable weight limit. As a civilian those
             | fines are hefty where I live, doing it as a company is
             | extremely expensive. It's a useless vehicle except maybe
             | for towing. If you fill all seats with some hefty adults
             | wou'll already cross the weight limit.
        
         | BobaFloutist wrote:
         | Just require a class A/B license to drive anything above...I
         | don't know, 4000lbs? Exclude batteries from the weight if that
         | becomes a problem for electric cars.
        
           | gnicholas wrote:
           | Although I see why you'd want to exclude batteries from
           | weight, I'm not sure it's totally justified. After all, F =
           | MA regardless. A friend of mine was hit by an EV and suffered
           | broken bones, despite being belted, and on the opposite side
           | of the car that was hit. If it had been a lighter vehicle,
           | her injuries wouldn't have been as bad.
        
             | BobaFloutist wrote:
             | My main thinking was there are a lot of things weight can
             | (somewhat) be a shorthand for: Visibility past/around the
             | car, visibility from within the car, carbon emissions,
             | difficulty to drive, amount of space taken to park,
             | deadliness of collision due directly to weight, impact on
             | roads, and deadliness of collision due to form factor.
             | 
             | Of those, the deadliness of collision due to weight and
             | impact on roads are the only ones that still hold up if
             | it's an EV. I just want to avoid a situation in which
             | someone gets a gas engine instead of an EV of the same form
             | factor because they would need a special license to drive
             | the EV, which just barely gets over the weight limit. But I
             | would also be open to this law in any form.
        
           | punkybr3wster wrote:
           | In the F150 Lightning the batteries even on a standard range
           | weigh as much as a Volkswagen. The standard range batteries
           | weigh something like 1800lbs. The ER model has about 25% more
           | battery and the Platinum weight is like 7150lbs! So maybe
           | around 2100lbs of that is battery?
           | 
           | So you're still over 5000lbs on that monster without the
           | batteries.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | I feel confident in wagering that GP didn't intend to allow
             | driving an F150 with a regular license.
        
             | anonymouskimmer wrote:
             | > In the F150 Lightning the batteries even on a standard
             | range weigh as much as a Volkswagen.
             | 
             | Even a Smart Fortwo is minimally 1800 lbs curb weight. How
             | old is this Volkswagen? :)
        
         | TrevorJ wrote:
         | The reason some of these vehicles ARE so big IS the
         | regulations. We could look at rolling back THOSE changes first.
        
           | punkybr3wster wrote:
           | This is the one time I always pull out my "Thanks Obama!"
           | without being ironic.
        
             | actionfromafar wrote:
             | Yes, clearly the US needed less sedans and more F150s.
        
           | mrguyorama wrote:
           | Consumers just prefer larger vehicles here in the US, and
           | those same preferences are also becoming the norm in other
           | countries. You can't blame the modern Camry being gigantic on
           | the Chicken Tax. You can't blame larger vehicles being
           | associated with luxury on efficiency regulations.
        
             | bitfilped wrote:
             | I don't think that's accurate, vehicles are being made
             | larger to get around emission limitations. I'd love a new
             | small truck like what Toyota used to make and ford
             | f150/ranger's used to be ~10-20 years, but such vehicles
             | just don't really exist anymore.
        
             | twoWhlsGud wrote:
             | Consumers prefer a vehicle that looks like it'll keep them
             | and their family alive on the streets as given - if some
             | other persons kid ends up dead as a result of their choice
             | - well "whateves".
             | 
             | Make the streets less dangerous and they might prefer
             | something cheaper and as a side bonus less deadly to their
             | neighbors.
        
