[HN Gopher] When Random Isn't
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       When Random Isn't
        
       Author : orlp
       Score  : 348 points
       Date   : 2024-01-14 21:56 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (orlp.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (orlp.net)
        
       | hhh wrote:
       | World of Warcraft is what started my interest in programming. I
       | was 6 when it came out, and when private servers started popping
       | up I became interested in how to make my own npcs, and that's how
       | I picked up Lua.
       | 
       | I still have a lot of posts on the forum for that stuff
       | (MMOwned), and one of the people that helped me learn then still
       | posts semi-actively.
       | 
       | Compiling my own private server core was how I learned about
       | compiling things, SVN, and how to apply patches (there was a bug
       | related to mage's fireball, can't remember what it was.)
        
         | behnamoh wrote:
         | > I still have a lot of posts on the forum for that stuff
         | (MMOwned), and one of the people that helped me learn then
         | still posts semi-actively.
         | 
         | Man, whenever I am reminded of the old forums I can't help but
         | get nostalgic. Nowadays, it's like a good piece of the internet
         | is replaced with dopamine-inducing social media apps and gated
         | forums (e.g., Reddit).
         | 
         | I don't know why I still hang out here on HN, maybe mainly
         | because it reminds me of the old forums...
        
           | acheong08 wrote:
           | I do wish more of the younger generation would be willing to
           | hang out on forums/irc/etc. I would not install Facebook even
           | if it cost me friends
        
             | DeathArrow wrote:
             | Newer generation is on TikTok, not Facebook.
        
               | Ns9 wrote:
               | These are anything short videos, but not just the youth
               | it's almost everyone and I have that damn problem
        
               | IlliOnato wrote:
               | So far none in my social circles uses Tik-Tok, thanks
               | $deity.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | We don't know how old acheong08 is.
        
           | Buttons840 wrote:
           | HN threads die to quickly though. For the true old-forum feel
           | we need fewer users with focused interest and threads that
           | last for weeks.
        
             | hprotagonist wrote:
             | threads can go for multiple years, if you do it right
        
               | behnamoh wrote:
               | he's right tho -- lack of notifs on HN means you won't
               | know about replies to your comments or new comments in
               | fav threads.
        
               | aspenmayer wrote:
               | Tell HN: HN Replies is email notifications for comment
               | replies, maintained by Dan Grossman.
               | 
               | https://hnreplies.com/
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/user?id=dangrossman
        
               | DeathArrow wrote:
               | You can make a browser add-on or use a script to keep you
               | in the loop.
        
               | maxbond wrote:
               | Which is to say, always reply within two weeks.
               | 
               | Does anyone know of a thread on HN that survived multiple
               | months?
        
               | Buttons840 wrote:
               | Also, old forums didn't organize comments in tree
               | structures, they were just flat chronological comments.
               | This is technically inferior, but it helped keep everyone
               | more focused on a single thread, as it were.
        
               | Paul-Craft wrote:
               | You don't need to go to an unthreaded format, with all
               | the attendant clutter and such, to do that. All you have
               | to do is bubble up threads that have had recent messages
               | to the top. _That 's_ why HN doesn't (or at least
               | shouldn't) try something like that: it wouldn't be
               | "Hacker _News_ " anymore, so much as "Hacker Gossip" or
               | whatev.
        
               | DeathArrow wrote:
               | In most forums, one example being DPReview, the user can
               | switch between threaded view and flat view. I choose flat
               | view, because I usually read the whole topic if it
               | interests me and I usually want to read the last updates
               | without having to go trough multiple threads.
               | 
               | Also, flat view, mimics a real discussion between people.
        
             | DeathArrow wrote:
             | >For the true old-forum feel we need fewer users with
             | focused interest and threads that last for weeks.
             | 
             | There is 4chan.
        
       | Vvector wrote:
       | I wrote an AH script. It would scan every auction, buy under-
       | priced items, and relist. If someone undercut me, it could cancel
       | and relist just below them. I basically had unlimited gold.
        
         | AnthonyMouse wrote:
         | This is basically what high frequency trading is in real life.
        
           | eru wrote:
           | Only with a lot more regulation, and the competition is very
           | sharp.
        
         | Jaygles wrote:
         | How did you determine what was under-priced?
        
           | andenacitelli wrote:
           | Spent some time with this kind of system in WoW,
           | TradeSkillMaster. Figuring out an accurate valuation was
           | difficult and one of the biggest differentiators of how
           | successful you were.
           | 
           | This would vary by item, but was most commonly some
           | combination of recent minimum buyouts (usually over the last
           | two weeks) historically value (several months), and much
           | more. Common items would usually be mostly recent value
           | driven, whereas lower-supply items might have a larger
           | component of historical weighed in, as there might be quite a
           | bit of fluctuation day to day and you care much more just
           | about the general trend.
           | 
           | All sorts of nuance to it. You can do more complex stuff like
           | only doing your price estimations off items that actually
           | sold, set values based on a percentage of any other value,
           | and much, much more. It gets really complex but is really
           | cool at scale.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | Ingredients were always pretty stable.
             | 
             | I think a lot of sales came down to people trading time for
             | money. I just hit a critical level and I want some cheap
             | blues to power level faster and got shitty drops. Or Buddy
             | wants to play and he's laughing at my gear, oh there's a
             | reasonable purple.
             | 
             | I found a lot less stress looking for cheap blues and
             | greens to disenchant for ingredients. That could suck up an
             | hour a day easy. Which is why people just dumped them. Not
             | worth their time.
        
