[HN Gopher] Bees have an internal sense of time (2022)
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       Bees have an internal sense of time (2022)
        
       Author : thunderbong
       Score  : 65 points
       Date   : 2024-01-16 17:31 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (greenrosechemistry.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (greenrosechemistry.com)
        
       | piinbinary wrote:
       | "Bees get jet lag"
       | 
       | That seems like a much simpler experiment than the previous ones!
        
         | beders wrote:
         | Well, in 1929 they couldn't really get on a red-eye to New York
         | ;)
        
       | ct0 wrote:
       | Did you see this on reddit? Pretty cool story though.
        
       | dmurray wrote:
       | Oysters are thought to have the opposite behaviour, per a famous
       | experiment by Brown in 1954. If you transport them several hours
       | of longitude away and keep them in a dark lab, they don't suffer
       | jetlag, but instead they mysteriously adjust to the local lunar
       | cycle.
       | 
       | At least, that's what I thought, but this criticism of the
       | methodology [0] doesn't make it look conclusive, and presumably
       | it would have been replicated if it was any good.
       | 
       | [0] https://cdn.centerforinquiry.org/wp-
       | content/uploads/sites/29...
        
       | dvh wrote:
       | Do humans perceive time?
        
         | sctb wrote:
         | You could certainly argue that we do not. Perceptions are not
         | instantaneous, and if they can be said to "take time" then they
         | cannot have time as their object of perception directly. And
         | even if they "take time", perceptions are ending simultaneously
         | as they are beginning. Being aware of the passage of time does
         | not require perception, as anyone can report when they have an
         | understanding of how long they slept as soon as they wake. Not
         | sure how all that relates to bees, though.
         | 
         | Anyway, no abstract musing about time is complete without a
         | word from Dogen: "You may suppose that time is only passing
         | away, and not understand that time never arrives."
        
           | nickpsecurity wrote:
           | We seem to perceive time indirectly. Examples of how include
           | our feelings, seeing changes in environment with temporal
           | associations, and even counting the seconds that we generate.
           | We are perceiving the passage of time in these cases as
           | observed change in the perceptible state of the universe.
           | 
           | If time itself is change, then we are directly observing it.
           | If time is something else, and it causes change, then we
           | can't observe it but can observe the effects. We'll probably
           | perceive it similarly either way.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _We seem to perceive time indirectly_
             | 
             | From all indications, time is an emergent property of
             | causality. And we directly perceive causality.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | Yes. As do fruit flies [1].
         | 
         | [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6138759/
        
       | utdiscant wrote:
       | I am currently reading "What Would Animals Say If We Asked the
       | Right Questions?" by Vinciane Despret, which is full of
       | interesting stories like this and questions how we perceive the
       | intelligence (and other aspects) of animals. Might be an
       | interesting read for people who find this story interesting.
        
         | ryanblakeley wrote:
         | Thanks for the recommendation. I write about animal
         | intelligence and will be keen to pick that one up.
         | 
         | The molecular basis of circadian rhythm has been studied in
         | fruit flies. Every cell has a chemical clock which adjusts for
         | a range of temperatures. They found that calorie restriction
         | and cold temperature extends the life span of fruit flies. But
         | if you alter the DNA of their circadian clock those lifespan
         | increases do not happen.
        
         | gehwartzen wrote:
         | Funny little cartoon I enjoyed wrt this subject:
         | 
         | https://falseknees.com/comics/405.html
        
         | max_ wrote:
         | Thanks for the recommendation!
        
       | s1artibartfast wrote:
       | Does a line of candles "perceive" time?
       | 
       | Does a wave in a pond "perceive" time?
       | 
       | Does my alarm clock "perceive" time?
       | 
       | I think a less hyperbolic statement is that bees can _measure_
       | time. perception has the connotation of conscious awareness.
        
         | faitswulff wrote:
         | At what point do you consider living organisms to be conscious?
         | Any threshold is essentially arbitrary.
        
           | yreg wrote:
           | We don't know, but the title makes it sound like we do know.
        
