[HN Gopher] Escaping surveillance capitalism, at scale
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Escaping surveillance capitalism, at scale
        
       Author : thibaultamartin
       Score  : 192 points
       Date   : 2024-01-18 16:14 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (ergaster.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (ergaster.org)
        
       | martinbaun wrote:
       | This is so true and one of the reasons why (shameless plug coming
       | in) I made our project management tool Goleko.com able to self-
       | host without any connection to our main servers.
        
       | stcredzero wrote:
       | It seems to me, that the Starlink 10GBit connection is almost
       | designed for someone to put a server farm aboard a ship that only
       | sails in international waters.
       | 
       | Re: Escaping Capitalism
       | 
       | I've encountered the communal experience which feels magical,
       | like "everything is made out of love." Here's the thing about
       | that. Scale matters. Alignment of incentives matter. The communal
       | experience is going to start breaking down at around 450 members
       | or so.
       | 
       | The old Inca empire was an example of a large scale political
       | organization which apparently worked. However, it also seems
       | likely this also involved the killing of those who didn't
       | cooperate.
       | 
       | Perhaps superintelligent AI will enable an alternative to
       | Capitalism, as envisioned in Ian M. Bank's _Culture_ books?
        
         | robertlagrant wrote:
         | As soon as we are post scarcity, we don't need capitalism any
         | more, as capitalism is just a resource allocation mechanism.
         | Til then, we probably do!
        
           | ta1243 wrote:
           | We've been post scarcity for "IP" for decades. The cost of
           | making 1 copy of Barbie the Movie is the same as 1 billion
           | copies.
        
             | robertlagrant wrote:
             | Well, copying and pasting has been made easy. But making it
             | is still hard - lots of resources to allocate there.
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | Making the first requires resources. Making a billion
               | copies doesn't.
               | 
               | Same in a world with a star trek replicator. Making the
               | first steak dinner requires resources, making the next
               | billion doesn't
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | As I say, copying and pasting has been made easy.
        
           | persnickety wrote:
           | We're post-scarcity regardig digital goods. It seems we might
           | not need capitalism for those goods any more, but it's still
           | sticking there.
        
             | margalabargala wrote:
             | We aren't, not yet, because those digital goods still have
             | an initial creation cost. Digital goods that people consume
             | are made by people.
             | 
             | Yes, they can be copied infinitely for free, but we're only
             | "post scarcity" if we never make anything else new.
             | 
             | With the advent of generative AI, we might just barely be
             | starting to be post scarcity in a couple narrow fields.
        
               | persnickety wrote:
               | I'll bite: we're post-scarcity for a lot of digital items
               | that are useful tools. Goods we need but don't have
               | exist, but I'm not even sure if they are the majority.
               | Existing music, videos, books cover a whole lot of what
               | humans might want - originals are the outcome of research
               | needs (niche) and trends (not niche). Existing software
               | tools are similar: new ones are needed to push boundaries
               | (niche) or mostly as a response to a changing legal
               | landscape (less niche).
               | 
               | On top of that, significant amounts of stuff are created
               | out of an internal need, and would get created
               | regardless.
               | 
               | One thing I'm sure about is that we're post-scarcity in
               | historical items, and we're nowhere past capitalism
               | there. Indeed, preservationists are hitting roadblocks
               | all the time.
        
               | margalabargala wrote:
               | You know, that's a fair point. I think there's a great
               | argument to be made that FOSS software in particular is
               | essentially post scarcity.
               | 
               | I'm not sure I'd say we're "post scarcity" for books and
               | other digital goods though. Sure, we have all the books
               | written until now, but I think there's an argument to be
               | made that a huge part of the utility of books is that
               | they are produced in near-real-time to discuss, address,
               | and reflect thecurrent state of society. As our society
               | grows and changes, books featuring the issues of the days
               | will always be desired. This falls into the "trends"
               | category you mentioned, but my point is more that I think
               | it's larger than you described.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | Volunteerism isn't "post-scarcity". If you're fed and
               | watered by providing value in a capitalist system, and
               | choose to spend your spare time volunteering, that's
               | great, but it's nothing utopian. Volunteerism is a free
               | choice of work in exchange for a price of PS0. That's
               | regular old capitalism at work.
               | 
               | If you could just generate energy out of the ether and
               | use it to materialise food and anything else you might
               | want, for example, that would be post-scarcity.
        
               | persnickety wrote:
               | I insist that it still is post-scarcity if you would
               | provide the same or greater (equivalent) value regardless
               | of the system.
               | 
               | While your definition might be elegant, it's too strict
               | to foster a useful conversation.
        
             | nightski wrote:
             | You can't look at one area of the economy in isolation.
             | It's all intertwined. The people creating digital goods
             | still need food, shelter, and housing. Things that are not
             | post-scarcity.
        
           | stcredzero wrote:
           | _As soon as we are post scarcity, we don 't need capitalism
           | any more_
           | 
           | If you compare agriculture 1000 years ago with agriculture
           | today, we're already in post scarcity. I suspect the game
           | theoretic mechanisms will keep it going for awhile yet.
        
             | skeeter2020 wrote:
             | As society levels-up, the definition of scarce will
             | continually expand as we confound wants with needs. I'm not
             | sure how in a world of infinite wants you can "out-
             | technology" resource demands.
        
             | orthecreedence wrote:
             | I don't know if we are post-scarcity. Our inputs to
             | agriculture (lots and lots of fossil fuels) are not post-
             | scarcity in any sense. Multiply by the scale of humanity
             | and it's difficult to argue we're post-scarcity in
             | agriculture. We might have more food than people to feed,
             | but that doesn't mean if nothing changed we'd be able to
             | sustain our level of production.
        
               | stcredzero wrote:
               | _Our inputs to agriculture (lots and lots of fossil
               | fuels) are not post-scarcity in any sense._
               | 
               | Yes, but our levels of productivity per-farmer would look
               | like utter Sci-fi to a medieval peasant, if they had a
               | notion of Sci-fi.
               | 
               | Also, by these standards, 1st world societies are fantasy
               | lands, where the even the poor are fat, and have magical
               | machines to keep food fresh, deliver music and
               | entertainment, wash clothes and dishes. (Not all, but
               | still.)
               | 
               | What we posit today as post-scarcity, will likely just
               | move the goal posts for scarcity.
        
           | bluescrn wrote:
           | Post-scarcity can't really happen on a very finite planet
           | with a huge and growing population.
           | 
           | Even if we had fully-automated systems providing plentify
           | food and water, we'd need some ssytem, likely capitalism, to
           | distribute still-scarce luxuries (e.g. beachfront property)
           | 
           | And if we had total post-scarcity (effectively infinite
           | energy and Star Trek style energy-to-matter replicators),
           | we'd just be fighting over scarce land as everyone fills up
           | all the space with replicated junk.
        
             | orthecreedence wrote:
             | Post-scarcity just means the rate of use is less than the
             | rate of renewal for all used resources. In a sense, hunter-
             | gatherers were "post-scarcity." The challenge is supporting
             | our modern quality of life at our scale of population. I
             | think enormous strides would need to be made (fusion energy
             | + matter synthesis, ie Star Trek replicators) in order to
             | achieve post-scarcity on a long enough timeline without
             | changing any of the other parameters.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | Well, not just that. Not everyone can have a house on the
               | beach. How do you allocate that resource?
        
               | orthecreedence wrote:
               | Ehhh, that one's self-regulating. Have you seen what
               | happens to houses next to the beach? They disintegrate at
               | alarming rates. Maintenance is a nightmare.
               | 
               | That said, removed from market forces, there a lot of
               | ways to allocate housing, such as some form of segmented
               | lottery or waitlist.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | Maintenance isn't a nightmare in a post-scarcity world.
        
           | r14c wrote:
           | More accurately, Capitalism is an ownership model. People
           | like to retcon all forms of market-based commerce as a kind
           | of "proto-capitalism", but that makes it hard to talk about
           | Capitalism as a distinct economic system. The main defining
           | feature of capital markets is their use of private property
           | as a tool for extracting profit from a market system. There
           | are useful and socially positive applications for capital,
           | but Capitalism places profit above all other concerns because
           | extracting profit is its function. Capitalism was born in
           | feudal Europe, and grew up during the colonial period and is,
           | factually, only 500 years old or so at most. Markets have
           | existed all over the world for literal thousands of years.
           | Capitalism tries really hard to pretend like they invented
           | something, but there's far more choice and affordability in
           | the free markets around the world than anything that has been
           | enclosed by the american financial system.
           | 
           | Then again, I don't subscribe to the notion of capitalist
           | realism. Aside from the exported violence used to impose and
           | sustain it, the model is flimsy and constantly in crisis.
        
