[HN Gopher] On the dimensionality of spacetime (1997) [pdf]
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       On the dimensionality of spacetime (1997) [pdf]
        
       Author : niklasbuschmann
       Score  : 95 points
       Date   : 2024-01-21 16:59 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (space.mit.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (space.mit.edu)
        
       | dvh wrote:
       | Imagine what kind of computers could you make if you could
       | radiate heat into more than one dimension. Or maybe you would get
       | greedy and use up all available dimensions for interconnects and
       | use one remaining dimension for heat dissipation anyway.
        
         | simonh wrote:
         | Can't we already radiate heat into 3 dimensions?
        
           | radarsat1 wrote:
           | I think what he means is that chips are 2D, so heat is
           | radiated orthogonal to the plane of the circuit -- up or
           | down.
        
           | paulddraper wrote:
           | Yes. See: radiators
        
         | thfuran wrote:
         | A hypercube's surface area to volume ratio grows without bound
         | with dimension, so radiating heat ought to be easier with more
         | dimensions even if you build a fairly blobby (I'm sure that's
         | the technical term) core, though an n-sphere's peaks at n=7, so
         | you don't want to get _too_ blobby in higher dimensions.
        
         | calamari4065 wrote:
         | Wouldn't a 4th dimension allow connection between any two
         | points in a 3D space? I _think_ that 's how that works but I'm
         | no mathemagician.
        
           | mminer237 wrote:
           | Essentially, but you still have to travel the distance in a
           | parallel dimension. Think about layers on a circuit board or
           | road overpasses. You can connect two things separated by
           | something by going "up" in the third dimension, but you still
           | have to actually go the distance after avoiding the collision
           | (and then go down).
        
             | ikari_pl wrote:
             | so in current design you travel the distance in the time
             | dimension
        
           | falsandtru wrote:
           | It is possible by deforming it in the fourth dimension, like
           | folding paper. However, the shapes that can be created by
           | folding are considered limited.
        
         | falsandtru wrote:
         | A CPU, a planar object, does so by extending its fins in the
         | three-dimensional direction, but not without limit. Similarly,
         | even if the fourth dimension can be used, it cannot be used
         | without limit. Also, just as there are no two-dimensional
         | objects without thickness in three-dimensional space, there are
         | no three-dimensional objects without thickness in four-
         | dimensional space, and all three-dimensional objects are
         | considered to have size in the fourth-dimensional direction in
         | four-dimensional space.
        
       | qwerty456127 wrote:
       | I didn't read the paper yet, but the title reminds me of Robert
       | Bartini who had a theory of time being 3-dimensional as well as
       | space is.
        
         | djmips wrote:
         | Tegmark's paper does seem related in that it is arguing that
         | proposals like Bartini's might produce a universe that is
         | 'dead'. It seems that Tegmark's paper is suggesting that only 4
         | dimensional (3+1) universe produces a world with 'observers'.
         | The math is beyond my ken.
         | 
         | This appears to be the Bartini paper (1965)
         | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26408302_Relations_...
        
         | Theizestooke wrote:
         | Bartini the aircraft designer? I'd like to read more about
         | that, but most of the Bartini-related stuff is about airplanes.
        
           | qwerty456127 wrote:
           | AFAIK he was also a mystic of a kind and what we would call a
           | "fringe scienctist" in today language. Which makes a curious
           | case when such a character actually builds serious
           | sophisticated working products like cutting-edge airplane
           | designs. The latter leading to a clue that his theories may
           | be worth exploring (they still can be wrong, but there is a
           | chance of finding some interesting food for thought there).
           | Another example of an inventor of similar kind coming into my
           | mind obviously is Nikola Tesla.
        
       | emchammer wrote:
       | The chart on the second page of the article used to be located on
       | a Wikipedia page called "Privileged character of 3+1 spacetime".
       | I think it's curious that it seems to be mirrored over a diagonal
       | axis.
        
         | georgeg23 wrote:
         | Not too surprising given time and space are pretty symmetric
         | (or anti-symmetric).
        
         | sigmoid10 wrote:
         | That's expected when you realize that time and space are not
         | different things but just two aspects of the same, pseudo-
         | Riemannisn structure that describes our universe. The only
         | thing separating them is a sign which in turn is based purely
         | on convention.
        
         | abhayhegde wrote:
         | The link to Wikipedia page for the curious [0].
         | 
         | [0]:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacetime#Privileged_character...
        
       | balaise-rustine wrote:
       | Isn't 2+1 dimensions gravity a thing ? https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-
       | th/9204099v3
        
         | AlecBG wrote:
         | I think you end up with no degrees of freedom in 2+1 and below
        
         | pa7x1 wrote:
         | Yes, and even 1+1 gravity theories, like JT-gravity (https://en
         | .wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackiw%E2%80%93Teitelboim_grav...).
         | 
         | But 2+1 Einstein's gravity is locally trivial (i.e. there are
         | no local degrees of freedom) and is purely topological (i.e.
         | holes and global structure of spacetime is what matters).
        
       | KierPrev wrote:
       | Couldn't be other than Max Tegmark
        
       | anonymousiam wrote:
       | It seems that this paper assumes all the dimensions are flat. I
       | believe that most current theories assume the higher dimensions
       | are folded.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra_dimensions
        
         | i_k_k wrote:
         | See the footnote on page 1:
         | 
         | "Hereafter, we let n and m refer to the number of non-
         | compactified space and time dimensions, or more generally to
         | the effective spacetime dimensionality that is relevant to the
         | low-energy physics we will be discussing later."
        
         | trhway wrote:
         | For example, in 2 dimensions embedded in our 3 the force
         | potential decreasing with square distance would have given a
         | hint to the 2-dim occupants that they are embedded in 3. We
         | don't see the decreasing with cube, so we don't seems to be
         | embedded in full-flat 4+. (even more - the force falls off
         | linear with distance in galactics, i.e. "dark force"/MOND,
         | which seems to be another indication of some holograghy-like
         | "folding" 3->2 (the other being is the black hole holography))
        
       | thechao wrote:
       | My personal take is that 3+1 is _not_ privileged; but that the
       | physics that takes place in the other combinations is either so
       | uninteresting it doesn 't meaningfully interact, or that the
       | number of Feynman paths through the non-3+1 cases all (mostly?)
       | cancel out.
        
       | LASR wrote:
       | Nice analysis. But the point about stability - in other
       | configurations of the universe, the subset of those that do
       | evolve intelligence in some fashion is going to have different
       | physics from our own.
       | 
       | Stable intelligences might be another condition to explore in
       | such an analysis.
        
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