       | tasty_freeze wrote:
       | There is another angle here besides the immediate impact (pun
       | intended) of getting hit by a big truck.
       | 
       | I'm nearly 60, but I can remember what it was like learning to
       | drive back in 1980. Before SUVs and huge pickup trucks became
       | common, and before tinting windows to near opacity became a
       | thing, it was possible to see road conditions three cars ahead --
       | you simply looked through the windows of the car or cars in front
       | of you. I found it unnerving to drive behind a delivery truck
       | because all I could see of the road was the back of the truck, so
       | I'd change lanes so I could have more advanced notice of what was
       | ahead of me.
       | 
       | These days that is mostly over: windows are too opaque, and very
       | often that is moot because the vehicle immediately before me is
       | well above my Corolla's vantage point.
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | Non-trucks attempting a right-turn-on-red next to trucks are
         | also more likely to hit a pedestrian, though if they are
         | driving in a sane manner, it's unlikely to be fatal. I cannot
         | see a pedestrian over the hood of a truck stopped just short of
         | the crosswalk until my bumper is already well into the
         | crosswalk.
        
           | anonymouskimmer wrote:
           | Not nearly as bad as hitting someone, but it's also annoying
           | when a person is honking behind me and I'm thinking "Dude, I
           | can't turn right until the light turns green because I can't
           | see oncoming traffic since the truck/SUV in the left lane
           | pulled forward.".
        
             | Zancarius wrote:
             | Oh, I've been honked a few times in the past few months
             | right after pulling up to a light just after it turned red
             | and the cross traffic has a green light. It's like... "you
             | really expect me to pull out INTO traffic because you're so
             | impatient?!" The first time it happened the person kept
             | hitting their horn until they saw the cross traffic.
             | Amazing.
        
         | stefan_ wrote:
         | Streets haven't gotten wider since then either. Maybe less of a
         | problem in the US where everything is planned around humongous
         | fire trucks, but in the EU if you had a street that could
         | easily accommodate two moving lanes with parking on either
         | side, that has basically narrowed down to one moving lane.
         | 
         | Also reminds me of all the regulation around car lights - you
         | literally specified the beam pattern light intensity color and
         | what not, but you couldn't be bothered to narrowly restrict the
         | height off the ground? Great, now everyone in a sedan is being
         | blinded by all sorts of SUVs and trucks. Utter failure.
        
           | Jayakumark wrote:
           | To add to it, they should put a limit on Lumens on Headlight
           | something like not to exceed 2000 lumens, Also its
           | temperature should be 3000k range like old cars but new ones
           | are like 8000k. yesterday night - saw a light that must be
           | atleast 20000 lumens its like watching sun, cant see anything
           | for a few seconds.
        
             | _puk wrote:
             | They (The RAC[0]) are actually pushing for regulation here
             | in the UK along those lines.
             | 
             | There seems to be quite a push from the public to do
             | something, so maybe it'll change one day..
             | 
             | "According to the Royal Society for the Prevention of
             | Accidents, between the ages of 15 and 65, the time it takes
             | to recover from glare increases from one to nine seconds.
             | 
             | At 60 miles an hour, that's 250 yards in nine seconds.
             | 
             | Baroness Hayter said: "The Group's first interaction with
             | Ministers led them to say: No problem here, no evidence of
             | deaths or serious injuries. Since then, the public have
             | reached out to tell us they disagree, and that many are
             | stopping driving at night, with eight out of 10 drivers
             | surveyed wanting action to reduce glare.
             | 
             | "We know other countries share our concern, with drivers
             | demanding action. The Government needs to heed our call for
             | action and be on the side of road safety."
             | 
             | 0: https://www.rac.co.uk/drive/news/motoring-news/drivers-
             | deman...
        
           | Zancarius wrote:
           | > Great, now everyone in a sedan is being blinded by all
           | sorts of SUVs and trucks. Utter failure.
           | 
           | I drive a truck and live in a mountainous area. Trust me,
           | it's not just sedans. Nearly everyone drives around with
           | their brights on and it seems they no longer bother to turn
           | them down when approaching traffic (automatic dimming
           | features don't work well up here). Consequently, night time
           | driving is dangerous. I don't know what their advertised beam
           | pattern is, but it's like driving passed spotlights aimed at
           | your eyes while on the road when you're on the outside lane.
           | 
           | FWIW mine are halogens (2014). Plenty bright (and aim-able--
           | for towing), but they're useless when you're temporarily
           | blinded by super bright LEDs.
        
