[HN Gopher] Venture backed or bootstrapped? There's a third way:...
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       Venture backed or bootstrapped? There's a third way: just raise one
       round
        
       Author : rmason
       Score  : 42 points
       Date   : 2024-01-18 19:55 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
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 (TXT) w3m dump (www.saastr.com)
        
       | willsmith72 wrote:
       | It totally depends on the investors. In the given example of
       | raising at 3m and selling at 10, a lot of investors would call
       | that a failure and push instead to raise more for a bigger
       | eventual exit.
       | 
       | It sucks, but the failure rate of a startup is so high that it's
       | understandable when VCs need their successes to make it big.
       | 
       | On top of that, for a founder that ~5m exit may be life-changing.
       | For the investor, probably not.
        
         | reducesuffering wrote:
         | But that's the point isn't it? If you only raise one round,
         | like the $3m, a round is only like ~15% of the company so they
         | don't have the power to dictate whether you attempt a bigger
         | exit or not. I also don't understand why this "third way" isn't
         | more common because you get the initial big boost of being able
         | to hire a team, but you still retain 70-85% of the company
         | instead of repeated dilutions where founders end up with 5-10%.
         | I know I know, 5% of $1b is more than 85% of $50m but it
         | usually seems like you become worse off and just another job
         | you don't have control of where someone else is putting their
         | thumbs on the scale and you can get ejected from.
        
           | sv123 wrote:
           | I think the point is it may be hard to get investors to ever
           | give you $3m if you don't have the 100x exit in mind.
        
           | BadCookie wrote:
           | Liquidation preferences make a difference to the math here.
           | For example, a 3x liquidation preference would guarantee the
           | investors the first $9 million of proceeds from any exit in
           | the $3 million investment example.
        
             | morgante wrote:
             | Liquidation preferences rarely kick in until later rounds.
             | Most seed rounds are just 1x.
        
               | xyzzy_plugh wrote:
               | I know some late stage startups with multiple rounds
               | where _all_ are 1x. Most likely ZIRP but still.
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | Right, but you more or less have to lie to raise money for
           | that strategy.
        
             | xyzzy_plugh wrote:
             | I think that distinction firmly lies in what founders
             | decide to tell themselves.
             | 
             | Imagine, founders _lying_ in their pitch decks.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Founders are _wishful_ in their pitch decks, but that 's
               | not the same thing as misrepresenting their intentions.
        
             | reducesuffering wrote:
             | Really? You might've been in these investor meetings.
             | AFAIK, founders are telling investors about the big vision,
             | we'll raise money right now and wishfully become very big.
             | In what way are investors stipulating, "ok we'll fund your
             | seed/A but only so that you can hit certain benchmarks that
             | you will definitely be raising a series B in a year or
             | two." Is it that direct?
        
         | itslennysfault wrote:
         | They can "push" for whatever they want. I think this is the
         | trap a lot of founders find themselves in.
         | 
         | I know someone that did a couple rounds (2 plus a bridge) and
         | pretty much just stopped listening to the VCs after that. They
         | essentially pivoted it into a lifestyle business with no dreams
         | of IPO or exit. They pay themselves (and a small handful of
         | employees) a nice salary. The company is minimally profitable
         | and very stable. The VCs are never going to see a dime of
         | return. I think its kinda hilarious.
        
           | morgante wrote:
           | The VCs won't see a return, but what's the upside for the
           | founder there? Paying yourself a "nice salary" is not a win
           | considering how hard it is to get a company off the ground.
        
             | brianwawok wrote:
             | Who are you to judge what someone picks for their own life?
        
               | morgante wrote:
               | It's fine if they're happy with it.
               | 
               | I'm just saying that this would be just as much a
               | "failure" as it would be for their investors.
               | 
               | I know I never would have quit my well-paid, enjoyable
               | job to start a company if this was the outcome.
        
