[HN Gopher] Should I open source my company? (2022)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Should I open source my company? (2022)
        
       Author : AnhTho_FR
       Score  : 306 points
       Date   : 2024-01-22 09:40 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (supabase.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (supabase.com)
        
       | kevingadd wrote:
       | IMO, no. Maybe with a sufficiently restrictive license. If your
       | core product is good enough and you permissively license it, odds
       | are someone else with more money is just going to repackage it
       | and sell it without throwing any money your way.
       | 
       | On the other hand if your product isn't good enough then the
       | decision doesn't matter since it won't take off either way. :)
        
         | serial_dev wrote:
         | (2022)
        
         | szundi wrote:
         | Try not to be Jeffed
        
           | guappa wrote:
           | AGPL?
        
       | cuuupid wrote:
       | This is a really good in depth article but misses one thing so
       | many projects miss: just sell to the civil government.
       | 
       | USG has so many programs (eg NSF grants) for tech and the
       | disjointedness of civil agencies, IC, and state govts means they
       | end up procuring a dramatically large landscape of software. The
       | regulatory and compliance bar to entry is not nearly as high as
       | you think especially if you are teaming your first few contracts.
       | It is solid, guaranteed revenue to fund your project for usually
       | 3-5 year commitments, and usually massively profitable.
       | 
       | I wish more open source companies took advantage of this, because
       | usually fully private sector companies will end up baking open
       | source libraries into their project and sell it at gigantic
       | markups, pocketing everything. eg:
       | https://x.com/ssankar/status/1749202248700420587?s=20
       | 
       | When I was in govt I saw so much software that was basically open
       | source maps + open source db for $12m. To give another frame of
       | reference, I've seen OCR on PDFs carry a $2mm price tag, and a
       | tool like weights & biases carry $30mm (all $ per annum).
       | 
       | There are even other incentives here beyond deploying software;
       | for example prioritizing fixing certain bugs or security flaws in
       | your software -- eg IC would have paid big $$ for safetensors.
       | 
       | I'll even highlight four ways Supabase could do this: - Cybercom
       | (direct) - DOS (direct or teaming) - VA (thru a PWS) - direct to
       | govcon software powerhouses
       | 
       | And three ways to do this: - cold email GS 14s/15s or equivalent
       | - hire an ex-GS15 - find a solicitation that fits on SAM.gov then
       | use GovPro.ai (white glove) or rogue (diy) to put together a
       | response
        
         | huijzer wrote:
         | > just sell to the civil government.
         | 
         | From what I've seen, governments and startups typically don't
         | go well together. By the time the government bureaucracy has
         | finally approved the contract, most startups would already have
         | been out of money.
        
           | cuuupid wrote:
           | This is a myth that's exaggerated by specific anecdotes
           | around sole-source (which is where you work with the govt and
           | they put out a notice saying they intend to go with you).
           | Because of there not being constraints on time there and them
           | needing to allow others to protest this makes timelines
           | highly random.
           | 
           | Most are not like this, usually the government puts out
           | solicitations (RFI/Q/Ps). They have a set deadline by which
           | they have to answer your questions, a set deadline for bids,
           | and a set deadline (usually 30d) by which they have to select
           | someone.
           | 
           | You can also game this by emailing people around september,
           | which is when they are getting ready to close their budgets.
           | They need to spend any surplus, and I've seen many prominent
           | civil agencies (won't name and shame) throw around $1-2mm on
           | a same-day contract with vague constraints.
        
             | count wrote:
             | At least in a bunch of the defense agencies, books close
             | for new stuff mid-August. The Aug-Oct timeframe is used to
             | finish executing already in-flight stuff. And if you miss
             | the 10/1 deadline, you're waiting at least until Feb (for
             | many reasons...), assuming Congress has passed a budget.
        
         | 7thaccount wrote:
         | Just started doing government research contracts. If this is in
         | anyway similar, I'd be wary. The contracts can be lucrative,
         | but there is just a ton of red tape where you need to have
         | people experienced in dealing with it. It isn't for everybody
         | and it does take a lot of time and negotiation.
        
           | cuuupid wrote:
           | Yep, for most PWS contracts there are base personnel
           | requirements. That being said for research the bar is pretty
           | high, for regular industry it's pretty low:
           | 
           | - experience in the field (or agency-based past performance)
           | 
           | - clearance (usually public trust for civil, which can be as
           | short as 1-2 week turnaround)
           | 
           | - citizen, US based, with data centers/software inside the US
           | 
           | There are stringent requirements for software the higher up
           | you go (esp to DoD & then IC) but requirements most will meet
           | and build towards while still making $$$. You don't need to
           | have 20 TS/SCI engineers who have IAT L2 and IL6 infra with
           | an ATO at the agency to start with (or even know what those
           | words/acronyms mean), but a vertical in govt will naturally
           | enable that over time.
        
         | codingdave wrote:
         | While I agree that government is an overlooked market, I would
         | not start with the federal government. Massive bureaucracy
         | aside, they are the largest, slowest and most difficult
         | government entity to deal with. And there are literally tens of
         | thousands of other government entities in the USA alone -
         | schools, towns, counties, states, water and fire districts,
         | libraries, etc.
         | 
         | If you want to get into the public sector, think small and
         | wide, not all-in on the biggest one.
        
         | thomastjeffery wrote:
         | If it's good it's good. There are a lot of reasons it might not
         | be, though.
         | 
         | The most lucrative sector of government (in the world) is the
         | US Department of Defense.
         | 
         | Not only are they incredibly bureaucratic and schedule-
         | sensitive, they are _obsessed_ with secrets.
        
       | drekipus wrote:
       | I've actually been thinking this a bit for one of my products.
       | 
       | I'm thinking: I will give it a closed source grace period, then,
       | by that time, it should either be:
       | 
       | 1. A dud, so close the offering, show the source.
       | 
       | 2. Working well, in which I can open-source and rely on brand
       | recognition to carry forward the business.
       | 
       | Releasing as AGPL3 at least means that I get some code
       | contribution back, (right? Right?!)
        
         | sneak wrote:
         | Free software is a gift. You shouldn't give it expecting
         | anything back.
        
           | Towaway69 wrote:
           | Life is also a gift.
           | 
           | Free software is a gift from anonymous folks. A gift from a
           | friend can come with moral obligations - depending on your
           | cultural background.
        
       | mindwok wrote:
       | I love this topic, and I love Supabase. But I'd love to see a
       | take on this from a purely business perspective, because so many
       | companies lately have started out like this (Red Hat, Mongo,
       | Elastic, Hashicorp, etc) and then walked it back after they
       | became a success / went public.
        
         | brabel wrote:
         | Supabase is just getting started... in 10 years, what do you
         | think are the chances they'll follow the exact path of those
         | other companies which have been around much longer? To be
         | honest, I think that's actually the only path to a sustainable
         | company. Start open source so you can get a good name and free
         | contributions from the community, and then when you've got a
         | foothold on the market, change your license so you can stop
         | other companies from exploiting your work (and the work of your
         | contributors) at your expense.
        
       | zurfer wrote:
       | For me the main question is not, is the code good enough or will
       | competitors copy, but how can we make enough money to build a
       | sustainable business?
       | 
       | The quoted and beloved open source projects are not good
       | businesses: PostgreSQL, Python, Bitcoin, React
       | 
       | Mongo and Elastic are great, but exceptions. There are more
       | successful closed source database companies than open source
       | ones.
       | 
       | Open source companies are hard. However, they are super valuable
       | for users.
        
         | CaptArmchair wrote:
         | Mongo and Elastic have changed there licenses to the "service-
         | side public license" (SSPL) which is a particular own flavor of
         | AGPL. The OSI has stated that this isn't an open source
         | license. [1]
         | 
         | Barring a discussion about whether or not a license is "open
         | source", what matters is that these businesses asserted that
         | commonly used licenses - (A)GPL, Apache, MIT,... - are leaving
         | ample room for competitors to setup their own managed / hosted
         | services and compete with them through scale (e.g. Amazon's
         | Open Search offering undercutting ElasticSearch).
         | 
         | [1] https://blog.opensource.org/the-sspl-is-not-an-open-
         | source-l...
        
       | wouldbecouldbe wrote:
       | He writes: "But my code is bad: This is just ego. The person who
       | spends the most time thinking about you is you, and the person
       | who spends the most time stressing over your bad code is you as
       | well."
       | 
       | In most places in life this is valid, but in the developer
       | community I disagree. Developers love talking shit about each
       | others code.
       | 
       | Still yearly ritual here to bash the "Clean code" book.
        
         | guappa wrote:
         | Not true. When I happen to having to fix stuff or have to
         | decode insane json, I curse other developers.
        
         | flurdy wrote:
         | The article then also contradicts itself slightly with that for
         | hiring look at their previous public contributions.
         | 
         | However, I get their point for both cases. Looking at
         | contributions gives a glimpse of that person. However with a
         | grain of salt.
         | 
         | And the imposter syndrome is strong in public contributions. I
         | get it, and agree with the article, don't worry.
         | 
         | I am working with a gov client at the moment so back to coding
         | in the open again, and it is great. I am not worried that my
         | quick one-line comment on a PR for a tiny repo is now public.
         | Or pushed typos. It happens.
        
         | tomashubelbauer wrote:
         | This sentence goes well with the one at the end of that
         | paragraph:
         | 
         | > Toxic community members who complain about bad code instead
         | of making suggestions to improve it are not the people you want
         | in your community anyway.
         | 
         | If someone finds your code and goes out of their way just to
         | shit on it, they can get fucked. I'd be handing out blocks for
         | that.
        
       | anonzzzies wrote:
       | We have been thinking about this for our product; we are
       | definitely (and have this openly on our site) going to open
       | source all under MIT or Apache (whatever we like by that time),
       | but for now, but either of those, not AGPL or open-core or
       | something like that), we find/found (not my first rodeo) it
       | completely impossible to make money with that type of arrangement
       | _as a product_ (consultancy sure). Supabase had bucketloads of VC
       | money, as do almost all  'big' open source projects. If you are
       | bootstrapped, this is not going to pay the bills for quite a
       | while especially on an ambitious / hard project. People only can
       | work for free for so long and with closed code, a small team in
       | constant contact etc you can move a lot faster by cutting the
       | overhead needed for a successful OSS project.
       | 
       | It would be interesting to hear a story like this from a project
       | of _similar_ size that has $0 funding, has been founded in the
       | last 5 years, has a fulltime team  >1 and exists for 3+ years and
       | still would recommend this approach. How are they making ends
       | meet? Things like Redis simply don't happen anymore. At least; I
       | haven't seen any. Hell, even trivial projects, like langchain,
       | get in 10s of millions of VC and those would be my candidates for
       | actually being able to do it as a few-man-band while getting in
       | money via different sources.
        
