[HN Gopher] Margaret Mead, the Cold War, and the Troubled Birth ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Margaret Mead, the Cold War, and the Troubled Birth of Psychedelic
       Science
        
       Author : benbreen
       Score  : 84 points
       Date   : 2024-01-12 16:58 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.latimes.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.latimes.com)
        
       | dang wrote:
       | This is Ben's new book! One of Hacker News's resident historians.
        
         | tbalsam wrote:
         | Oh, is this a pinned post? First time I think I've ever seen a
         | post with so few votes do this before! :D
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Not pinned, but it was a SCP pick (per
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26998308)
        
             | tbalsam wrote:
             | Ah, thanks, very coolio! Great to see this as a feature,
             | haven't quite seen that mechanic well and I think it's a
             | really great way of implementing it! :D :)
        
         | benbreen wrote:
         | Our toddler is now asleep so I am also here to do a brief AMA
         | about the book and psychedelic science in the 20th century if
         | anyone has questions. :)
        
       | tbalsam wrote:
       | While I'm not the biggest fan of companies trying to land grab
       | the psychedelic craze, there are things that would be nice to
       | have, like psychedelics that don't activate 5-HT2B (associated
       | strongly with aortic hypertrophy, i.e., your heart valves grow
       | too big) over time. Sure, we haven't necessarily seen a ton of
       | direct linkage to IRL use, yet, AFAIPK, but still it's something
       | that's been strongly shown, and most 5-HT2A psychedelics also
       | activate 5-HT2B.
       | 
       | Curious about selectivity against 5-HT3 as well as the nausea can
       | be a problem.
       | 
       | Some people wish for non hallucinogenic 5-HT2A activation and
       | that seems like a bizzarely detached from reality pipe dream.
       | Like, sure, maybe it's technically possible, but are you going to
       | find a compound that selective (likely not) and is it actually
       | going to remove all psychomometic effects (lol no, how do you
       | think these things work)?
       | 
       | There's always tradeoffs, it's like the weirdly detached desire
       | to "reduce hallucinations" in language models but keep the same
       | level of performance. Like, how do you think it's going to learn?
       | You can't just magically make an unbiased perfect estimator with
       | no variance for some limited capacity and data, your variance
       | must live somewhere and in language models it tends to
       | (generally) live in the higher level correlations between
       | concepts.
       | 
       | A good dose of basic mathematics and information theory really
       | could set these fields straight.
       | 
       | In any case, some of the future here looks exciting.
        
         | engeljohnb wrote:
         | > psychedelics that don't activate 5-HT2B (associated strongly
         | with aortic hypertrophy, i.e., your heart valves grow too big)
         | 
         | Do you have a source for that? I'm a cardiac sonographer and
         | I've never heard of aortic hypertrophy.
        
           | dkasper wrote:
           | I hadn't heard of it either but it does seem like there are
           | some studies. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3
           | -030-55920-5_... Cardiac valvulopathy is likely not an
           | adverse effect to consider when psychedelics are used
           | occasionally but this may be different for "microdosing"
           | which involves low doses of psychedelics taken daily or
           | multiple times per week.
        
         | gavinray wrote:
         | > Some people wish for non hallucinogenic 5-HT2A activation and
         | that seems like a bizzarely detached from reality pipe dream.
         | 
         | This is actually an area of active research with promising
         | developments, FWIW:
         | 
         | https://psychedelichealth.co.uk/2023/06/13/non-hallucinogeni...
        
           | binary132 wrote:
           | It's hard for me to understand what is meant by "similar
           | characteristics to psilocybin" without hallucinogenic
           | effects. Is the idea that the hyperreality of the
           | subconscious / inner life would dominate conscious
           | perception, but without the confusing or distressing
           | associated overload of the physical senses, e.g. seeing or
           | hearing things that aren't there?
           | 
           | It's almost impossible to imagine the one aspect of the
           | dreamlike state dominating the mind without the disruption of
           | the other, but even if the senses are perfectly unperturbed I
           | would think the unconstrained and disordered psyche alone
           | could be very upsetting or confusing.
        