               | willsmith72 wrote:
               | to you it would be a failure. to many a sustainable,
               | profitable small business is the dream
        
             | gnicholas wrote:
             | The decision point isn't when you raise the first round,
             | it's when you decide not to raise a second one. You will
             | have already spent a lot of time trying to build a big
             | company and realized that isn't going to happen. Now it's
             | time to figure out whether to convert your previously-
             | ambitious startup into a stable, small company. Depending
             | on the sector and business model, this may mean you don't
             | even have to work that much. If you're selling SaaS and
             | have low churn, you could hypothetically take it very easy
             | and just pay yourself. VCs would not like this, and if you
             | try to raise for a future company, funders would be wary
             | for sure.
        
             | msds wrote:
             | I don't know about that. Paying yourself a nice salary,
             | having a stable job doing something you probably (at least
             | at one point) find interesting, and having lots of autonomy
             | seems like a pretty nice gig.
        
             | xyzzy_plugh wrote:
             | Raising a couple of rounds can reliably render solo
             | founders financially independent.
             | 
             | If you can easily cash in for $5MM+ and a steady salary
             | while maintaining full control of a startup with loads of
             | cash in the bank, would you risk it all for much more, or
             | ride it out for as long as you can in comfort?
             | 
             | Many founders would choose the latter.
        
           | bearjaws wrote:
           | Seen this several times in my career. It's not all VC hockey
           | stick growth, many companies are just profitable, they have
           | 10-20 employees and the owner lives a great life style.
           | Generally the pay is pretty good and they focus on customers
           | like any other company.
           | 
           | It doesn't have to be billion or bust, only once ego is
           | involved does it become billions or bust.
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | Right, but it sort of needs to be hockey stick growth for
             | the math to work out at the VC firm. So, like, fine, you
             | can glide into a steady state of comfortably running a
             | company over the long term; that's great! You should do it
             | if you can! But you can't go pitch that to investors, since
             | you're basically pitching a loss for them.
        
               | ShamelessC wrote:
               | It seems others are suggesting you simply take their
               | money and ignore all their demands (so long as you aren't
               | violating any contract).
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | I'm not saying you're really facing any legal liability
               | here but the strategy you're proposing here involves
               | defrauding your investors. They're going to make these
               | demands explicit before you close the deal!
        
               | xyzzy_plugh wrote:
               | What demands are you thinking? That you raise future
               | rounds? That has not been my experience.
        
               | stickfigure wrote:
               | I don't see this as a strategy so much as just a natural
               | consequence of the system. Most companies "fail" from a
               | VC perspective; some percentage of those are still
               | profitable and keep the founders/employees engaged.
               | Everyone wanted the hockey stick but they got something
               | else. It's not fraud.
        
               | morgante wrote:
               | Right. It's fine/expected if the "failure" comes in this
               | category (though many investors would encourage you to
               | simply repay them and move onto something with more
               | growth potential).
               | 
               | The unethical thing would be pitching a unicorn plan when
               | the actual strategy is building something much smaller.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | It is if you assure your investors you plan to take risks
               | to pursue hockey stick growth, but instead you intend to
               | keep the money in the bank and putter along.
        
               | ShamelessC wrote:
               | > I'm not saying you're really facing any legal liability
               | 
               | Why would I?
               | 
               | > but the strategy you're proposing here
               | 
               | I am re-framing the words of others. Didn't propose
               | anything.
               | 
               | > involves defrauding your investors.
               | 
               | I don't have any investors.
        
       | stonogo wrote:
       | That's not a third way, that's just venture backed.
        
         | vecter wrote:
         | In a very narrow strict sense, yes. But I would argue it's not
         | really venture-backed. For me, venture-backed means that over
         | time, the founders collectively own a minority of the shares,
         | and the board structure is such that venture capitalists
         | collectively hold a majority of the board seats. This means
         | that technically the investors could do anything they wanted to
         | with the company.
         | 
         | This is qualitatively different from the founders collectively
         | having a majority of the shares (even factoring in granting
         | tons of equity to thousands of employees), or, if not, they at
         | least control a majority of the board seats for a long time, if
         | not forever.
        
           | troutwine wrote:
           | I think your distinction would imply that Facebook/Meta was
           | not venture backed, which it is, since Mark Zuckerberg has
           | always held a majority stake?
        
             | reducesuffering wrote:
             | Mark maneuvered for the best of both worlds with the dual
             | class voting shares. He owns the majority of the vote but
             | only ~13% of the share capital. From the rumblings I've
             | heard, I don't think VC allow this type of Google/Meta
             | share class anymore, and/or SP500 don't include new
             | entrants, but not super knowledgeable here.
        
