[HN Gopher] 'This Has Been Going on for Years': Boeing's Manufac...
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       'This Has Been Going on for Years': Boeing's Manufacturing Mess
        
       Author : eduction
       Score  : 148 points
       Date   : 2024-01-13 12:00 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.wsj.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.wsj.com)
        
       | dangle1 wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/C9kRR
        
       | jqpabc123 wrote:
       | Eventually, Boeing management will probably decide it is cheaper
       | to just buy planes from Airbus with the word "Boeing"
       | conspicuously engraved on various components.
       | 
       | American management style is to focus on marketing as the source
       | of all revenue to be exalted. Engineering, design and
       | manufacturing are expenses to be minimized and controlled.
       | 
       | Right now, Boeing management is looking hard to find reasonable
       | manufacturing scapegoats and when they do, heads will roll.
       | Clearly, management had no involvement.
       | 
       | Gives you that warm, fuzzy and safe feeling doesn't it?
        
         | megablast wrote:
         | Why would an airline buy an Airbus, or a Boeing branded Airbus
         | with Boeing markup?
        
       | rdtsc wrote:
       | https://archive.is/t0lZc
        
       | Morte42 wrote:
       | Boeing intentionally spread its operations to as many states as
       | possible in the US to guarantee itself some level of privilege
       | amongst a large number of politicians from both major parties.
       | There are clearly downsides to having manufacturing split up like
       | this but the decision wasn't made for its engineering perks.
       | Boeing is a sinking ship but nobody is eager to rock the boat
       | lest their part of the ship take on more water than the others.
        
         | stefan_ wrote:
         | That's not really any different from how Airbus works (and
         | explicitly so). But I learned that Boeing literally outsourced
         | the fuselage and that makes you wonder if they are really fit
         | to build airplanes...
        
           | Sirizarry wrote:
           | Do you have an article or two where I could start the airbus
           | rabbit hole?
        
           | dreamcompiler wrote:
           | Boeing outsourced the fuselage to Boeing in Wichita, which
           | had always built them. Boeing spun off that branch into a
           | separate company now called Spirit, which is still basically
           | Boeing except for its name.
        
             | hakfoo wrote:
             | If it's "still Boeing except for the name", that still
             | smells funny.
             | 
             | They got something out of spawning a new corporate entity.
             | Without a convincing TL;DR I think most of us will assume
             | it's for reasons that sound good to Boeing business people,
             | but not to outside people. (I. e. being a "new entity" to
             | avoid existing labour contracts, or serving as a liability
             | firewall in the event chunks of plane start flying off)
        
             | panick21_ wrote:
             | Spirit is not just Boeing. Since the Spin-out Spirit has
             | been buying many other companies and they are a supplier to
             | both Boeing and Airbus. About 65% of their costumer base is
             | Boeing. Spirit is a totally independent company.
        
         | HeWhoLurksLate wrote:
         | Lockheed Martin similarly has operations spread out to curry
         | favors, but they also seem to build reliable stuff...
        
           | damiankennedy wrote:
           | The F-35 has been plagued with defects. Even the ejector seat
           | had a defect.
        
             | HeWhoLurksLate wrote:
             | ...okay then, looks like I was wrong. Guess they have a
             | better PR department?
        
               | DoingIsLearning wrote:
               | Boeing's (aeronautic business) end-users are millions of
               | passengers, Lockheed Martin's end-users are Defense and
               | Intelligence. No need for damage control if mum's the
               | word.
        
               | inferiorhuman wrote:
               | They were "smart" enough to get out of the airliner
               | business after the rather spectacular failure of the
               | L-1011 and the whole wings falling off thing they went
               | through with the Electra.
               | 
               | The military has a much higher tolerance for bullshit.
               | The wings keep falling off the C-130 and the military
               | keeps flying them (and the C-5).
        
               | hypercube33 wrote:
               | I can't find a lot about c130 wings falling off. I found
               | this which implies a known problem for c130a's wingbox
               | which has a billion to retrofit with a new design -
               | https://theaviationgeekclub.com/the-sad-story-of-
               | tanker-130-...
               | 
               | Any more information?
        
               | inferiorhuman wrote:
               | Not much more information, but it's happened a few times.
               | 
               | https://www.iprr.org/comps/T82story.htm
               | 
               | https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/c130-crash-
               | of-197...
               | 
               | https://www.defensedaily.com/hercules-crash-in-baghdad-
               | point...
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | But the most recent incident you've cited is 18 years
               | old. I'd hardly say "they keep falling off and they keep
               | flying them" for that.
        
             | janice1999 wrote:
             | Breaking the pilots neck is indeed a defect! [0]
             | 
             | There were also serious issues with ejector sear components
             | that affected dozens of other aircraft. [1]
             | 
             | Here's a depressing read: "All The Ways The F-35 Tried To
             | Kill Its Pilot Prior To Eglin AFB Crash" [2]
             | 
             | [0] https://www.defensenews.com/breaking-
             | news/2015/10/14/usaf-ac...
             | 
             | [1] https://www.defensenews.com/air/2022/08/15/all-us-air-
             | force-...
             | 
             | [2] https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/36970/all-the-
             | ways-the...
        
             | fransje26 wrote:
             | They have so many defects, they stopped communicating about
             | them (since 2021 if I recall properly?), and until that
             | point, the list had only been ever-increasing.
             | 
             | By the time they stopped communicating about the (800+)
             | unsolved issues, they had more than 2 dozens potentially
             | lethal for the pilots.
             | 
             | For the fun: https://archive.is/eA7Rr
        
       | rdtsc wrote:
       | The paper from 2001 by Dr. LJ Hart-Smith, referenced in the
       | article is just as interesting as the article itself
       | https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/69746-hart-smith-on-...
       | 
       | If you squint, could apply some of those observation to the world
       | of software.
       | 
       | For a TL;DR just skip to Hart-Smith's recommendations list at the
       | end of the paper. Here are the ones I liked:
       | 
       | > Look continuously at the entire activity. Do not minimize costs
       | in isolation. Understand that one global cost minimization is
       | worth far more than even 20 sub-optimum cost reductions.
       | 
       | > Retain sufficient in-house production manufacturing that it is
       | possible for future engineers to acquire the skills needed to
       | develop new products, without which all businesses will fail.
       | Even the work that is out-sourced requires internal expertise to
       | write the specifications.
       | 
       | > Acknowledge that cost-saving techniques that work in other
       | high-volume industries are often quite inappropriate for low-
       | volume industries like aerospace.
       | 
       | > Listen more to your own employees about how to save cost than
       | to any outside business consultants who have never run a factory
       | producing your kind of product. In any event, if the advice they
       | offer changes every year, it cannot possibly be correct.
        
         | baby wrote:
         | > Retain sufficient in-house production manufacturing that it
         | is possible for future engineers to acquire the skills needed
         | to develop new products, without which all businesses will
         | fail. Even the work that is out-sourced requires internal
         | expertise to write the specifications.
         | 
         | Damn, that really reminds me of a previous company I worked
         | for, that wanted to replace important core internal libraries
         | with open source libraries. My argument was always that we
         | should always have in-house knowledge of the core technologies.
         | I think a lot of companies fail to think long-term.
         | 
         | > Listen more to your own employees about how to save cost than
         | to any outside business consultants who have never run a
         | factory producing your kind of product. In any event, if the
         | advice they offer changes every year, it cannot possibly be
         | correct.
         | 
         | This one is the difference between management-driven company
         | and engineers-driven company.
        
           | groestl wrote:
           | Open source is different, in that you as a company can become
           | maintainer and therefore expert of that component _and_
           | profit of other work being upstreamed. In case the library is
           | not your USP, I think it's not that clear cut.
        