         | sneak wrote:
         | One can release all code under free software licenses without
         | being or trying to be "a successful OSS project" and its
         | associated overhead.
         | 
         | All of my software is released as public domain (free software)
         | and none of it is a successful open source project or
         | community. Free software is first and foremost an ideology, and
         | a practice or feature second.
        
           | anonzzzies wrote:
           | Absolutely agree and I do with my own code, but I need to eat
           | and haven't managed to do that from open source. So yeah,
           | that's why we pledge to open in a set time or set revenue
           | stream, but I am not rich enough to just work for nothing in
           | the meanwhile. That doesn't mean that I don't open most
           | things I do in private.
           | 
           | Edit: forgot 'don't'
        
         | myaccountonhn wrote:
         | Sourcehut is AGPL, maybe not as used as something like Redis
         | but has managed to employ >1, is profitable (according to last
         | report 2022) and has been around for 3+ years.
        
       | imiric wrote:
       | One aspect I don't see mentioned is that it's not just about open
       | sourcing your codebase. Many companies make the mistake of using
       | open source as a marketing tool to attract users, and as a funnel
       | into their commercial plans. They prioritize working on what
       | makes them money, instead of being good maintainers of their open
       | source product. They don't know how to build and nurture their
       | open source community, and treat open source users as second-
       | class compared to their commercial users.
       | 
       | Don't do this. The OSS product needs to be as featureful as your
       | commercial product. It's fine to offer some commercial value
       | added features and services that would only be useful for
       | enterprise customers, but these shouldn't be core features of the
       | product. You can have priority support for your paying customers,
       | but don't leave OSS users with "community support" only. At the
       | end of the day, the company does need to make money to survive,
       | but treat all your users with the same respect. If the product is
       | good enough and solves a genuine problem, you won't have
       | difficulties monetizing.
        
         | asmor wrote:
         | You can go for adoption / mindshare and consulting, or you can
         | go for selling the product. There's very little in between when
         | even the largest expected adopters can only derive little
         | convenience from paying you.
         | 
         | "If the product is good enough and solves a genuine problem,
         | you won't have difficulties monetizing." is wishful thinking.
         | Look at Elastic, MongoDB, RHEL and HashiCorp - all with amazing
         | adoption - having trouble attracting paying customers to pay
         | them over someone else and subsequently having to remove the
         | ability of others to monetize their product.
        
           | imiric wrote:
           | > Look at Elastic, MongoDB, RHEL and HashiCorp - all with
           | amazing adoption - having trouble attracting paying customers
           | to pay them over someone else and subsequently having to
           | remove the ability of others to monetize their product.
           | 
           | Those are still service problems. If you as the author of the
           | project can't build a solid moat around it that entices users
           | to use your commercial service over someone else's, that
           | means you haven't done a good job at it, and others have.
           | 
           | It's a difficult balance to keep OSS users happy, while also
           | making the best commercial offering. Not many companies do
           | this right. I think Grafana has done a solid job of
           | monetizing the open core model. I struggle to think of
           | others, but I'm sure they exist.
           | 
           | EDIT: Another example might be Automattic. I'm not a
           | WordPress user, but AFAIK it has a very healthy open source
           | community, and wordpress.com is _the_ place to use it
           | commercially. Doesn't WP run something like half of all web
           | sites?
        
             | arccy wrote:
             | wordpress has a horrible reputation in software/plugin
             | quality, so you pay someone else to run it for you.
        
             | brabel wrote:
             | > I struggle to think of others, but I'm sure they exist.
             | 
             | Do you also struggle to think of businesses who are not OSS
             | but successful? I think the list of non-opensource
             | companies that became big is much, much larger - to the
             | point I think it's fair to say successful OSS companies
             | (from the perspective of making money, at least) are the
             | extreme exception.
        
               | imiric wrote:
               | That goes without saying. Building a successful company
               | is hard enough. Doing it based on an open source product
               | is even harder. But companies that do this right generate
               | far more good will from their users than companies
               | building strictly closed source products. This is a good
               | thing for users, customers, the company and its
               | shareholders. But for this to work, it's important that
               | the founders believe in open source as something more
               | than just a business strategy.
        
             | asmor wrote:
             | This is simply not true. There's an initial cost of getting
             | your engineers familiar with a codebase, sure, but that's
             | still substantially less than building and maintaining the
             | damn thing. Someone outside the project maintainers will
             | always have a smaller cost basis for the tradeoff of not
             | controlling what goes into the code (a power you say they
             | shoudn't abuse - and most of the examples I named did, i.e.
             | Terraform Cloud integration) and not being able to say
             | "from the makers of <thing>".
             | 
             | I don't think that's enough, especially if the other
             | company is AWS.
             | 
             | Also, Wordpress has a lot of competitors. Pantheon and
             | Pressable come to mind in the enterprise space, with every
             | commodity webhoster using Plesk for a less managed but very
             | budget experience.
        
               | imiric wrote:
               | > Someone outside the project maintainers will always
               | have a smaller cost basis for the tradeoff of not
               | controlling what goes into the code
               | 
               | How do you figure this? Nobody will know the product, its
               | users and their needs better than the original authors.
               | They have a distinct advantage over any competitor who
               | only offers a commercial wrapper around it. Not to
               | mention that they have full control over the direction of
               | the product, and can at anytime introduce a new feature
               | their commercial service takes advantage of from day one.
               | Their competitors could also fork the OSS product, but
               | it's very likely that the OSS userbase stays with the
               | original authors.
               | 
               | Again, for this to work the authors need to be both great
               | OSS stewards, and great business leaders. Not many
               | companies do this correctly.
               | 
               | > I don't think that's enough, especially if the other
               | company is AWS.
               | 
               | By the time AWS takes notice of your product, you should
               | already be quite successful at your own business, in a
               | way that they can't compete. The companies AWS stole
               | lunch from didn't do this properly, and their only
               | recourse was a license change.
               | 
               | > a power you say they shoudn't abuse - and most of the
               | examples I named did
               | 
               | Yes, I'm not arguing those companies don't exist. I'm
               | saying that it's not in their best interest to do so,
               | considering how much community backlash can hurt them.
               | You also ignored my two examples of companies which I
               | think do this right, and have successful businesses.
               | 
               | > Also, Wordpress has a lot of competitors.
               | 
               | Sure it does. Hooray for open source.
               | https://wordpress.com/hosting/ lists some of them. The
               | goal for the original authors is to offer the _best_
               | service so that customers will want to choose them over
               | the competition. Or maybe they can focus on a certain
               | slice of the market, and leave others to cover the rest.
               | The pie can be big enough for everyone. This is not
               | unlike any other company. Competition will always exist.
               | But again, the original authors will always have an
               | advantage. Not knowing how to do this properly speaks
               | more about the company than about open source. This isn't
               | impossible, just very difficult.
        
           | guappa wrote:
           | I think mongodb was more of a fad than a product.
        
             | threeseed wrote:
             | The company made over a billion in revenue last year.
        
       | android521 wrote:
       | The business model of supabase is to market themselves as an open
       | source company but in practice, no one in their right mind will
       | try to self host for production. (you know, some subtle missing
       | documentation or some subtle bugs or some subtle missing
       | important features). So they get the praise for being open source
       | but in fact, it is never practical. It is just marketing scheme.
        
         | yadascript wrote:
         | I don't agree this is _just_ a marketing scheme but in any case
         | it 's still a much better situation for consumers than
         | companies with closed-source products.
        
         | portaouflop wrote:
         | I know people who are running Supbase in production for
         | Enterprise customers so that claim is just false.
        
         | k__ wrote:
         | Open source isn't just about self hosting.
         | 
         | It also allows developers to look at the code that's actually
         | running, even if they don't run it themselves.
        
           | sesm wrote:
           | To me looking at the code doesn't do much if I can't patch it
        
             | k__ wrote:
             | Considering the state of the average docs, I usually prefer
             | code.
        
               | sesm wrote:
               | Right, but even if I have the source code but can't patch
               | the version that I'm running, that's not very useful to
               | me.
        
           | vasco wrote:
           | It allows you to look at some code, if that's the one that's
           | running or not is a different story.
        
         | lucideer wrote:
         | > _some subtle missing documentation or some subtle bugs or
         | some subtle missing important features_
         | 
         | Unless you're implying that Supabase are for some reason
         | deliberately releasing separate defective software to the open
         | source community... to... convince users that using their
         | commercial services is a good reliable option??? I can't really
         | figure out how or why any business would go to the effort of
         | doing this. It seems patently easier to be a legit open source
         | company.
         | 
         | Assuming you're not implying the above & I've just
         | misinterpreted... everything else in your comment paints
         | Supabase in an eminently positive light.
        
           | dingi wrote:
           | They might not release a separate version for OSS, but I've
           | seen this pattern in some "OSS" companies. They allow the OSS
           | version to lag behind in terms on bug fixes and security
           | updates. Some things are hard to achieve without paid
           | support. These days it's not unbelievable that they are doing
           | it on purpose. After all, we've seen some vocal OSS companies
           | go proprietary after gaining some traction. The lesson is
           | that you absolutely cannot trust corporations to uphold OSS
           | ethos once they get a reasonable amount of traction.
        
             | lucideer wrote:
             | > _The lesson is that you absolutely cannot trust
             | corporations to uphold OSS ethos_
             | 
             | I'm absolutely with you here but I think this is a matter
             | of least worst situations: I still think an OSS corporation
             | trumps a non-OSS corporation regardless.
             | 
             | > _These days it 's not unbelievable that they are doing it
             | on purpose._
             | 
             | I think there's a bit of a leap between a company - at a
             | management level - deciding to "go open-source" for mainly
             | marketing/branding/image reasons & that same company
             | actively endeavoring to make their open-source product
             | deliberately worse.
             | 
             | It's still likely (& common) that profit incentive will
             | lead to paid plans receiving more investment & QA than
             | open-source offerings. But again, this is a least worst
             | outcome imo. A semi-abandoned corporate OSS project isn't
             | very different from a semi-abandoned personal individual
             | OSS project - maybe even better as there will typically be
             | less social reluctance to build a community fork.
        
               | jddj wrote:
               | Thought experiment: You sell a hosted solution and also
               | release your software as open source.
               | 
               | Daily, you are bombarded with decisions for how to
               | allocate resources. In each of those, do you lean towards
               | the option that makes it easier to self host rather than
               | spending those resources on other things?
        
               | lucideer wrote:
               | This is exactly my point.
               | 
               | There are systemic reasons for these systems to be
               | underresourced - there's absolutely no need for theories
               | about deliberately crippling OSS offerings.
        