           | failbuffer wrote:
           | We'll never be post-scarcity because humans can never reach a
           | state of sustained satisfaction.
        
         | ineptech wrote:
         | > a server farm aboard a ship that only sails in international
         | waters.
         | 
         | How would this help? If the server software is actually
         | trustworthy and the connection to it is e2ee then it really
         | doesn't matter where it runs. And if it isn't, this kind of
         | setup protects whoever owns it more than whoever rents space on
         | it.
        
         | chatmasta wrote:
         | There's something really cool about adding servers to a borg by
         | tossing them into the ocean. Imagine a solar powered buoy with
         | some compute and storage, with full connectivity to the
         | internet, just floating around in the ocean. And then imagine
         | millions of them all collectively forming a decentralized
         | cluster.
         | 
         | Maybe it's just me, but I think that'd be awesome! The limiting
         | factor is power efficiency and battery tech. Of course
         | maintenance would be a problem, but not with fault tolerant
         | clustering designs. And there's the ecological issues of
         | tossing hardware into the ocean, but at least there's no need
         | for a cooling system...
        
       | CYR1X wrote:
       | Wait, the paid tier of a service that has a free tier almost
       | never means they're stopping data collection at the free tier of
       | users. This article seems to confuse that with switch to a
       | different service provider that is paid only.
       | 
       | It then goes into self-hosted, but wait why don't you just pay
       | someone to self-host for you?
       | 
       | Bad article.
        
         | dangus wrote:
         | Yeah, there's a huge difference between (e.g.) ProtonMail and
         | "the new" Outlook.
         | 
         | Some companies sell their privacy policies as a feature. The
         | issue is that a lot of customers don't really care about that
         | feature and there's no strong regulation to protect them.
        
           | AJ007 wrote:
           | The problem is avoiding "surveillance capitalism" or even
           | generally "privacy" isn't a selling point for the mass
           | market.
           | 
           | Things which matter to people:
           | 
           | - Do you like moderators in a foreign country being paid $2
           | an hour reviewing your personal photos?
           | 
           | - Do you agree that your personal messages to a friend can be
           | retroactively edited if you sent something that was
           | "disinformation"?
           | 
           | - Would you like files on your computer's personal hard drive
           | copied in to a commercial cloud service and deleted locally
           | because you accidentally mis-read or mis-read on a single
           | pop-up message?
           | 
           | - Would you like to read advertisements and news articles
           | when launching your favorite application?
           | 
           | - Would you like those ads and news articles to become more
           | invasive over time based on which ones you looked at last
           | time?
           | 
           | - Would you like the owners of the app store you purchased
           | your favorite app from make more net profit from the sale
           | than the developer who built it?
           | 
           | - Would you like your favorite app to run differently than it
           | did yesterday, without choice or warning?
           | 
           | - Would you like your favorite app to no longer be usable or
           | downloadable because development ceased?
           | 
           | Even someone who broadcasts their personal life publicly,
           | with strong signals of their wealth and where they will be to
           | rob or kidnap them, will have issues with things in this
           | list.
        
             | pmontra wrote:
             | All of those points are unknown unknowns or minor
             | inconveniences to all of my non technical friends except
             | these two:
             | 
             | > - Would you like files on your computer's personal hard
             | drive copied in to a commercial cloud service and deleted
             | locally because you accidentally mis-read or mis-read on a
             | single pop-up message?
             | 
             | A friend of mine was bitten by this and One Drive (is that
             | the subject, right?) is really difficult to understand and
             | get right. I had to configure it on a server of a customer.
             | We needed a remote share and it does not behaves like that.
             | Nobody expects it to work in the way it works. There is
             | something wrong in all of its design and UX.
             | 
             | > Would you like your favorite app to no longer be usable
             | or downloadable because development ceased?
             | 
             | Another friend of mine is keeping her very old phone alive
             | because it's the only way to operate I don't remember what
             | (heating?) The app does not work with both new Android and
             | new iOS (she has both) so she has that old phone at home in
             | a drawer. I just refuse to buy anything that requires an
             | app to work. I want physical switches, knobs and displays
             | built into the device.
        
               | AJ007 wrote:
               | They are unknowns until they encounter them directly. As
               | Apple and Microsoft receive their revenue growth from
               | advertising and subscription services, they will all get
               | worse and encountered more frequently by more users.
               | 
               | I got a few 'what the fuck' messages from distant
               | contacts when they discovered that Facebook modified or
               | deleted messages, which they believed to be private. This
               | drove significant growth in Signal (which probably was
               | under or not reported.) I'm not sure if people don't
               | actually care about privacy/security, or rather they
               | don't really comprehend how this stuff works.
        
           | JohnFen wrote:
           | > The issue is that a lot of customers don't really care
           | about that feature
           | 
           | Another issue is that a lot of people simply don't believe
           | what companies say in privacy policies, with some
           | justification.
        
       | gumballindie wrote:
       | > Self-hosting, but as a service
       | 
       | This is the way. As more and more ai is adopted, company and
       | private data becomes more exposed. Businesses' intelligence
       | getting stolen and shared with others is a no go for many
       | rational business people. Self hosting is the way if you wish to
       | keep your secrets. People too - you don't want your personal
       | pictures, emails, and messages leaking into someone's prompt.
        
         | JohnFen wrote:
         | It's not the way for me. If I'm being hosted on someone else's
         | machine, then I'm still at the mercy of some company somewhere.
         | It's not "self-hosting" in any sense that has value to me.
        
       | hnthrowaway0328 wrote:
       | I wonder what if people start to send 10x garbage data.
        
         | autoexec wrote:
         | Surveillance capitalism doesn't care at all about the accuracy
         | of the data that they have. There is literally no such thing as
         | "garbage data" to data brokers. It's all just data, and all of
         | it is valuable.
         | 
         | That's why projects that claim to "pollute" your browsing
         | history like RuinMyHistory, noiszy, adnauseam, and TrackMeNot
         | are not only pointless but also dangerous.
         | 
         | The data being collected about you will always be used against
         | you, no matter if it is accurate or not. If your browser
         | randomly browses to webpages that gets "this person is a
         | muslim" or "this person is gay" added to your dossier it
         | doesn't matter if it's true or not, when your next would-be
         | employer or would-be landlord who hates muslims or gay people
         | uses a data broker for "background checking" and sees that,
         | you're not getting the job/apartment. They won't tell you why,
         | you'll just be rejected/ghosted.
         | 
         | If you're a 40 year old man, but your browser add-on convinces
         | a data broker that you're a 34 year old woman seeking an
         | abortion, that data can still cause you end up the target of a
         | lawsuit in Texas and it will take a non-zero amount of time and
         | money to clear that up.
         | 
         | If someone in your zip code kills someone using a certain type
         | of plant, or household cleaner/chemical, or medication and your
         | add-on has been browsing sites about that thing, you can end up
         | on the police's suspect list.
         | 
         | If you only make $30,000 a year but your add-on searches for
         | yachts and expensive jewelry often enough to convince a data
         | broker that you've got tons of money then it doesn't matter
         | that the data is wrong, the next time you try to book a hotel
         | or order something online you can still be charged a lot more
         | than you would have been charged otherwise.
         | 
         | Handing extra fake data to people whose only goal is to use
         | data against you is just handing them more ammunition. It
         | doesn't matter if it's "garbage" to you, it's still something
         | they can and will eventually use against you. You cannot know
         | what will prejudice someone against you. The more data is in
         | your dossier, the more opportunity there is that you'll meet
         | the right (or wrong) criteria.
         | 
         | No data broker is going to look over your dossier and see that
         | there's inconsistencies and go "Damn it! This genius has ruined
         | my data! Now I have to throw all this data away as it is now
         | worthless!" They aren't even going to look over your dossier.
         | They're going to get paid to hand over a list of people flagged
         | as being 'X' and your name/address/identity will show up along
         | with everyone else flagged as being 'X' even if your name gets
         | pulled up again when someone else pays that same data broker
         | for 'Y' which is the opposite of 'X'. The data broker gets paid
         | either way.
        
           | l33t7332273 wrote:
           | > Surveillance capitalism doesn't care at all about the
           | accuracy of the data that they have
           | 
           | It's clear and obvious that they do. If the data was made up,
           | they wouldn't be able to serve effective ads.
           | 
           | > If you're a 40 year old man, but your browser add-on
           | convinces a data broker that you're a 34 year old woman
           | seeking an abortion, that data can still cause you end up the
           | target of a lawsuit in Texas and it will take a non-zero
           | amount of time and money to clear that up
           | 
           | This situation would absolutely never happen, and I think
           | it's blatant fear mongering.
        