             | paulryanrogers wrote:
             | USP?
        
               | Swenrekcah wrote:
               | unique selling point is my guess
        
               | groestl wrote:
               | Exactly
        
               | groestl wrote:
               | Unique Selling Proposition. If the thing the library
               | implements does not substantially differentiate your
               | company from others, it's a candidate to be maintained as
               | open source project. For example, just become an expert
               | ffmpeg user if you're a live streaming service. Your USP
               | is your content, transcoding just needs to work. In
               | contrast, if you're Dolby, that would probably not be the
               | right strategy.
        
             | dehrmann wrote:
             | Or in the context of Boeing, Boeing shouldn't be in the
             | business of making its own bolts. An internal lack of bolt
             | expertise isn't what caused the door plug to fly out.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | I can hire people who have expertise in oss libraries. I have
           | to build people who have expertise in our in house stuff.
           | 
           | Importantly, we can sit around and bond over bitching about
           | how bad one of those libraries is. If the authors are or were
           | internal, we are now being divisive and unprofessional.
        
           | AmericanOP wrote:
           | Its the fundamental flaw of outsourcing manufacturing abroad.
           | You cede all growth from innovation.
        
         | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
         | _> Retain sufficient in-house production manufacturing that it
         | is possible for future engineers to acquire the skills needed
         | to develop new products, without which all businesses will
         | fail. Even the work that is out-sourced requires internal
         | expertise to write the specifications._
         | 
         | That's the biggie. I think the entire US tech industry has done
         | a gigantic face-plant, when it comes to this.
         | 
         | We have not only outsourced the work, but we have interrupted
         | the transfer of knowledge and expertise.
         | 
         | I have friends that run manufacturing businesses, and they
         | explained how they believe that the US will never regain what
         | it has given away, in the last couple of decades.
        
           | josho wrote:
           | I've seen a variation of this problem firsthand.
           | 
           | Working at a cable company where they contracted out to
           | vendors most of their software development. They had a few
           | internal systems that they developed in-house and would only
           | hire 'senior' developers. I was curious how they expected to
           | have a steady supply of 'senior' skills without ever hiring,
           | training, and promoting a junior.
           | 
           | I also saw they had no idea how to manage their vendors,
           | partly because they didn't have in-house skills to serve as a
           | sanity check on what vendors were charging. As a result,
           | their vendors profited hugely from the company's ignorance (I
           | know because I also switched to work for one of the vendors).
        
             | stalfosknight wrote:
             | This has been my pet peeve for a long time now. Just about
             | every job listing insists on seniors only and they
             | companies complain there aren't enough developers.
        
               | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
               | _> seniors only_
               | 
               | But under 35 (they don't _usually_ say that part, out
               | loud, though).
               | 
               | That's _my_ pet peeve.
        
             | kypro wrote:
             | I've seen exactly the same thing at a couple of companies
             | I've worked at in the past too. One specifically outsourced
             | all of their development because it was deemed to be
             | cheaper (which it was), but after a few years without any
             | in-house technical expertise to oversee development they'd
             | run into all kinds of issues with bugs, outages, slow load
             | times, etc.
             | 
             | For a period when these issues occurred the business could
             | say that they wanted the issues patched, but they never
             | understood why there were so many issues to begin with. It
             | was only until they brought a few people in house to try to
             | bridge conversations between the business and the team of
             | outsourced developers that it was finally raised that the
             | code was completely unmaintainable. And following this an
             | in house team was recruited to bring development back in-
             | house. Of course, when we sorted 90% of the problems the
             | business started questioning why we were needed again and
             | we were all outsourced for a second time...
             | 
             | But this same thing obviously happens in a lot high-tech
             | industries. Without people who are technically competent
             | overseeing what's happening you can only dictate
             | requirements at a high level. You cannot dictate all of the
             | NFRs because you simply do not have the knowledge or
             | ability to oversee them. So what you have is something that
             | at a surface level does what you wanted, but the execution
             | is so horrendous that it's unsatisfactory and no amount of
             | saying "please fix this", "please fix that" will actually
             | resolve the fundamental issue at play.
             | 
             | And the problem is even worse when you want to be an
             | innovator because innovation is impossible when you don't
             | know what is and isn't possible. To push boundaries you
             | first need to know where the hard limitations are and
             | what's just a engineering problem.
        
           | JeffSnazz wrote:
           | > they explained how they believe that the US will never
           | regain what it has given away, in the last couple of decades.
           | 
           | Sure we can. It requires pivoting into stealing or otherwise
           | replicating China's insane level of industrialization, but
           | it's a little funny seeing people become despondent at the
           | idea of merely losing clear economic hegemony over the world
           | and becoming #2. We didn't lose anything in the last 5
           | decades we can't gain back faster.
           | 
           | Here's hoping China's reign comes with fewer invasions.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | The US has not lost industry. We have lost unskilled and
             | semi-skilled grunt labors, but there is a lot of
             | manufacturing happening here and a lot of expertise. If you
             | want to cut a piece of metal by hand to high accuracy -
             | sorry we have moved all that to CNC (often laser) cutters
             | and nobody remembers how to do it anymore. However if you
             | want to take those cut parts and assemble them into
             | something - there is plenty of expertise to be had.
        
               | wkat4242 wrote:
               | > If you want to cut a piece of metal by hand to high
               | accuracy - sorry we have moved all that to CNC (often
               | laser) cutters and nobody remembers how to do it anymore.
               | 
               | That's just the tooling keeping up with the times. The
               | Chinese don't do this by hand either.
               | 
               | They're just way better at doing it at volume.
        
               | JeffSnazz wrote:
               | > The US has not lost industry.
               | 
               | Compared to China's absolutely staggering
               | industrialization it has!
        
             | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
             | I believe in something called "Social Infrastructure"[0].
             | That's basically what folks might label "tribal knowledge,"
             | but it goes far deeper.
             | 
             | This is something that takes _generations_ to build, but
             | can get lost, very quickly.
             | 
             | Folks, these days, aren't actually any smarter than our
             | ancestors. We just have a vast social infrastructure that
             | raises the baseline for our starting point.
             | 
             | [0] https://littlegreenviper.com/miscellany/infrastructure/
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | I came to say much the same thing, but specifically about IT.
           | 
           | I used to run architectural ideas by operations people who
           | would - and occasionally did - tell me I was full of shit.
           | Maybe 1 in 10 of us are brave enough to to this, 1 in 6 if we
           | are generous, but now there is nobody to tell us we are being
           | stupid before we steer the ship toward an iceberg.
        
           | bboygravity wrote:
           | Same in Europe.
           | 
           | I've worked at 2 companies now that have been eaten by bigger
           | ones and pretty much instantly moved to lower income
           | countries. Both in manufacturing, one in aerospace.
        