         | the_mitsuhiko wrote:
         | So let's entertain that this is in fact the case: it makes no
         | sense in practice to self host for production. Even if that is
         | the case, you're still better off building on top of an Open
         | Source product because you're in a much stronger position in
         | being able to fork than hoping that the company you rely on
         | will stay around and not charge you to death.
         | 
         | A lot of products we all use underwent complex business
         | changes, but the Open Source ones still are here for us to use.
         | MySQL had a tumultuous past and yet there is a very active
         | version of it hanging around under a new business.
         | 
         | The marketing angle is for the company to leverage, but the
         | open source nature of it is for the user.
        
         | tuyiown wrote:
         | I'm with you on this one. <<Proper>> open source software are
         | installable with distributions package manager with workable
         | defaults, albeit opinionated but crafted with minimum care for
         | a targeted usage.
         | 
         | Maybe it's not viable for commercial purpose, but status quo
         | hurt open source software hard by a strong erosion of what to
         | expect of it, without clear long term benefits for companies
         | choosing such a scheme.
        
           | FridgeSeal wrote:
           | I disagree: just because something is open source doesn't not
           | imply the authors have any duty to also provide packaging and
           | distribution _as well_.
           | 
           | Distribution is an orthogonal concern. The fact that many
           | existing things are nicely distributed is a pleasant bonus,
           | not a necessary condition.
        
             | tuyiown wrote:
             | > open source doesn't not imply the authors have any duty
             | to also provide packaging and distribution as well
             | 
             | If the authors are using open source as a selling point and
             | marketing relay for broad audiences, I think there is a
             | moral obligation to.
             | 
             | For projects with little awareness, niche, or "just a
             | hobby, won't be big and professional", yes sure, I would
             | never think to have any opinion, nor bothering them.
        
           | fuddle wrote:
           | Officially, it's open source as long as "the code is released
           | under a license in which the copyright holder grants users
           | the rights to use, study, change, and distribute the software
           | and its source code to anyone and for any purpose".
        
         | kordlessagain wrote:
         | You clearly don't get the difference between business models
         | and raising interest. It's interesting that a service I would
         | use has open code because, you know, transparency is important.
         | That lazy or incompetent users can't get complicated software
         | running doesn't mean a scheme is in place, either.
        
         | archibaldJ wrote:
         | good points.
         | 
         | Realistically, it feels like the actual utility of an open-
         | source project is based on:
         | 
         | 1. it being educational: so everyone can look into its source &
         | learn from its design pattern, etc, or build upon or borrow
         | parts (eg to be modified) and to be used in their own projects
         | - but the practicality of it will really depend on how
         | decoupled and well-designed the system is
         | 
         | 2. in favour of competition (so more possible start-ups / big
         | corps can clone their systems/services) and as consumers we
         | will obviously benefit from that
         | 
         | 3. llm can access & train on its source code
         | 
         | I think point 3 is most interesting. And I'm also super curious
         | how true point 2 is and to what extend
         | 
         | Point 1 is really cool too - esp when it is done wonderfully
         | (Linux, React for example) but it really depends on so many
         | levels
        
           | FridgeSeal wrote:
           | What do LLM's have to do with code licences, and since when
           | has the utility of code depended upon an LLM instead of, you
           | know, its own utility?
        
             | spacebacon wrote:
             | What he is saying is that LLM's released into the wild to
             | train can anonymously steal from his code to improve their
             | own utility outside of licensing boundaries.
        
         | aljgz wrote:
         | There are actual benefits to a product like Supabase being
         | opensource, some are: 1- Peace of mind. You might not choose to
         | host it now, but you have one more way out, if you don't like
         | their service (of course they also should provide access to
         | your raw data) 2- Quality of code. If you have ever dealt with
         | really bad code that works apparently well, you know how
         | important it is to have code that you can proudly release to
         | public. 3- Possibility of contribution. This is something I
         | dismissed until it happened to me, in multiple occasions: you
         | have a problem (missing feature, bug, performance problem,
         | etc), you request it, or even contribute it. For most closed
         | source projects, you're lucky if there is a transparent channel
         | to request features.
        
         | speedgoose wrote:
         | I used one of their open source work in a project:
         | https://github.com/supabase/wrappers
         | 
         | It's appreciated since SaaS on AWS wasn't a possibility.
        
         | paulgb wrote:
         | One advantage of using open source products, even if you only
         | use the commercial version, is that they place a limit on how
         | "evil" the company can become: at some threshold, people might
         | decide to put in the effort to fork it (like MariaDB).
         | 
         | My company has had people straight up tell us that they are
         | comfortable using our managed service for that reason.
        
         | suslik wrote:
         | I heard good things about self-hosting it through elest.io.
        
         | codeptualize wrote:
         | I think you are missing the point.
         | 
         | The open source part, especially it being Postgres, makes it
         | possible for me to move away if I choose to do so, while
         | picking and choosing the parts I want to keep. This ability was
         | crucial for me, I would not have used Supabase otherwise.
         | 
         | If you look at Firebase for example, there are countless
         | stories of how difficult it is to move away.
         | 
         | Even if I won't self host Supabase, I can just take my schema,
         | take my data, and put it elsewhere fairly easily as all the
         | postgres extensions and everything is open source. I have the
         | ability to move away from Supabase completely, and people have
         | done this successfully before (see
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36004925).
         | 
         | Some people do actually self host btw, and supabase is adding
         | more options like hosting on Fly.io.
         | 
         | Besides this there are other advantages:
         | 
         | - I run Supabase locally for testing (using their docker images
         | and CLI)
         | 
         | - We run Supabase in GH actions for automated testing and
         | migrations
         | 
         | - I connect directly to the db, and use postgres tools for
         | various things, backups, snapshots, db admin tasks.
         | 
         | - There are community clients for many different languages
         | 
         | Sure, it's also marketing, as these are all great benefits that
         | really had a big impact on my decision to build on Supabase.
         | Open source is more than just self hosting.
        
       | clbrmbr wrote:
       | Any thoughts on (F)OSS models for IoT?
       | 
       | We've usually got some hardware and firmware closely bound
       | together, with traditional model being selling hardware with
       | proprietary firmware.
       | 
       | Any examples?
        
         | Towaway69 wrote:
         | What FlowFuse[0] does is market Node-RED[1] as the Open Source
         | offering, obtaining contributions for various devices from the
         | community and incorporate those into their commerical offering.
         | 
         | IoT has the problem that many devices but few users per device.
         | So who is going to make the effect to build an integration for
         | third-party software? The FlowFuse model is to allow the
         | community to do that while they (indirectly) upsell that work.
         | 
         | FlowFuse also provides the SaaS solution for commerical gains.
         | 
         | [0] https://flowfuse.com/ [1] https://nodered.org
        
       | dingi wrote:
       | Yeah yeah. Haven't we already seen this going on again and again.
       | Companies love OSS until they get some amount of traction in the
       | market. And they'll jump ship to being a proprietary vendor right
       | away after that. Can't believe people fall for this shit all the
       | time.
        
         | palata wrote:
         | Companies exist for profit. If open sourcing helps them getting
         | to a point where they will make more profit, they will open
         | source. If later going proprietary helps them make more profit,
         | they will, too.
         | 
         | Still what they released as open source stays open source, so
         | it's still a win. Also if contributors don't sign a CLA, then
         | it makes it harder for the company to go proprietary. To me
         | that's the only thing: contributors _should not sign a CLA_ :
         | either contributors keep their copyright, or they should not
         | contribute for free.
        
         | szundi wrote:
         | Being opensource helps finding bugs in something you rely on if
         | it does not go away fast enough. Sometimes I had success with
         | this, although not ideal, one more option.
         | 
         | Even if for profit and all
        
       | hoc wrote:
       | From a Firebase perspective they might think that they never
       | should have documented their concepts and APIs in the first
       | place... :)
       | 
       | So a bit of the right words to the matching user base and with
       | good points. Just that you always need to draw your own
       | conclusion from your unique position.
       | 
       | Kudos for the the nicely adapted Jurassic Park scene.
        
       | opengears wrote:
       | No
        
       | Beefin wrote:
       | i think the biggest moat OSS companies have is production-grade
       | infrastructure hosting.
        
       | gadders wrote:
       | >>When we discuss open source business models with other
       | founders, there are three complaints that come up again and
       | again. These are:
       | 
       | - People might criticize my messy/bad/unfinished code
       | 
       | - Hackers will find and exploit security holes
       | 
       | - Competitors will steal my Intellectual Property
       | 
       | I think they are missing a 4th item which is "Amazon/AWS will
       | commercialise and sell a service based on my code and not pay me
       | anything."
        
         | flurdy wrote:
         | That is covered further down in the "Late stage" paragraph.
         | Basically, you are already winning if the big ones try to
         | emulate you, though some advanced planning to mitigate this is
         | needed. But it should not be the focus nor worry at the start,
         | if I interpret the article correctly.
        
           | gadders wrote:
           | I would suggest (and I've run zero companies and I'm just
           | going by what I read on here) that if you want to open source
           | your project, from the start pick a license so that big cloud
           | companies can't commercialise your product for free.
           | 
           | People seem to get really salty when companies change their
           | license further down the line to prevent this.
        
             | sneak wrote:
             | Those licenses aren't open source.
             | 
             | People get salty because those license changes are from
             | open source to source available (like the BSL).
             | 
             | Some of us (myself included) even consider licenses like
             | the AGPL to be nonfree.
             | 
             | Free software can be used for _any purpose_ , including
             | competing with the original authors. If you can't do
             | whatever you want with the software, it's not free
             | software.
             | 
             | If you want to open source your software but you want to
             | put restrictions on what people can do with it, then, well,
             | you don't want to open source your software (and IMO the
             | free software community would be better off without your
             | free software cosplay).
        
               | segfaltnh wrote:
               | But as a commercial consumer, I still value source
               | available offerings quite a lot. I can debug my own
               | issues with them, I can see how well they're built and I
               | know thousands of eyes are looking at them.
               | 
               | Depending on the software, I agree it's not as good for
               | me as free software, but it's not worthless.
        
               | sneak wrote:
               | It's not worthless, but I try to avoid supporting
               | proprietary software companies.
               | 
               | Being selfish isn't a good look, especially when starting
               | out as free software (Docker Desktop, I'm looking at
               | you).
               | 
               | I even strongly dislike actual free software releases
               | with companies that have proprietary stuff alongside (so-
               | called open core). It means that the people doing it
               | don't give a shit about software freedoms, otherwise
               | they'd never consider releasing nonfree software.
               | Mattermost is in this category (and further demonstrates
               | their disdain for software freedoms by shipping
               | nonconsensual spyware in their foss stuff and closing PRs
               | that remove it).
               | 
               | It's really shady to position yourself as an open source
               | company and then release _any_ proprietary software.
        