             | margalabargala wrote:
             | > This situation would absolutely never happen, and I think
             | it's blatant fear mongering.
             | 
             | On the contrary, Texas in particular has gone out if its
             | way to incentivize its citizens reporting other citizens
             | for getting abortions. The law in that state creates an
             | incentive for someone with the ability to do this, to do
             | so.
             | 
             | What's special about the situation in Texas right now where
             | humans at large will not follow the incentives placed in
             | front of them for the first time in human history?
        
               | l33t7332273 wrote:
               | > Texas in particular has gone out if its way to
               | incentivize its citizens reporting other citizens for
               | getting abortions
               | 
               | That's true, but if you, a biological man, were sued for
               | having an abortion, this would be immediately thrown out.
               | Indeed, even civil suits with their lower standard of
               | evidence require more than a simple search history from
               | data brokers.
        
               | Sponge5 wrote:
               | Could you please specify the incentives you speak of? Are
               | they material?
        
               | ncallaway wrote:
               | Texas has created a private right of action to sue for
               | damages of $10,000.
               | 
               | That is, if I know my neighbor performed an abortion, I
               | can personally sue them, and get $10,000 (plus attorneys
               | fees).
               | 
               | So, the answer to your question depends on if you define
               | $10,000 as material or not.
        
             | autoexec wrote:
             | > If the data was made up, they wouldn't be able to serve
             | effective ads.
             | 
             | The data being collected about you isn't about advertising.
             | It's used for an ever increasing number of things that
             | impact your real life including things like how much you
             | get charged when you buy things, what services you're told
             | exist or are eligible for, how long you get left on hold,
             | what policies a company will tell you they have, and who
             | will hire you. The data being collected about you can be
             | used against you by police, or in courtrooms, and in
             | custody/divorce hearings.
             | 
             | Even when the data is used for advertising (along with scam
             | attempts, the manipulation of your opinion, and political
             | propaganda) "effectiveness" is a very uncertain thing. No
             | one expects that everyone they target with a campaign will
             | bite. The effectiveness and accuracy of targeted ads isn't
             | exactly certain to begin with.
             | 
             | > With just one parameter - gender - the data is only 42%
             | accurate. That is less accurate than if you just did "spray
             | and pray" with no targeting at all -- i.e. you would have
             | still hit the right gender 50% of the time. With two
             | parameters - gender plus age - the accuracy is down to an
             | average of 24%. Some data brokers were far worse, with
             | single digit percent accuracy. Third party profiling of
             | audiences is so inaccurate, it's better to save your money
             | and do "spray and pray" instead.
             | (https://www.forbes.com/sites/augustinefou/2021/04/19/ad-
             | rele...)
        
           | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
           | All of these -- barring illegal discrimination -- are actual
           | problems that will come to light when it turns out the
           | information is incorrect.
           | 
           | > If you're a 40 year old man, but your browser add-on
           | convinces a data broker that you're a 34 year old woman
           | seeking an abortion, that data can still cause you end up the
           | target of a lawsuit in Texas and it will take a non-zero
           | amount of time and money to clear that up.
           | 
           | It will make the data broker look bad when the prosecutor
           | finds out that they fabricated my abortion. It might be
           | annoying and stressful for me but I'm sure I'll get through
           | it. It seems like I would have the same response to
           | everything except the illegal discrimination as mentioned. If
           | this is the result of me running the extension, I only see
           | upsides.
        
             | timmytokyo wrote:
             | Good luck trying to figure out why your rental or
             | employment application was denied.
        
             | autoexec wrote:
             | > All of these -- barring illegal discrimination -- are
             | actual problems that will come to light when it turns out
             | the information is incorrect.
             | 
             | If I need a hotel and the place I'm booking decides to
             | change me more than they would have otherwise because
             | they're mistaken about my finances, I'm still getting
             | charged more. None of that comes to light.
             | 
             | When a store tells me that their return policy is "next day
             | only, with receipt" but they tell the next person in line
             | it's "30 days no questions asked" all because their
             | "consumer reputation service" told them I was unreliable
             | when I'm not, I'm still stuck with their shitty return
             | policy for "bad" customers. None of that will ever come to
             | light.
             | 
             | When my health insurance company jacks up my premiums
             | because a data broker told them that I've been spending
             | more time at fast food restaurants, I'm never told that's
             | what happened, I just get a bigger bill. Nothing ever comes
             | to light.
             | 
             | When the police arrest me and question me because of my
             | search history, _maybe_ the truth comes to light, but not
             | without significant costs to me.
             | 
             | Most of the time when people use the data that's been
             | collected about you as a result of surveillance capitalism
             | you have no idea that it even happened or why. You're just
             | charged more money than you would have been, or you aren't
             | offered opportunities you would have been given, or you're
             | just rejected for something you wanted, etc. Nobody tells
             | you why. There's not an investigation into how it happened.
             | There is no transparency and there is zero accountability
             | for errors.
             | 
             | > It will make the data broker look bad when the prosecutor
             | finds out that they fabricated my abortion.
             | 
             | When have you _ever_ heard of a data broker taking a huge
             | hit to their reputation because they have inaccurate data?
             | It doesn 't happen. What data broker has a great reputation
             | in the first place? Everyone using data brokers knows that
             | the data is not 100% reliable. It doesn't matter. It's
             | usually just a numbers game. Even when it's only for an
             | advertisement, they know that not everyone they're
             | targeting is going to buy something. That doesn't matter to
             | them as long as some percentage does.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | Do we know whether any of this stuff is actually
               | happening, in reality, to actual people, based on some IP
               | address's history of clicking ads? Any concrete examples
               | you can link to?
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | Data brokers get their information from all kinds of
               | sources. There is no complete breakdown on where it all
               | comes from in every instance that the data is used, part
               | of the problem with surveillance capitalism is that there
               | is zero transparency and near zero accountability, but
               | yes, data brokers do collect your browsing history and
               | that includes what ads you view/click
               | 
               | As for examples of that data being used "in reality, to
               | actual people" you might find some good info in these
               | links:
               | 
               | Employers and landlords using data brokers for
               | hiring/rental decisions:
               | 
               | https://nypost.com/2022/12/20/how-employers-spy-on-your-
               | sear...
               | 
               | https://privacy.com/blog/what-are-data-brokers
               | 
               | https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-
               | releases/2014/04/...
               | 
               | https://www.fastcompany.com/90269688/high-tech-redlining-
               | ai-...
               | 
               | Health insurance companies:
               | 
               | https://www.npr.org/sections/health-
               | shots/2018/07/17/6294415...
               | 
               | https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-data-brokers-selling-
               | your-p...
               | 
               | Police:
               | 
               | https://www.newamerica.org/oti/articles/how-data-brokers-
               | and...
               | 
               | https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/google-tracked-his-
               | bike...
               | 
               | https://cdt.org/wp-
               | content/uploads/2021/12/2021-12-08-Legal-...
               | 
               | https://www.eff.org/pages/atlas-surveillance
               | 
               | Store prices, return policies, and hold times:
               | 
               | https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/mac-
               | users-pa...
               | 
               | https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/04/business/secret-
               | consumer-...
               | 
               | Keep in mind that this is a rapidly growing space. Travel
               | sites, retailers, even grocery stores have been looking
               | into how to use this kind of data to set the prices of
               | their goods on an individual basis to make sure that they
               | can squeeze as much money out of you as possible. The
               | main thing holding them back so far is that consumers
               | view discriminatory pricing as unfair, but they've been
               | working hard for a long time to change that view. If you
               | happen to find a place that requires you to scan a QR
               | code to see prices or get a menu, you might want to check
               | with the people around you to make sure everyone is
               | paying the same price.
               | 
               | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41272-019-0022
               | 4-3
        
           | irq-1 wrote:
           | > when your next would-be employer or would-be landlord ...
           | uses a data broker for "background checking"
           | 
           | Knowing an SSN (US Social Security Number) was used like a
           | password by banks and all kinds of organizations, but not
           | anymore. Things change, albeit slowly, when society
           | acknowledges mistakes. All of your examples rely on the data
           | buyer trusting its accuracy. If enough people pollute the
           | data, then it'll have no value. The data brokers won't be
           | able to sell it because society will know that its garbage.
        