               | Grimblewald wrote:
               | Ingrediants can be stable but are still subject to
               | manipulation. I made a killing by having a lot on hand,
               | pushing bids down during busier periods, which would work
               | synergistically with the lil goblins on during this time
               | who list everything they sell at an undercut. This can
               | cause the ass to fall out of pricing. You then buy up the
               | cheap mats as fast as you can, but also alchemists will
               | start making potions for cheap looking to undercut other
               | potion makers with their zero time investment potion
               | making for cheap. You buy those as well when they get
               | cheap. Then you delist the series of sales you made that
               | pushed prices down and buy the undercuts that helped get
               | you there. Suddenly theres a big rift between current
               | price and the bulk of items and most sellers stop
               | undercutting and cheap supply runs out. relist regular
               | small batches at 1s under market and make bank.
        
               | DeathArrow wrote:
               | Just like in real world. But you have to own at least
               | half of the market to pull that. Or some else can short
               | you.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | WoW was fully sharded at the time, so you had to control
               | a fraction of a fraction in order to use these
               | strategies. And you generally became expert in one or two
               | and ignored the rest except for slow days.
               | 
               | Probably more like a third, or the plurality instead of a
               | simple majority. The price most players saw was slightly
               | above what the market would bear. During peak times
               | everything else would disappear.
        
             | DeathArrow wrote:
             | You can learn more about economy from these threads than
             | following a course at Stanford.
        
             | leoff wrote:
             | I've also spent some time playing with TSM. I would login
             | to WoW multiple times a day only to play on the AH.
             | 
             | I don't quite recall where from, but I had some price data,
             | where I filtered the top X products that made the most
             | volume (price * amount sold).
             | 
             | I then simply did something like "if the price is lower
             | than Y% of the average, buy it. Don't sell the product for
             | less than you bought it for."
             | 
             | Surprisingly this simple formula works very well and I made
             | more gold than I've ever had. It was more than enough to
             | pay for the monthly subscription and I even bought
             | Overwatch using the I credits I got from it.
        
           | Vvector wrote:
           | After playing the AH manually for a long time, I'd know that
           | a stack of ore would sell for 20g. I was manually buying when
           | under 20g and relisting. My script just reduced the tedium.
           | I'd manually add in checks for each high-volume item. It was
           | super-hacky, but so effective, I didn't need to improve it.
           | 
           | One script would iterate over every item in my inventory. If
           | it matched a hard-coded list, it would auto-list it at the
           | hard-coded price. Another script would scan every item on the
           | AH, and if matched another hard coded list, it would buy
           | them.
           | 
           | Another story, pre-script. WOW had the inscription update
           | incoming, which used flowers to make glyphs. I correctly
           | assumed the demand for Peacebloom (tier 1 ingredient) would
           | skyrocket once the patch hit. I spent three weeks buying
           | everything on the AH, using multiple characters to store it
           | all. The night before the update, I listed it all for 20x the
           | normal price. The next morning, everything sold out
           | completely. I remember it being 200 stacks @ 5g each, sold
           | for 100g each.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | I recall when Pandaria hit there was some resource where
             | you could get only like one a day but they could be sold.
             | The power gamers and the server first people were buying
             | all they could to craft gear to ratchet up the Raid ladder
             | ASAP. I convinced a couple of my friends to sell all theirs
             | at the prevailing price, which was just stupid high, and on
             | about the day we would have been able to craft our first
             | item, the price had crashed so much we bought them back at
             | a lower price. If you waited a few more days, you could buy
             | enough for two items.
             | 
             | Getting 70% of the way to a goal has 0 value. You can often
             | sell your patience to other people in that game.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | > Getting 70% of the way to a goal has 0 value.
               | 
               | Well, apart from the fun of playing the game?
        
               | pests wrote:
               | No, games are only fun if you get all the achivements and
               | 100% the game and buy every item ever relased in the shop
               | and complete all battle pass levels because FOMO because
               | gaming is not about having fun anymore, its about
               | reaching artificially set goals and collecting cosmetics.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | > _gaming is not about having fun anymore, its about
               | reaching artificially set goals and collecting cosmetics_
               | 
               | I.e. it became indistinguishable from normal adult life.
        
               | pests wrote:
               | :(
        
               | DeathArrow wrote:
               | At which point, you rather quit gaming and use your time
               | and energy in the real life. That way you can touch your
               | achievements because they aren't just numbers in a SQL
               | database.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | If you make lots of money, and keep it at the bank, your
               | achievement might very well be recorded as a number in a
               | database.
               | 
               | (But with the distinction that you can withdraw and spend
               | that money.)
        
               | DeathArrow wrote:
               | When you play a game you trade your time to make other
               | people rich. When you work you trade your time to make
               | you rich. That is the most important distinction.
               | 
               | Would you buy you a Lexus or help someone else buy their
               | second yacht?
        
               | pests wrote:
               | You can play games without committing any sum of money
               | though.
        
               | DeathArrow wrote:
               | But your presence in game attracts others who will do
               | some spending.
        
               | pests wrote:
               | > just numbers in a SQL database
               | 
               | This is what breaks most games for me. Once I see the
               | gameplay loop, I know I'm just playing spreadsheet
               | optimizer behind the scenes.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | I've talked friends out of getting back into WowW because
               | I know if they start I'll start, and I always take it
               | more seriously until it turns into a part time job, which
               | I will continue after they quit again. Touching grass is
               | much more enjoyable.
               | 
               | Gamification has gone too far, circled back onto games
               | themselves and made them into chores. Everything is gacha
               | or tamagotchi or both now.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | You don't get the shiny or the achievement until you hit
               | that milestone. If I wasn't clear, I wasn't meaning
               | "completionism" by 100%, I just meant the milestone.
        