               | duggan wrote:
               | Do you carry this philosophy through to your professional
               | life? As in, do you only work for companies that produce
               | open source software? If so it's an admirable stance, and
               | I hope you're successful.
               | 
               | I imagine it's tricky (or at least unstable) to earn ones
               | living working only for entirely open source companies,
               | but maybe there are more opportunities out there than I'd
               | realized.
        
               | dartos wrote:
               | I can't speak for everyone, but I'm at a point in my
               | career where I can be a bit more picky about the jobs I
               | take.
               | 
               | I'm currently looking for a new SWE position and I prefer
               | places that have active open source projects.
               | 
               | I'd take less pay to work at somewhere that maintains and
               | releases free software.
        
               | sneak wrote:
               | It's not strictly absolute (I still use and even
               | occasionally buy proprietary software) but yes, generally
               | speaking, I either only work for companies that release
               | free software, or strongly advocate for my clients to
               | build and release only free software. I've convinced (or
               | been part of the process that convinced) several projects
               | to release free software that otherwise would not,
               | including some famous ones that have been on the
               | frontpage of HN recently.
               | 
               | I am personally responsible for at least 3-4 startups
               | never making/releasing anything but open source stuff. I
               | advocate for the basic idea of software freedom in all
               | contexts.
               | 
               | Usually "business guys" try to interfere, but it's almost
               | always from the misguided idea that the code is somehow
               | valuable. People get this weird idea that their source is
               | worth money (it never is). Most companies are valuable
               | because of their ability to execute, not their code
               | (which is rarely reusable outside their org anyway, and
               | even if it is, not in their market).
               | 
               | Think about it: if your code were valuable, how is it
               | that a few people were able to make it from scratch in a
               | few months? It's obviously your _staff_ who are valuable,
               | not the code (which someone else could also make from
               | scratch for low cost if they needed to, just like you
               | did).
               | 
               | It's the same misguided emotion that makes people think
               | startup ideas are inherently valuable. It's the ability
               | to execute, not your so-called "intellectual property"
               | that is where the value is.
        
               | aatd86 wrote:
               | Are you free to work for me... For free? :-)
        
               | Zambyte wrote:
               | They clearly meant free as in press, not costless.
        
               | actionfromafar wrote:
               | To me AGPL is still very open, but it sure limits stuff.
               | Gotta be even more careful with it in an enterprise
               | setting than GPL. Can deploy it internally, but must be
               | _internally_ and it's a constant risk.
               | 
               | I haven't found a reason to deploy one yet. One use case
               | I have seen is to have some sort of commercial/AGPL
               | double distribution, perhaps with the AGPL release
               | lagging behind.
        
               | mcny wrote:
               | Sorry, so I must have misunderstood AGPL then? Assuming a
               | well written software, your configuration values can
               | still be secret, right? As long as you give all your
               | users the source code you got and the changes you made to
               | the code (not the configuration), you should be ok? It is
               | crazy to expect someone to ask for things like your
               | database password or your exact configuration like sync
               | intervals.
        
               | actionfromafar wrote:
               | No you are right. I just meant that if you deploy a GPL
               | service internally and the service somehow makes its way
               | outside the organization, you don't have to distribute
               | the source code or anything.
               | 
               | But with AGPL, you now have to. Ensuring compliance is
               | costlier.
        
               | mcny wrote:
               | Why is compliance costlier? There are companies that
               | don't comply with GPLv2 for months and there is no cost
               | as far as I can tell
               | 
               | previously on HN,
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31713525
        
               | actionfromafar wrote:
               | Compliance is costlier if you actually spend resources
               | trying to comply. What you are referring to is the cost
               | of non-compliance.
               | 
               | Maybe the joke swoshed by me. :)
        
               | reaperman wrote:
               | I'm confused how someone would generally consider the
               | AGPL to be non-free, but still perceive the GPL as a free
               | license.
               | 
               | In either case you don't have to pay for the software,
               | can modify it however you'd like, and run it wherever you
               | want. You just have to share the modified source code.
        
               | wongarsu wrote:
               | If anything, the AGPL is the modern incarnation of the
               | ideals of the GPL. If SaaS business had been a big thing
               | in 1989 I'm sure the original GPL would have contained
               | wording similar to the AGPL. It's just that back then
               | nobody though of people hosting software as a threat to
               | the free flow of software improvements.
        
               | dartos wrote:
               | This entirely
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | Not clear.
               | 
               | Stallman already carved out exceptions for "appliances"
               | that had computer chips, like microwaves. Stalllman
               | wanted is own _general purpose_ computer to be libre, not
               | freedom to control other people computers (Cloud).
        
               | reaperman wrote:
               | So, I think yours is a reasonable position. I hear it and
               | integrate it into my thinking.
               | 
               | I have two thoughts on what you bring up, the first is a
               | story I remember about Stallman being really frustrated
               | with firmware on a printer (not drivers on a "general
               | computing" device). I think reading this story[0] should
               | be reasonably self-explanatory and not require additional
               | exposition or warrant in this HN thread.
               | 
               | My other thought is that increasingly, our "general
               | computing" applications are moving to web apps / cloud
               | apps, and not stored on our devices. So while you may be
               | correct about RMS, and maybe he wouldn't have cared today
               | about the concerns AGPL addresses, I personally wonder
               | that he would, and think its at least reasonable for many
               | people to generalize his FSF philosophy to cover general
               | computing experiences that aren't hosted locally but are
               | still part of the primary computing interface that we use
               | to interact with our current general computing devices.
               | 
               | 0: https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/201cthe-printer-
               | story201...
        
               | p_l wrote:
               | Free software theoretically is against EULAs and about
               | empowerment of end users.
               | 
               | AGPL is an EULA that is additionally really badly
               | written, especially compared to clarity of GPLv2-only.
        
               | jacoblambda wrote:
               | The AGPL is the GPLv3 with only the addition/modification
               | of section 13. Outside of section 13, there are only 5
               | words changed in the rest of the terms of the license and
               | those 5 changes are the introduction of the word 'Affero'
               | between 'GNU' and 'General Public License'.
               | 
               | > 13. Remote Network Interaction; Use with the GNU
               | General Public License.
               | 
               | > Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, if
               | you modify the Program, your modified version must
               | prominently offer all users interacting with it remotely
               | through a computer network (if your version supports such
               | interaction) an opportunity to receive the Corresponding
               | Source of your version by providing access to the
               | Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge,
               | through some standard or customary means of facilitating
               | copying of software. This Corresponding Source shall
               | include the Corresponding Source for any work covered by
               | version 3 of the GNU General Public License that is
               | incorporated pursuant to the following paragraph.
               | 
               | > Notwithstanding any other provision of this License,
               | you have permission to link or combine any covered work
               | with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU General
               | Public License into a single combined work, and to convey
               | the resulting work. The terms of this License will
               | continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
               | but the work with which it is combined will remain
               | governed by version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
               | 
               | Section 13 only states that someone/something interacting
               | over a network is considered a user (and that you can
               | combine GPLv3 and AGPLv3 works). That is the only change
               | compared to GPLv3. It does not otherwise change what
               | rights the user has or what is considered a corresponding
               | source (i.e. what the licensed work contaminates). Those
               | are word for word identical between the GPLv3 and the
               | AGPLv3.
               | 
               | If you have an issue with what rights/restrictions the
               | AGPLv3 provides a user of the software, that issue is
               | with the GPLv3, not the AGPLv3.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I'm not sure why the downvotes.
               | 
               | Yes, the AGPL was essentially intended to plug the SaaS
               | (maybe it was still being called application service
               | providers at the time) loophole seen by some whereby
               | delivering a network service wasn't considered
               | distribution--and therefore didn't trigger copyleft
               | provisions--with the GPL (either v2 or v3).
               | 
               | A lot of work went into GPLv3 and a lot of legal niceties
               | were added as well as the watered-down TiVoization
               | language but really isn't a lot of practical difference
               | between GPLv2 and v3.
        
               | RobotToaster wrote:
               | > Some of us (myself included) even consider licenses
               | like the AGPL to be nonfree.
               | 
               | I was with you up until this point.
        
               | wongarsu wrote:
               | As a private person and startup founder the things I
               | value about open source from a practical perspective are
               | 
               | - being able to just read the source to figure out what's
               | going on
               | 
               | - being able to fix bugs
               | 
               | - being able to add features I need
               | 
               | - being able to upstream those changes so others can
               | profit and help maintain them
               | 
               | - being able to self-host the software
               | 
               | Open Source ticks all those boxes, whether it's on the
               | "laissez-faire" end of the spectrum (BSD) or the
               | "Stallman" side of the spectrum (AGPL). (though the more
               | "Stallman" a license is the fewer situations where I can
               | use it). But the BSL also ticks all those boxes. I get
               | it's not as ideologically pure, but it still meets most
               | of the ideals of the original open source/libre software
               | movements.
        
               | candiddevmike wrote:
               | BSL doesn't necessarily allow you to self host. Without
               | additional grants, it doesn't allow production usage
               | until the license converts.
        
               | wongarsu wrote:
               | If I make a paid twitter clone using a BSL-licensed
               | database under the hood, I'm allowed to self-host the
               | database for this purpose, in both production and dev
               | environments.
               | 
               | What the BSL prevents me from doing is offering paid
               | hosting for others, or offering a product that competes
               | with it (e.g. if postgres would be BSL, supabase couldn't
               | use postgres under the hood since the products kind of
               | compete with each other).
        
               | candiddevmike wrote:
               | You can't use BSL software in production without an
               | additional usage grant:
               | 
               | https://mariadb.com/bsl-faq-adopting/
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | In practice are there any BSL adopters that don't give a
               | usage grant for production use? All those I've
               | encountered only forbid stuff like hosting to compete
               | with the original software creator, not actually using it
               | in production.
        
               | sea-gold wrote:
               | It may not be common, but I did find these (fairly
               | popular projects) which don't appear to allow production
               | usage: https://github.com/fingerprintjs/fingerprintjs/blo
               | b/master/L...
               | https://github.com/exaloop/codon/blob/develop/LICENSE
               | 
               | Here are some others: https://github.com/search?q=%22Busi
               | ness+Source+License%22+%2...
        