             | autoexec wrote:
             | > All of your examples rely on the data buyer trusting its
             | accuracy.
             | 
             | Pretty much everyone knows that the data is filled with
             | inaccurate information. As much as 40% of it may be wrong
             | (see https://joindeleteme.com/blog/incognito-
             | september-2023-data-... for more info).
             | 
             | The vast majority of the time, the people buying the data
             | know it isn't 100% accurate and they also don't care.
             | They're usually not looking at individuals, they're looking
             | at large groups of people who (probably) meet whatever
             | criteria they've set. If they get it wrong a bunch of times
             | who cares as long as the other times it works. Better than
             | chance is good enough for them.
             | 
             | Data brokers can always count on there being some people
             | who are misled into thinking that their data is far more
             | accurate than it is. They're trying to convince everyone
             | right now that AI is the golden solution that makes them
             | super trustworthy compared to their previous failings.
             | Tomorrow it'll probably be "quantum something" or "super
             | surveillance" or some other gimmick. They really don't have
             | to care. They'll always be able to sell their stuff.
             | 
             | Data brokers will always have the police and the government
             | buying up their data too because the government is happy to
             | just suck up everything they can and will figure it all out
             | later. They aren't concerned with accuracy either. That's
             | how people get arrested for just riding their bike past
             | houses that got robbed. They can make all the mistakes they
             | want and it doesn't hurt them any, even when it's a huge
             | problem for the people caught up by lazy policing.
             | 
             | I promise you that no browser add-on is going to collapse
             | the targeted ad industry or bring an end to surveillance
             | capitalism. Giving people more data to use against you is a
             | bad idea.
        
           | teeray wrote:
           | If the accuracy of the data are not intrinsic to their value,
           | then data brokers could literally just manufacture data. "Is
           | this person X?" _flips coin_ "yes!" Who are you to say
           | otherwise? We have a vast network of blah blah data sources
           | and advanced AI inferencing. They would absolutely do this if
           | they could get away with it because it is _dramatically_
           | cheaper.
           | 
           | Targeted ads exist. People find them "creepy," which implies
           | that they are targeted based on factual data. Therefore, we
           | know that data brokers are taking the more expensive route
           | and collecting factual data (or striving to). They would not
           | do this without a profit motive. Perhaps their data are being
           | compared with a competitor's to enforce quality... we don't
           | really know. But we know that they value the quality of their
           | data because their customers do. Consequently, it must be the
           | case that deliberately polluting their data devalues their
           | product and erodes their business model over time.
        
             | autoexec wrote:
             | > If the accuracy of the data are not intrinsic to their
             | value, then data brokers could literally just manufacture
             | data. "Is this person X?" flips coin "yes!" Who are you to
             | say otherwise? We have a vast network of blah blah data
             | sources and advanced AI inferencing. They would absolutely
             | do this if they could get away with it because it is
             | dramatically cheaper.
             | 
             | Yes they could, and I suspect that some actually do stuff
             | dossiers with total fabrications. The accuracy of the data
             | being collected and the targeting itself is known to be
             | very questionable(see
             | https://joindeleteme.com/blog/incognito-
             | september-2023-data-... and
             | https://www.forbes.com/sites/augustinefou/2021/04/19/ad-
             | rele... and https://news.ncsu.edu/2022/03/new-study-
             | reveals-why-facebook... and
             | https://www.forbes.com/sites/augustinefou/2021/05/05/why-
             | is-...) and I don't know a single person who feels like
             | every ad they see is relevant to them.
             | 
             | Measuring the effectiveness of advertising has always been
             | difficult. Targeted ads can be very effective at times, and
             | at others do no better (or worse) than chance. The many
             | clear failures of targeted advertising hasn't hurt the
             | industry though and it isn't likely to either. Now
             | companies are advertising AI as the new thing to increase
             | their accuracy. How well that works for them remains to be
             | seen.
        
       | smeej wrote:
       | I really thought this article was going to offer a _solution,_
       | not just enumerate the problems. I 'm already all too familiar
       | with the problems.
       | 
       | I like what Umbrel[0] is doing. They're essentially expecting
       | that just like computing was able to move from centralized
       | mainframes to homes, servers are poised to make the same
       | migration.
       | 
       | I think they really need to solve redundancy, though. If I'm to
       | self-host anything important on a home server, I need to know
       | I'll have some way to use it even if my home server fails,
       | especially if I'm not at home when it happens.
       | 
       | I'd love to see some kind of system where I could partner up with
       | other Umbrel users for backups/the ability to restore
       | connectivity. If I knew that in an emergency, I could call my
       | friend in town or my brother out of state and there was _some_
       | procedure that would allow me to connect to an encrypted backup
       | of what I 'm needing, I would feel a lot better about taking
       | responsibility for my own system.
       | 
       | [0] https://umbrel.com
        
         | pcstl wrote:
         | Is Umbrel just actually usable Urbit? [0]
         | 
         | [0] https://urbit.org/
        
           | smeej wrote:
           | No, I don't think so. I think it's closer to "a plug-and-play
           | computer for self-hostable apps, running locally, with most
           | things configured so you're reasonably secure and you don't
           | have to guess about everything."
        
         | cabalamat wrote:
         | > I think they really need to solve redundancy
         | 
         | They could offer a service that backs up your local Umbrel
         | server to their central servers. This would provide reassurance
         | that your data is backed up, and give them a revenue stream.
        
           | cl3misch wrote:
           | Or an append-only, E2EE backup to another Umbrel at e.g. your
           | parents house?
        
         | pants2 wrote:
         | Running servers at home is surprisingly easy, especially if you
         | have a good ISP. With AT&T Fiber, you can get 5Gbps symmetric
         | internet with dedicated IPs at $3/mo each. With a few
         | threadripper servers and a basic UPS and you have the setup for
         | a real serious home datacenter. I just haven't solved the off-
         | site data backup part of it, yet.
        
           | ebb_earl_co wrote:
           | Where are you that that level of connectivity is available!?
        
             | agilob wrote:
             | My take on it: It doesn't really matter at that level tbh.
             | I used to chase that level of connectivity until covid
             | happened. I was working from home on am ADSL with 37mbps
             | download, 10mbps upload. I didn't use much internet at home
             | before 2023 so I always had the cheapest broadband plan.
             | Then I started WFH and the same for my partner and I had a
             | homelab. My ISP offered me 150mbps for just PS3 more per
             | month, and then I realised... I don't really need it? I was
             | just fine with the same broadband plan from 2015. I changed
             | my location a few times, taking my homelab with me, I moved
             | cities and countries, I'm still using the same DDNS service
             | and as long as my 80 and 443 ports are open, I can transfer
             | anything at any time to and from my network. It's 2023 and
             | I'm still using the cheapest plan my ISP offers, the same
             | hardware since ~2018 and I'm just fine with that. I run
             | k3s, a few docker services, network-wide adblocker,
             | monitoring in grafana and many more etc. Everything works
             | just fine.
             | 
             | Don't fall into the meme that you need IBM or HP server
             | class hardware and 5Gbps fibre to run a homelab. I used to
             | have IBM 3650x with +200Gb of RAM that I sold and bought 3x
             | RPi4. I'm currently backing up 600Gib from my other
             | servers, and it's completely fine that it will take a few
             | days and nights -\\(tsu)/- It's a hobby, I'm not paid for
             | it, I'm not paid to maintain 99.999%, it's OK if it's not
             | the best shit on /r/homelab
        
             | BrianHenryIE wrote:
             | I just looked it up and it's available for me in Sacramento
             | for $225/month
             | 
             | > Single-device wired speed maximum 4.7Gbps.
             | 
             | https://www.att.com/buy/broadband/availability.html?product
             | _...
        
           | agilob wrote:
           | Two things I want to try this month are:
           | 
           | https://mastodon.social/@chromakode/110936177254839251
           | 
           | https://rsnapshot.org/
        
           | gumballindie wrote:
           | If your ISP is not reliable then a VPS or dedicated (budget
           | permitted) are good alternatives. Install docker, and an
           | office suite, file manager, pihole, and you're good to go.
           | Takes minutes. No need for thread rippers either. Mine's a
           | low spec nuc alternative. Does wonders.
        
             | l33t7332273 wrote:
             | Minutes is a big stretch if it's your first time.
        
               | gumballindie wrote:
               | All it takes is docker compose up -d. But yes, it can
               | take even hours if there's no prior experience. Worth the
               | cost I reckon.
               | 
               | Edit: turns out umbrel is even easier to install. Suppose
               | that and a trusted remote webdav install will serve most
               | storage and file management needs.
        
               | l33t7332273 wrote:
               | I agree that the steps themselves are quick, but figuring
               | out what all needs done is the tricky bit.
        