         | TotoHorner wrote:
         | No, being venture backed implies you're cashflow negative and
         | you're relient on funding to live.
         | 
         | If you're a founder of a venture backed company, one of your
         | main jobs is to build a pipeline of investors and constantly be
         | planning for the next round of funding (that takes a
         | significant amount of energy away from building the company).
         | 
         | With this strategy, you raise one round, then you go back to
         | being similar to a bootstrapped founder where your only focus
         | is to make the business sustainable and you're not spending
         | mind-share trying to raise more money.
         | 
         | So it _is_ a different way of building.
        
       | lgkk wrote:
       | Do you think we will see any bootstrapped companies become
       | billion dollar corporations? Companies that start close to or are
       | profitable from the get go. Obviously small revenues.
       | 
       | Starting small with a specific market and conquering it and then
       | ramping up the product to go after bigger and bigger segments.
       | 
       | Or is that just impossible in today's landscape?
       | 
       | Like for example as a swe I have an enough of money I could use
       | to self fund myself. If it goes wrong I just need to work 2-3
       | more years and I have another 500k.
        
         | morgante wrote:
         | There have been plenty of bootstrapped billion dollar outcomes.
         | Mailchimp ($12B) is one recent example.
        
           | lgkk wrote:
           | Oh cool! Wonder why this doesn't show up when I search
           | google. I will ask chat gpt lol
        
             | codegeek wrote:
             | mailchimp, freshworks, basecamp/37 signals etc are all
             | bootstrap and wildly successful.
        
               | lgkk wrote:
               | Wowza. I'm really inspired now. I've been working on a
               | product after talking and showing the solution to some
               | potential customers.
               | 
               | Really want out of the swe ladder race and do my own
               | thing. Build something ppl want :D
        
       | fuzztester wrote:
       | How is raising just one round different from venture backed, as
       | someone else said ?
       | 
       | stonogo said, here:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39047023
        
       | stcroixx wrote:
       | This is exactly what my current employer did. It's also the best
       | job I've had in a 25 year career. Business is very stable and
       | provides a nice life for the small group that we are. No VC's
       | harping at us to do more, more, more. We made a profit the first
       | year and have every year since.
        
         | creer wrote:
         | How are the original investors getting paid? (That would be a
         | useful part of the story, please)
        
           | cj wrote:
           | Profitable companies can pay out annual or quarterly
           | dividends to shareholders. That could even include employees.
        
             | creer wrote:
             | Yes they can. And "traditional investors" might be
             | perfectly fine with dividends plus a solidly run company
             | (i.e. valuable on its own). It's just unlikely to satisfy
             | investors who were promised either a nice exit or a hockey
             | stick.
        
               | cj wrote:
               | > It's just unlikely to satisfy investors who were
               | promised either a nice exit or a hockey stick.
               | 
               | Agreed. In our case we offered to buy them out.
        
       | pdshrader wrote:
       | This "third way" is only really possible if you're strategically
       | aligned with the "one round" investors you have. It's easy to
       | point to a few companies that have gotten buy-in from their
       | investors and generated a multiple of 100x returns, but for the
       | vast majority of companies that raise one round, their investors
       | are still going to push for "swing for the fences" returns -
       | which usually means recommending raising more money.
       | 
       | Consider:
       | 
       | - Venture capitalists are generally funded with a 2% management
       | fee and a 20% carry. AKA their limited partners (investors in the
       | VC fund) are looking for returns over 10 years that are better
       | than an index fund, even burdened by those extra fees. In other
       | words, they've only achieved the most modest of success if they
       | have a 3X overall average return, and are incentivized by the
       | carry to aim for much much higher returns.
       | 
       | - VCs only make money if they can sell the shares. I.e. there's
       | an M&A event, an IPO, or a secondary market.
       | 
       | - Even without a majority share, VCs generally get "preferred
       | share" rights, which include the ability to force a company to
       | have a public offering/sell itself (These are called
       | "registration rights" in the Investor Rights' Agreement). Granted
       | these haven't been used frequently in the last decade and a half,
       | but it's a potential hammer that VCs can wave if a founding
       | team/management decide to try to just run a company as a smaller
       | profitable enterprise.
        