               | wongarsu wrote:
               | You are right for the pure BSL. I was misremembering
               | because e.g. Hashicorp just give a blanket Additional Use
               | Grant for production use that doesn't compete with the
               | licensed product [1]. MariaDB is a lot less generous,
               | e.g. restricting you to less than three production
               | servers for MaxScale.
               | 
               | So the ability to self-host BSL code depends a lot on the
               | chosen Additional Use Grant. I don't mind Hashicorp's,
               | but the one publicly offered by MariaDB is pretty
               | restricting.
               | 
               | 1: https://www.hashicorp.com/bsl
        
               | gadders wrote:
               | I get your philosophical point point and I'm not enough
               | up on various licenses to debate the AGPL.
               | 
               | I'm coming more from a "build a company and feed your
               | family" point of view but everyone has to balance their
               | own priorities/ethical positions.
               | 
               | I guess at least if the license is set at the outset
               | people can choose to engage or not, rather than having
               | what they may percieve as a "rug pull".
        
               | jraph wrote:
               | > Some of us (myself included) even consider licenses
               | like the AGPL to be nonfree
               | 
               | Which definition of free do you use?
               | 
               | You may have valid criticism against AGPL but non-free
               | isn't one. It's free according to the free software
               | definitions and the open source definition. It's
               | recognized as free by the two organisms providing
               | relevant definition (OSI and GNU) and by all the relevant
               | actors, including Linux distributions and even big
               | proprietary companies (including GitHub).
               | 
               | I think you are misunderstanding the meaning of "for any
               | purpose". It only applies to what you do with it when you
               | _run_ it. It does not mean you can do anything you want
               | with the source code. It is very important to understand
               | this aspect correctly when developing software or for a
               | free software  / open source enthusiast.
        
               | jacoblambda wrote:
               | AGPL is absolutely free software as long as the GPL is
               | considered free software and should not be put into
               | comparison with licenses like the BSL.
               | 
               | The only real limitation on the AGPL compared to the GPL
               | is section 13 which states that you need to make the
               | sources for said AGPL program available to any user who
               | interacts with it. Otherwise the license is practically
               | identical. Otherwise the license is essentially identical
               | to the GPL.
               | 
               | If you diff the licenses, you'll see that other than
               | section 13 and s/GPL/AGPL/g, the actual license terms are
               | identical (if you diff sections 0-12, only the addition
               | of the word Affero to the first line of section 0 will
               | come up). The preamble and afterwords are different but
               | they aren't actually part of the license (only the
               | sections between the lines `TERMS AND CONDITIONS` and
               | `END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS`). As for the differences in
               | those sections, the preamble provides context for why the
               | license exists compared to the GPL and the afterwords
               | provide a recommendation as to how to provide source
               | access.
               | 
               | So in effect the AGPL is identical to the GPL with the
               | addition of requiring that you make sources available to
               | any user "interacting with it remotely over a computer
               | network". Contrary to popular belief this doesn't mean
               | you need to provide sources for everything that touches
               | it over a network, just that anybody/anything that
               | interacts with it over a network be granted access to the
               | AGPL source (and corresponding sources). The requirement
               | for what is considered part of corresponding sources is
               | exactly identical.
               | 
               | That requirement:
               | 
               | > The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code
               | form means all the source code needed to generate,
               | install, and (for an executable work) run the object code
               | and to modify the work, including scripts to control
               | those activities. However, it does not include the work's
               | System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally
               | available free programs which are used unmodified in
               | performing those activities but which are not part of the
               | work. For example, Corresponding Source includes
               | interface definition files associated with source files
               | for the work, and the source code for shared libraries
               | and dynamically linked subprograms that the work is
               | specifically designed to require, such as by intimate
               | data communication or control flow between those
               | subprograms and other parts of the work.
               | 
               | TLDR: The only practical change in the licenses for a
               | piece of hosted software is that under the GPL the user
               | is the server operator/host and under the AGPL the user
               | is the actual user/client. Whether a given piece of
               | software gets "contaminated" by a AGPL work is no
               | different than if said AGPL work was licensed under the
               | GPL instead.
        
               | patrickaljord wrote:
               | > Free software can be used for any purpose, including
               | competing with the original authors. If you can't do
               | whatever you want with the software, it's not free
               | software.
               | 
               | That's like saying a free society can only be free when
               | individuals are free to do anything they want including
               | harming/limiting freedoms of other individuals. Well, no,
               | most free society limits your freedom to harm other
               | people or bans you from limiting other people's freedom.
               | The AGPL prohibits you from limiting other people's
               | freedom.
        
             | RobotToaster wrote:
             | I honestly don't get why more people don't just use the
             | AGPL.
             | 
             | Mastodon et al prove it works.
        
               | Kalium wrote:
               | I would hesitate to characterize a service running on
               | grants and donations as a good model for your typical
               | startup to imitate.
        
               | forgotmypw17 wrote:
               | Why not? It is one of the most sustainable models if you
               | want to maintain quality and avoid enshittification.
        
               | Kalium wrote:
               | The VC-oriented financial model (that is, your typical
               | startup) is fundamentally incompatible with Mastodon's
               | non-profit financial model. As a result, very different
               | choices around licensing, funding, and business structure
               | are good fits.
               | 
               | Each tool has its use and serves its specific purpose.
               | What works for Mastodon might not work for others trying
               | to advance different goals.
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | The primary goal of a startup is to make money through
               | acquisition or IPO, and the primary goal of business more
               | generally is to make money selling a good or service.
               | Grants and donations don't really fit into that, and
               | isn't the topic of this whether or not to open source the
               | code of a commercial venture?
        
               | j1elo wrote:
               | Well, Mongo decided it doesn't really work. At least not
               | for them, anyway. This is one of the most notorious case
               | of relicensing from Open Source to source available
               | cases, so it might be interesting for you to look into
               | the reasons (it happened around 2018).
               | 
               | In the end, the AGPL is huge but not a silver bullet.
        
               | p_l wrote:
               | It's a legal mess that doesn't work if your application
               | isn't a website, and even then it's a problematic thing.
               | 
               | Honestly, for considerable portion of its use, it works
               | mainly because nobody looks too closely or trieso
               | actually enforce it.
               | 
               | The other considerable portion was/is bait&switch schemes
               | involving dual licensing and having developers sign
               | copyright transfer forms to parent org, which benefits
               | from selling commercial license when someone runs afoul
               | of compliance.
        
               | linuxftw wrote:
               | For my money, dual licensed AGPL is the way to go. All
               | source is available under the AGPL, but also available
               | via a paid commercial non-open source license.
               | 
               | The only real drawback is ensuring any outside
               | contributions can be utilized this way, such as with a
               | CLA.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | That's the thing. You can dual license however you want.
               | But if no one from the outside actually contributes what
               | have you accomplished really? (Other than being able to
               | say you're open source.) Of course, a great many open
               | source projects in general are one person or one
               | organization.
        
               | nsagent wrote:
               | That's what I ended up doing recently [1]. I'm doubtful I
               | would even know if someone did end up breaking the
               | license agreement though.
               | 
               | [1]: https://pl.aiwright.dev/about/license/
        
             | EvanAnderson wrote:
             | > People seem to get really salty when companies change
             | their license further down the line to prevent this.
             | 
             | I think a lot of people get salty when a company changes
             | their license to a source available license but still try
             | to call it open source and free ride on the goodwill that
             | open source software engenders.
             | 
             | Don't call a license open source if it isn't and reasonable
             | people will be fine with it.
        
               | gadders wrote:
               | I did say pick a license from the start. I'm not
               | criticising people for having different philosophical
               | positions on licensing.
        
               | EvanAnderson wrote:
               | I was addressing the point about the "saltiness" when
               | licenses change. I wholeheartedly agree that making a
               | thoughtful choice the company can live with from the
               | start is the best policy.
        
           | jackbravo wrote:
           | I agree that when a big cloud company tries to emulate you,
           | you are already winning on a normal company. But maybe not
           | for a venture-backed/big-exit-strategy startup. And probably,
           | those early investors are the ones recommending against fully
           | open-source business models.
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | And the main one:
         | 
         | It's really hard to make any money by giving your product away
         | for free...
        
           | addandsubtract wrote:
           | If you open source your product, your business product
           | becomes hosting / maintenance / consultancy.
        
             | grotorea wrote:
             | Yes that's what you sell but if you also have development
             | costs and your freeriding competitor doesn't, how often do
             | the finances of it work out?
        
               | jraph wrote:
               | It may be difficult to freeride, you still need to know
               | in depth how the product exactly works if you want to
               | provide consultancy and support.
               | 
               | Freeriding would break on the first tricky support ticket
               | or the first feature you'd need in the product that isn't
               | there yet. You get to know the product well enough if you
               | start contributing and interacting with the main
               | contributors, at which point you stop freeriding and you
               | become a partner instead.
               | 
               | The other way to do this would be to get an agreement
               | from the main developers so you can be supported on your
               | consulting and support activities, in which case you also
               | become a partner.
               | 
               | I tend to think both outcomes as beneficial to the main
               | devs, who can always stop collaborating if it turns out
               | they are not.
               | 
               | Now, if your product is something for which nobody needs
               | support or consultancy, you risk having the MongoDB-
               | Amazon issue.
        
               | bashauma wrote:
               | > Now, if your product is something for which nobody
               | needs support or consultancy, you risk having the
               | MongoDB-Amazon issue.
               | 
               | ...So, that is the problem isn't it?
               | 
               | Basically, well-written software and documentation are
               | meant to reduce the amount of support and consulting
               | needed by users. Assuming your point is true, then for a
               | company that sells support and consultants, enriching
               | documentation, etc. would be an action in direct conflict
               | with its own interests, wouldn't it?
               | 
               | The MongoDB people are very passionate and have built a
               | great software, documentation and user community... to
               | the point where they no longer need to sell their own
               | support. Therefore, it is my understanding that Amazon
               | has decided to use their "support".
               | 
               | (If you're saying that it doesn't matter to the users if
               | the company lives or dies when there is already
               | functioning software and community, that may be true)
        
               | jraph wrote:
               | > ...So, that is the problem isn't it?
               | 
               | Yep, it is a risk, but it's also not applicable in every
               | case. Now, I'm not an expert and I'm not sure what are
               | the exact boxes to check to avoid the issue but we for
               | sure don't have it. It is definitely something to
               | carefully consider when creating an open source business.
               | I guess Amazon wants to provide nice developer tools and
               | improve its cloud offer to attract people to its cloud
               | solutions, but our product is not for such developers.
               | Amazon is not interested in providing support and
               | consultancy for XWiki (we know this for a fact since they
               | use XWiki and sponsored important features). It does not
               | scale that well, unlike providing MongoDB.
               | 
               | > would be an action in direct conflict with its own
               | interests, wouldn't it?
               | 
               | One could think this, but it's not actually the case. I
               | guess we already have enough support work that's not
               | related to a lack of documentation such that we don't
               | need to increase it artificially. We are actually
               | incentivized to reduce our support work. Companies will
               | usually need to be reassured by a support contract in any
               | case.
               | 
               | We are big users of the documentation ourselves and we
               | have every incentive to write good documentation because
               | of this. Lack of documentation actually increases our
               | cost of operation, because all of a sudden, if you need
               | to know something, you need to find out the relevant
               | developers, who might have left (but probably not because
               | people usually stay), and wait for their reply, or wait
               | for someone to look into the relevant code.
               | 
               | There's also no policy of keeping any documentation
               | secret. On the contrary, we are encouraged to publicly
               | document what we do. So when we document, we do it
               | publicly, except for internal processes.
               | 
               | Our documentation is far from perfect, but it's because
               | of a lack of time or diligence, not because we are
               | incentivized to keep documentation secret.
               | 
               | What's more:
               | 
               | - a good documentation is a good look for someone who
               | seeks to adopt our product
               | 
               | - the same values that push us to do it the open source
               | way pushes us to also publicly document things.
               | 
               | - when documentation is lacking or help is needed, you
               | can always reach us on our public chat and our public
               | forum, and the product team is in reality usually quite
               | responsive. And so if the documentation is good, there
               | are fewer questions to answer. Of course, there are
               | limits, questions that look like support questions will
               | be invited to talk to our support team. Unless someone
               | else in the community does answer the questions for free.
        
