[HN Gopher] Remembering Bell Labs as legendary idea factory prep...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Remembering Bell Labs as legendary idea factory prepares to leave
       N.J. home
        
       Author : andyjohnson0
       Score  : 140 points
       Date   : 2024-01-21 12:31 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nj.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nj.com)
        
       | user_7832 wrote:
       | I have a question for anyone in an R&D/Bell Labs-esque place -
       | are there any good recommendations for similar places to work,
       | particularly outside the US? "Old" Google apparently was, but
       | going by what ex-googlers have been saying it hasn't been the
       | case for a long while now.
        
         | carterschonwald wrote:
         | I was wondering the same myself. Albeit in the us or nyc. :)
         | 
         | I've had middling success creating opportunities but that's
         | very far from being in an environment where there so much
         | interesting going on around you
        
           | thatcat wrote:
           | Freelance product design is a good field for this type work,
           | but you don't really see it concentrated into a unified r/d
           | location like bell had often.
           | 
           | Also @dsgnr you're posts are currently hell banned
        
             | user_7832 wrote:
             | Thanks, product design is something I've also considered.
             | I'd guess Apple/MS style companies are probably still the
             | best bet, even though you're more restricted than what it
             | probably was at Bell.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | I'm sure a lot of people will reflexively run in the opposite
           | direction but IBM still has a large research organization.
        
         | dsgnr wrote:
         | As a freelance product designer I'm always learning and always
         | excited about work. There are so many interesting companies
         | working on so many interesting problems.
        
           | dleink wrote:
           | What takes up most of your time? Do you work with vendors to
           | create and then produce the product or just do the design
           | phase?
        
         | DaiPlusPlus wrote:
         | Microsoft Research, though it has a reputation for coming up
         | with great ideas that somehow never end-up in a shipping
         | Microsoft product.
        
           | user_7832 wrote:
           | Thanks, I've found some of their design guidelines have
           | legitimately changing my worldview (eg situational
           | disabilities).
        
           | esafak wrote:
           | For some that's a plus!
        
             | DaiPlusPlus wrote:
             | For me a negative:
             | 
             | If I remember correctly, MSR worked on a practical
             | implementation of Code-Contracts for C# which incorporated
             | the (all-important) compile-time verification of method
             | preconditions, postconditions, and class invariants
             | (without the need for hand-written refinement-types, which
             | is how we do things today): as I understand it, the
             | compile-time part of system could support any assertion
             | represented as a pure-function - think of it as C#'s take
             | on Ada's assertions, improved tenfold, and it even shipped
             | for a now-unsupported older version of C# and .NET:
             | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/debug-
             | tra...
             | 
             | ...and it was axed in .NET Core back in 2016 and hasn't
             | been seen since:
             | https://github.com/microsoft/CodeContracts/issues/409
             | 
             | Had Microsoft put more backing behind it, then C# could
             | present itself as a language to supplant Ada in safety-
             | critical applications, and replace C/C++ in other
             | applications.
             | 
             | I have hope the feature will come back one-day - there are
             | whole slews of bugs that can be eliminated (such as when
             | passing EF entity types around with unintentionally null
             | member-properties).
        
               | esafak wrote:
               | Isn't that replacement called F#?
        
               | DaiPlusPlus wrote:
               | No.
        
         | LeonardoTolstoy wrote:
         | If you are in the UK Deepmind seemed to be that way to me when
         | I applied. A lot of research groups doing hard research in a
         | wide array of fields, cutting edge AI stuff, a core team of SEs
         | developing in house programs for researchers, and research
         | engineers for productionization. And no, I didn't get the job
         | lol.
         | 
         | I've heard mixed things about it as a company but GResearch
         | (also UK) seemed like an interesting R&D software / math mix in
         | the vein of investment banking. I applied there over ten years
         | ago so YMMV at this point, who knows.
        
           | chicagoengineer wrote:
           | I work at a very successful HFT. It's a special place, but
           | we're not advancing the state of the art in fundamental
           | science like the Bell Labs/Microsoft Researches of the world.
        
             | user_7832 wrote:
             | Sorry, what's HFT?
        