         | Aloha wrote:
         | Whats _most_ interesting to me, is he 's a former DAC person
         | not a former Boeing one, and he saw first hand how outsourcing
         | harmed DAC/MDC - particularly this section which caught my
         | attention:
         | 
         | "The correctness of the author's position' on these matters is
         | easily confirmed by two facts. It was the suppliers who made
         | all the profits on the extensively out-sourced DC-10s, not the
         | so-called systems-integrating prime manufacturer. (The same
         | thing has happened on aircraft assembled by Boeing, in Seattle,
         | too.) Also, when plans were being formulated for the proposed
         | MD-12 very large transport aircraft, almost all potential
         | suppliers indicated a preference for being subcontractors
         | rather than risk-sharing "partners". Could they have known more
         | about maximizing profits, minimizing risk, etc., than the prime
         | manufacturer who sought their help even though it could borrow
         | money at lower rates of interest than potential suppliers
         | could? The DC-8 was manufactured and assembled almost entirely
         | within the Long Beach plant, with only the nose coming from
         | Santa Monica. That policy was changed after the acquisition of
         | the former Douglas Aircraft Company by the former McDonnell
         | Aircraft Company, but the change did not improve the company's
         | profitability. It is time for Boeing to reverse this policy."
         | 
         | This closing also caught my eye -
         | 
         | "The fate of the former Douglas Aircraft Company, which was
         | reduced to a systems integrator in the early 1970s by excessive
         | outsourcing of DC-10 production, is a clear indicator of what
         | will happen to other companies which fail to sustain the
         | conditions under which it is possible to launch new products.
         | It is hoped that this sacrifice can save the new and expanded
         | Boeing from a similar fate."
         | 
         | Boeing in the end took the track that led to DAC functionally
         | going out of business, putting thousands out of work in the
         | end. It's not too late to undo it however - buying Spirit back
         | would be one way to go about doing it - but I dont know if the
         | Boeing management is aware enough being that the headquarters
         | is in Arlington, VA, far away from any engineering or
         | manufacturing centers that this is what must be done.
         | 
         | Whats even more astounding to me, this made the Seattle Times
         | in 2003(!),
         | https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=20030309&slug...
        
         | mckn1ght wrote:
         | I saw another one of his gems the other day in another thread:
         | 
         | > "The performance of the prime manufacturer can never exceed
         | the capabilities of the least proficient of the suppliers,"
         | Hart-Smith wrote. "These costs do not vanish merely because the
         | work itself is out-of-sight."
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38980098
        
           | hencq wrote:
           | That line is quoted in the article (and in fact the comment
           | cites the article)
        
       | outside1234 wrote:
       | Note: Alan Mulally, CEO of Boeing, was briefly in the running for
       | CEO at instead of Satya. Just shocking to think how bad a choice
       | that would have been.
       | 
       | * https://www.businessinsider.com/alan-mulally-as-microsoft-ce...
        
         | chihuahua wrote:
         | Very interesting, I had no idea.
         | 
         | After all these years, I'm still stunned that Microsoft got a
         | new CEO who didn't run it into the ground. They used to make so
         | many bone-headed decisions at the top levels.
        
           | Spooky23 wrote:
           | They were comically thin skinned in the Ballmer era. My boss
           | used to have us flaunt MacBooks and iPhones when we would
           | have senior MS execs come in to get yelled at or for a hard
           | negotiation.
           | 
           | They'd get visibly agitated. It was funny.
        
           | wkat4242 wrote:
           | They did but running it into the ground they did not.
           | Questionable business practices sure, but they were
           | successful.
        
       | gumby wrote:
       | This point (I put it in italics) should be discussed more:
       | 
       | > At the time, then-Boeing executive Alan Mulally said _selling
       | the factory to a private-equity firm_ would let Boeing focus on
       | final assembly, where it could add the most value to its
       | airplanes.
       | 
       | By now I think we've learned that products made in factories
       | owned by PE firms should carry warning labels. They are
       | proactively anti-quality organizations, focused on extracting the
       | maximum cash out in the short term at the cost of long term
       | value.
        
         | ldoughty wrote:
         | You could say the same about publicity traded companies.
         | 
         | It all depends on who is in charge... And unfortunately self-
         | serving people tend to reach the top more easily in both
         | scenarios. You don't get Dan Price's very often (relatively).
         | 
         | In public companies, there is more public information, but that
         | doesn't stop a company from doing "bad" things of the short
         | term stock movement is good enough.
         | 
         | Look at all the merger promises that are broken. They all know
         | what they are doing. Uphold the promise a year, then it's to
         | late to undo the merger when you start to ignore the promise.
         | 
         | Can also look at all the fines companies get for willfully
         | breaking laws (or treading the line).. (fine < profits)?
         | success!
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | I think the PE companies have a specifically pathological and
           | parasitic business model. There is more info about public
           | companies and the majority of them don't suffer from the
           | things you mention (which are real phenomena), and when they
           | occur in the majority they do more from incompetence than
           | malice. (I'm not talking about microcap companies).
           | 
           | The PE model is: - buy company with debt. - after purchase
           | company assumes the debt (pays off PE company) and pays
           | further fees to acquirer - company therefore cannot make a
           | profit, cuts staff which cuts output over time - company goes
           | bankrupt
           | 
           | This is the canonical business model from the big PE
           | companies like Bain (Romney), KKR, Blackstone, CVC, Carlyle,
           | etc.
        
             | whatshisface wrote:
             | Something does not add up. Banks would not lend to PE firms
             | of they would all then go on to default.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | It's syndicated. The initial lenders make money off of a
               | variety of tax and other schemes.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | That's missing a lot of steps... Like how to profit by
               | not being paid back for the money you loaned!
        
               | mrcode007 wrote:
               | It's siphoned off the acquisition target
        
               | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
               | the business goes bankrupt and the bank is ahead of
               | customers and employees in line for who gets paid first.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | So the scheme is to get in debt to unsophisticated
               | lenders (employees and customers), take the money out,
               | and finally default?
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | The initial lenders aren't idiots. This is a multi-
               | billion dollar business. They sell the obligation to
               | another sucker, who will often bundle it with a bunch of
               | other debt (good or bad) and sell it to institutional
               | investors.
               | 
               | Your 401k in 2008 or whatever had some shitty balanced
               | fund that held 0.5% of assets in some toxic shit like
               | Sears/K-Mart for the "high yield" portion of the fixed
               | income component. So you make some money on government,
               | agency and Apple/Exxon bonds, and get a high yield on
               | K-Mart that goes poof a year later.
        
               | boeingUH60 wrote:
               | Please explain these mysterious tax schemes you're
               | hinting at...
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | Banks get their money back. Debt is second in line (after
               | taxes) in bankruptcy.
        
               | tome wrote:
               | You're completely right that it does not add up. PE
               | detractors really need to be able to explain how this
               | observation fits in with their analysis.
        
               | wewxjfq wrote:
               | The companies have to refinance their debt perpetually to
               | avoid default, which is where the banks make money. Also,
               | that debt will then be repackaged and sold to others, so
               | the banks won't be the bag holders.
        
               | ImPostingOnHN wrote:
               | It's been explained multiple times in this thread.
               | 
               | tl;dr: the "observation" is made-up and false.
        
             | MostlyStable wrote:
             | -edit- I realized that part of it is that you are
             | conflating "the big PE firms" and "all of PE". I guess the
             | TL:DR of my comment is: don't' do that. The big firms are
             | not all of PE and you should probably avoid ascribing what
             | they do to all of PE as a category. Ok, the rest is my
             | original comment.
             | 
             | You just can't generalize like that. My step dad was
             | brought on as the CEO of a small Ag manufacturing company
             | when it was acquired by a PE firm. He is an engineer. He's
             | been in charge now for close to 10 years. He has developed
             | new products, invested in procedures and protocols, and in
             | general focused on an increase in quality and repeatability
             | of procedures while bringing new products into development.
             | He cares deeply about the company (and has in fact tried at
             | least once to buy it from the PE firm)
             | 
             | This might very well be a non-central example (I certainly
             | don't have industry wide stats to argue either way), but
             | the point is that there is nothing _inherent_ to PE that
             | means companies have to be cut to the bone and stripped for
             | parts. Yes, it absolutely can and does happen, but it 's
             | not _because_ it 's PE that's doing it.
             | 
             | I'm fully willing to believe that the big PE firms that
             | everyone thinks of when they make statements like yours
             | have exactly the track record you claim. But it's not
             | _because_ they are PE. Smaller PE firms like the one my
             | step dad works for is proof-by-existence that responsible
             | PE is not an oxymoron.
        