             | YetAnotherNick wrote:
             | Has it ever worked, i.e. Is there any company which could
             | pay market rate salary without any extra funding or being
             | subsidized by other parts of company? Docker, terraform,
             | elasticsearch, many DBs etc tried it but it never generated
             | good revenue to pay developers outside of VC funding. See
             | their revenue after they begin removing free stuff[1].
             | 
             | Even supabase is an awesome product but they needed $116M
             | of external funding[2] to support their development which
             | looks like unsustainable model for open source.
             | 
             | [1]: https://prismic-
             | io.s3.amazonaws.com/sacra/fc6f34f9-d598-4b53...
             | 
             | [2]: https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/supabase
        
               | jraph wrote:
               | Yes, I work for XWiki [1] which works exactly like this.
               | It's been running since 2005. Don't expect FAANG
               | salaries, the company is small and doesn't have
               | investors, but the salaries are decent and the working
               | conditions are great.
               | 
               | To my knowledge we don't have any competitor that takes
               | XWiki and provides support and/or consultancy. I don't
               | think it would be possible to freeride on our product
               | because it would require expertise they would only have
               | if they contributed to the project and it also requires
               | brand recognition. We are of course the reference, people
               | trust us because _we_ are the main developers.
               | 
               | Many features have also been sponsored by customers so we
               | do receive money to develop big parts of the product
               | itself.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.xwiki.com/
        
               | YetAnotherNick wrote:
               | Looking at the pricing page[1], it looks like open source
               | is missing many features like LDAP and extensions. Is
               | that correct?
               | 
               | [1]: https://xwiki.com/en/pricing/
        
               | jraph wrote:
               | Everything we do is open source, including the LDAP
               | feature ("custom" consultancy aside, where the highly
               | specific parts are often not public). Most extensions are
               | free, some are paid (including the convenient LDAP app),
               | but all are open source, including the paid ones. XWiki
               | is not open core.
               | 
               | In particular, the core code for dealing with LDAP is
               | there [1], open source and gratis, and the paid app that
               | provides a nice UI for it is... paid but also open source
               | under LGPL and the code is here: [2].
               | 
               | You can actually clone the code, strip the license
               | management, compile it and install it on your own
               | instance, but people usually just pay and they also get
               | support.
               | 
               | It's pretty much like OSMAnd Plus, which is paid on the
               | Google Store, but the actual source code is still free
               | software.
               | 
               | So yes, we actually _sell_ free software (and free [?]
               | gratis has its full meaning with us), and it turns out
               | convenience makes it so that it works out.
               | 
               | Usually organizations big enough to want to use LDAP can
               | usually fork off a few bucks and will be glad to support
               | us.
               | 
               | Of course it would be nicer if it were free and it's
               | always a delicate balance to decide what should be a paid
               | app / feature, but at least it's always open source ,
               | with all the relevant rights to users it implies: the
               | right to take the code, adapt it and/or go find someone
               | else if they are not happy with us.
               | 
               | As someone convinced that free software is the right way
               | to do software, I think this is a sane way to fund free
               | software, and good to take.
               | 
               | It's also way easier to handle than donation for an
               | organization that would like to send us money, it's easy
               | to justify.
               | 
               | [1] https://github.com/xwiki-contrib/ldap/
               | 
               | [2] https://github.com/xwikisas/application-
               | activedirectory/
        
               | conradfr wrote:
               | Ionic seems to be doing OK.
        
               | YetAnotherNick wrote:
               | Ionic has raised $25M from external funding.[1]
               | 
               | [1]: https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/ionic/compan
               | y_financ...
        
           | awalias wrote:
           | >It's really hard to make any money
           | 
           | Open sourcing your code doesn't necessarily mean that you're
           | giving your product away for free.
           | 
           | The value in a lot of businesses (most?) is in the
           | distribution and my core argument in the post is that being
           | open source actually gives you an edge here, _especially_ in
           | markets where your competitors are unwilling to take this
           | approach.
        
             | nprateem wrote:
             | Business value only matters if you can capture it.
        
               | awalias wrote:
               | Probably poor word choice from me but when I reference
               | superior distribution I'm assuming 'value-capture'.
        
               | nprateem wrote:
               | I thought you were saying you'd have greater distribution
               | if you give stuff away free, but in that case it's much
               | more difficult to capture value from it. Everyone wants
               | free stuff.
        
         | kkielhofner wrote:
         | > - People might criticize my messy/bad/unfinished code
         | 
         | As someone who has created and maintained open source projects
         | (most recently Willow[0]) for two decades I get a kick out of
         | this.
         | 
         | Of course when interacting with users and feedback I keep it
         | polite but in my head I'm thinking "You like to talk. I
         | actually DID this. Shut up or submit a PR".
         | 
         | Surprise surprise they almost never do.
         | 
         | Keep actually producing and shake the haters off!
         | 
         | [0] - https://heywillow.io/
        
           | jasonmarks_ wrote:
           | What is the financial backing that affords you the ability to
           | offer your product for free? Everyone still has bills to pay
           | AFAIK
        
             | kkielhofner wrote:
             | Two prior successful startup exits.
             | 
             | I also do consulting and advisory work in adjacent spaces
             | so this is pretty much my lifelong dream - spend my other
             | time just doing open source projects I think are
             | interesting.
        
         | tristan957 wrote:
         | You could just pick a better license like the GPL or AGPL.
         | Cloud companies eating other open-source products up is purely
         | the inability of those products to choose licenses that
         | actually protect their work.
        
       | hobofan wrote:
       | > If after 6 years, Google tries to steal your lunch, you should
       | have a brand, a team, and a community, that have spent the last
       | few years preparing for a David versus Goliath-type fight.
       | 
       | From my experience, for procurement people all of that (brand,
       | community, team, DX) will matter close to 0 in comparison to
       | compliance, etc, if you are going head-to-head with an existing
       | supplier like Google.
        
         | awalias wrote:
         | Great point! I should probably add that to the article. In our
         | case (Supabase) we have indeed spent the last few years working
         | on compliance (SOC2, HIPAA, GDPR etc.) in order to meet these
         | requirements so your comment here is on point.
        
       | brap wrote:
       | The list of main complaints against OSS they present here is
       | (conveniently?) missing the biggest one, in my opinion:
       | 
       | Your users can just host their own version instead of paying you.
       | 
       | It seems like many OSS companies mitigate this by leaving out
       | features from the OSS version or making the deployment more
       | difficult than it should be. I'm not complaining, I think it's
       | fair, but this is the reality.
       | 
       | It's funny how they don't address this one, but instead they list
       | "oh no my code isn't pretty" as a valid complaint against going
       | OSS. Who cares.
        
         | imiric wrote:
         | This depends on the product. Sometimes self-hosting is not just
         | a matter of starting some Docker containers, but takes work and
         | resources to scale and maintain properly. It might not even be
         | a matter of the OSS version lacking features, but about the
         | nature of the product itself.
         | 
         | For example, you can self-host WordPress if you want, and it's
         | a perfectly capable product. But if you want to outsource the
         | complexities around it, scale it easily, properly secure it,
         | etc., it's worth considering using wordpress.com instead.
        
           | tonyedgecombe wrote:
           | Isn't that a reflection of how bad WordPress is? That they
           | haven't prioritised security and ease of use in the
           | development of the product.
           | 
           | This model definitely leads to some perverse incentives.
        
             | imiric wrote:
             | No, there are maintenance issues with hosting WordPress
             | that go beyond just the product. You need a domain and TLS
             | cert, storage, bandwidth, a curated list of plugins, and an
             | easy way to scale it all. None of this is core to WordPress
             | itself. I'm not a WP user, but see all the features on
             | https://wordpress.com/features/.
             | 
             | Grafana and its ecosystem of apps are another example.
             | Sure, you technically could host and maintain it yourself,
             | but Grafana Cloud streamlines all of that, which is worth
             | paying for. This doesn't mean that Grafana products are
             | intentionally limited, but that the commercial product
             | offers value added features some users are willing to pay
             | for.
             | 
             | The fact that some companies take advantage of this model
             | doesn't mean that the model itself doesn't work. They're
             | just not good companies to begin with, and don't understand
             | open source.
        
             | hellcow wrote:
             | The optimal architecture for a 1-user self-hosted project
             | is very different than something built to serve 100k
             | people, which is very different from a company serving 10M,
             | and again for 5B.
             | 
             | Do you shard and partition the DB? Do you introduce a
             | message bus? Do you add a caching layer? What about k8s and
             | Terraform and Helm vs simply creating a single VM?
             | 
             | These are all very different levels of complexity to
             | standup and manage. Some require entire teams to manage
             | them.
             | 
             | Regardless of intentions, there's no "one-size-fits-all"
             | solution to architecture and infrastructure decisions.
        
         | awalias wrote:
         | Maybe I should have addressed this one more directly in the
         | post.
         | 
         | >Your users can just host their own version instead of paying
         | you.
         | 
         | The main value in Supabase (the hosted service) is we do the
         | hosting, maintenance, monitoring, compliance, security etc.
         | which otherwise requires (expensive) in-house expertise.
         | 
         | This should be enough without needing to resort to deliberately
         | leaving out features, and I think this generalizes to other
         | products as well (sentry, plausible, the-open-source-strava-
         | alternative, etc.)
        