               | Nullabillity wrote:
               | High-frequency trading, I'd assume. Exploiting the stock
               | market for profit.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Or providing liquidity to reduce transaction costs for
               | everyone.
        
               | FirmwareBurner wrote:
               | How high are the costs and how much can you reduce them
               | before you reach diminishing returns? Will it reach zero?
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | It is pretty close to zero. Has anyone thought about how
               | much a trade of a broadly traded security will cost them
               | in recent times, or ever thought it would not happen near
               | instantly?
        
               | esafak wrote:
               | How frequently do you think most people make such
               | transactions?
        
               | psychlops wrote:
               | A huge black hole of mental energy spent slicing pennies
               | and seconds, creating nothing.
        
             | mnky9800n wrote:
             | What are you advancing?
        
               | oh_sigh wrote:
               | The number of digits in their bank account.
        
             | wills_forward wrote:
             | Citadel or Jump?
        
           | user_7832 wrote:
           | Thanks for your suggestions! I'm currently in The Netherlands
           | but I'll keep these in mind (though they sound more "math-ey"
           | than engineering-ey but that's fine).
        
             | FirmwareBurner wrote:
             | _> though they sound more "math-ey" than engineering-ey_
             | 
             | Isn't math necessary for most real-world engineering, and
             | even in CS research? And what were you expecting? You asked
             | for a cutting edge Bell-Labs type of R&D place, and that's
             | what research is all about, even in CS.
             | 
             | You'll work with a lot of new yet-unproven theoretical
             | concepts for which you need a lot of math to prove they
             | have a high chance of working in practice and being better
             | than existing solutions, before someone approves budget for
             | the costly development and implementation of an actual
             | product.
        
               | user_7832 wrote:
               | It really depends on what you're looking at. Disclaimer,
               | I'm a mechanical engineer and not a CS guy. A lot of the
               | stuff if you're doing say quantum computing is
               | understandably math heavy. But if you're say designing a
               | flying kite-like generator, it's more "engineering math",
               | if you know what I mean? (Which is what I'm comfortable
               | with)
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | Any serious place will only be looking for folks that are
               | bonafide math geniuses in addition to their actual
               | specialty.
               | 
               | In the case of mechanical engineers, maybe 1 in 50
               | bonafide geniuses in mechanical engineering are also
               | simultaneously math geniuses. Just my personal hunch.
               | 
               | There's really not that many serious places in the world
               | comparable to Bell Labs in its heyday, so it's
               | unrealistic to expect recruiting standards to be much
               | lower.
        
         | whimsicalism wrote:
         | Any prestige research lab - MS, Google, OAI, etc.
        
           | user_7832 wrote:
           | Thanks, that seems to be the trend here
        
           | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
           | I'm not sure how many, if any, are doing blue sky research
           | (vs product-directed "research") any more the way that Bell
           | Labs, IBM Watson and Xerox Parc used to do.
           | 
           | Look at what's going on with ML/AI - DeepMind now merged with
           | Google Brain seemingly with a product focus, FAIR now moved
           | into a product group alongside Meta's GenAI group, Microsoft
           | essentially outsourcing AI to OpenAI, OpenAI may as well call
           | itself GPTCorp - a single-product commercial enterprise.
           | 
           | I guess it's not surprising given how short term the thinking
           | is of today's publicly traded companies.
        
             | potatolicious wrote:
             | Eh, I don't think today's scene is altogether _that_
             | different from back then. In every case you have a research
             | organization tied to an _immensely_ profitable main
             | enterprise. The vast majority of the work force works on
             | the  "product" side and only a small number of researchers
             | are doing blue sky stuff.
             | 
             | This describes Bell Labs and Xerox Parc, as well as modern
             | counterparts like MSR and DeepMind. As always, only a very
             | small portion of the work force gets to do blue sky stuff -
             | the rest have to do the "mundane" bits of making money.
             | 
             | Let's not be fooled by rose-tinted glasses here - even in
             | its heyday Bell Labs was small fraction of the overall Bell
             | operations, and likewise Xerox Parc an extremely
             | prestigious but yet small slice of the overall enterprise.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | > DeepMind now merged with Google Brain seemingly with a
             | product focus, FAI
             | 
             | I don't really agree that training massive causal LMs is a
             | "product focus".
             | 
             | I agree that there is an increasing product focus in orgs
             | like OAI, but a lot of that is coming from new growth
             | rather than trading off with base research.
        