               | KerrAvon wrote:
               | PE is notorious for buying firms with debt and then
               | driving them into bankruptcy by loading them with that
               | debt. It's the only thing they're notable for. They've
               | essentially killed all traditional US brick and mortar
               | retail -- it wasn't Amazon alone; it was crushing debt
               | load and/or profits siphoned off to the PE firm instead
               | of reinvesting in the business.
               | 
               | If you don't want your stepdad associated with those
               | monsters, find a different term to describe his work.
        
               | mise_en_place wrote:
               | This is just way out of touch. How do you think Elon
               | raised funds for buying Twitter? PE is the only way to
               | fundraise outside of going public.
        
               | AceJohnny2 wrote:
               | The whole Twitter debacle isn't an example of PE being
               | good for anything, you know.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | You can, you know, just sell bonds in the traditional
               | way, which IIRC is how he did it and is why banks are in
               | a hole.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | Well it's true there's a spectrum: venture capital is a
               | tiny corner (really just a pimple) of the private equity
               | space. But there are tiny PE buyout funds doing the same
               | -- look at Bending Spoons who is discussed on HN for how
               | they manage acquisitions like Evernote.
        
             | boeingUH60 wrote:
             | The model of most PE firms is to buy a company and sell it
             | for a higher price later.
             | 
             | What you said happens various times, especially with the
             | big PE firms, but it's not the norm.
             | 
             | You really think banks will be lending to PE deals if the
             | business model is to make the company bankrupt?
        
               | antihipocrat wrote:
               | Yes, that is the model. Large short term profits can be
               | made if costs are cut. The idea is that the PE firm loads
               | the target asset with debt, then drastically cuts labor,
               | capital maintenance and other costs. The balance sheet
               | looks good, and profits rise for a few years. The PE firm
               | then sells the asset for profit.
               | 
               | The buyer, and sometimes even taxpayers, are left holding
               | the bag when things start breaking. The PE firm knows
               | exactly what it's doing
               | 
               | Thames Water is the classic example:
               | 
               | https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-12245021/Thames-
               | Wat...
               | 
               | The large PE asset management firms don't need the banks
               | to lend them money.. they have more than enough capital
               | to fund their investments.
        
               | fuzzfactor wrote:
               | >Large short term profits can be made if costs are cut.
               | 
               | What else can a "businessperson" do if they don't have
               | the acumen to build up corporate value at all compared to
               | those who came before and laid the foundations to begin
               | with?
               | 
               | The purpose of the stock exchange was to make it possible
               | for a diverse bunch of investors to come together and
               | fund the growing needs of a growing country.
               | 
               | IOW the type of shareholders that this was designed to be
               | suitable for are those who are actually _investing_ in
               | the registered corporations so those corporations can
               | level up to accomodate unmet demand and grow capabilities
               | to reach a more prosperous stability, thereby providing a
               | fair but lucrative return for the investors over time. As
               | the corporations grow in value so do the shares,
               | naturally.
               | 
               | OTOH once the _market_ has been established, and
               | especially in case it grows faster than the underlying
               | value for a long enough period of time (like longer than
               | one human lifetime, or longer than a single business
               | career[0]), then a sizable amount of  "investment"
               | capital can end up manipulating the system to extract
               | established value through their trading[1]. Especially
               | when it comes to things like voting shares and mergers &
               | acquisitions. Probably the longer a corporation has been
               | publicly traded can figure prominently since that can be
               | a corporation living longer than a human lifetime too.
               | 
               | So rather than _investing value beneficially_ , you end
               | up with large chunks of capital actively working to
               | _extract value parasitically_ [2], which is like a
               | double-whammy, and eventually the stock exchange and the
               | market it spawned are not working as intended at all.
               | 
               | Maybe just the opposite.
               | 
               | IOOW with Boeing the value was lost a long time ago with
               | an unfavorable merger, and every _stakeholder_ has been
               | doing without ever since. It 's just becoming unbearably
               | impossible to ignore any more.
               | 
               | It just so happens that with an aircraft company, it's
               | not only the shareholders, employees, and customers of
               | Boeing who make up the majority of stakeholders. The
               | flying public (who pays for it all to begin with)
               | participates in far greater numbers and depends on the
               | product aircraft with more of a life-or-death risk factor
               | than the stakeholders who are on the financial receiving
               | end.
               | 
               | And it all comes down to integrity.
               | 
               | Some business operators are still traditionally astute
               | enough to create value where everyone financially
               | involved gets their money's worth.
               | 
               | Others never will be able to accomplish this, and lots of
               | them know who they are from the beginning and have had a
               | lifetime focusing their efforts on ways not to give
               | people their money's worth. Sometimes with the most
               | insidious strategies.
               | 
               | And that's merely from poor integrity, even when ethics
               | are not fully compromised.
               | 
               | Now look what happens when the ethics go out the window
               | too . . .
               | 
               | Well that whooshed by and most people never saw it
               | coming.
               | 
               | [0] where some may rake it in and retire early from a
               | relatively short career.
               | 
               | [1] often including long-ago established value or utility
               | that is now irreplaceable economically or legally.
               | 
               | [2] from anything smaller or less powerful in their path,
               | with who knows what kind of motivation not aligned with
               | the growing needs of a growing mother country.
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | Sounds plausible. I assume they could cobble together a
               | strategy where the company limps along zombie-like while
               | interest rates are very low, then when rates go up they
               | lots of companies go bankrupt simultaneously, a crisis is
               | declared and the public takes on the losses. There are
               | some obvious risks, but the middle managers don't have to
               | worry to much and the big shot callers are presumably
               | secure in their ability to influence politicians.
               | 
               | That was pretty much Silicon Valley Bank as I recall.
               | Very high risk business model; turns out the plan when
               | the bomb exploded was to change the regulations so that
               | someone else held the risk.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | SVB's failure was due to the same trigger but opposite
               | impact. Banks in the US have to hold a percentage of
               | their deposits in something safe and liquid. SVB made a
               | big bet on low interest rates, buying a lot of government
               | debt (safest available), but when interest rates went up
               | the value of those bonds went down ( who'd buy one that
               | paid low interest rate when higher was on offer?).
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | > You really think banks will be lending to PE deals if
               | the business model is to make the company bankrupt?
               | 
               | Sure, as long as they get their money back before
               | bankruptcy occurs.
        
               | ImPostingOnHN wrote:
               | Yes, the pattern seems to be to quickly transfer value
               | from the company to the PE firm, or directly into the
               | pockets of the PE managers and friends, even if it
               | hollows out the company and leaves it a shriveled mess.
               | 
               | As an example, the PE firm owning our company recently
               | mandated that we switch our tooling from X to a more
               | expensive Y, because Y is owned by the PE firm, and doing
               | so makes the PE firm more money, at the expense of our
               | company. This pattern repeated for multiple solutions we
               | used.
               | 
               | Sometimes the PE firm will literally tear the company
               | apart to sell the pieces, inventory, equipment, etc. The
               | goal is to make money. That _might_ come from making the
               | company stronger and more competitive long-term, but in
               | my experience and observation, that is not how a lot of
               | PE firms approach the goal
        
               | throwup238 wrote:
               | _> You really think banks will be lending to PE deals if
               | the business model is to make the company bankrupt?_
               | 
               | Yes, just like banks sold houses to unqualified buyers
               | and packaged them up as overinflated securities to dump
               | on the public. The people authorizing the deals get
               | bonuses now and leave other suckers holding the bag
               | later.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | How does your comment square with fact that it was Boeing,
             | a publicly listed company, that decided to outsource its
             | manufacturing in order to reduce costs and liability and
             | knowingly sacrificing quality?
        