           | baby_souffle wrote:
           | > especially if you have a good ISP.
           | 
           | So almost nobody in the US or Canada then... I get 800/20 for
           | ~140/month, including the $30/month fee for "unlimited" data.
           | My other choices are starlink or DSL which are a fraction of
           | the bandwith or speed.
           | 
           | I self-host everything that's "home-only" at home but use
           | syncthing, rsync and a few other thing to replicate important
           | data to a mix of S3, backblaze, google drive and some PVs
           | attached to a hosted k8s cluster.
           | 
           | It works well enough.
        
             | doubled112 wrote:
             | Canada is vast, and it definitely causes pain, not that I'm
             | excusing it for the ISPs.
             | 
             | A Bell 1.5Gbps/940Mbps FTTH connection is $120 without a
             | deal if you're in an area it is available, but then you go
             | three blocks down the road and all you can get is a 300/30
             | cable connection for $90.
             | 
             | A little further down that road, and maybe only DSL or
             | Starlink is available.
        
           | JohnFen wrote:
           | > I just haven't solved the off-site data backup part of it,
           | yet.
           | 
           | My solution to this is to partner up with a couple of good
           | friends who also run their own servers. We all hold backups
           | for each other.
        
         | pmontra wrote:
         | The real solution is in the last section "Beyond tech". Don't
         | hold your breath though.
         | 
         | The only viable solutions today are true self host or what they
         | call self hosting as a service, by selecting a trusted
         | provider. However all the big names in tech were trusted
         | providers at some point of their history, so good luck with
         | that.
        
         | RussianCow wrote:
         | > I'd love to see some kind of system where I could partner up
         | with other Umbrel users for backups/the ability to restore
         | connectivity. If I knew that in an emergency, I could call my
         | friend in town or my brother out of state and there was some
         | procedure that would allow me to connect to an encrypted backup
         | of what I'm needing, I would feel a lot better about taking
         | responsibility for my own system.
         | 
         | I'm working on self-hosting my own "personal cloud" (NextCloud
         | with a few other services), and I strongly debated just getting
         | an Umbrel, but this is what kept me from doing so. Instead, I'm
         | going the DIY route with two machines, one in my house and one
         | at my parents', and we're each going to have data replicated
         | across both machines and encrypted at rest.
         | 
         | If Umbrel offered this out of the box, I would probably just
         | use that to save me the time.
        
           | Helmut10001 wrote:
           | Doing this for the last 7 years, too. One server at my
           | parents, one at my home. Connected via IPSEC. I just migrated
           | to ZFS on my offsite backup, too - this is just perfect with
           | syncoid/sanoid atomatic backups and zfs-pull of dataset. Fine
           | grained security but robust at the same time. It is the first
           | time I feel reasonable safe regarding the "worst" that can
           | happen.
        
             | _a_a_a_ wrote:
             | How close geographically are you and your parents - are you
             | fed off the same electricity supply?
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | Thinking of EMPs or Carrington events?
        
               | _a_a_a_ wrote:
               | More like an electricity area-distribution fail. If it
               | were EMP or a really major solar event, you probably have
               | bigger concerns.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | The solution in the article is self-hosting as a service. You
         | rent a VM in a data center, where servers belong, to host your
         | stuff.
         | 
         | Backups also seem like a mostly solved problem; there's plenty
         | of software that can back up a server to your own cloud storage
         | account.
        
           | RussianCow wrote:
           | > You rent a VM in a data center, where servers belong, to
           | host your stuff.
           | 
           | If you rent from an actual data center, you pay for a ton of
           | stuff you don't really need for personal backups. If your
           | home internet goes out and you can't access your personal
           | cloud for a bit, it's likely not a big deal, so you don't
           | need the level of redundancy that a data center gives you. On
           | the flip side, the premium you pay for professionally hosted
           | storage is enormous compared to buying a hard drive.
        
             | wmf wrote:
             | IMO the solution is cheaper, crappier data centers. OVH and
             | Hetzner are most of the way there but there's probably more
             | savings possible.
             | 
             | Local storage is free or cheap with VMs so I don't see that
             | as a problem.
        
               | RussianCow wrote:
               | I priced this out somewhat recently, and the lowest price
               | I could get renting a server with >=2TB of storage is
               | $11/month using the OVH Eco line, and that's without ECC
               | (which I consider to be non-negotiable), FS-level
               | compression (IIRC you can't change file systems with
               | OVH), or redundancy in case the server/disk fails. I'm
               | currently working on a DIY setup with two nodes equipped
               | with 8GB ECC memory, 2TB of storage (with Btrfs
               | compression to get even more storage out of it), and
               | considerably more processing power than the OVH servers.
               | My total up front cost is going to be about $400, with an
               | estimated $25/year in electricity. The most comparable
               | OVH offering would cost $403 in the first year (with RAID
               | but without a second node), so my DIY solution basically
               | pays for itself after that, and I can upgrade the
               | hardware anytime I want.
               | 
               | Of course, there is an obvious argument to be made that
               | my time is worth more than the cost savings, but I've
               | been learning a lot so I instead consider it a free
               | education. :)
        
           | smeej wrote:
           | Oh I thought they were talking about SHaaS as a "solution"
           | that _doesn 't_ really solve the problems, because you're
           | either trusting the hosts not to decrypt and use your data,
           | or you're encrypting it, which has all the drawbacks of key
           | management.
           | 
           | I hope we'll eventually be able to use some of the key
           | storage/backup solutions being developed mostly in the
           | cryptocurrency sphere. Like, multiparty computation (MPC) is
           | agnostic to the type of key being created, and some of the
           | social recovery methods being tested could be applied to
           | parts of the key. Being able to protect your key from loss
           | but also from theft is a hard problem they're highly
           | incentivized to solve (and other people are highly
           | incentivized to test/break).
        
             | wmf wrote:
             | These concerns are overblown. Unless you're a criminal,
             | nobody's looking inside your VM. Heck, AWS can't access VMs
             | (of course it's Internet cool to not believe this).
        
               | thinkmassive wrote:
               | > Unless you're a criminal, nobody's looking inside your
               | VM.
               | 
               | > Heck, AWS can't access VMs (of course it's Internet
               | cool to not believe this).
               | 
               | Do the VMs only let someone in if they're running a
               | criminal workload, or how does it work?
        
               | smeej wrote:
               | Nobody's a criminal, until they are.
               | 
               | I wonder what it would be like to hold no opinions that
               | you could ever imagine becoming controversial enough to
               | get you flagged for investigation of some kind. I live in
               | an intensely polarized country (U.S.), so it's actually
               | hard for me to imagine caring about _anything_ with any
               | level of passion that one party or the other (heck, or
               | both) wouldn 't eventually want to put me on a watchlist
               | for.
               | 
               | What's it like to have that much trust in the ongoing
               | goodwill of other people?
        
         | bawana wrote:
         | synology has this with their NASes. Makes spinning up your own
         | private cloud simple.
        
         | FloatArtifact wrote:
         | Unfortunately I see nothing about backing up and restoring apps
         | data
        
       | SushiHippie wrote:
       | My 2cts about Nextcloud and why *I* think it's not viable as an
       | alternative for the average user:
       | 
       | I host my own nextcloud since a few years.
       | 
       | I mostly use it as an alternative for google photos/icloud
       | photos, basically backing up all the images from my smartphone.
       | 
       | Hosting the instance is one thing, but setting up the automatic
       | upload on your phone is another thing.
       | 
       | The automatic photo upload feature in the official nextcloud app
       | is most of the time broken and slow. And on iOS you need to keep
       | the nextcloud app open and the screen unlocked, otherwise it
       | won't upload.
       | 
       | That's why I use FolderSync on Android, but I don't think the
       | average user wouldn't want to set this up and might even
       | misconfigure it, which could just delete all images.
       | 
       | And Nextcloud itself is just very slow. With google photos you
       | can just scroll through thousands of images and easily find the
       | image you took 3 years ago.
       | 
       | If i do this in nextcloud, I already had the following stuff
       | happen:
       | 
       | - Your browser freezes
       | 
       | - The Nextcloud server (php-fpm in my case) OOMs (it used around
       | 15-20G of RAM)
       | 
       | (The OOMs also often happen when syncing with FolderSync.)
       | 
       | I definitely wouldn't recommend it as a google photos
       | alternative.
       | 
       | I'm not complaining as I didn't pay a penny for nextcloud itself
       | (only the cost for the dedicated server I rent). And I still use
       | it, as there is no better alternative.
       | 
       | But for the "mass" there is no convenient and comparable
       | alternative to the "surveillance capitalism" services.
       | 
       | Nextcloud is good enough for me, as its the only viabke option,
       | but IMO it doesn't cut it for leaving the other services at
       | scale.
        