         | SeanAnderson wrote:
         | Wait, did you _write_ Auctioneer? or was this something similar
         | to Auctioneer but you decided to not use the  "industry
         | standard" tooling?
        
           | bimguy wrote:
           | I very much doubt it. There's a lot more functionality to
           | Auctioneer then what was mentioned. Also, there are other
           | popular auction add-ons, I think they would have just said it
           | if they created Auctioneer.
        
           | Vvector wrote:
           | I used Auctioneer, found it very helpful. But it couldn't (at
           | the time) do the things I wanted to do. My scripts didn't
           | have any UI or fancy graphics, just outputting text to the
           | console.
        
         | Thaxll wrote:
         | Except that there is a deposit fee in WoW AH.
        
           | anonymoushn wrote:
           | This is correct, but I think for a lot of items the non-
           | refundable listing fee is a trivial amount of currency that
           | you're happy to pay in exchange for faster execution, because
           | it's based on the vendor sale price.
        
             | Grimblewald wrote:
             | Its a multiple of vendor price. So for a few items it is
             | quite hefty. For pets, its always 1s flat so pet pricing
             | can be quite volatile.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | The deposits mostly just stop people from overloading the
           | system, and put a tiny bit of friction into the economy.
           | 
           | I always made the most money when I half heartedly farmed on
           | one or two characters and traded about five times as much
           | material as I brought in.
           | 
           | It's a commodities market. Figure out what the weekly and
           | daily average is, try to anticipate drop off in demand (eg,
           | post launch), if anyone undercuts you by too big a margin,
           | buy them out and relist. If a little, either drop your price
           | or wait.
        
         | tapland wrote:
         | A lot of us have been using Auctioneer, which has this
         | functionality, since Vanilla. How was the experience of writing
         | your own?
        
           | Vvector wrote:
           | I used Auctioneer. But it couldn't do what I needed at the
           | time, or maybe I didn't investigate enough (TBC/WoTLK
           | timeframe). My scripts were no UI, no graphics, it would just
           | output console commands. The Blizzard API was very easy to
           | work with. Maybe 20 lines of LUA for iterating over every
           | item listed on the AH.
        
         | plandis wrote:
         | You're the creator of the Auctioneer addon? That's got to be
         | one of the most popular WoW addons for a decade or more at this
         | point.
        
         | benreesman wrote:
         | When I explained how money works to my younger brother after
         | having it explained to me by actual drunk guys who work at
         | Goldman (it's basically impossible to get the truth any other
         | way as far as I know), his reply was:
         | 
         | "You mean to tell me that the IRS is a _gold sink_?!"
         | 
         | "Well, actually that's a pretty good analogy, the difference
         | is... well... that's a pretty good analogy!"
        
           | wodenokoto wrote:
           | Maybe I don't understand what a gold sink is well enough, but
           | I don't see how IRS can be considered a gold sink. Gold spend
           | with NPCs are not returned to the economy. Taxes are returned
           | to the economy.
        
             | pests wrote:
             | > Taxes are returned to the economy.
             | 
             | I hope we don't start dropping bombs on our own cities....
        
               | Doxin wrote:
               | The money isn't stuffed inside the bombs. The money is
               | still returned to the economy for the most part even if
               | the bombs are "spent" elsewhere.
        
               | pests wrote:
               | > The money isn't stuffed inside the bombs.
               | 
               | I thought that was the only explanation for their prices.
        
               | wodenokoto wrote:
               | Paying for the construction of a bomb, is participating
               | in the economy (as opposed to outright burning the money)
        
               | taneq wrote:
               | Kind of a broken window fallacy (the bomb isn't necessary
               | in the first place) but also kind of not (the tech
               | developed for military hardware does eventually get used
               | for good).
        
             | benreesman wrote:
             | Tax receipts are in no sense returned to the economy unless
             | you really overload one of those words.
             | 
             | A modern economy works by running a printing press a
             | _little_ faster than a furnace, with the coefficient being
             | (under honest and competent management) a good estimate of
             | next year being better than this year by such and such, a
             | self-fulfilling prophecy in a good way until you like, burn
             | the planet via carbon emissions or some hard constraint
             | like that.
             | 
             | And it's a perfectly good system... under honest and
             | competent management. It's just easier to corrupt than
             | systems with much lower potential (which is the distance
             | between gold bug and ignorant, those folks have a point,
             | they just rarely make it).
             | 
             | This is where all the 1971 stuff comes in: no rich person
             | does anything but advantage their less-capable kid or lover
             | or whatever unless someone is pointing a gun at them. (e.g.
             | Altman has a job let alone unfettered power). The gold
             | standard has a lower maximum potential risk to the extent
             | you can stop there being a de Beers of gold. You likewise
             | accept 50 years from the transistor to a computer in your
             | house even if you're fucking loaded.
             | 
             | The unanswered question is: can we get competent and honest
             | leadership (after a fashion) back without the bloodshed it
             | has required 100% of the time before?
             | 
             | A lot of us hope so but don't have an answer just yet, and
             | the clock is ticking.
        
               | whage wrote:
               | This post feels like recent movie trailers. The way you
               | wrote it makes me believe you know what you are talking
               | about but I have no idea. Care to give the curious reader
               | pointers to the topics you mention? I mean the "printing
               | press to furnace" analogy of the economy, or what you
               | mean by 1971 or the gold bug or the 50 year transistor
               | omg what?
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | I'm just a nerd whose nerd hobbies came to encompass
               | finance when I moved to Manhattan. I was also a party
               | monster back then (please don't read the book) which for
               | a childless bachelor is a pretty reasonable way to get
               | the most knowledge NYC has to give in a year.
               | 
               | If you have particular questions about the monetary
               | system, I know enough to either answer or know that I
               | don't know and refer you to someone who does.
        