           | forrestthewoods wrote:
           | > And unfortunately self-serving people tend to reach the top
           | more easily in both scenarios. You don't get Dan Price's very
           | often (relatively).
           | 
           | Oh boy do I have bad news for you.
           | 
           | https://www.seattletimes.com/business/seattle-celebrity-
           | ceo-...
        
         | Simon_ORourke wrote:
         | Perhaps it's the one common feature of air travel (safety &
         | reliability) that they may start playing with to "reduce costs"
         | elsewhere. Imagining two flights from L.A. to Vegas, one on an
         | Airbus that costs $100, and one on a Boeing that's $5 but you
         | have to sign a waiver going onboard.
        
           | Certhas wrote:
           | It's perfectly possible that that cost difference is
           | massively exaggerated. It might well just be 95$ vs 100$. But
           | if you don't have the information that one is far more risky,
           | then you always pick the 95$ option, don't you?
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _if you don 't have the information that one is far more
             | risky, then you always pick the 95$ option, don't you?_
             | 
             | Air travellers by and large choose their travel based on
             | price. If a subset started paying a premium for Airbuses,
             | the market would sort them and remain relatively equally
             | profitable for those flying Boeings.
        
               | jbm wrote:
               | The only signal that was surfaced on many sites was cost,
               | it's not surprising that it is the only thing flyers look
               | at.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | I decided about 10 years ago I'm willing to pay the
               | premium for economy plus seats (more leg room). I don't
               | fly often enough for the market to notice me, but when I
               | fly I notice that those seats do sell out faster, if
               | nothing else I can still pay extra for those seats. I can
               | also pay extra for first class - however the premium is
               | high enough that I cannot afford it despite wanting to.
        
             | Vvector wrote:
             | I'd pay $5 more for a ticket on a better airplane, but not
             | $50. Unsure where I'd draw the line
        
           | jonplackett wrote:
           | I can see Ryanair going for this!
        
             | chopin wrote:
             | They are all Boeing.
        
               | mp05 wrote:
               | No. Please do your research.
               | 
               | Mostly Boeing? Sure.
        
               | closewith wrote:
               | All Ryanair-branded flights are on a single type rating,
               | the 737. They do have Lears for parts and personnel
               | transfer and acquired a subsidiary, Lauda, which
               | exclusively fly A320s.
               | 
               | But if you book Ryanair, you'll board a 737.
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | Hopefully it doesn't come to this. Something I really like
           | about the airline industry is it doesn't compete on safety.
        
         | inglor_cz wrote:
         | Falcon 9 is also produced by a PE firm and it is very reliable.
         | German Mittelstand corporations are often family-owned for
         | generations, and they are known for high-quality products.
         | 
         | As in everything, humans and their motivations cannot be
         | ignored. Firms are conglomerates of people, and it matters
         | _which_ people are on the top.
        
           | 55555 wrote:
           | Are you calling SpaceX a PE firm or am I missing something?
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falcon_9
        
             | inglor_cz wrote:
             | Maybe I understand the term wrong, but I was under the
             | impression that PE means "not publicly traded, in private
             | hands". Which is what SpaceX is.
        
               | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
               | Thete's a big difference between a private firm and a
               | private equity firm.
               | 
               | Private firm - no public trading of stocks.
               | 
               | Private equity - a business model created by syndicates
               | that borrow money to buy companies, saddle the companies
               | with that borrowing, demand a quick return (-> layoffs,
               | selloffs, and wage cuts), then bankrupt the company when
               | all the value and productivity have been extracted.
        
               | inferiorhuman wrote:
               | To demonstrate that I'm not an economist: PE is a more
               | specific than just private company. Boeing sold its
               | Wichita division to an "investment firm". An investment
               | firm is essentially a company that buys and sells
               | companies. Typically they're focused on short-term
               | profits to juice the stock price before it's sold.
               | 
               | Spirit was created and sold to the investment firm (Onex)
               | in 2006, and Onex turned around and sold its the last of
               | its stake in Spirit in 2014. Onex got over $3 billion for
               | their initial $375 million stake in Spirit. The cost, as
               | we're rediscovering, is that quality of Spirit's product
               | went to shit and the long-term viability of Spirit is in
               | question.
        
               | coryrc wrote:
               | If it was so bad why did people pay so much more for
               | Spirit stock in 2014?
        
               | sobkas wrote:
               | > If it was so bad why did people pay so much more for
               | Spirit stock in 2014?
               | 
               | Fact that it sold for more doesn't mean it was in good
               | shape. There are many potential reasons why people would
               | pay more, even if Spirit was in bad shape.
        
               | oasisaimlessly wrote:
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_equity_firm
        
         | foofie wrote:
         | > By now I think we've learned that products made in factories
         | owned by PE firms should carry warning labels. They are
         | proactively anti-quality organizations, focused on extracting
         | the maximum cash out in the short term at the cost of long term
         | value.
         | 
         | I'd say basically the same thing but from a different
         | perspective. Outsourcing is used to simplify management, as it
         | allows companies to shift away from building quality
         | organizations into the easier task of using coersion towards
         | external organizations to drive down cost and avoid any
         | liability due to loss of quality. Outsourcing is a cheat code
         | for managers, and one which invariably causes serious harm to
         | the company while shielding any decision-making exec from being
         | held liable for nuking the company.
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | > Outsourcing ... invariably causes serious harm to the
           | company while shielding any decision-making exec from being
           | held liable...
           | 
           | OK I posted that spinning off a portion of your manufacturing
           | is bad, but I think your statement overstates the issue. Ford
           | used to be so vertically integrated that they raised sheep
           | for the wool in their seats! It makes sense to buy bearings
           | from companies that specialize in the metallurgy and
           | precision of good bearings. Focus on what you're good at and
           | what really makes the difference to your customer.
           | 
           | I once visited a home generator factory in India. They bought
           | billets of aluminium and copper and manually machined the two
           | stroke engines, drew the wire and made the generators, and so
           | on. They hadn't updated their design since the 80s. If they'd
           | sourced the engine from an engine company and the generator
           | from a generator company the two could have advanced
           | separately based on the demands of a larger customer base.
        
             | foofie wrote:
             | > OK I posted that spinning off a portion of your
             | manufacturing is bad, but I think your statement overstates
             | the issue.
             | 
             | I was addressing the statement of "(...) selling the
             | factory to a private-equity firm would let Boeing focus on
             | final assembly (...)", which corresponds to outsourcing
             | manufacturing of everything and anything used in a plane,
             | up until the last step of the manufacturing process.
             | 
             | It's one thing to leverage existing third-party products in
             | your own product line. It's an entirely different thing to
             | aim for an Ikea-like approach of buying everything and just
             | put the thing together once you get all the parts.
        
         | MBCook wrote:
         | I wonder if we'll ever get the guts to outlaw PE somehow, or at
         | least make it so unprofitable it's very rare.
         | 
         | Nothing good ever seems to come from it, despite their claims.
        
           | candiddevmike wrote:
           | It makes a lot of rich people more rich at the expense of
           | workers and retail investors. I don't think you'll ever be
           | able to get rid of it.
        
           | ryandamm wrote:
           | Ended the carried interest deduction would be low hanging
           | fruit if we want to discourage purely rent-seeking financial
           | behavior.
        