           | dysfunction wrote:
           | Streets may not have gotten wider in a given city/town since
           | then, but there's been a lot of population growth and
           | development in that time in the sunbelt where urban planning
           | has favored very wide roads. So even if roads themselves
           | aren't getting wider, people have been moving to places where
           | roads are wide.
        
             | twoWhlsGud wrote:
             | This. I was recently in Phoenix for a meeting and was
             | struck by the state of the roads there. Lots of paint on
             | the roads bike lines on 4 or 6 lane 45 mph streets where
             | lots of folks were doing 55+. I class myself as someone who
             | will bike a lot of places in Seattle but I didn't see a
             | single road (i'm sure there are some _somewhere_ there)
             | that I 'd be willing to ride in Phoenix.
        
         | wharvle wrote:
         | Windows and front/back windshields are way smaller now, too.
         | It's like we're all driving around looking out of tank-
         | viewport-slits. (I'm sure there are exceptions in some models--
         | I drove a buddy's Jeep-truck the other day and the unusually-
         | good-by-modern-standards visibility nearly turned me into a
         | Jeep guy on the spot--but that's the trend)
        
           | hwillis wrote:
           | Hmm. I'm not sure how true that is, but that might be a
           | perception thing because hoods have gotten longer and
           | windshields have gotten more slanted. Being farther from the
           | front of the car/windshield makes your view angle smaller
           | even if the height of the window hasn't changed.
           | 
           | Surprisingly, sloped windows are more of a safety thing than
           | a fuel efficiency or aerodynamics thing. If the windshield is
           | too sloped, it acts like a wedge that throws air up above the
           | car and causes a ton of turbulence. It's more important that
           | the airflow stays stuck to the top surface of the car, and a
           | steeper windshield helps with that.
        
             | wharvle wrote:
             | OK, the glass may or may not be smaller on the windshield
             | and rear (I haven't measured, and yeah, a greater slant
             | could be the mechanism, not less glass) but the viewable
             | area is smaller.
             | 
             | Side windows are 100% for-sure smaller, because all the
             | structures around them have gotten much thicker.
        
           | mturmon wrote:
           | Yes. As you may know, recent safety regulations prompted by
           | rollover incidents have meant that the "A" and "C" pillars
           | connecting the body to the roof have been made wider. [See
           | the first 2 paragraphs of the "Design" section of:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillar_(car) ]
           | 
           | It seems like there's a second-order effect here on
           | visibility that may not have been really appreciated.
        
             | epage wrote:
             | With my previous car, I never remember having visibility
             | issues. I then got a 2013. The pillars aie ierfect
             | pedestian blockerr, especially when making turns. I don't
             | see how me doing better in a roll over is better than me
             | running someone over.
        
           | saltcured wrote:
           | Cars in the 80s and 90s definitely had more of a "greenhouse"
           | feel to them, with mostly transparent glass and small
           | framing.
           | 
           | Due to a mixture of standards, this has changed. The roof cap
           | and pillars have thickened and curved for roll-over
           | protection, and front pillars are also thicker to hold air
           | bags that didn't exist in those older cars. The windows sills
           | are higher up relative to the driver, to improve side-impact
           | protection.
           | 
           | There are other changes too, such as dark coatings around the
           | edges of windshields and fat mounts behind the rear view
           | mirror to hold sensors, cameras, etc. As a tall driver, I
           | find these changes very frustrating. The rear view mirror is
           | capable of hiding a crossing car at a 4-way stop, and I
           | sometimes cannot even see overhead traffic lights when
           | stopped in the first position at an intersection.
        
         | burnerburnson wrote:
         | I regularly pass people on the right and then cut them off
         | getting back into the left lane just so that I don't have to be
         | stuck behind someone I can't see around.
         | 
         | The tinted front/rear windows really piss me off because they
         | make my drive more dangerous for very little reason. I'd make
         | them illegal if it were up to me.
        
           | BobaFloutist wrote:
           | >I'd make them illegal if it were up to me.
           | 
           | They mostly are (at least the front windshield is), it's just
           | not really enforced.
        