               | dspillett wrote:
               | _> If you have particular questions_
               | 
               | There were four fairly direct questions in the post you
               | replied to, to which you might like to give a response:
               | 
               |  _> > [what do you] mean [by] the "printing press to
               | furnace" analogy of the economy_
               | 
               |  _> > what you mean by 1971_
               | 
               |  _> > or the gold bug_
               | 
               |  _> > or the 50 year transistor_
               | 
               | The first of those I'm pretty sure I understand what you
               | are meaning, though if I'm right about that I don't think
               | it is a good analogy, but the others I have no context
               | for.
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | 1971 (and/or 1973) is a year people often point to as
               | when we "went off the gold standard". Neither year is
               | particularly great as a signal example of the collapse of
               | what is loosely called the "Bretton Woods" monetary
               | system, but either is a pretty good nickname for it.
               | 
               | By "printing press" I mean the set of mechanisms in which
               | fractional reserve deficit spending creates the money
               | supply to notionally value future growth, and by
               | "furnace" I mean the set of mechanisms by which we
               | prevent arbitrary inflation as a result. You can measure
               | the money supply in plenty of ways, but for someone who
               | needs a glossary on my original comment, TLDR you want a
               | number called "M2".
               | 
               | A "gold bug" is someone who either does or advocates the
               | strategy of holding "precious" metals as a uniquely good
               | asset class (no one turns down a free pile of gold, many
               | of us think the market is pricing gold as well as we
               | are), in particular an asset class uniquely resistant to
               | inflation and/or the "government". I can assure you from
               | painful experience that "the government" gives no fucks
               | if you have gold in your back yard when they make a
               | clerical error.
               | 
               | 50 years is roughly the period of time it took for at
               | least two separate inventions of "the transistor" by a
               | bunch of Bell Labs people, but overwhelmingly associated
               | to a guy called Shockley, to culminate in a useful
               | computer that a middle class person could afford to have
               | in their living room. I learned to code on an IBM PC my
               | distinctly middle-class grandfather owned, and it is a
               | substantially better computer than no computer, a harder
               | claim to make about the Apple I for example.
        
               | shawabawa3 wrote:
               | > "printing press to furnace" analogy of the economy
               | 
               | Very roughly modern economies work by printing money in
               | the form of government treasuries (government borrows $
               | to run the country) and destroys money by charging taxes
               | (taxes go to IRS and are used to pay off the outstanding
               | treasuries)
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | >A modern economy works by running a printing press a
               | little faster than a furnace,
               | 
               | I think you are confusing Modern Monetary Theory with
               | modern economics. What you are describing is MMT, not
               | what actually happens (the government collects taxes then
               | spends that money + prints more money)
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | I'm aware of both Modern Monetary Theory as well as
               | behavioral economics. I'm aware of what bankers say "off
               | tape" or "LDL", ("let's discuss live"). I've worked
               | places where we said "he was with us at Goldman", because
               | I've worked at places and during times that were so elite
               | that my last name, Reesman, which is Dutch, was
               | overlooked for "sounding too Jewish", which is an actual
               | thing I've been tapped on the shoulder about but still to
               | this day don't understand. I'm not aware of what social
               | dynamics are in play when sounding too Jewish is an
               | issue. Bet your ass New York bankers say shit like that
               | though.
               | 
               | You sir, like many, imply an academic knowledge of
               | markets that would be tradable. If you know what's wrong
               | with my comment there's serious money in it, and no one
               | can buy the education you're implying because the price
               | would be the arb value of all the misprinted securities,
               | trillions easily.
               | 
               | I'm asserting that actual guys called names like
               | Cavendish, who get the actual spread by virtue of being
               | in jobs where you need a name like that laugh in their
               | beer, I've been there and I've seen it.
               | 
               | "You've never dealt with Harkonnens, I have, they're not
               | human they're BRUTAL".
               | 
               | You're free to disagree, and free to do so under a
               | pseudonym. But if you know anything I don't about markets
               | generally and US sovereign debt markets in particular I
               | don't: fuck this HN shit and go trade it. You'll own HN
               | by the close of business tomorrow, and I will be the
               | least of your worries.
        
             | DeathArrow wrote:
             | Doesn't matter much when money can be printed by FED (which
             | is owned by banks, not by stste) or just made up out of
             | thin air by banks and financial institutions.
             | 
             | The gold in online games is fabbed the same way.
             | 
             | The only two reasons that makes it hold value is that is
             | the only sanctioned way to exchange goods and services and
             | the players trust it. Once one of the two reasons does not
             | exist, gold will not have any value, just like money in
             | real life.
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | The Federal Reserve system is a quasi-public, quasi-
               | private system. It's a public/private partnership, which
               | is actually a pretty sane default for how governments
               | should interact with banks.
               | 
               | Sloppy, leaky Venn diagrams are a fact of real life.
               | 
               | Let's try to avoid "Jews vote for Likud" or "nine eleven
               | was an inside job" type oversimplification?
               | 
               | It's complicated but for a good set of reasons.
        
               | PeterisP wrote:
               | As you note, the Fed lending policies do act as a money
               | source (when increasing supply) and also as a money sink
               | (when decreasing supply). That doesn't invalidate the
               | parent point that _taxes_ have nothing in common with a
               | money sink, since that mechanism (unlike Fed) doesn 't
               | affect money supply but rather simply moves it to
               | specific purchases/institutions.
        
           | DeathArrow wrote:
           | Can you share with us what you did explain to your brother?
        