           | s1artibartfast wrote:
           | I personally think self-awareness is a pre-requisite for
           | consciousness.
           | 
           | >ar*bi*trar*y, adjective based on random choice or personal
           | whim, rather than any reason or system.
           | 
           | I don't think this threshold is arbitrary. I think it is part
           | of a set of word definitions that and are logically
           | compatible, coherent, and useful.
           | 
           | Similarly, I dont think it arbitrary to say the bee is a
           | living organism, but the alarm clock is not.
           | 
           | Would you argue that the any definition of "living" is
           | similarly arbitrary?
        
             | Jensson wrote:
             | What is self-awareness? Do you think dogs are self aware? I
             | think dogs are conscious at least even if they fail to
             | recognize themselves in a mirror. Being aware that you are
             | a consciousness requires intelligence, not just
             | consciousness.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | I think dogs can be self aware. I think self-awareness is
               | the ability to comprehend the "Self" as distinct from the
               | "environment" and then compute and weigh the likely
               | outcomes of different actions. It is high level thinking
               | with many pre-requisites.
               | 
               | An alarm clock is not self aware, because it doesn't
               | model the world, and select between actions.
               | 
               | Similarly, a bee, (which I believe to act on pre-
               | programed instinct, not in the moment reason), is not
               | self aware. This is because it selects between actions,
               | but can not logically model the world.
               | 
               | A dog, on the other hand, can build logical models of the
               | world, and then take actions based on that. It can that
               | begging from one person results in treats, while begging
               | from another results in discipline. It can update this
               | logic and behavior based on new information.
        
               | NoZebra120vClip wrote:
               | So you have arbitrarily decided on units, such as bees
               | and dogs. But perhaps it is an error to consider a
               | singular bee as an arbitrary unit. What if we consider
               | the entire hive/swarm as a unified organism? What would
               | our results be then? What about considering individual
               | cells of a dog instead of that whole dog? Wouldn't that
               | tend to skew your results unfairly?
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | My examples weren't arbitrary, they were made for
               | specific reasons. I selected bees because the article and
               | my OP was about bees, and I selected dogs because I was
               | asked about dogs.
               | 
               | I don't think a hive is self aware for the same reasons
               | as the bee. It acts conditionally but does not create new
               | logic models of the world.
               | 
               | As for the cells, I think they closer to complex alarm
               | clocks than the bees, and are not self aware for the same
               | reason.
               | 
               | I think my logic is consistent.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _What if we consider the entire hive /swarm as a
               | unified organism?_
               | 
               | We get a less-predictive model for some questions and a
               | more-predictive one for others. Sort of like how asking
               | whether we should model humans as collections of cells,
               | individuals or societies is freshman dorm stuff until we
               | pair it with an actual question.
        
               | why_at wrote:
               | I mean, it's pretty hard to tell what's going on inside
               | any other creature's brain, from dogs to bees to humans.
               | It's generally easier the closer they are to yourself, so
               | it's easier with dogs than with bees.
               | 
               | I think you are shortchanging bees a bit, based on your
               | description of a dog building a logical model of the
               | world, I would say bees definitely qualify.
               | 
               | >A dog, on the other hand, can build logical models of
               | the world, and then take actions based on that. It can
               | that begging from one person results in treats, while
               | begging from another results in discipline. It can update
               | this logic and behavior based on new information.
               | 
               | Bees are capable of a lot of interesting and complex
               | behavior, from learning to communication with other
               | bees.[1] It's been theorized that they can play around
               | just for fun, which is hard to reconcile with them
               | behaving on entirely pre-programmed instincts.[2]
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee_learning_and_commun
               | ication [2]
               | https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/bees-
               | can-...
        
             | masspro wrote:
             | Are viruses alive? They're pretty close. That pretty-
             | closeness is evidence that the definition of 'living' is
             | arbitrary. In high school biology, 'living' was a list of
             | five points to be memorized, and those points were
             | definitely made up by humans. And viruses were used as a
             | sorta-joke by the teacher to illustrate that it's
             | arbitrary.
             | 
             | Why I cared enough to dig into that: every word/category is
             | arbitrary; words and word-logic only help us insofar as
             | they tell us useful things about reality.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | > every word/category is arbitrary; words and word-logic
               | only help us insofar as they tell us useful things about
               | reality
               | 
               | haha, having useful meanings is the exact thing that
               | makes word categories non-arbitrary.
               | 
               | Having different categories and words for food and poison
               | is useful. The distinction is not arbitrary.
               | 
               | Similarly, the concept and definition of living/inanimate
               | is not arbitrary. It defiantly tells us something useful.
               | 
               | You could say the exact definition of "living" isn't
               | clear, but that doesn't mean every definition is equally
               | good. For example, "things that are purple", would be a
               | pretty crappy definition of "living". It's not random or
               | arbitrary. Thought and logic went into crafting the
               | definition.
        