           | el_benhameen wrote:
           | Tinted front windshields are illegal in California, among
           | other states, fwiw. The law just isn't enforced, just like
           | modded exhaust, and residential speed limits ... and passing
           | on the right.
        
             | Stratoscope wrote:
             | It's perfectly legal in California to safely pass on the
             | right on a multilane highway and in some other situations.
             | What is illegal is using anything other than a normal
             | traffic lane to do this, such as the shoulder.
             | 
             | Of course this does not excuse GP's practice where "I
             | regularly pass people on the right and then _cut them off_
             | getting back into the left lane... "
             | 
             | Unless I misunderstood GP's comment, that sounds like
             | reckless driving.
             | 
             | Source:
             | 
             | CVC 21754. The driver of a vehicle may overtake and pass to
             | the right of another vehicle only under the following
             | conditions: (c) Upon any highway outside of a business or
             | residence district with unobstructed pavement of sufficient
             | width and clearly marked for two or more lines of moving
             | traffic in the direction of travel.
             | 
             | CVC 21755. (a) The driver of a vehicle may overtake and
             | pass another vehicle upon the right only under conditions
             | permitting that movement in safety. In no event shall that
             | movement be made by driving off the paved or main-traveled
             | portion of the roadway.
             | 
             | [other subsections omitted here, see below for full text]
             | 
             | https://law.justia.com/codes/california/2022/code-
             | veh/divisi...
             | 
             | https://law.justia.com/codes/california/2022/code-
             | veh/divisi...
        
               | uoaei wrote:
               | You were being pedantic up until here, so let's continue
               | with the presumption of pedantry: what GP described is
               | very far from _reckless_ driving because they knew
               | exactly what they were doing. You can cut people off
               | safely, if dickishly, because of how the laws of physics
               | work: cars can 't suddenly teleport into where you will
               | be, acceleration (especially at those speeds) is
               | relatively slow for the vast majority of passenger
               | vehicles.
        
               | klyrs wrote:
               | Agreed, passive aggressive driving is wreckful, not
               | reckless.
        
           | dcotter wrote:
           | Know what's already illegal? Passing on the right:
           | 
           | > Laws that cover passing when crossing the centerline of the
           | roadway is not required (where there are multiple lanes in
           | the same direction), often say something like this:
           | 
           | > The driver of a vehicle overtaking another vehicle
           | proceeding in the same direction shall pass to the left
           | thereof at a safe distance and shall not again drive to the
           | right side of the roadway until safely clear of the overtaken
           | vehicle.
           | 
           | source: https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/free-
           | books/beat-tick...
        
             | stronglikedan wrote:
             | It's not illegal everywhere, and it's silly that it's
             | illegal anywhere.
        
               | anonymouskimmer wrote:
               | The right lanes are generally explicitly intended to be
               | slower lanes. Making them optionally faster lanes can be
               | dangerously disruptive. As well as, when the rightmost
               | lane is used to pass, difficult for new vehicles to merge
               | from side roads.
               | 
               | These laws are made so people know what to expect for
               | safe driving. When we're all being chauffeured in
               | autonomous vehicles it'll be safe to rethink them.
        
               | dcotter wrote:
               | Not silly. Here's why:
               | 
               | 1. Passing on the right, i.e. passenger side, means being
               | in the driver's blind spot longer.
               | 
               | 2. On- and off-ramps are almost always on the right, as
               | are police making traffic stops, ambulances, cars pulled
               | over on the shoulder, sidewalks, pedestrians, cross
               | streets, etc.
               | 
               | 3. Slower traffic is supposed to be in the right lane
               | (because of #2), so a car accelerating to pass the car in
               | front of it, suddenly in a lane of slow traffic, is a
               | safety hazard to the slower drivers, regardless of #2.
               | 
               | I'm writing from the US, so for me left lane = driver's
               | side.
        