           | milesvp wrote:
           | Would be nice. I think the main fix would be making sure that
           | debt used to buy companies can never be transferred to the
           | company purchased. I understand that money is fungible, but
           | accounting is often there to deal with the most egregious
           | abuses of fungibility. It would at least make leveraged
           | buyouts much more expensive. Especially since now, the
           | purchased company needs to maintain some kind of
           | profitability over several years to be able to service this
           | debt. Oh, and make it so the purchased company cannot borrow
           | money for several years after purchase. If the purchaser
           | wants to borrow money and infuse it into the company that's
           | fine. I know there's still all kinds of accounting
           | shenanigans that can be played to payout to PE purchasers,
           | but that'd be a good first step I think.
        
           | Aurornis wrote:
           | > I wonder if we'll ever get the guts to outlaw PE somehow
           | 
           | PE is just a type of company that participates in the act of
           | buying and selling businesses.
           | 
           | You can't outlaw buying and selling businesses. You can't
           | outlaw people working together to buy companies with
           | financing.
           | 
           | Yes, there are a lot of PE horror stories, but there are also
           | 100X more invisible private equity style buyups that you
           | never hear or think about because nothing is going wrong.
           | 
           | Many of them actually improve when they roll up the company.
           | My local eye doctor was bought out by a PE firm. They came in
           | and installed all new diagnostic equipment that was
           | standardized across their locations. They now nail my
           | prescription on the first try and it's faster than ever
           | before. The service is also more streamlined. This is the
           | kind of thing that nobody ever thinks twice about, but it
           | happens all over the place.
        
             | kibwen wrote:
             | _> You can 't outlaw buying and selling businesses._
             | 
             | Sure you can, and I'll argue that we should.
             | 
             | Competition is the only thing that keeps businesses honest,
             | and acquisition is the antithesis of competition. Shut it
             | down and force companies to compete rather than for the
             | richest to snap up their competitors, and to force startups
             | to dream of sustainability rather than a fat exit.
        
               | ribosometronome wrote:
               | So companies should live and die with the founder? Or
               | only be able to be transferred to their heirs? That's
               | going to be amazingly unstable compared to a system that
               | allows businesses to change ownership.
        
               | dehrmann wrote:
               | You haven't thought about how bizarre this would be. All
               | growth and declines would have to be organic, so rather
               | than the obvious winner just buying the market loser and
               | cutting 20% of staff, the loser would bleed-out over
               | years. Companies also couldn't sell divisions they're not
               | interested in, so rather than finding someone who cares,
               | they'd have to go through the motions to not lose money
               | while letting it slowly die. It'd be a lot of zombie
               | companies.
        
             | matheusmoreira wrote:
             | > My local eye doctor was bought out by a PE firm.
             | 
             | All new equipment and better service is great _for you_.
             | There are serious disadvantages for your eye doctor though:
             | he no longer enjoys the autonomy and freedom of his own
             | medical practice. Lack of autonomy is a major cause of
             | insatisfaction in medicine. Hopefully he got some fat
             | stacks of cash to compensate for that. As a society though,
             | nothing compensates for the fact we 're approaching the
             | fabled "you'll own nothing" future.
        
           | zeroCalories wrote:
           | Outlawing PE would be incredibly difficult. Instead we should
           | focus on punishing individual executives, board members, and
           | even share holders that cause harm from cutting costs. It
           | could be a criminal case, or even a culture of directly
           | naming, shaming, and tracking people so that they can't get
           | involved in another company without the share price instantly
           | tanking.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _we've learned that products made in factories owned by PE
         | firms should carry warning labels_
         | 
         | Source? The data I've seen don't show quality differences based
         | on ownership model _except_ when there is family ownership.
        
         | x0x0 wrote:
         | I just get hung up on being an airplane company that doesn't
         | manufacture the plane. How is that possibly not a core
         | competency for the design and manufacture of airplanes?
        
           | rgmerk wrote:
           | It's a matter of degree. Are they supposed to run a chip fab
           | to make all the chips that go into their plane?
           | 
           | That said, fuselages do seem to be a core aspect of making
           | planes!
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Given the chip shortages of the past few years maybe they
             | should have. For that matter given how often perfectly good
             | chips go obsolete maybe they should just so they don't have
             | to spend $$$ redesigning a perfectly good circuit.
        
               | drexlspivey wrote:
               | AMD and Apple don't run chip fabs and Boeing will..
               | People in here will literally argue any point no matter
               | how stupid
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | The trick is figuring out what is a core competency and what
           | should not be. Boeing should obviously not make the light
           | bulbs in their planes. Should they make the engines? How
           | about the seats or carpet? What about the plastic bezels in
           | the cockpit? At that point is something a thing they should
           | do in house and when is it something to outsource? There is
           | no easy answer, and often the best answer changes over time.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | I was there when Mulally was and people already knew what a
         | horse's ass he was.
         | 
         | Most of this is his fault, and the board who hired him.
        
       | PedroBatista wrote:
       | Since the late 90s/early 00's this type of concerns / horrible
       | culture shifts and strategic mistakes were known and by the time
       | the Dreamliner came out it was common knowledge even in the
       | mainstream. Of course when the Max 8's started to fall and
       | killing people everybody pretended to be shocked and surprised
       | again.
       | 
       | And of course the "incidents" are always "different and not
       | related", but as any very complex system goes, these "incidents"
       | always end up happening due to the same root cause.
       | 
       | And yet again another evidence nobody learned anything with the
       | latest big scandal of 2018/19, Boeing actively lobbied to reduce
       | and get even more exceptions for QA and safety rules AFTER 2019.
       | 
       | During the 00's it was already clear many of their planes were
       | clearly not the best on the market for various reasons, but a few
       | phone calls from key people in the US government to the
       | prospective buyers would always "help" the customer to make the
       | "right buying decision", so new orders were always arriving,
       | money coming in, stock and compensations for the big wigs was
       | obviously sky high so anyone who raised any concerns was always
       | ignored or fired, but by that time Boeing was already rotten.
       | 
       | I just pray I'm wrong and all of those planes don't crash until
       | they are retired, but the new ones seem to be even worse.. so I
       | don't know..
        
         | riffraff wrote:
         | Is the dreamliner bad?
         | 
         | I was under the impression it was quite nice and had partially
         | eaten the lunch of Airbus' A380 by making longer flights with
         | smaller plane economically advantageous.
        
           | Dalewyn wrote:
           | The 787 is fine. It's by far the most comfortable aircraft
           | I've ever ridden, and the batteries-going-up-in-flames issue
           | was short-lived and if I recall stemmed from some
           | manufacturing deficiencies at the Japanese OEM (I am
           | brainfarting their name).
           | 
           | That being said however, the kind of workmanship negligience
           | we have reason to suspect of Boeing means absolutely no
           | Boeing aircraft manufactured during the timeframe(s)
           | concerned can be considered safe until inspections are done.
           | 
           | For now we don't have reason to suspect this extends beyond
           | 737 MAX 9, but that could change drastically depending on
           | what FAA finds.
        
             | the_mitsuhiko wrote:
             | > For now we don't have reason to suspect this extends
             | beyond 737 MAX 9
             | 
             | Boeing in 2023 deferred 787 deliveries again because the
             | manufacturing process was found to not have been properly
             | followed. In the past they also found debris left on
             | planes.
             | 
             | Maybe this issue specific to the MAX 9 but manufacturing
             | issues at Boeing are not at all an isolated thing.
        
               | RaftPeople wrote:
               | Ya, 787 quality issues have been publicized for a few
               | years now, especially at the South Carolina facility. I
               | also remember the DoD temporarily stopping deliveries of
               | planes from Being due to quality, possibly last year or
               | the year before.
        
               | fransje26 wrote:
               | To add to the manufacturing issues, there are also other
               | 787 issues to be concerned about. The lithium-ion
               | debacle, for one. It's only by shear luck that the
               | original design issues didn't end in fatalities. And the
               | fix is.. ..meh.. The redesign of the lightening
               | protection system to save costs is also something that
               | has been overlooked until now.
        