               | masspro wrote:
               | > Having different categories and words for food and
               | poison is useful. The distinction is not arbitrary.
               | 
               | A very hot pepper has features of both food and poison.
               | Most things are not perfect binaries, and if you put a
               | dividing line on a spectrum, the placement of that
               | dividing line must be arbitrary. Obviously people try to
               | come up with good definitions of things, but that still
               | doesn't mean it's a productive use of anyone's
               | time/effort deciding which side of an arbitrary divide a
               | thing falls into.
               | 
               | > It's not random or arbitrary.
               | 
               | No one said arbitrary == random! Arbitrary in this
               | discussion is meaning "a person chose it". And it is a
               | useful concept to me here in this context because it
               | distinguishes things a person is deciding from things
               | that are just real in-and-of-themselves out here in
               | spacetime.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | >No one said arbitrary == random! Arbitrary in this
               | discussion is meaning "a person chose it".
               | 
               | Opposed to what what exactly? Nothing that can be
               | perceived, processed, or communicated by humans fails
               | this test. In that case, all language, logic, and thought
               | is arbitrary. 2+2=4 is arbitrary, because someone chose
               | definitions which fit within a logical construct of
               | assumptions, and those rules too were selected by humans.
               | 
               | Something is not arbitrary simply because alternatives
               | may exist. Alternatives can be more or less useful, and
               | useful for different purposes.
               | 
               | Selection of a definition fit for purpose, is therefore
               | not arbitrary, specifically _Because_ it comes with
               | implications and consequences. It is a distinction _with_
               | a difference
               | 
               | >A very hot pepper has features of both food and poison.
               | Most things are not perfect binaries, and if you put a
               | dividing line on a spectrum, the placement of that
               | dividing line must be arbitrary. Obviously people try to
               | come up with good definitions of things, but that still
               | doesn't mean it's a productive use of anyone's
               | time/effort deciding which side of an arbitrary divide a
               | thing falls into.
               | 
               | I truly dont understand your example. Is it not a
               | productive use of time to know if a hot pepper is food or
               | poison, despite being on a spectrum? It seems to prove
               | the opposite. Most things are not perfect binaries, but
               | society doesn't throw up our hands and say it isn't
               | productive to delineate food from poison. A definition of
               | poison that excludes hot peppers is clearly more useful
               | for nearly everyone, nearly all the time.
               | 
               | I go by the typical dictionary definitions or arbitrary:
               | 
               | a: existing or coming about seemingly at random or by
               | chance or as a capricious and unreasonable act of will
               | 
               | b: based on or determined by individual preference or
               | convenience rather than by necessity or the intrinsic
               | nature of something
               | 
               | A definition that is thoughtfully constructed to fit
               | within the greater body of human knowledge, logic, and
               | utility is not random, capricious, or motivated by
               | personal preference or convenience.
        
               | bad_user wrote:
               | The definition of life is based on what we observe, on
               | empirical observations, which is the best kind of
               | knowledge. The current definition may not be perfect, but
               | it's useful enough to predict phenomena, such as how life
               | on other planets might look like. And this is the
               | opposite of arbitrary.
               | 
               | You're getting into metaphysics, which is in general not
               | useful. I mean, Nietzsche's essay on words being lies is
               | entertaining and all, but ultimately just something to
               | contemplate when stoned.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related:
       | 
       |  _How we learned that bees can tell time (2021)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36177030 - June 2023 (12
       | comments)
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | From what I understand, the timekeeping ability helps them to
       | communicate the locations of points of interest (nectar sources
       | and hive locations).
       | 
       | Bees are pretty awesome.
       | 
       | Here's a cool _Cosmos_ episode, that discusses them:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubE9hjrsHmI
        
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