         | pricechild wrote:
         | You're not wrong.
         | 
         | Have you tried https://apps.nextcloud.com/apps/memories - it
         | solves all of my issues with photo management in nextcloud.
         | (Together with the recognise app) I don't see why they haven't
         | replaced the default photos app with this already...
         | 
         | I think improving the photos experience would have the biggest
         | impact on home users, but nextcloud certainly seems to be
         | chasing the enterprise/gov market in the EU? I'm not
         | complaining!
        
           | SushiHippie wrote:
           | Yes, this makes it at least usable, without it it is even
           | worse.
           | 
           | But it is still worse compared to google photos/icloud
           | photos/etc.
           | 
           | The issues I described above also happened with memories.
           | 
           | I think improving performance and memory usage in their
           | webdav implementation would, by far, have the biggest impact.
           | 
           | Nextcloud is a fork of Owncloud, and Owncloud did the right
           | thing to move away from php for the webdav implementation,
           | though they are now rewriting it once again, which I don't
           | really like, as they store the files and all information in
           | some binary format.
        
         | the_pwner224 wrote:
         | I switched from Nextcloud to Syncthing a while ago. ST is a
         | plain file syncing program, like Dropbox, but distributed P2P
         | (you can have a server running it as an always-on node). I sync
         | the Camera & Screenshots folder on my phone to my computer &
         | server. If you have multiple phones add the folder on each
         | phone. It's bidirectional so photos you take or files you add
         | will show up on all devices. It works much better than
         | Nextcloud, and admin/maintenance/setup are all much easier.
         | 
         | For calendar & contacts sync I use Radicale. Syncthing with a
         | regular shared folder + camera folder + screenshots folder
         | combined with Radicale covers everything that I used Nextcloud
         | for.
         | 
         | However this is all on your devices, there's no web interface
         | to access your files from other devices.
        
           | SushiHippie wrote:
           | > However this is all on your devices, there's no web
           | interface to access your files from other devices.
           | 
           | I tried Syncthing and it worked really well and it was fast.
           | But I definitely want to have a webui, like Nextcloud, that's
           | why this is sadly not an alternative for me.
           | 
           | (Though I use syncthing now for other stuff, where I don't
           | need web access)
        
             | jw_cook wrote:
             | If your main use case for a web UI is browsing photos, have
             | you considered a self-hosted photo gallery like PhotoPrism,
             | Immich, or Lychee?
             | 
             | I'm in a similar boat, where I use NextCloud but really
             | wish there was a better option (especially for mobile photo
             | sync). Syncthing + Photoprism is currently at the top of my
             | list of possible viable alternatives.
        
           | sureglymop wrote:
           | Since this is about privacy, do note that syncthing relies on
           | a discovery server to find peers on the internet. You should
           | probably run your own public discovery server if you care
           | about privacy and want to seriously use it outside of your
           | home network.
        
         | vishnumohandas wrote:
         | > there is no better alternative
         | 
         | If your primary device is Android, please check out Ente[1].
         | 
         | We are an E2EE alternative to Google Photos. We had launched on
         | HN[2] a while ago, and have been working towards feature
         | parity. We aren't "there" yet, but hope to soon be.
         | 
         | If you've any feedback, please share it with vishnu@ente.io,
         | I'd be grateful!
         | 
         | [1]: https://ente.io
         | 
         | [2]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28347439
        
         | eks391 wrote:
         | I currently use nextcloud, but while I was deciding my
         | infrastructure, I also tried syncthing. I'd recommend trying it
         | out since your preferences make me think it may be a better fit
         | for you. Its pretty painless to set up, auto syncs based on
         | your preferences. I dont know how fast it is, since I only used
         | it for trivial testing purposes while deciding which to use,
         | but I'd say worth comparing.
        
       | adolph wrote:
       | I think anything done "at Scale" eventually resembles
       | "Surveillance Capitalism" since most of the advantage of what is
       | often referred to as "Capitalism" is people finding valuable uses
       | for the refuse of others.
       | 
       | An alternative more practical guide is Derek Siver's "Tech
       | Independence" which as other's have noted has many dependencies.
       | 
       | https://sive.rs/ti
        
       | tomxor wrote:
       | > Data can become irrecoverable
       | 
       | This seems to be becoming less and less of a drawback when
       | compared to Google where exactly the same things can happen when
       | people seem to get arbitrarily banned from their account with no
       | recourse. Not to mention the recent push for passwordless keys
       | that can be lost with the device.
       | 
       | Sounds like it would be better if anything because at least you
       | have to pay for the data hosting, and so being encrypted there's
       | no way for them to block you for entirely opaque policies or
       | decide one day that their abuse heuristics don't like you any
       | more.
       | 
       | In reality the primary friction to adoption with any of this
       | entirely plausible tech is inertia. It's going to take something
       | colossal fuck up to convince even a large minority to bother
       | using non-free alternatives.
        
       | siliconc0w wrote:
       | As a possible solution we can decouple data storage from data
       | services. For data that doesn't need expensive computation, we
       | can further decouple key owners from data storage. Users always
       | own their data, they can choose which data services, storage, or
       | key manager to use and they should all interoperate.
       | 
       | This is already a pretty common pattern in the cloud, just the
       | same business entity owns all three. You basically need
       | legislation that says business entities must interoperate with
       | different data storage or key providers.
       | 
       | So you can subscribe to gmail from google and they store your
       | data in Amazon or maybe EFF's data storage provider. You can then
       | get fine-grained audit trail of how and when your data is
       | accessed.
       | 
       | We can then come up with standard rules like maybe your data is
       | only accessible without your end-user credential (i.e your
       | computer+password) for law enforcement or limited operational
       | activities described by the provider and approved by you(or your
       | delegate).
        
       | caseysoftware wrote:
       | I've used https://adnauseam.io/ for years. It's great.
       | 
       | First, it hides (most of) the ads making the internet more
       | tolerable. Then it "opens" them in memory and clicks on ALL of
       | them making your profile worthless.
       | 
       | The last time I pulled up my Google profile, it said I was a
       | 18-99yo, both male and female, and was interested in EVERY topic
       | they listed.
       | 
       | It works in both Brave and Chrome but isn't available in the
       | Chrome Extension Store for some reason.. ;)
        
         | guilamu wrote:
         | More importantly it's available for Firefox.
        
         | gear54rus wrote:
         | Can you share the link where you've seen your profile. I wanna
         | see if AdNauseam is as effective on my side.
        
           | caseysoftware wrote:
           | https://myadcenter.google.com/ and
           | https://myaccount.google.com/data-and-privacy will show the
           | stuff they share
        
         | daed wrote:
         | I'd love to use this but is there any risk that this will get
         | Google to flag me as a bot/malicious? I wanna make sure I can
         | still pass captchas and don't screw anything up for testing on
         | my dev machine.
        
           | caseysoftware wrote:
           | I have not experienced this in any form and I build security,
           | bot detection, and similar products.
        
         | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
         | > isn't available in the Chrome Extension Store for some reason
         | 
         | Obviously it's because "An extension should have a single
         | purpose that is clear to users..."[0]. Given how "questionable"
         | the reason is, I can't really think of a better endorsement.
         | 
         | 0: https://adnauseam.io/free-adnauseam.html
        
         | kyrofa wrote:
         | I hadn't heard of this, thank you! I'm giving it a shot now.
        
         | autoexec wrote:
         | > I've used https://adnauseam.io/ for years. It's great.
         | 
         | No it isn't great. It's stupid and dangerous. It does _nothing_
         | to make your data  "worthless". You're only giving data brokers
         | and the people who use them more highly valuable data to use
         | against you. Please see my comment here:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39043547#39044239
        
           | l33t7332273 wrote:
           | Making the data inaccurate absolutely makes it worthless;
           | it's worth is in its accuracy.
        
             | autoexec wrote:
             | Data brokers do not care about how accurate their data is.
             | At all. Not even a little. It's highly valuable to them no
             | matter how inaccurate it is, and that data will be used
             | against you even if it's _entirely_ inaccurate.
        
               | beanjuice wrote:
               | Can you elaborate about what you define as "used against
               | you" even if it is entirely inaccurate? What is the use
               | case of inaccurate data with which you are concerned?
        
               | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
               | It's in the comment they linked to. Good points, to be
               | fair.
        
               | baby_souffle wrote:
               | > Can you elaborate about what you define as "used
               | against you" even if it is entirely inaccurate?
               | 
               | Hypothetical: $company you're trying to use needs to
               | "verify" you using $inaccurateData from $vendor.
               | 
               | You're absolutely screwed if the verification questions
               | you're asked are relying on the "polluted" answers
               | 
               | Similar vein: if the "polluted" data indicates you might
               | be gay or replublican or musilim or into some seriously
               | unhealthy lifestyle choices like smoking and $someCompany
               | decides that you're a smoker and therefore your too risky
               | to insure.
               | 
               | no data >>> polluted data.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | Or, if state level actors are looking at your data they
               | are buying from companies, the appearance of
               | intentionally corrupted data could invite more scrutiny.
        