         | jebarker wrote:
         | Disney Imagineering? I have no direct experience but I'm
         | continually impressed by the technical innovations they make
         | public and the effects they manage to achieve in their
         | products.
        
         | bargle0 wrote:
         | What are you looking for? DOE national labs and similar
         | institutions may fit the bill.
        
         | deadly-penguin wrote:
         | A government, or government funded, research lab. Mostly they
         | want research scientists, but engineers also work in those
         | places.
        
       | eatonphil wrote:
       | The new home is still NJ: New Brunswick.
       | 
       | > When Nokia's research arm, Nokia Bell Labs, said in early
       | December the company will move out of the Murray Hill campus over
       | the next five years to relocate to a new tech hub being built in
       | New Brunswick, the announcement spurred an outpouring of memories
       | online from current and former employees.
       | 
       | > Bell Labs' new headquarters will be located at the HELIX
       | innovation center in New Brunswick. Originally known as "The
       | Hub," the HELIX innovation center will be a large complex in the
       | city's downtown on the site of the former Ferren Mall.
       | 
       | More news on the real estate side of things:
       | 
       | https://re-nj.com/legacy-moment-inside-the-landmark-deal-to-...
       | 
       | I'm excited for New Brunswick here. Would love to see this small
       | city develop. With relatively cheap cost of living, Rutgers,
       | decent zoning (they've got a number of highrises and seem to be
       | adding more), and being a few train stops away from NYC (and a
       | direct bus IIRC?) it seems like a really compelling place to
       | invest in.
        
         | stn8188 wrote:
         | I agree that investment in the city of New Brunswick seems like
         | a great idea for the reasons you stated. At the same time, it
         | just feels so grand and historic to walk the same halls as the
         | likes of Shannon, and it's a bit sad that I may not be able to
         | see it again. (I've only visited a handful of times to work on
         | some joint projects though). Hopefully the new lab
         | space/equipment will be very modern and efficient though! One
         | last thought... Traffic is gonna be a bear for anyone driving
         | in! It was miserable a decade ago when I was at Rutgers.
        
           | grepfru_it wrote:
           | NB resident here. It's still miserable, but removing stop
           | lights on route 18 between landing lane and the turnpike made
           | things excellent for folks getting to somerset/piscataway!
        
           | ioblomov wrote:
           | While I'm not saying Shannon never walked the halls of Murray
           | Hill, his publishing _A Mathematical Theory of Communication_
           | in 1948 meant that he was working at the lab's previous
           | location in the West Village...
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Laboratories_Building
        
           | frozenport wrote:
           | But "These chairs haven't been cleaned since Shannon worked
           | here!"
        
       | Lyngbakr wrote:
       | I'm currently halfway through The Idea Factory: Bell Labs & the
       | Great Age of American Innovation by Jon Gertner. The stories and
       | characters behind all the inventions and ideas are absolutely
       | fascinating, as is the culture they cultivated there. Definitely
       | recommended!
        
         | mk_stjames wrote:
         | I came here to recommend this book as the title of this article
         | mirrors its title's key descriptor.
         | 
         | It's one of my favorite books; throughout my time reading it I
         | would periodically put it down and just sit with awe in
         | imagining the science and the work happening there throughout
         | the years depicted.
         | 
         | I need to sit down and read it again; but I'm afraid to, as in
         | a way it just gives me this odd sense of mixed unfounded
         | nostalgia and jealousy and a bit of dread for not being a part
         | of something similar anymore.
        
           | diggan wrote:
           | > and jealousy and a bit of dread for not being a part of
           | something similar anymore.
           | 
           | In some corridor, somewhere in the world, the next Bell Labs
           | is currently under way and others will read books about it in
           | the future. You just have to figure out where it is :)
        
         | 101011 wrote:
         | I heard about this book from hackernews a year or two ago. I'm
         | not a big non-fiction fan, but I absolutely devoured that book.
         | Strong plus one about Gertner's great work here.
        