             | benreesman wrote:
             | I'll do my best to be useful, with the caveat that
             | "monetary policy" is like, a PhD at a good school and
             | industry experience and stuff, it's a big field.
             | 
             | To address the particular point that he was replying to:
             | the government (especially the US government) has only one
             | money problem: does anyone lend them money (buy their
             | bonds) when they're picky about terms (floor on auction
             | optionally) at an acceptable overall outcome (you still
             | believe I can invade your country if you fuck around on
             | USD).
             | 
             | So it's simpler and faster and the math is easier to just
             | burn all the checks the IRS gets and make new ones at the
             | Fed.
             | 
             | Which is the same solution as all the games landed on.
        
               | DeathArrow wrote:
               | Well, money printing is taxation.
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | Only if it isn't offset by raw economic growth.
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | Technically incorrect in nitpick ways but substantially
               | the best intuition: the job of politicians and regulators
               | rounds to: "match the growth of the money supply to
               | people using skills to generate yet another round of
               | speculative but self-fulfilling growth projections with
               | the least amount of dumb rich kids having important
               | jobs".
               | 
               | To me at least, this sounds like a hard job in Athens
               | with the Bundesbank pardon the ECB breathing down your
               | neck, and a trivially easy job in Washington DC where you
               | can physically destroy anyone who disagrees with your
               | assertions about the value of anything.
               | 
               | Unfortunately the actual job has become: "maximize class
               | solidarity at any cost up to and including arbitrary
               | bloodshed".
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | No, a thousand times no.
               | 
               | Inflation wipes out the notional value of debts and
               | therefore favors the 80-90% of people whose finances are
               | dominated by a debt term. At the low end of being lucky
               | that debt term is unsecured dollar-valued debt like a
               | credit card. At the high end misguided boomers acting
               | against their own interest owe that debt as a 30 fixed
               | secured by a home.
               | 
               | The subset of boomers (or wannabe YC insiders) who suffer
               | at the hands of inflation are fucking vocal but
               | statistically irrelevant. The ratio of actual
               | financialization of actual asset classes to people who
               | whinge about "inflation" is maybe the stupidest thing
               | said stupidly constantly.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | Pretty good, but not complete because the money is gone in a
           | game's sink, whereas in the economy it's more cyclic. In
           | theory.
           | 
           | That said, video game economics are pretty fascinating. I
           | love reading writeups on Eve Online economics. I play FFXIV
           | myself which isn't as good as Eve when it comes to economy,
           | but interesting in its own rights. I wish it had buy orders
           | and the ability to buy individual items instead of whole
           | stacks, lol.
        
             | benreesman wrote:
             | I upvoted your comment for being high-value even though I
             | _think_ I disagree with the first half: "Chicago"  / "Fama"
             | strong-form EMH economics have had only a few brushes with
             | reality, so N equals "not enough", but I'm partial to the
             | 100% of the time it's been a disaster, the best example of
             | which is almost certainly Scholes' tenure at LTCM (and
             | "When Genius Fails" is a a drop everything, call in sick
             | and read today book), but even that is really just an
             | exclamation point on the whole post-Reagan world, the
             | criminally, well, crime of the Greenspan clique.
             | 
             | How a group of people can be wrong every time about
             | everything in stated ambition while acting in ways
             | completely consistent with Randian Objectivist Naziism in
             | practical terms, and not be hounded out of public life
             | bewilders me. There is probably no moment as simultaneously
             | classist and misogynistic and stupid as when Brinksley Born
             | got knee-capped for _being right about everything_ by
             | Summers, Greenspan, and Ruben with the Ghost of Future
             | Reich (Ayn Rand) looming ominously in the background.
             | 
             | The people running the show around here, the "effective
             | altruism" crowd like SBF and Altman and shit? They still
             | put Atlas Shrugged icons in their Mastodon chats long after
             | everyone without an agenda realized they're the new version
             | of old fascism.
        
             | ezrast wrote:
             | Not in all theory - Modern Monetary Theory[1] posits that
             | if you control a mint, your money is effectively infinite
             | and cannot be meaningfully increased. As such, some
             | taxation truly does serve only as a money sink (but a
             | necessary one that prevents runaway inflation in the face
             | of government spending, as well as being a vehicle for
             | incentivization).
             | 
             | [1] https://www.investopedia.com/modern-monetary-theory-
             | mmt-4588...
        
       | cowthulhu wrote:
       | I wonder if there's any chance that they were using the same RNG
       | on the server. Seems like you could theoretically exploit it if
       | so, given a very low usage server, low ping, ability to get a
       | decently precise window into the current state of the rng, and
       | ability to quickly generate another event with a high economic
       | variance tied to rng.
        
         | plorkyeran wrote:
         | Vanilla WoW used Mersenne Twister on the server, which has a
         | number of problems but isn't so trivially broken. They posted a
         | lot of the details how the server-side RNG worked in a (mostly
         | unsuccessful) attempt at killing the rumors around "loot seeds"
         | and such that superstitious players were utterly convinced were
         | a thing.
        
       | 38 wrote:
       | FYI your link color is almost unrecognizable. its basically a
       | (very) dark blue against black.
        
         | pests wrote:
         | You might be using a setting to force dark mode which has no
         | guarantees to be correct.
         | 
         | The site has white background with black text in normal and
         | darkmode. Could probably use a better stylesheet for darkmode
         | but disabling whatever you have on would probably also fix it.
        
           | 38 wrote:
           | > link color
        
             | pests wrote:
             | What?
             | 
             | If the link colors stay the color they were designed to be,
             | but you automatically convert the foreground and background
             | colors, you're gonna have a bad time.
             | 
             | If the site is black on white, with dark links, and you
             | change it to white on dark with dark links, the links are
             | gonna be hard to see.
             | 
             | That has nothing to do with the links, the issue is you
             | changed the primary colors without changing the link color!
        