               | wkat4242 wrote:
               | While I'm a fan of airbus they're not perfect either.
               | Consider the paint flaking issues at Qatar airlines. Even
               | though airbus says this shouldn't be a safety issue, it
               | is really a serious quality problem.
        
           | inferiorhuman wrote:
           | The 787 is an innovative aircraft, but its existence is a
           | comedy of errors. It was never competition for the A380
           | though. The problem is that Boeing bit off more than they
           | could chew when they tried to innovate in three areas:
           | concept, design, and execution. They outsourced the latter
           | two and provided insufficient oversight.
           | 
           | Concept: Lithium-ion batteries are great tech.
           | 
           | Design: Boeing outsourced the electrical system design work
           | to Thales, and the first production airliner designed around
           | lithium-ion batteries seemed like a great idea until they
           | started catching fire.
           | 
           | Execution: Relying heavily on sub-contractors to build big
           | chunks of the 787 was a great idea to save money, until the
           | subs couldn't maintain the pace Boeing wanted for the price
           | Boeing was willing to pay. So Boeing bought the South
           | Carolina facility.
           | 
           | And Boeing keeps insisting on learning the hard way. Last
           | year the FAA halted deliveries of the 787 for a few months
           | due to quality issues.
        
             | philwelch wrote:
             | The outsourcing and the SC facility are also motivated by
             | Boeing's decades-long war with its unions in Washington.
             | Unfortunately for Boeing, the unionized workers in Renton
             | and Everett were really good at their jobs compared to the
             | workers in SC and at the subs, to the point that customers
             | specifically demanded only to receive 787's that were built
             | in Everett.
             | 
             | I am not, in general, a pro-union guy, so I'm arguing
             | against my natural bias here. But Boeing fucked up big time
             | moving production out of Washington.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | It seems like McDonnell Douglas thinks unions are the
               | biggest threat to Boeing, not IP. Big parts of the 787
               | design did not require the ridiculous gantry crane to
               | move and place.
               | 
               | I could see that the point of that was to be able to spin
               | up new production sites effectively, and the main value
               | in that was not building a million planes but leverage
               | against the unions.
               | 
               | I think buying SC was crocodile tears at best.
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | The 787 is not bad. Its a great aircraft and they have sold a
           | shit-ton of them.
           | 
           | But it was also a program that went hilariously over budget.
           | Nearly costing as much as the A380. It had a whole bunch of
           | problems and still has problems today. Lots of production
           | issues.
           | 
           | This had lead to a situation where they will need to sold
           | literally 1500 or more planes to break even on the program.
           | And 1500 is a gigantic amount of wide-bodies.
           | 
           | The 787 didn't really eat A380s lunch. Its more like 2
           | companies both thought about what the best investment would
           | be for the future. Boeing picked the right plane. Airbus
           | picked the wrong plane. The competitor to the A380 was the
           | 747-8 and the 777.
           | 
           | Had Airbus not totally misread the market and invested in
           | totally the wrong market. The Dreamliner could have backfired
           | on Boeing. If Airbus had a 787 serious competitor out at the
           | same time, the 787 might never have sold more then 1500
           | times. They already have total order of around 1800 and there
           | are likely gone be many more because Airbus doesn't have a
           | perfect competitor plane.
           | 
           | In the wide-body market, Boeing is still totally competitive
           | with Airbus. Its the narrow body market where Airbus is
           | kicking Boeing ass.
        
             | gmac wrote:
             | I thought the A350 was Airbus's answer to the 787. Curious
             | why that's not a 'perfect competitor'?
        
               | rowyourboat wrote:
               | It's a bit larger, more in the range of the 777 than the
               | 787.
               | 
               | Roughly, it used to be A330 vs 767 and A340 vs 777, the
               | A330 and the 777 were the winners in these segments. The
               | 787 was built to beat the A330, and it did, and the A350
               | was built to beat the 777, and it might.
               | 
               | Airbus reacted to the 787 with a re-engined A330, the
               | A330neo, which was not a great success, but not a total
               | flop. Boeing re-engined and enlarged the 777 to create
               | the 777X, whose smaller variant positioned against the
               | A350 is a slow seller, but whose larger variant, which
               | has no direct competitor, has seen some sales - if Boeing
               | manages to get it out of the door, the program is again
               | hugely delayed and over budget.
        
             | fransje26 wrote:
             | > and they have sold a shit-ton of them
             | 
             | Incidentally, that also sold a shit-ton of 737 MAX. Maybe
             | not the best metric to choose.
             | 
             | > Had Airbus not totally misread the market and invested in
             | totally the wrong market.
             | 
             | Missed the market by so much, they are pulling the A380s
             | out of storage.
             | 
             | > They already have total order of around 1800 and there
             | are likely gone be many more because Airbus doesn't have a
             | perfect competitor plane
             | 
             | The A350 _is_ the perfect competitor. The two planes are,
             | by their design, not competing in the same segments.
        
         | koonsolo wrote:
         | I have an inside story about the Dreamliner. I know a person
         | that was part of buying a few for an airliner. To my
         | understanding there were 2 factories that made them, Seattle
         | and somewhere in the South. There was a huge difference between
         | the quality of the two. Everyone buying tried to get a plane
         | that was made in Seattle and not in the South (can't remember
         | exactly where it was).
        
           | philwelch wrote:
           | South Carolina.
           | 
           | Also Boeing doesn't have any factories in Seattle. They have
           | factories in Renton and Everett. The 787 used to be made in
           | Everett. Renton is kind of a suburb of Seattle but Everett
           | isn't even particularly close.
        
             | RaftPeople wrote:
             | I think when people say "Seattle", they are generally
             | referring to the Seattle metro area which frequently
             | encompasses Seattle, Everett, Tacoma and the eastside (e.g.
             | Bellevue), but for some conversations Tacoma is considered
             | a separate metro area.
        
               | philwelch wrote:
               | Seattle people get touchy about referring even to Seattle
               | suburbs as Seattle but Everett isn't even close. Calling
               | Everett Seattle is like calling Santa Cruz San Francisco.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | Or referring to Beaverton, Oregon City, or Gresham (and
               | similar) as Portland. That makes sense, locals absolutely
               | see the distinction, but if I told someone in another
               | state (other than perhaps Washington) where I lived, I'd
               | just say "Portland" even though I don't live anywhere
               | near the city limits. But the actual Portland people are
               | quick to jump on me if we're in a call and I say I'm from
               | Portland :).
        
               | d3w4s9 wrote:
               | Yes. For I long time I thought Microsoft is based in
               | Seattle, which is not correct (Redmond) but not
               | completely wrong either
        
               | philwelch wrote:
               | Redmond is at least a suburb of Seattle. It's not an
               | entirely different city an hour and a half away like
               | Everett.
               | 
               | But I do find it weird that nobody claims that Apple,
               | Google, and Facebook are all based in SF.
        
               | eightysixfour wrote:
               | I think you may be overestimating the distances here. It
               | is 35 mins from downtown Seattle to the Boeing facility
               | in Everett and 25 mins to Redmond.
               | 
               | Everett isn't in Seattle, but considering it part of the
               | metro area isn't a stretch. You never leave dense burbs
               | between the two.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | You do, but it's for a minute or two, if you don't hit a
               | traffic jam.
               | 
               | It's hard to think of a traffic jam as being in a rural
               | area.
               | 
               | Everett itself is farther north, but the turn to the
               | factory and Paine field is before you hit town (but after
               | you hit Everett speed traps)
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | It's interesting, I kinda buy the 'Everett is part of the
               | Seattle metro' but I'd have said Marysville is not. But
               | clearly it is, and my perception is wrong.
        