       | kilroy123 wrote:
       | Is there a Bell Labs of today? If so who or where?
        
         | whimsicalism wrote:
         | Prestige AI labs. But for hardware? I am not sure.
        
           | CamperBob2 wrote:
           | Always interesting stuff being worked on at NIST and JILA in
           | Boulder.
        
         | chrispeel wrote:
         | It's called "the internet".
         | 
         | People from around the world can collaborate easily on
         | incredibly projects such as Linux or OpenRISC. Or on closed-
         | source projects as used by FAANG companies.
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | There are a few remaining, 3M has one, but much smaller.
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | This article - a retrospective puff piece - entirely neglects the
       | circumstances leading to the loss of relevance of Bell Labs. It's
       | explained in the autoposy of one of the greatest scientific
       | frauds (fabricated nanoelectronic devices made of organic carbon
       | materials e.g. pentacene) of the past few decades [1]:
       | 
       | > "For over half a century, Bell Labs had been owned by the
       | telephone monopoly AT&T and had plenty of money to spend on
       | science. But in 1984, the monopoly broke up, and after 1989,
       | managers encouraged Bell Lab researchers to focus on research
       | with commercial applications. Disenchanted, top scientists began
       | to leave for universities and were mostly not replaced by new
       | recruits. In 1995, ownership of Bell Labs was transferred to the
       | newly formed company Lucent Technologies."
       | 
       | Then Lucent got hit by the dot-com bubble blowout, resulting in a
       | 30% loss of share value in Jan 2000. This led to a new focus on
       | PR:
       | 
       | > "By keeping up its practice of releasing exciting scientific
       | findings, the lab could continue to demonstrate to investors,
       | customers and anyone else that Lucent had a sound, long-term
       | technological future. Again, this was a question of survival:
       | with revenues falling, managers had to make the argument that
       | their jobs and the jobs of their staff were worth keeping."
       | 
       | This led to a culture in which critical scrutiny of the claims of
       | one fraudulent researcher was discouraged in favor of
       | institutional cheerleading, and the end result was that 15 papers
       | published in Science and Nature had to be retracted.
       | 
       | [1] "Plastic Fantastic: How the Biggest Fraud in Physics Shook
       | the Scientific World" (2009) Eugenie Samuel Reich.
       | 
       | If you want a parable for what's happened to Bell Labs and many
       | other scientific institutions in the US, it's that of the greedy
       | farmer killing the goose that laid the golden eggs.
        
         | GlibMonkeyDeath wrote:
         | The farmer lost his monopoly on wheat, so he couldn't feed that
         | wildly expensive goose any more. It isn't greed when the farmer
         | would go out of business feeding his goose, especially when
         | those golden eggs wouldn't necessarily help his farming
         | business directly.
        
           | photochemsyn wrote:
           | I think that what happened is Bayh-Dole legislation passed
           | c.1980 which allowed corporations to exclusively license
           | patents generated with taxpayer funds at public and private
           | universities, so they lost their incentive to maintain large
           | privately-funded research centers, which used to be valuable
           | because they'd have exclusive control of any patents. A side-
           | effect of Bayh-Dole was the gradual conversion of academic
           | institutions into for-profit commercial operations,
           | especially in the STEM fields like chemistry, engineering,
           | medical research, etc. - with accompanying declines in
           | academic integrity, open data sharing, etc.
           | 
           | Eliminating Bayh-Dole would mean university-based patents
           | generated with taxpayer funds would be available to any
           | interested party under a non-exclusive licensing program, and
           | then corporations would again be incentivized to maintain
           | private research centers - which IIRC also served a tax-
           | writeoff function for AT&T in Bell Lab's heyday.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | It's also the case that corporate labs that genuinely did
             | research tended to be a byproduct of companies that were
             | essentially monopolies to some degree in some way. Even if
             | a bit idealized, Bell Labs was certainly like this. (From
             | an old movie. Ma Bell: We don't care we don't have to we're
             | the phone company.)
             | 
             | At least some of the 80s vintage corporate labs like DEC
             | were being increasingly folded into the broader engineering
             | organizations as their parents became less dominant.
             | Essentially corporate research labs are a creature of
             | organizations that have some long-term play money. Or at
             | least that's the idea. I'd note that some of the current
             | work going on in quantum computing has a lineage that dates
             | back to some pretty fundamental research done in corporate
             | labs in the 1960s.
        