       | water9 wrote:
       | No unless you like, giving away the goose that lays the golden
       | egg. How successful would Coca-Cola be today if they open sourced
       | their company?
        
         | sneak wrote:
         | The recipe for Coca-Cola is publicly available and is not
         | legally protected or exclusive in any way. Many people make
         | extremely similar cola beverages. Their business value is in
         | brand and marketing, not any exclusive method of producing the
         | product.
         | 
         | You have inadvertently chosen a perfect example of why free
         | software is better than proprietary software.
        
       | sylware wrote:
       | open source is not enough anymore... humanity needs "lean open
       | source"... and stable in time.
        
       | throwaway63467 wrote:
       | I mean Supabase was initially a glue layer on top of existing
       | open-source tools, not sure if they could've kept it closed
       | source even if they wanted (though I guess most of the licenses
       | of the stuff they used would allow it).
        
         | awalias wrote:
         | This is true! Supabase db after all is "just" Postgres. In fact
         | it's one of our product principles to adopt existing open
         | source projects before writing our own.
         | 
         | You're also correct on the second bit, everything in the stack
         | is MIT, apache2, postgres licensed so it would have been ok to
         | run a closed fork if we'd have been that way inclined.
        
       | jWhick wrote:
       | The author is clearly a utopist, advertising and trying to
       | promote his own oss views. However, while oss has its growing
       | niche it's clear that it isn't for everyone. The thing to ask
       | yourself before going oss path is what are you gaining by going
       | oss and what are you trading for that gain. For supabase it's
       | clearly beneficial to be oss, they are a niche database, and by
       | going oss they can benefit a lot from integrations, not to
       | mention they are basically ripping off the evil firebase. So by
       | going oss they are perceived as heroes. On top of that who would
       | use another closed firebase that isn't from google? They can't
       | compete on pricing, nor the scale. I think supabase were even
       | advertised as open source firbase at some point.
       | 
       | However if you are not ripping off some popular commercial tool
       | and making it open source, and making open source as your main
       | differentiator, in that case there is very little to gain by
       | going oss. You might as well get most of authors advertised "oss
       | benefits" by just having great developer experience and docs,
       | while giving very little in return.
        
       | satvikpendem wrote:
       | Open sourcing your company doesn't make sense, in my view, unless
       | you're targeting developers or you're building a product that no
       | one would realistically self host anyway, with Supabase being a
       | prime example of both. For just the latter, Plausible Analytics
       | is one, where one _could_ self host (I in fact do, via
       | Coolify.io) but you 'd lose out on updates unless you build your
       | own CI/CD system to pull and merge updates from their releases.
        
       | gdcbe wrote:
       | I understand you can give 1000's of reasons why it's fine. But
       | it's still IMHO a sad reality that a giant cooperation cannot
       | play it fair by being a corporate sponsor of the open source
       | projects that they more or less wish to directly use as a
       | service...
       | 
       | I get that legally this is fine but ... Common... adapting FOSS
       | for your own use cases in your basement or little company is
       | still very different then a giant cooperation outcompeting you
       | before you ever had a change...
       | 
       | There might be room for a license to make FOSS software more like
       | BSL if used by a company above a certain revenue threshold or
       | w/e... Perhaps legally that's impossible, otherwise I have no
       | idea why such a template does not exist yet.
        
       | snowstormsun wrote:
       | I think many companies probably don't like to be open source
       | because
       | 
       | - they like the idea of "security through obscurity". Open source
       | means more work patching found vulnerabilities, so they rather
       | not publish their code and instead tick check-lists for
       | compliance and do blackbox pentests which makes them look secure.
       | 
       | - like to do marketing that exaggerates the innovation of their
       | product. That's difficult to do if everyone can see the code.
        
       | nevodavid wrote:
       | If you are interested in learning about open-source marketing,
       | check: https://gitroom.com/blog
        
       | jimjag wrote:
       | Open Source is not a business model.
       | 
       | Open Source is a licensing and development model.
        
         | tonyedgecombe wrote:
         | >Open Source is a licensing and development model.
         | 
         | With traits of a religion.
        
           | dboreham wrote:
           | All of software development has those traits. Arguably
           | everything humans do is like that.
        
       | gumby wrote:
       | In this case the ends drive the means. "Should I open source my
       | company" is a decision like "should we write our code in C++?"
       | 
       | Without starting a flame war there are good and bad reasons to
       | choose an implementation language and they should be driven by
       | your business needs, whatever they are.
       | 
       | The same is true for how you plan to license your code and what
       | business model you build around it.
        
       | martypitt wrote:
       | I love Supabase, commercial open source in general, and agree
       | with lots of this post.
       | 
       | However this comment feels off:
       | 
       | > In software ideas are cheap. Value is almost always created in
       | execution of ideas.
       | 
       | I've heard this phrase around things like "I have this cool idea
       | for a startup - will you sign my NDA before I tell you about it?"
       | 
       | However, when you're open sourcing your software, you're not just
       | providing an idea, but a significant portion of execution of that
       | idea too.
       | 
       | Sure, code isn't the full execution - that expands to sales /
       | marketing / support / etc.
       | 
       | However, the article is a little glib towards the value of the
       | code, suggesting it's worthless without sales / marketing /etc. I
       | don't think that's true.
        
         | codegeek wrote:
         | "suggesting it's worthless without sales / marketing /etc. I
         | don't think that's true."
         | 
         | Code is not worthless but it almost is without
         | sales/marketing/talking to customers. If I could split the
         | value, it would be 90% sales/marketing/customer validation and
         | 10% code. I run a low 7 figure bootstrapped SAAS (not open
         | source) and I can tell you that code is mostly shit anyway and
         | keeps evolving.
        
         | Towaway69 wrote:
         | I think code is worthless once it has been created. This is
         | because the cost of copying is zero. You can't copy a house for
         | zero but software yes.
         | 
         | The process of creating the code and solving all those little
         | unseen problems is for what developers are paid.
         | 
         | Hence selling software is so profitable. If you don't sell
         | software, you won't make money with it. Software is not like a
         | physical object in a our shared reality.
        
       | amadeuspagel wrote:
       | > Once your project reaches significant scale, you might find
       | yourself in a situation like Elastic, or Mongo, where large cloud
       | providers are offering your product with a superior distribution
       | model.
       | 
       | > Secondly, and more constructively, you should prepare for this
       | eventuality by finding areas where you can outcompete anyone.
       | Most cloud providers are notoriously bad at Developer Experience
       | for example, so take advantage of that and make DX one of your
       | core competencies. If after 6 years, Google tries to steal your
       | lunch, you should have a brand, a team, and a community, that
       | have spent the last few years preparing for a David versus
       | Goliath-type fight. Make sure you're not blindsided by something
       | like this by planning for it from the beginning. You have enough
       | time and focus on your side to construct a winning strategy.
       | 
       | Consider Google Firebase, which runs on Google Cloud and can
       | access services from Google Cloud[1], but has a separate
       | frontend, focused on DX rather then features, and imagine Amazon
       | Supabase.
       | 
       | [1]: https://firebase.google.com/firebase-and-gcp
        
       | lmeyerov wrote:
       | There is some tricky big assumption being made here around
       | sustainable profitability that misses our lived reality,
       | especially given challenges like US developer salaries.
       | Paraphrasing, OSS companies need lightning to hit twice, first
       | for the OSS and then again for the company.
       | 
       | In our case, the Graphistry team loves and breathes OSS every
       | day. We helped start what became the massively popular Apache
       | Arrow and Nvidia RAPIDS projects, release our Python & JS clients
       | as OSS, and PyGraphistry[AI] is a graph Swiss army knife,
       | including tools like GFQL the only embeddable & dataframe-native
       | & GPU-accelerated implementation of the Cypher graph query
       | language..
       | 
       | ... But we sustainably grow primarily by selling cloud/on-prem
       | self-hosting licenses to enterprises, govs, and data companies to
       | our GPU graph viz server. Thankfully, after years of grinding,
       | that business is growing well. As a natural experiment, our
       | alternate SaaS hosting revenue does support a tiny team... but
       | not the majority of our team. Most of our innovation cycles would
       | disappear without our self-hosting license revenue.
       | 
       | There's some cross of winning lottery ticket, SaaS market
       | profile, and technical defensibility getting missed in the
       | article that I can't put my finger on. Our launches of Louie.AI +
       | GFQL are changing the OSS viability story in our particular case
       | (I'd love to chat w successful founders here!), so I'm not saying
       | it can't work, but our experience to get to this point makes me
       | worried for new founders reading the article.
        
         | dcow wrote:
         | Are the companies that buy your on prem solution buying the
         | source code or the support? In other words if you said to them
         | "hey the source is open now" would they say "oh cool we'll be
         | canceling our contract"?
        
           | lmeyerov wrote:
           | Fair question! A good chunk would cancel, and at a minimum,
           | switching to free sw / paid support would drop our product-
           | related revenue by ~70-80%.
           | 
           | Then again, we could make the software worse to trigger
           | higher support hours, as complained by others in the thread
           | about some OSS companies. Or really lean into it, going to
           | full-blown consulting. However, switching to a consulting
           | business has all sorts of negative externalities that can
           | easily destroy the strengths and joys of a product culture.
           | We actually _do_ provide a growing side of professional
           | services and roadmap acceleration for Graphistry  & louie.ai
           | (graph viz, graph AI, genAI, for data-intensive operational /
           | investigative scenarios). By having our product licensing
           | revenue the majority, we get to make sure there is stronger
           | positive mutual alignment between us and our users, and our
           | software and their long-term mission.
           | 
           | As another natural experiment, I was interviewing someone
           | from a company in the same space a few days ago that doesn't
           | have this discipline. While our company is younger, our tech
           | roadmap has been literally years ahead every year, and the
           | software they deliver has no real upgrade path.. alignment
           | helps when you care about your craft and customers. (And for
           | HN'ers, it's a 5X+ on valuation multiple.)
        
             | dcow wrote:
             | If you said "our source is now available under the AGPL, if
             | you'd like to keep using the software without reverse
             | licensing modifications and your patents you'll need to
             | remain on your current plan", how many would walk? Or
             | similar, "our software is open source but still requires a
             | license for commercial use" would 70-80% give you the
             | middle finger and say okay sue us then? Just curious if
             | there is a dual licensing strategy that could work for you.
             | 
             | I mean think about it, the companies you've sold the
             | software to have now seen your sources. If they could take
             | the code and do it better themselves and it was just a
             | question of "knowing the secret sauce" then wouldn't 70-80%
             | of them have done so (if your claim is accurate). There's
             | something else happening here. They're paying for your team
             | to maintain the software and provide continual updates.
             | Getting the source code is most likely an implementation
             | detail to the purchaser. Open source doesn't mean free as
             | in free beer. It's a myth that you can't charge a company
             | for an open source product.
        