               | B1FF_PSUVM wrote:
               | Used to be that Silicon Valley - Santa Clara, Sunnyvale,
               | Milpitas, etc. - was distinctly different from San
               | Francisco.
               | 
               | Actually, it's weird to see headquarters in SF being
               | called in SV ...
        
             | jvolkman wrote:
             | The Renton and Everett plants are almost equidistant from
             | my actually-Seattle house. The trip to Everett is estimated
             | to be a couple of minutes shorter, but both are currently
             | less than 40 minutes.
             | 
             | The airport at the Everett facility, Paine field (PAE), was
             | recently renamed "Seattle Paine Field International
             | Airport"
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | There's less than a mile of wooded area from where you
             | leave "Seattle" and run into Everett highway patrol speed
             | traps. They've practically merged at this point. One more
             | boom cycle.
        
       | hacketthfk wrote:
       | Boeing's core capability is regulatory arbitrage and getting gov
       | contracts, so it makes sense for them to outsource everything
       | non-core, like building planes. Similar to NASA.
       | 
       | Boeing did the correct thing outsourcing the actual building of
       | planes, so they could focus on their core competency. Standard
       | tech industry advice.
        
         | gchokov wrote:
         | Yeah they did the correct thing, only to get their airplanes
         | falling like apples.
        
           | archerx wrote:
           | Apparently for some people the correct thing is profit over
           | safety/quality which is quite sociopathic and the cancer that
           | is killing our society.
        
         | kmeisthax wrote:
         | I'm sick and tired of "core competency" rhetoric. Business
         | management should not rigidly follow the UNIX philosophy,
         | there's plenty of reasons you wouldn't want to outsource
         | everything.
         | 
         | Furthermore, while those core competencies might sound correct
         | _to Boeing_ , they wouldn't sound like it to Boeing's
         | customers. You're paying Boeing for a plane and support, not a
         | trading company that can find five other companies who can
         | outsource each task to a different firm that delegates
         | responsibility to...
        
           | riffraff wrote:
           | I remember someone on this forum argued at some point that
           | business management is basically just flip flop between
           | "things are bad, we need more vertical integration" or
           | "things are bad, we need more core focus".
        
           | sgt101 wrote:
           | The key think for Boeings customers is finance.
           | 
           | If you can get 70 airframes for five years in a way that
           | means that you just have to borrow a nubbin of cash and then
           | make regular payments that's what you will do. All your
           | actual money can go to the shareholders and exec
           | compensation. If the business (airline) folds the airframes
           | go back to Boeing and you go on to the next gig - who
           | cares...
           | 
           | If Boeing will take the risk the banks are happy to fund,
           | local airlines - well the banks will be nervous. Every other
           | consideration is either imposed by regulation or of no
           | interest at all.
        
           | novok wrote:
           | Core competency is a reminder, otherwise you start doing
           | things like making your own chat system and word processing
           | software when you should be just buying slack and google
           | workspace while you are a B2B database company.
        
         | dralley wrote:
         | There's an entire paper about why this is nonsense, written by
         | someone AT Boeing, 23 years ago.
         | 
         | https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/69746-hart-smith-on-...
        
           | cryptonector wrote:
           | GP was being sardonic.
        
         | specialist wrote:
         | Agree with #1. Number #2 should be qualified: Good for Wall St
         | and Boeing execs, at the expense of everyone else.
         | 
         | Then State House Rep Reuven Carlyle was the point person for
         | negotiating WA state's $11.4b (?) tax breaks for Boeing. With
         | non-binding terms like agreeing to create jobs. Boeing's
         | negotiators completely lost their shit when Carlyle tried to
         | add good government amendments like transparency (to the
         | public) about the actual monetary value of tax breaks.
         | 
         | Similar to the US Sen Al Franken's inside baseball version of
         | wrestling with corporations over the mergers of telecoms &
         | cables. The corps demanded all, conceded nothing, had no
         | intention of honoring their promises, completely lost their
         | minds when Franken tried to get future promises in writing.
         | 
         | The USA is a Corporatocracy. Partisanship, culture wars, moral
         | panics, food fights, etc. all serve to obscure that central
         | fact.
        
       | mjfl wrote:
       | Seems like a really good case study in how complex engineering
       | technologies become unknowable overtime and this leads to a
       | collapse as understanding of the core product declines.
        
         | ImageXav wrote:
         | Boeing's competitors seem to be doing just fine. Rather, this
         | is a clear case of poor management leading to a degraded
         | engineering culture.
        
           | alkonaut wrote:
           | Boeing just has one big competitor in the civiiian space and
           | it would be really interesting to know what management and
           | organizational differences exist. Because Airbus is known to
           | be pretty complex too in terms of manufacturing in different
           | sites with staff speaking a dozen languages and so on. Are
           | they doing the same thing better or something fundamentally
           | different (such as outsourcing merely distributing work among
           | their own facilities)?
        
         | smcin wrote:
         | We could label that the 'Mad Max' theory of how safely building
         | airplanes became arcane lost knowledge...
         | 
         | Anyway in reality, look at how post-merger, McDonnell Douglas's
         | professional managers hollowed out Boeing's legendary
         | engineering. And the stock market cheered that.
        
       | scrps wrote:
       | This is what happens when the people who build the world we all
       | live in are contravened by people who think they run the world we
       | all live in.
        
       | 082349872349872 wrote:
       | See also early (1960s) CAD/CAM saving a Boeing project in
       | https://inria.hal.science/hal-01526813/document
       | 
       | > _"I just can't get the wing data to match the body data, and
       | time is no longer on my side." "Show us your wing data. Hey where
       | did you get this stuff?" "From the body project." "But they've
       | given you old data; you've been trying to fit an old wing onto a
       | new body." (The best time to make a design change is before
       | you've actually built the thing!) An hour later life was restored
       | and the 727 became a single numerical entity._
        
       | JohnCClarke wrote:
       | Blaming "outsourcing" sounds like passing the buck.
       | 
       | The MCAS software debacle and penny pinching walk-back on the
       | MCAS remediations shows that the rot has set in within Boeing.
        
       | OhMeadhbh wrote:
       | I don't think this will change until Boeing's compensation
       | committee cuts pay and bonuses for their execs. Even then they'll
       | just move on to the next corporate job and the new execs will
       | negotiate bonuses based on improving metrics which can be gamed.
       | 
       | In the mean time airlines are stuck with Boeing planes (at least
       | part of) the public thinks of as ticking time-bombs. Some (many?
       | most?) are stuck with planes that they've sunk a fair bit of cash
       | into. Or, more likely, the airlines' corporate parents own a
       | company that owns planes that leases them back to the operating
       | airline for tax reasons. And while that might seem to reduce
       | pressure on the carriers, it's unlikely their corporate parents
       | will want to walk away from that investment.
       | 
       | The last time we had a problem with the 737-900 MAX's, Alaska
       | started flying Airbusses. This time my monthly SEA -> SJC flight
       | is on an Embraer. This can't be good for anyone (except Airbus
       | and Embraer.)
       | 
       | Maybe it's time for corporate America to get serious and only pay
       | the c-suite bigbux if they don't destroy the company.
        
       | awongh wrote:
       | A lot of people blame the current toxic culture on the McDonnell
       | Douglas merger that happened in the late 90s.
       | 
       | One of the reasons that merger needed to happen though, was that
       | Boeing didn't know how to be profitable in a non-government
       | regulated market (post deregulation of the airlines).
       | 
       | It's easy to make well engineered planes when the government has
       | a hand in guaranteeing you good profit margins and you don't have
       | to worry too much about costs.
        
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