       | Onavo wrote:
       | The SAFE note will never vest in this case
        
       | rsingel wrote:
       | Even better, raise a round on a SAFE note and you never have to
       | convert their dollars to equity if you never raise again.
       | 
       | Just got to pay back what is technically a loan, usually with
       | quite low interest.
        
       | gnicholas wrote:
       | I was naive when I started out talking to VCs and made the
       | mistake of saying that we might only need to raise one round. Of
       | course, this is not what any VC wants to hear, since it doesn't
       | align with their goals.
       | 
       | It is possible to just raise one round, but it requires that you
       | use the right kind of instrument, and that you don't give up too
       | much voting control. My guess is that if this sort of thing
       | becomes popular, VCs will insist on certain key terms that will
       | allow them to prevent this sort of strategy, and any founders who
       | resist the key terms will be viewed as suspect.
        
       | frankdenbow wrote:
       | Have seen this a lot in the conference I run on the topic.
       | Sometimes it's on purpose but most times it's just not being able
       | to cross the series a chasm. If you have mostly angels this works
       | pretty well as it sets you up to make everyone happy in a smaller
       | exit.
        
       | CalRobert wrote:
       | Related, from yesterday
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39028979
        
       | obiefernandez wrote:
       | I've done this accidentally. Several times!! LOL
        
       | RileyJames wrote:
       | This has been our strategy. We bootstrapped as long as we could.
       | We got 1 & 1/2 products live. But with a long sales cycle, and
       | security certificate requirements, we needed funding to cross
       | that chasm. We've raised one round and our goal is to get to
       | break even. Our competitor have gone the other route, VC after
       | VC, and while it's enabled them to grow, it's left a bad taste in
       | their customers mouths (who've effectively been burned and
       | churned). It's made it easy to differentiate ourselves, and our
       | motivations, and ultimately win their business.
        
       | cj wrote:
       | This is what we did with my company. Raised a $1.1m seed in 2015,
       | and still running the company today. It's a very profitable
       | modest company now with 25 employees.
       | 
       | At the time we raised the seed round, we thought we were going to
       | go the regular VC funded path, but somewhere along the way
       | (probably when we became profitable) we changed our operating
       | model to one similar to a bootstrapped company.
       | 
       | Some investors got annoyed (some probably still are annoyed), but
       | we've offered to pay them back their original investment. I used
       | to get angry emails from investors telling us it's terrible that
       | we're not burning money, because you have to invest and burn
       | money in order to grow fast.
       | 
       | I really like the position we're in now, with 100% total control
       | over the company, no board of directors other than founders,
       | destiny is in our own hands. No pressure to raise since we're
       | profitable, and we continue to grow by reinvesting profits back
       | into the business (hiring more people).
       | 
       | This strategy 100% will not work if you tell investors this is
       | your plan from the start. VC-backed and bootstrapped companies
       | operate very differently and have very different long-term goals.
       | Bootstrapped companies typically aren't compatible with the goals
       | of investors. I have trouble seeing how you would pitch "raise 1
       | round" to seed investors successfully. And I absolutely would not
       | recommend being dishonest about your intentions if you know this
       | is your plan from the start. (For us, we truly believed what we
       | told our original investors and the vision we painted, and only
       | changed our operating model a couple years later after burning
       | nearly all of our seed capital)
        
         | fairity wrote:
         | Your story is so similar to mine that I thought you must be my
         | co-founder, except for the fact that just one piece of the
         | story doesn't align.
         | 
         | Congrats on the success - have you thought about hiring a
         | banker to seek an exit to PE?
         | 
         | From personal experience, after eight going on nine years, the
         | itch to work on something new can kick in.
        
           | cj wrote:
           | Happy to chat if ya like! Email in profile
        
       | enahs-sf wrote:
       | Something I was noodling on is, what happens to SAFEs during
       | acquisition? I'm assuming the investor gets cashed out based on
       | some share price?
        
         | morgante wrote:
         | Yes, an acquisition would trigger SAFE conversion. Investors
         | would be paid out according to their converted equity percent.
        
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