               | 38 wrote:
               | you keep assuming I am using dark mode, I am not. I am
               | using the default browser settings. WITH THAT, the link
               | color is almost unrecognizable. it almost the exact color
               | of the surrounding text:
               | 
               | http://0x0.st/HU7r.png
               | 
               | compare with Wikipedia:
               | 
               | http://0x0.st/HU7s.png
        
               | pests wrote:
               | Sorry, I misread your original comment.
               | 
               | To me "very dark blue against a black" sounds like you
               | are talking about foreground and background colors.
        
       | hinkley wrote:
       | >security
       | 
       | I will be forever appalled that Blizzard rolled out two factor
       | authentication before stock trading services like E*Trade managed
       | it.
       | 
       | Bravo for Blizzard, shame on the rest of 'em. A _game_ company.
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | It doesn't seem that surprising to me. In the olden days, video
         | game companies served a slightly more technical user base, so
         | it makes sense that they'd be more willing to deal with 2FA.
         | Also, I don't think the legal system will help you recover your
         | SoJs.
        
         | profmonocle wrote:
         | I worked with someone who was a Blizzard GM around when they
         | rolled this out. Recovering stolen accounts was some absurdly
         | large % of their customer service tickets. People would use the
         | same email & password on WoW as on various shady / insecure
         | sites. Bots would try any stolen credentials en masse in WoW.
         | When they succeeded, not only would customer service need to
         | restore a user's access, they would need to roll back their
         | character to restore lost items and gold.
         | 
         | According to my coworker, adding 2FA was primarily about
         | reducing this customer service workload. Eventually they
         | encouraged it by adding in-game benefits, like additional bag
         | space for your character. Not sure they ever went as far as
         | mandating it.
        
           | Paul-Craft wrote:
           | So, what happened after they implemented it? Did CS tickets
           | actually go down a lot? Did it save them a ton of money and
           | hassle? You left off the best part of the story :-)
           | 
           | As for mandating it, I could see not requiring people who'd
           | already set up accounts to jump through this extra hoop to
           | play the game. I'm sure even a small percentage might not be
           | _able_ to jump through that hoop. I doubt it 's a significant
           | percentage, but I could see it becoming a PR hassle, and
           | those are the worst kinds of hassle from the POV of a
           | technical employee lol...
           | 
           | But for a new game? If the CS metrics reflected a big drop
           | relative to the number of people using 2FA, then I'd be sold
           | on requiring it.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | From what I understand it went down for a long time, but
             | what people did was if they managed to get into your
             | account the first thing they would do is remove the
             | authenticator. That involved entering a couple sequential
             | values. But if you set up the keylogger right, you could
             | trick users into failing the credential check 3 times at
             | login and get their account.
        
             | jonathanlydall wrote:
             | As a former GM, as at the time I left in 2012 I had never
             | encountered a case of a 2FA secured account getting hacked
             | and account compromises were easily >50% of our workload.
             | 
             | The problem had become that most players wouldn't add 2FA
             | to their accounts until AFTER they got hacked, so any in-
             | game incentive to add it was in our eyes a good one.
        
           | anonymoushn wrote:
           | Currently you cannot customize your group in group finder
           | without 2FA, so you cannot list a group for your friend's
           | keystone or specify what sorts of characters you would like
           | to join. It's quite annoying!
        
             | jonathanlydall wrote:
             | As a former Blizzard CS rep (I left in 2012), I can see why
             | they'd do things like this to convince people to add 2FA to
             | their accounts as most people wouldn't do so until AFTER
             | they were hacked for the first time.
             | 
             | Based on many players saying to me "I don't know why they
             | chose me", it seems that a lot of people don't realize that
             | account compromising is a drag-net operation, it's like a
             | fish thinking that there's no reason for them to be
             | targeted specifically by a fisher, without realizing that
             | fishing is such a large scale and impersonal activity.
        
           | jonathanlydall wrote:
           | As a former GM myself, can confirm all the above.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | Did they?
         | 
         | I found an article from March 2005 stating that ETrade will
         | soon launch 2fa [1]. And a similar article about Blizzard
         | launching 2fa from July 2008 [2]. Maaaybe ETrade took 3 years
         | from anouncement to launch, but I'm pretty sure I saw ETrade
         | branded RSA tokens around 2005, and Blizzard tokens later.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.computerworld.com/article/2569503/etrade-
         | touts-t...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.zdnet.com/article/blizzard-introducing-two-
         | facto...
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | Maybe introduced is the wrong word. Pushed might be closer.
           | 
           | At some point Blizzard was trying to make it sound like 2FA
           | was mandatory, and ETrade definitely had made a bit more
           | noise about them at that point, but Blizzard _campaigned_ to
           | get everyone on smart phone 2FA and E*trade did not.
           | 
           | Someone else said it might be demographics and I'm not
           | inclined to argue with them. But I think too, a lot of early
           | movers had those key fobs, and because they weren't on atomic
           | clock time they tended to drift and cause support nightmares.
           | I had 2FA at work a little before I had it in WoW and one of
           | us was having a problem practically every other week. That
           | was only dozens of people.
           | 
           | The smart phone answer was so, so much better. But it you
           | invested in fobs, it's like public infrastructure. Boston has
           | a shitty sewer system because it got firefighters before
           | Chicago and Seattle, which burned down after modern plumbing
           | more or less settled. See also Internet service in late
           | adopter towns versus early. Ripping out cost more than green
           | field.
        