         | Tachyooon wrote:
         | Bobbybroccoli over on Youtube made three massive episodes about
         | the story that goes into it with a lot of detail - I couldn't
         | stop watching them when I first found them. Here's the link if
         | anyone is interested:
         | https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLAB-wWbHL7Vsfl4PoQpNs...
        
       | lgkk wrote:
       | I have walked those halls and let me tell you it feels spooky in
       | a good way to know a lot of groundbreaking work was done there.
       | 
       | During the time I was on campus it was mostly empty. There were
       | old computers still inside some rooms. I felt like I had been
       | transported to the 80s or 90s in one hall and some halls even
       | more decades in the past.
       | 
       | Really grand. I can't imagine what it was like in its heyday.
        
         | tomcam wrote:
         | I'm not a nostalgic person, but for some reason I wish
         | irrationally that that Murray Hill building could be preserved
         | as is. I read so much about of it in the history of computing,
         | and just like (from the pictures) the building interior itself
         | so much I just feel like I missed out on some thing not to have
         | been there myself.
         | 
         | I was lucky enough to work at Microsoft in building 2, one of 8
         | matching buildings from the mid-80s, and it absolutely felt
         | special at the time. In my imagination, it had some of the same
         | vibe as Bell Labs did in its heyday. I was on the Visual Studio
         | team, and great things were happening. I knew it. I also knew
         | that team was special.
         | 
         | No one else in Visual Studio seemed that interested - they were
         | just too busy and I think maybe too young to get it.
         | 
         | Buildings 1-8 were demolished few years ago, but I had been
         | gone from the company for decades by that time. I did grieve a
         | bit.
        
           | polishdude20 wrote:
           | I wonder where can you find those types of places currently?
           | 
           | Places developing the next mRNA vaccines for cancer?
           | 
           | Places developing AI?
           | 
           | Electric cars?
        
             | tomcam wrote:
             | I think that if you have a PhD in the right field and
             | enough hip publications that many of the FAANG companies
             | still have research teams like that operating in a
             | diminished capacity. It appears to me that many of these
             | positions have been replaced by administrators who are more
             | interested in hiring to a specific set of demographics.
        
               | coliveira wrote:
               | Have you ever seen something fundamental coming from
               | FAANG? No, and you won't, because what they're doing
               | (even when very technical) is purely for the improvement
               | of their business. Things like AI are coming from smaller
               | groups such as OpenAI, even when backed by big companies
               | like Microsoft.
        
               | pm90 wrote:
               | What are you talking about? All of the basic research
               | around transformers originated at Google.
        
             | lgkk wrote:
             | NASA.
             | 
             | I know a few people who wanted to get away from the FANG
             | hype grind and went to NASA.
             | 
             | They tell me they're doing actual engineering for
             | engineerings sake. Which sounds great.
             | 
             | Salary obviously not comparable to FANG 400k plus but the
             | satisfaction and pride is well worth the sacrifice to them.
             | 
             | Me and most of my friends are "super American" like I'm an
             | immigrant who wears USA hats and t shirts. I would love to
             | work at NASA once I have established a little place for
             | myself here. I would be so proud to contribute to this
             | country and its success in space and research.
        
         | tomcam wrote:
         | I'm not a nostalgic person, but for some reason I wish
         | irrationally that that Murray Hill building could be preserved
         | as is. I read so much about of it in the history of computing,
         | and just like (from the pictures) the building interior itself
         | so much I just feel like I missed out on some thing not to have
         | been there myself.
         | 
         | I was lucky enough to work at Microsoft in building 2, one of 8
         | matching buildings from the mid-80s, and it absolutely felt
         | special at the time. In my imagination, it had some of the same
         | vibe as Bell Labs did in its heyday. I was on the Visual Studio
         | team, and great things were happening. I knew it. I also knew
         | that team was special.
         | 
         | No one else in Visual Studio seemed that interested - they were
         | just too busy and I think maybe too young to get it.
         | 
         | Buildings 1-8 were demolished few years ago, but I had been
         | gone from the company for decades by that time. I did grieve a
         | bit.
        