               | auggierose wrote:
               | I think you got a pretty clear answer to that already in
               | the parent answer. Of course, you could keep insisting
               | that open source should work for them.
        
             | ensignavenger wrote:
             | A deeper question would be to examine if your product
             | mindshare would grow significantly if your product were
             | open source, and if this growth would lead to a combination
             | kf the following that would overcome the loss is
             | subscribers: 1) Contributions from the community (bug
             | reports, code, promotion, documentation, and feedback are
             | all valuable contributions, but they take work to leverage,
             | and some companies choose not to put in the work). 2) More
             | users means more potential subscribers to the cloud and
             | support licenses. (What percent of these new users would
             | convert to paid support licenses or cloud hosting
             | customers?). 3) Other new ways to garner financial support
             | from the community? (Patronage, paid feature development,
             | ???).
        
               | lmeyerov wrote:
               | I agree with those perspectives, they're questions we
               | talk about and analyze:
               | 
               | - We do in fact operate multiple OSS repos. Despite their
               | usage, most, as with most OSS in general, do not get
               | significant code-based contributions. Our proprietary
               | repos are even more complicated (e.g., distributed GPU
               | code, webgl shaders, and "boring" enterprise bits), where
               | we'd expect even less involvement. Instead, they see
               | other values from the OSS community like easier bug
               | reporting and, as you say, easier for folks to see if the
               | tool is for them. Writeups like Supabases misses this
               | nuance in practice, focusing just on the rarer lottery
               | ticket scenario. (Which is natural to come from a
               | marketing / devrel person that got hired after-the-fact:
               | selection bias in action.)
               | 
               | - Our customers do pay for feature development even
               | without the OSS
               | 
               | Most of all, as you say, maybe marketshare can grow! But
               | in my original point, now that's counting on lightning to
               | strike twice, once for OSS and then again for the
               | company. That's a very big decision when many people's
               | lives -- and their families -- are making bets here.
               | We're actually reexamining the economics of this question
               | now that much more is known and we have more stability.
               | Much trickier than the blogpost makes out!
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | Thoughtful post, thanks. However, this tripped me up: "our GPU
         | graph viz server" -- I couldn't understand how you a) scale
         | graphviz[1] on a GPU and b) make money hosting graphviz. Quick
         | read of your web site cleared that up :)
         | 
         | [1] https://graphviz.org/
        
       | wiradikusuma wrote:
       | Are there many success stories for open source targeted at end-
       | users? E.g. imagine if Photoshop is open source, would Adobe be
       | financially successful?
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | No?
        
       | dudeinjapan wrote:
       | Pro tip: Name your company "Open___" then don't open source it.
        
       | didgetmaster wrote:
       | I feel like the third point (competitors) is a major concern that
       | was just brushed aside. The 'just out-innovate them' approach
       | might work if your startup is well funded with a very capable and
       | nimble development team. But what if you are a fledgling startup
       | with very limited resources. You have a very small team that
       | struggles to do a fraction of the features on your 'TO DO' list.
       | You don't have millions of VC dollars that enables your team to
       | keep the wolves at bay.
       | 
       | It wouldn't even take a tech giant like FAANG to outdo your
       | project after forking your source. A medium-sized company could
       | throw a dozen programmers on the project and their fork would
       | surge ahead of the original with respect to features, support,
       | and distribution. They could out-market you as well.
        
         | cuu508 wrote:
         | It would be interesting to see examples where this scenario
         | played out.
        
       | lamontcg wrote:
       | Probably not. Release your code publicly so people can read and
       | contribute. Require paid licenses for commercial use over X
       | numbers of seats where X is pretty generous and keep it free at
       | the lowest tier. Those are hard things to claw back later without
       | people completely losing their shit. Then the really hard part is
       | to instill a culture inside your business that they paying
       | customers are funding all the development and don't just obsess
       | about the enterprise use case at the expense of all else. Keep
       | showing the free tier people that you're listening to them. And
       | that's what you'll fail at.
        
       | throwawaaarrgh wrote:
       | Does it provide more value for your business than it distracts
       | from your business? That's a difficult calculation. Personally, I
       | love open source, but I wouldn't open source a business unless I
       | needed to.
        
       | dcow wrote:
       | On the topic of open sourcing your core business, founders often
       | worry that a competitor is going to take their source code, fork
       | it, and directly compete with them. But, is there an actual
       | example of this happening for real and the fork winning out and
       | killing the incumbent in the market? I mean there's a fork of
       | Signal that doesn't require a phone number (which is Signal's
       | heinous transgression if you poll HN) and we're all still using
       | Signal. And all you have to do to prevent bigcorp taking your
       | stuff is slap the [A]GPL on it for "free users" (while still
       | allowing others to purchase the source code under a more
       | permissive license should they require it).
        
       | chandmkhn wrote:
       | `And not one of them were ever required to solve a LeetCode
       | problem over Zoom.`
       | 
       | I can see some motivated developers benefit from this. But now
       | those devs are working on someone's "open sourced" company for
       | free thus growing someone's company in exchange for employability
       | elsewhere. I can't shake of the feeling of borderline
       | exploitation when I see the phrases 'my company" and "open
       | source" next to each other.
        
       | seanwilson wrote:
       | What about for desktop apps? Are there good examples of this?
       | Unless you can offer some cloud/online/support service to go with
       | it, there'd be no reason for most to pay?
        
       | dboreham wrote:
       | OSS is a thing you _buy_ , not a thing you sell.
        
       | freeopinion wrote:
       | I think the question is meant to mean "Should my company open the
       | source of its software?"
       | 
       | But for me, answering the question as asked provides the path to
       | answering the question as reworded. To me, the question as asked
       | is about the nature of the software the company uses, not sells.
       | 
       | I personally will always choose an open source product over the
       | alternative, even if I happily pay for support or just donate to
       | support the project. Unfettered access to the source is
       | fundamental to me, even for software I never intend to alter.
       | 
       | I know this seems to many like an extremist position. But I don't
       | like the idea that I am not allowed to tear down my microwave or
       | doorknob or transmission. I might never be able to put them back
       | together in working order. Or I might be able to find a gear with
       | a missing tooth and execute a $2 repair instead of a $90
       | replacement. Or I might invent a new frakenstein microwave with a
       | tranmission.
       | 
       | Extending the featureset of a web server or understanding why my
       | plugin is crashing the host app, etc. are important to me. I
       | think they are important to society. So I hold on to my open
       | source extremism. If you show me the hottest new tiny web server
       | that can do HTTPS/4 with built-in AI in just 5Kb, I will be
       | intrigued, but if it isn't open source, I'll stick with my
       | current stack.
       | 
       | With this mindset, the software I produce is open source. And
       | sometimes people pay me for it.
        
       | lgkk wrote:
       | Really like the pointer to the well known security. First time I
       | actually saw anyone mention it on something popular.
        
       | astro- wrote:
       | I'd say that open-source works best for companies when they don't
       | open the main thing. Meta building React in the open is a good
       | example. The community gets a well-maintained library. Meta gets
       | free testing, code contributions and potential hiring pipeline.
       | When trying to compete with Meta, React gives you virtually no
       | advantage. There's no incentive to leave important features out
       | of the public codebase. Both Meta and the community benefit.
       | 
       | Would it make sense for Meta to open the codebase for
       | facebook.com? Aside from studying/scrutinising the code, the only
       | other thing you'd be able to do with it is to change the logo and
       | try to compete with Facebook.
       | 
       | In this example, it's still probably not enough to disrupt them
       | thanks to the social graph and infrastructure complexity. But you
       | could imagine moments where even Meta gets nervous when anyone
       | can start competing with feature parity from day one.
       | 
       | Over the long-term, it's more likely that Meta would want to keep
       | some features private. It's also less likely that they would get
       | lots of quality contributions back. If you're running a fb.com
       | clone in production, you're likely trying to compete with them on
       | some level. This leads to a weird relationship with the community
       | and limited value for both sides.
        
       | thomastjeffery wrote:
       | I think the distinguishing question is, "Is the company's
       | software a _tool_ used to fulfill the company 's goals, or is the
       | software _itself_ the goal of the company? "
       | 
       | If your answer is the latter, then you have more problems in
       | store than open-source viability. You aren't genuinely
       | testing/dogfooding your product. Your product goals will trend
       | away from real customer value and toward implementation
       | convenience, self-compatibility, 3rd-party incompatibility, and a
       | closed-minded product vision. The only way to keep this business
       | model viable is to monopolize your market. But will it be _you_
       | monopolizing, or will it be FAANG?
        
       | glitchc wrote:
       | Well, Microsoft invented the "sale of proprietary software as a
       | license to end-users" model. Red Hat, on the other hand, offers
       | value-added services on top of open-source software. It's easy to
       | compare their relative market valuations.
        
       | jdwyah wrote:
       | Just kicked off a project to explore open-sourcing what we've
       | built (VC funded). I'm considering a different tack which I think
       | may be interesting.
       | 
       | We have a lot of client libraries, already open sourced. Then we
       | have the hosted APIs and DB which are not open. Making all the
       | close-source stuff open, feels like a big effort, with an unclear
       | reward and more likely that we just end up with a hard to install
       | OS project, since it feels like the hosting expertise _is_ part
       | of the core value prop.
       | 
       | What I'm excited about though is whether we could take the hosted
       | piece out of the equation and find something that is pretty
       | different, but has its own niche. For us this would be replacing
       | the web UI and DB hosting of the paid product, with a CLI and
       | simpler git based hosting for an open source version.
       | 
       | ie If you want hosted feature flags, we think you should use the
       | hosted thing, but if you want gitops style feature flags (100%
       | reliable), then use the OS version.
       | 
       | I like the idea that we could really focus on making the open
       | version great in its niche, but have a super clear line about
       | what is paid / hosted, to help us avoid the complexity of always
       | needing to decide how to nerf the OS version.
        
       | brylie wrote:
       | We are building some educational video games and considering
       | starting a company to help sustain the effort. If possible, it
       | would be great to publish the source code and game assets as
       | free/open software and free cultural works. However, I'm not sure
       | about a business model to fund continuous research and
       | development. Is anyone here working on or aware of any open
       | source game studios with sustainable funding/revenue? Any other
       | advice or consideration about licensing and business models?
       | Thanks in advance :-)
        
       | fuddle wrote:
       | I'm not sure if an MIT license is sustainable long term. I see
       | most open source companies adapt AGPL, open core or source
       | available licenses.
        
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