         | saghm wrote:
         | Not only that, but they had dedicated hardware for it since
         | smartphones weren't ubiquitous yet. I still remember the first
         | time I saw a friend use one, and how mystified I was by this
         | mysterious "authenticator". It's still absolutely wild to me to
         | think about how ahead of the game Blizzard was on the 2FA
         | front.
         | 
         | They only recently replaced their dedicated smartphone app for
         | 2FA by rolling it into the existing Battle.net app. The 2FA
         | codes they use are longer than 6 digits, which I assume is why
         | they don't support something that can be used by more
         | "mainstream" 2FA apps; by the time those become established
         | enough to support third parties, I suspect their infrastructure
         | had been around long enough that it just wouldn't be worth
         | rewriting it. I do sometimes wonder if someday apps like Google
         | Authenticator will support a wider variety of TOTP
         | configurations; I think Steam also uses something non-standard,
         | which means the only mobile option is a dedicated app, and I'd
         | much rather not have to install extra apps just for 2FA
         | support.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | They handed them out at Blizzcon one year, but only one per
           | person, which I think was a mistake. Should have sent people
           | home to entice their friends.
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | The economics and incentives of RNGs are interesting. If nothing
       | is materially at stake ,an imperfect RNG, even a bad one,
       | suffices provided people cannot easily tell, such as games. But
       | if money is at stake or security, like crypto wallets or online
       | casinos, suddenly it matters A TON.
        
       | DonHopkins wrote:
       | When Variables Don't and Constants Aren't
        
         | maxbond wrote:
         | Interesting. Seems to be a meme with a deep history.
         | 
         | https://www.theregister.com/2006/07/26/constants_are_not/
         | 
         | > I first read the lament to the capricity of programming [in
         | the title of this piece, "Variables Won't Constants Aren't"] in
         | _Creative Computing_ , years before C was devised.
         | 
         | If there's a particular document you feel is canonical to this
         | meme, I'd be interested to read it.
        
           | anonymoushn wrote:
           | I suspect it's a math thing, because in math it actually
           | describes the normal state of affairs. Anyway, here it is in
           | a compilation of such sayings dated 1979:
           | https://www.cse.unr.edu/~sushil/quotes.html
        
             | maxbond wrote:
             | That document is a gem worth it's own submission. I'm sure
             | many of it's constituents have been on HN but I took a
             | glance and don't think it's ever been on HN[1], though it
             | appears a dead mirror was once posted with 0 interaction
             | [2].
             | 
             | Feel free to submit it if you want, otherwise I'd like to.
             | 
             | [1a] https://news.ycombinator.com/from?site=www.cse.unr.edu
             | 
             | [1b] https://news.ycombinator.com/from?site=unr.edu
             | 
             | [1c] https://hn.algolia.com/?query=Murphy%27s%20laws%20and%
             | 20coro...
             | 
             | [2] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2863516
        
               | anonymoushn wrote:
               | Go ahead.
        
       | lifthrasiir wrote:
       | While I never played WoW, I have heard that many addons used a
       | private chat as a means of inter-... whatever communication. If
       | there is a way, people will eventually find and use it.
        
         | robobro wrote:
         | As a means of what?
        
           | lifthrasiir wrote:
           | Like, sockets. (Addon instances are not processes, so it is
           | not exactly interprocess communication...)
        
           | taspeotis wrote:
           | Interprocess communication?
        
         | maxbond wrote:
         | I don't recall the name of the company but I read about a
         | startup who's product added chat features to a client's
         | website. They noticed a developer using it for IPC, and ended
         | up pivoting into making a product to enable IPC for web apps.
         | (Or inter-something, like you point out it's not an OS process,
         | it's an application-level process. Intertask communication if
         | your prefer.)
        
           | Philpax wrote:
           | Sounds like the story of Firebase?
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firebase
        
             | maxbond wrote:
             | I didn't find that specific story after searching for a few
             | minutes with Firebase as a keyword, but it does seem
             | plausible based on the summary on Wikipedia, at least if I
             | misremembered some details (which could well be).
        
           | chupapimunyenyo wrote:
           | Whose*
        
             | maxbond wrote:
             | You're right, and I do appreciate it, I ought to know that.
        
         | Hamuko wrote:
         | I think a lot of roleplaying addons exchanged information by
         | just having a public chat channel that just wasn't made visible
         | in the user interface. You could actually make it visible and
         | see the addon sending information to other users there.
        
         | onetoo wrote:
         | Not just private chat, almost any chat channel can be used[1].
         | It's quite common for certain addons to quietly share their
         | versions upon e.g. joining a group, so that you get a
         | notification if a new version is out. It's a bit of a longer
         | explanation, but another fun example of out-of-band privileged
         | information in World of Warcraft:
         | 
         | The "fight" between Blizzard's boss design and addon creators
         | trivializing said encounters is long and not worth going deeply
         | into. But, for example, if the strategy of a boss is "if you
         | get a glowing glyph over your head, run over there and stand in
         | a square formation with the other guys with glowing glyphs", an
         | addon could use hard-to-ignore sounds and visuals to tell you
         | that a) you have to run now, and b) exactly which corner of the
         | square formation to run to.
         | 
         | I believe that in the latest raid, the developers tried
         | restricted certain information from the API (e.g. "there is a
         | glyph over the player's head") in an attempt to reduce that
         | kind of strategy automation. The players then proceeded to
         | manually feed this information (e.g. "i have a glyph over my
         | head") into their addons using buttons mapped to API calls like
         | this, allowing for partial automation (e.g. "your corner in the
         | formation is top-left"). This stirred quite the drama, but the
         | that's besides the point.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://wowpedia.fandom.com/wiki/API_C_ChatInfo.SendAddonMes...
        
       | hota_mazi wrote:
       | Related: https://www.beust.com/weblog/various-ways-to-get-
       | randomness-...
        