           | dimator wrote:
           | It's interesting how much we associate a place with the
           | fulfillment (career) we had there. I always smile fondly when
           | I pass by the buildings I worked in years ago, in the valley.
           | 
           | It's a strange thought that the building I spent so many
           | hours, days, years in is now just a thing seen out of the
           | passenger window as I drive by, for maybe 2 seconds.
        
             | tomcam wrote:
             | In my particular case, the best jobs I had also happened to
             | be at places where I could think hard, then go take a walk
             | outside and enjoy the fresh air. Building two at Microsoft
             | was nestled in a sort of mini forest, and taking a jog
             | around that area in the winter was a pleasure almost to
             | good to put into words.
        
           | dleink wrote:
           | Any recommendations for books on the history of computing
           | from that period?
        
             | NegativeLatency wrote:
             | Not Microsoft but an enjoyable account from that time:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Soul_of_a_New_Machine
        
               | tomcam wrote:
               | Agreed, that is a good portrait of what it was like
        
             | tomcam wrote:
             | Maybe "Fire in the Valley"? I learned to program in the
             | mid-1980s and learned about the culture from dozens of
             | magazines that were published contemporaneously. I didn't
             | live in Silicon Valley and thought I had pretty much missed
             | the boat so I spent thousands a year in early 1990s dollars
             | to keep up. Then I got to move to Redmond, Washington and
             | actually live it. Working with people I had literally read
             | about was every bit as good as I hoped.
        
           | ioblomov wrote:
           | The whole complex (immortalized as Lumon HQ in _Severance_ )
           | is landmarked so presumably it can't be messed with too much.
           | Even apart from the historical significance, it's a
           | masterpiece of mid-century design. Its architect, Eero
           | Saarinen, also did the St. Louis Arch and, my personal
           | favorite, the TWA terminal at JFK, which reopened as a hotel
           | in 2019. If you're ever stuck on a layover there, do check it
           | out!
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TWA_Hotel
        
             | tomcam wrote:
             | Thanks for the reminder. I agree, that appears to be a
             | massive triumph of preservation.
        
       | Scubabear68 wrote:
       | Not just Murray Hill, but all of their offices were special.
       | 
       | I went to Holmdel High and my girlfriend's dad was a
       | distinguished engineer at the Holmdel Bell Labs installation, we
       | drove by regularly (loved the transistor water tower), and got to
       | visit him inside the building a few times. It was awe inspiring
       | as an 18 year old to enter into such a sacred hall of engineering
       | and science. I had a strong engineering bent since I was little,
       | but knowing such a towering figure cemented it (inventor of
       | Adaptive Delta Modulation).
        
         | Zigurd wrote:
         | I got to visit the Holmdel site a couple times, once in its
         | heyday and once after it was half empty and down at the heels -
         | an eerie vibe. It was an awesome sight when first arriving. It
         | is colossal. Pictures don't do it justice. A symbol of economic
         | power. Later I learned it was largely made possible by the
         | government negotiating a deal with AT&T. It was a kind of crony
         | capitalism Camelot. An industrial policy monument. But it was
         | glorious. Saarinen designed a lot of Peak Industrial America
         | headquarters.
        
       | galacticstone wrote:
       | Following
        
       | sambeau wrote:
       | I couldn't read past this photo caption:-
       | 
       |  _" In 1969, Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson developed UNIX, a
       | computer programming language. Nokia"_
       | 
       | :-|
        
         | shrubble wrote:
         | Credit for the picture provided goes to Nokia; Nokia doesn't
         | get credit for anything else :)
        
           | zamadatix wrote:
           | > UNIX, a computer programming language
           | 
           | :p
        
       | chrisrohlf wrote:
       | The Murray Hill campus may have been where the bulk of the
       | innovation happened but the former Holmdel site is the
       | architectural gem of the two. Thankfully it was preserved and is
       | now functional and used as 'Bell Works'.
        
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