               | eindiran wrote:
               | If state-level actors are looking into your data with any
               | amount of individual scrutiny you are already fucked,
               | this is a ridiculous reason to not use ad nauseum.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | You're looking at this backwards...
               | 
               | Imagine being in China where they tend to watch you and
               | make profiles on you. Then suddenly the profile of who
               | you are goes completely random. Is it possible this gets
               | the attention of state-level actors where you had none
               | before?
        
               | l33t7332273 wrote:
               | Isn't the alternative in the verification case just that
               | you don't get your account because they can't verify you?
        
               | caseysoftware wrote:
               | Verification questions are based on credit history -
               | addresses, vehicles, family members, etc - not browsing
               | history so this is a non-issue.
        
               | RussianCow wrote:
               | Serious question: Who is using browser data for
               | verification?! It's alarming to me that this is even a
               | hypothetical scenario. All identity verification systems
               | I have ever used in the US have been through a credit
               | agency or something similar. I can't imagine any use case
               | that would use your browser history or ad data for these
               | purposes. Do you have a real-world example?
        
               | BlackjackCF wrote:
               | Another example that I think captures the spirit of
               | autoexec's point is credit fraud.
               | 
               | Are you the one taking out credit cards and potentially
               | tanking your credit score? No.
               | 
               | Does it still negatively impact your life? Yes, because
               | the information landlords/banks receive from credit
               | unions only shows the low credit score.
               | 
               | Do the banks/landlords care about the fact that it's
               | fraud? No.
               | 
               | It's ultimately YOU who has to do all the leg work to
               | report the fraud, make sure that your credit history is
               | fixed, and that your credit is frozen as a deterrent to
               | for future fraud issues.
        
               | 0x457 wrote:
               | > The last time I pulled up my Google profile, it said I
               | was a 18-99yo, both male and female, and was interested
               | in EVERY topic they listed.
               | 
               | So you see how data-brokers having this data on you is
               | equal to not having any data on you if their data is
               | garbage?
        
         | blahyawnblah wrote:
         | Isn't this kind of unethical? There are plenty of
         | people/companies running ads that are just trying to get some
         | traffic and you're costing them money.
        
       | bradford wrote:
       | I'm of the opinion that 'surveillance capitalism', as described
       | in this article, is a problem of policy/legality, not technology.
       | 
       | Technology minded individuals keep looking for a technical
       | solution to this problem. I'm hesitant that a technical solution
       | exists.
       | 
       | Unfortunately, I also don't expect Congress to promptly pass new
       | legislation that competently addresses the problem. (I am more
       | optimistic about the efforts by the EU and individual US states.)
        
         | closeparen wrote:
         | Probably the most material privacy issue for most people is
         | that very basic operations like establishing your identity,
         | providing a contact method, and making a payment all involve
         | giving your counterparty a long-lived identifier which they
         | must keep secret and which anyone they leak it to
         | (intentionally or not) can harm you by abusing. These
         | identifiers are necessarily given out to hundreds of
         | unsophisticated and often trashy operations like supermarkets,
         | car dealers, e-commerce retailers, and soon (sadly) app
         | developers. Unlike the FAANGs of the world, these people have
         | never heard of cryptography and don't blink twice about selling
         | Excel spreadsheets for a few extra pennies. But the need to
         | share secrets with them is a technological problem -- public
         | key cryptography could serve these used cases without giving
         | the counterparty something to leak.
        
           | bradford wrote:
           | I may have interpreted the problems addressed in the article
           | differently.
           | 
           | Certainly, privacy incidents can occur due to mishandling of
           | sensitive information (i.e., secrets, identifiers).
           | Addressing these are a no-brainer and something that
           | technology can and should address.
           | 
           | I interpret the article as addressing a second kind of
           | privacy issue that isn't due to mishandling. Instead, it's
           | part of the profit model for many major tech companies:
           | advertising. In this case, the privacy issue isn't a
           | mishandling, it's by design and explicitly disclosed in the
           | Terms of Service.
           | 
           | (I can't say which one is a bigger issue at large, but I
           | believe policy is needed to address the second issue).
        
       | loughnane wrote:
       | I think for self-hosting as a service to take off you need to
       | persuade people that it's 10x better for non-privacy reasons.
       | That's hard to do because the biggest value prop for most folks
       | would be media, but unless you already have a collection it's
       | hard to legally get your hands on DRM-free digital media.
       | 
       | When I look at the things I self-host it's mostly media
       | (beets/navidrome/jellyfin/etc) and privacy/longevity-focused
       | alternatives (photoprism/miniflux)
       | 
       | Only a few (huginn/archivebox/rmfakecloud/llamacpp) are for
       | general usefulness, but the applications are pretty tech-heavy
       | and not for the average person.
       | 
       | I wonder what applications would knock the socks off a non-
       | technical person.
        
         | rglullis wrote:
         | > unless you already have a collection it's hard to legally get
         | your hands on DRM-free digital media.
         | 
         | Sneakernet meets the fediverse: https://funkwhale.audio
        
         | MeltedVoltage wrote:
         | I think self-hosting could be viable for more people if two
         | things would happen:
         | 
         | - ISP's need to give a permanent IP's and more upload bandwidth
         | in "regular", low-cost internet plans or at least a "self-
         | hoster" addition
         | 
         | - There needs to be a protocol standard to communicate with
         | home routers for auto-configuring the network in a safe way to
         | be able to access services and applications on certain devices
         | outside of the local network. I don't think it currently is
         | possible in a robust enough way
         | 
         | With those two things I can imagine dedicated appliances that
         | are accessible enough for non-technical users. But the
         | experience has to be as seamless as video game consoles in
         | order to reach "the masses"
        
           | loughnane wrote:
           | That's a good point. Last I checked I pay $15 for a static
           | IP.
           | 
           | For access, i feel something UX-friendly powered by wireguard
           | could do the trick. My own use is to just flip the "connect
           | to my home server" button in wireguard and then I have access
           | to everything. I leave it on most of the time but still have
           | to toggle it if things get weird. Seems like that ought to be
           | able to be wrapped in something prettier.
           | 
           | I def think a "box you set up" is the right way to do it.
        
         | cherryteastain wrote:
         | > it's hard to legally get your hands on DRM-free digital media
         | 
         | Time to hoist the jolly roger and plunder the high seas, friend
        
           | loughnane wrote:
           | I'm sure most folks on this forum are capable of doing that,
           | but if the question is mass-adoption I think illegal copying
           | of other files---even if the law is bad---is a bar.
        
       | dukeofdoom wrote:
       | The problem is government. Even Trumps private twitter messages
       | had been seized. If a former president can't protect his
       | privacy...who can? Should you expect to have your personal
       | communications just taken by a government bureaucrat any time
       | they want. I think the problem id deeper than technical, it's a
       | political and moral problem. Companies will cave and do what
       | government tells them to comply.
        
       | kredd wrote:
       | Might be a tangential question, but does trying to escape
       | surveillance matter? I somehow made myself believe that even if I
       | self-host everything, avoid all the tracking, yada yada, unless
       | everyone I hang out with does the same, the data brokers
       | technically will get some information about me.
       | 
       | Realistically, you have to be very tech-savvy to properly avoid
       | tracking, and pretty much avoid any modern social life. That
       | already excludes most of the people in this world. And I, for
       | sure, don't want to live a bunker-basement family life, with no
       | outside fun. In the end, I'm not sure how to solve it, and
       | probably making it worse with my pessimism. But is this actually
       | a winnable battle?
        
         | l33t7332273 wrote:
         | The amount that you "win" is inversely proportional to your
         | participation in modern life.
         | 
         | Personally I don't consider privacy important enough to worry
         | if the McDonald's app harvests my data in exchange for the free
         | coffee.
        
           | JohnFen wrote:
           | > The amount that you "win" is inversely proportional to your
           | participation in modern life
           | 
           | This is true, but I think that reducing participation in a
           | dystopia isn't necessarily a bad thing.
        
         | AJ007 wrote:
         | You don't need to/probably can't avoid the data brokers, you
         | just have to inject enough noise in to their data to make it
         | worthless. The data brokers are probably the most benign of all
         | of the parties that expose you to security risks.
         | 
         | If you live in a high risk area (like Mexico), and are middle
         | class or above, then you need to do some advanced stuff because
         | cartels have access to things such as your live phone location
         | data.
         | 
         | Ultimately you can't escape surveillance in the general sense.
         | You have a face (probably) and face tracking is ubiquitous and
         | continuous. Google, Bing, and so on crippled their reverse
         | image search for faces, but that misrepresents how good it is.
        