       | smeeth wrote:
       | "Any one who considers arithmetical methods of producing random
       | digits is, of course, in a state of sin. For, as has been pointed
       | out several times, there is no such thing as a random number --
       | there are only methods to produce random numbers, and a strict
       | arithmetic procedure of course is not such a method." - John von
       | Neumann
        
         | NohatCoder wrote:
         | As a cryptographer I can't stand this quote. Nothing against
         | Neumann, but the people who choose to spread it as sage wisdom
         | really only manage to convey misinformation. In context it is a
         | superfluous philosophy quip.
         | 
         | We have had fast reliable cryptographic random number
         | generators for decades. They really do work with just a tiny
         | seed and a bunch of arithmetic. The numbers produced are
         | indistinguishable from any other proper random source, and they
         | work for any purpose.
         | 
         | Too many people don't understand this, and entire companies are
         | founded on selling snake oil true random.
        
       | gometo wrote:
       | Akun vip
        
       | stevekemp wrote:
       | See also that time when hacker news was hacked, due to weak
       | random numbers:
       | 
       | How I Hacked Hacker News (with arc security advisory):
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=639976
        
       | nneonneo wrote:
       | Weirdly, I answered almost exactly the same "invert the RNG"
       | question on StackOverflow
       | (https://stackoverflow.com/a/15237585/1204143) just a few months
       | before you posted your question to Crypto.SE, except that I
       | attacked the Java RNG instead of the MSVC RNG. They both use a
       | simple LCG design where outputs are truncations of the internal
       | state, so the attacks are very similar to each other.
        
         | hayley-patton wrote:
         | I'm not very good at maths so I let Z3 work out some convenient
         | seeds for me, leading to                   import
         | java.util.Random;         public class Hayley {
         | public static void main(String... args) {
         | byte[] b1 = new byte[4], b2 = new byte[2];
         | (new Random(0x2effe2140e00L)).nextBytes(b1);
         | (new Random(0xc2f0097)).nextBytes(b2);
         | System.out.println(new String(b1) + new String(b2));
         | }         }
        
       | xenonite wrote:
       | Even worse, the given linear congruential RNG yields only 12445
       | distinct numbers, then repeats itself. It would be sensible to
       | simply use better parameters for this algorithm.
        
         | smallstepforman wrote:
         | Engineering is a compromise, for simple tasks (eg motion of
         | particle is smoke trail exhaust), you need a simple yet FAST
         | rng. For cryptography, casino gaming etc, not only do you use a
         | better Rng with at least 32 byte state, you also cycle the
         | engine at random intervals to further prevent predicting the
         | outcome.
        
           | loeg wrote:
           | An LCG with better parameters would be just as fast.
        
       | jonathanlydall wrote:
       | A bit tangential, but a related fun story from many years ago
       | during my time as a WoW GM.
       | 
       | There was a popular add-on (Titan Bar I think?) that had a bug in
       | one of its versions where it would always call the API which
       | showed the "write a ticket to a GM UI", if you tried to cancel
       | it, then it would just pop up again, the only way to stop this
       | dialog from being in the way (aside from uninstalling the
       | problematic add-on) was to put something in the text box and
       | press submit.
       | 
       | It was a very bad day or two for the GMs, many players didn't
       | even know about GMs or that that you could submit tickets to
       | them, and trying to explain to a customer that you're a customer
       | service representative who's contacting them because they
       | submitted a ticket likely due their one add-on was more often
       | than not a tricky one.
       | 
       | Because it essentially destroyed the ability to perform
       | reasonable customer service response times the developers put out
       | a hotfix which also put that API call behind protection, making
       | it impossible to be called except from Blizzard's own LUA code.
        
         | anonymoose33282 wrote:
         | Titan Panel I think was the name? It was the one that kinda
         | "unified" a lot of UI elements into one bar (total gold, repair
         | percentage, stuff like that).
        
       | aatd86 wrote:
       | Summary in simpler terms?
       | 
       | So it's just because the actions in game where functions which
       | were assigned an id and callable by id.
       | 
       | Then because OP was able to reverse engineer that id generator,
       | OP was able to call whatever he wanted once he tested what id was
       | doing what.
       | 
       | Didn't read the math in the middle, I could get it but takes too
       | much time at my age nowadays.
        
         | nkrisc wrote:
         | The IDs are arbitrary and chosen by the author.
         | 
         | Outside the secure context they had the information to select
         | which (arbitrary) ID they wanted to pass into the secure
         | context. So they call `random()` until they know the next call
         | to it will produce the desired ID. Then they pass control to
         | the secure context which calls `random()` and uses the result
         | as a the ID to lookup what action to take in the same arbitary
         | ID<->action mapping table.
        
           | aatd86 wrote:
           | Ahem, They are only chosen by the author for the goal of
           | reverse engineering and finding valid ids.
           | 
           | But he doesn't assign ids manually when writing the scripts.
           | 
           | As far as I understand.
        
             | nkrisc wrote:
             | It doesn't really make a difference either way. You could
             | wait for a number to come up that would match the game's ID
             | for the action you want to take, or an arbitrary one from a
             | table you hardcoded in the secure function call.
             | 
             | As long as you have a method for knowing the next outcome
             | of the random call, that's all you need.
        
       | Arech wrote:
       | yep, and I'm aware of a data encryption product that was hacked
       | by utilizing exactly the same technique. As dumb as it could be:
       | they promised billions of years an attacker need to decipher
       | data, but were using a dead simple LCG to make a key and a salt.
       | And the salt was stored in a crypto container in open form (b/c
       | it's a salt). :facepalm: Don't implement data encryption on your
       | own, kids...
        
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