             | Zancarius wrote:
             | Depends on the state.
             | 
             | https://law.justia.com/codes/new-
             | mexico/2011/chapter66/artic...
             | 
             | Which is probably a good thing since drivers from out of
             | state (ahem, Texas) tend to prefer to left lane, will go
             | 10-15 under the posted speed limit, and promptly go 10-15
             | OVER the posted speed limit when you attempt to overtake
             | them.
        
             | uoaei wrote:
             | Those jurisdictions typically have more strongly enforced
             | "slower traffic keep right" laws also. Why the double
             | standard?
        
         | Symbiote wrote:
         | It's even more noticeable cycling. An adult on a bicycle has
         | their head just above roof level of an ordinary car, which is
         | excellent as it gives a view of cars coming the other way.
         | 
         | I go through the area where all the really rich people live,
         | and it's easy to see over their sports cars, luxury sedans etc.
         | 
         | Continuing through the wannabe-rich area, my view is then
         | blocked by SUVs and similar.
         | 
         | (Whether this is important depends mostly on how well separated
         | car and bicycle traffic is.)
        
         | gardenhedge wrote:
         | Just stay well enough back from the car in front of you and
         | you'll be fine..
        
         | mbostleman wrote:
         | I think that's more of a function of the relative difference
         | between the sizes of your vehicle and the other vehicle, not
         | the absolute size of the other vehicle. The relative size is a
         | big factor in why mixing bikes with cars is so deadly. The
         | other one, of course, is relative speed. Years ago I got my CDL
         | and there was a multiple choice question to the effect of what
         | is the safest speed to drive. Three of the answers were all
         | relative to the speed limit and the correct answer was relative
         | to other traffic: the safest speed is the speed of the cars
         | around you, or zero relative speed.
        
       | bradgranath wrote:
       | No duh?
        
       | sf_rob wrote:
       | I got in an argument with the Ford CMO on Twitter about this. He
       | said that the F150 has maintained the overall footprint for
       | years, which is true. However, if you super-impose an image of
       | older F150s and newer ones (which I did) you find that the hood
       | is much more "cubic" leading to a higher edge and much worse
       | viewing angle. I believe this is entirely stylistic.
        
         | kjkjadksj wrote:
         | Another big difference between a new one and a 50 year old one,
         | is the cabin on the old one is basically like driving in an
         | aquarium tank in terms of visibility with the lack of a or b
         | pillar obstruction and low belt lines. Suspension is also
         | generally lower on smaller tires from the ones I still see
         | around town from the 70s. Sometimes their hoods aren't much
         | taller than a sedan but that could be from the suspension
         | setup.
        
       | renewiltord wrote:
       | Yeah, that makes sense. But lots of people pointed out to me that
       | "right of way won't matter when you're dead" and that "cemeteries
       | are filled with people who had the right of way". That's true and
       | taking that to heart means buying a big truck because then right
       | of way doesn't matter and it's the other guy in the cemetery.
       | After all, "I'd rather be judged by 12 than buried by 6" or
       | whatever. Yield to gross tonnage.
        
       | quadyeast wrote:
       | The opaque tinted side windows make it hard to tell if the driver
       | sees you at the pedestrian cross. I'm often forced to wait till
       | they leave and they sometimes wait for me so ...
        
       | tomaskafka wrote:
       | It seems that no one has yet posted the famous article linking
       | SUVs to immaturity and low self esteem, so here we go.
       | 
       | > Car companies managed this remarkable feat because they ran--
       | and continue to run--quite possibly the most sophisticated
       | marketing operations on the planet. They knew what people really
       | wanted: to project an image of selfish superiority. And then they
       | sold it to them at a markup
       | 
       | > Who has been buying SUVs since automakers turned them into
       | family vehicles? They tend to be people who are insecure and
       | vain. They are frequently nervous about their marriages and
       | uncomfortable about parenthood. They often lack confidence in
       | their driving skills. Above all, they are apt to be self-centered
       | and self-absorbed, with little interest in their neighbors or
       | communities.
       | 
       | https://www.vice.com/en/article/m7q7eb/electric-or-not-big-s...
        
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