         | JohnFen wrote:
         | > does trying to escape surveillance matter?
         | 
         | It certainly does to me. I can't plug all of the data leaks to
         | these companies, of course, but this isn't an all-or-nothing
         | sort of thing. Reducing the amount of leaking is still
         | valuable.
        
       | pphysch wrote:
       | > As Molly White said, "there are never purely technological
       | solutions to societal problems".
       | 
       | I agree. It's Conway's Law on a national scale. In our advanced
       | capitalist society, most governance is done by corporate hegemons
       | (finance, insurance, real estate, marketing, etc), sometimes
       | using the de jure government as a proxy. Our digital organization
       | reflects exactly that!
       | 
       | It is revealing that the best form of digital identification for
       | each person are (secret) profiles created+sold by digital
       | surveillance companies, rather than a robust + transparent
       | digital citizenship that is managed strictly by a public entity
       | and the subject themself.
       | 
       | Some people react to the status quo by "running into the
       | wilderness", either literally, or metaphorically by self-hosting
       | everything. Either way, they often become digitally isolated and
       | maintaining their personal kingdom becomes a lifelong task. It's
       | not fixing the underlying societal dysfunction, just avoiding it.
        
         | JohnFen wrote:
         | > It's not fixing the underlying societal dysfunction, just
         | avoiding it.
         | 
         | Absolutely true. But as one of the people who do this, my
         | response is: self-protection first. Then continue doing
         | whatever you can do to make things better in the larger
         | picture.
        
           | pphysch wrote:
           | I concur that individuality / individual sovereignty is a
           | prerequisite a healthy society, but some people think its the
           | ultimate goal rather than a first, limited step.
        
       | acd wrote:
       | You cant escape data fusion and browser finger printing via
       | canavas, fonts, plugins.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | You can escape fingerprinting if you use open source software
         | that doesn't fingerprint you.
        
       | say_it_as_it_is wrote:
       | My current understanding is that the cost of "surveillance
       | capitalism" has been more personalized advertising, but maybe I
       | was under a rock for the last 20 years and missed this
       | sensational story. Have people been discriminated against based
       | on surveillance data? Are vehicle insurance companies going to be
       | allowed to adjust insurance policies based on smart car
       | surveillance, or health insurance companies adjusting policies
       | based on consumption and behaviors? Are employers discriminating
       | against people based on surveillance data describing their
       | political ideologies? What's the big picture for 2023 in terms of
       | what surveillance data is being used and how it's being used?
        
       | from-nibly wrote:
       | Anyone ever thought of creating a drop in "cloud" machine that
       | could host self hosted services with minimal technical knowhow?
       | The biggest technical achievement that would make this intriguing
       | for me would be family distributed backups. If I could buy like 3
       | or 4 of these and have it magically do multi site clustering and
       | backups and have some sort of app store it might solve most of
       | the issues.
       | 
       | The provider of such a machine could also provide technical
       | assistance in the form of: - DNS / domain registration - Host OS
       | Updates - Encrypted cloud backups - Specialized router/firewalls
       | to make it even easier to expose on the internet safely -
       | Accessories like media archival equipment - Hardware upgrade kits
       | 
       | I mean really just https://oxide.computer/ but for consumers.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | It was called Helm (no relation to the devops tool of the same
         | name):
         | http://web.archive.org/web/20220924051052/https://www.thehel...
        
           | from-nibly wrote:
           | Bummer that they weren't able to make it work.
        
       | spaced-out wrote:
       | I've yet to read a clear explanation of how "surveillance
       | capitalism" is any different than regular capitalism with
       | computers. As long as people are trying to make money they're
       | going to try and crunch data to do it better. The only way I see
       | to effect a real change in how companies collect and use data is
       | with regulation.
        
       | cherryteastain wrote:
       | I agree with the author's assessment that we have a societal
       | problem first and foremost. However, a key component of that
       | societal problem is that most (99%+) do not care about
       | surveillance to the degree that they would change their behavior.
       | 
       | Almost all my friends who use social media are aware the apps spy
       | on them. They all have an anecdote like they were talking about X
       | with their friend and when they scrolled Instagram/Tiktok an ad
       | for X showed up, and they all say (unprompted) that it's creepy.
       | When I suggest to them that maybe they should stop using
       | Instagram etc, or at the very least use it on the website, to
       | prevent this, the reaction invariably an excuse to keep using it.
       | You can't tell these people to use Nextcloud or whatever over
       | iCloud. They would never do it. The only thing that'd get them to
       | switch is to offer more convenience/greater network events.
       | 
       | Benjamin Franklin's famous quote goes "Those who would give up
       | essential liberty, to purchase a little temporary safety, deserve
       | neither liberty nor safety.". With tech, the same maxim applies,
       | if you replace safety with convenience.
        
         | splaca wrote:
         | Ben Franklin's phrase seems to be quoted often in this kind of
         | discussion but I haven't seen anyone explain (1) why one thinks
         | he's right; and (2) why that would translate to tech and
         | surveillance.
         | 
         | Or, to be more upfront: I simply don't think blaming individual
         | people (and deciding whether they "deserve" whatever) is very
         | fair or productive.
        
       | WhackyIdeas wrote:
       | A slight change of subject but not too much.
       | 
       | An hour ago I walked into a Post Office somewhere in Scotland. I
       | was immediately greeted with a screen hanging down from the
       | ceiling.
       | 
       | Onn the left 75% portion of the screen a bunch of different
       | camera feeds and on the right portion, running vertically - still
       | photos of my face and other customers faces who were currently in
       | the shop.
       | 
       | ...And next to these still photos were things like:
       | 
       | Age: Middle aged male Emotion: ... Glasses: No Etc.
       | 
       | I asked the shop keeper why they were showing this, and I was met
       | with arguments like 'these are everywhere', 'airports have them
       | too'.
       | 
       | I replied that an airport is understandably doing this, due to
       | being a terrorism threat. But this was a small Post Office in a
       | tiny village town in the countryside. So like comparing apples to
       | toilet paper.
       | 
       | I asked why the camera was trying to guess my emotion. To which I
       | was replied to 'if you are doing nothing wrong, you have nothing
       | to worry about'.
       | 
       | Society has been so conditioned into the assumption that what we
       | have today we will have tomorrow. Except in a world of potential
       | Trumps, Xi Jinping, Putin and more... we are setting ourselves up
       | for the complete unknown of tomorrow.
       | 
       | This 1984 Scotland is now a place I feel like the reason to live
       | has been dwindled down to just pure existence. I don't think I
       | had ever felt quite like this before this trip to the Post Office
       | today. Life doesn't feel like ours anymore. It's someone else's.
       | The people behind the surveillance and the conditioned people who
       | normalise it.
       | 
       | Just because the technology exists, shouldn't mean it needs to be
       | used. When will people ever start respecting other's privacy? And
       | when will people ever give a damn about it.
       | 
       | If this is already where we're at in 2024, where are we all going
       | to be by 2030? Is life as full of the same point today than what
       | it was 10 years ago. And will it be less full of point by 2030.
       | 
       | Edit: typos
        
       | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
       | "We used to rely on software installed locally on our computers,
       | and are now shifting towards a model based on services and
       | companion apps, sometimes with free tiers and subscriptions."
       | 
       | Everything I rely on is local. No reliance on remote services or
       | companion apps.
       | 
       | It is not like I haven't tried.
       | 
       | I tried apps. But I failed to become addicted.
       | 
       | I always end up accessing the endpoints from a laptop instead of
       | a phone because it's easier and more flexible.
       | 
       | I find a UNIX-like OS I can modify, compile and control paired
       | with full-size keyboard and display to be more versatile. I still
       | use offline storage.
       | 
       | When it comes to the prognostication of so-called "tech"
       | bloggers/journalists, "we" is not me.
       | 
       | There was a story yesterday on HN about a school that does not
       | allow smartphones. It described a multi-day school trip where no
       | phones could be brought. After a short time, the article
       | suggested none of the students missed their phones.
       | 
       | This is how I see "services" and "companion apps". After a
       | relatively short time without, people would forget about them.
       | 
       | Whereas I am not going to forget about a UNIX-like OS that I can
       | control and jump on to some new trend where I cede control to
       | someone else. I rely on being able to control the computers I
       | own. Giving away control is not an appealing proposition. The
       | people marketing these "solutions" are certainly not ceding away
       | any control. Instead they are gaining it over other peoples'
       | computers in spades.
        
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