             | tbalsam wrote:
             | Yes I think this is it right here. Like, at a micro dose
             | (or slightly above) level it maybe makes sense, but the raw
             | characteristics of how psychedelics work will still be
             | there. Maybe there's some way, who knows, but I don't think
             | we're likely to find out up front, somewhat similar to
             | trying to turn lead into gold just because, as it were (at
             | least as best as I understand. :,(((( )
        
           | tbalsam wrote:
           | Please read in context with the rest of the post! The idea is
           | that it's very hard to raise the entropy of the brain without
           | psychomometic effects as best as I understand, due to some
           | fundamental informational qualities of those processes.
           | 
           | It's like looking for a flu medicine and judging it by if
           | makes a fever go down because a fever is an arbitrary human-
           | measurable metric. Has some quality of life impacts but is
           | second player to the actual health impacts of conditions
           | including fever (especially ones with long term impacts) and
           | is extremely superficial.
           | 
           | I think that's the idea, maybe you can avoid visual cortex
           | stuff but you can't magically get no psychomometic effects
           | unless somehow the medication is perfectly shooting some kind
           | of entropic gap.
           | 
           | I'm sure it's possible but I feel like it's much better as an
           | accidentally discovered thing or a second or third generation
           | medication thing, not a first priority, if that makes sense.
        
         | notamy wrote:
         | > Curious about selectivity against 5-HT3 as well as the nausea
         | can be a problem.
         | 
         | That would be a nice feature aiui; some people I know got into
         | the habit of always taking psychedelics with ondansetron to try
         | to avoid the nausea.
        
           | bbqq wrote:
           | Ginger is often suggested as well, which is another 5ht3
           | antagonist. I wonder if it's linked to susceptibility to
           | motion sickness, which is known to be genetic, as neither
           | psychedelics nor motion give me nausea at all.
        
             | tbalsam wrote:
             | Yes, though thankfully ondnanestron has a shockingly good
             | safety profile for a serotonergic antiemetic. That said,
             | reducing that external complexity would be nice.
             | 
             | CBD actual has some mild antiemesis properties as well and
             | can be as immediately effective as Zofran if inhaled. I
             | once backpacked with a dab pen and CBD due to having
             | constant nausea, the crystal CBD isolate was easier to
             | source and refill (since it's hemp derived) and the dab pen
             | meant that I got nausea relief in seconds.
             | 
             | Unfortunately CBD in ultra high doses can contribute to
             | serotonin syndrome IIUC due to 5-HT1A activation (which is
             | how it exerts anti-emetic effects IIUC/IIRC). So that of
             | course is always a big problem and I think can make
             | polypharmacy with it a bit more difficult (though I am of
             | course not a doctor and this is not medical advice).
             | 
             | That said CBD does help w.r.t. some social inhibitions due
             | to autism IIRC and when I was dabbing between 300 mg - 1 g
             | a day I definitely noticed a very calm, warm, low-key
             | "peace" about the world that I very much appreciated. That
             | was very nice indeed.
             | 
             | Also, ginger can be nice for oral nausea as IIRC, however
             | it does not cross the gut barrier as well so it takes more
             | (and sometimes the spiciness can be a problem). It also
             | inhibits a bunch of CYP enzymes as well which is something
             | to consider (I guess many things do, but I tend to use it
             | more as an emergency backup of emergency backups when I
             | don't have anything else available to me. Order generally
             | is Zofran -> CBD (200-300 mg sublingual if not urgent) ->
             | Pepto -> Slightly more Pepto+Ginger depending upon
             | urgency/availability. Refilling prescriptions can be a
             | problem due to the overwhelm of autism for me, so I try to
             | dole/parse it out sparing, at least as I am able to. <3
             | :'))))
             | 
             | Happy to answer any questions, sorry this was an autistic
             | infodump, really like this topic here.b<3 :'))))
        
           | LoganDark wrote:
           | Nausea can also be a result of not having a safe, regulated
           | source of psychedelics. You always end up having to trust
           | some dude (or gal), and not all of them produce product in
           | the same way or to the same standard of quality. If I could
           | buy LSD from the store, then I wouldn't have to worry about
           | getting an upset stomach due to impurities.
        
             | foobiekr wrote:
             | You'd probably get one anyway due to that receptor
             | activation.
        
       | xhkkffbf wrote:
       | When I was younger, I heard lots of stories about how Margaret
       | Mead was the best anthropologist. Then, later I started hearing
       | about how some rivals were digging up how she just made up half
       | of the stories because she wanted to believe something different.
       | I wonder if there's been any more exploration of her research and
       | whether she applied this wishful thinking to LSD too.
        
         | losteric wrote:
         | Did you ever wonder to validate the things you "started
         | hearing"?
        
           | cubefox wrote:
           | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-imprinted-
           | brain/...
        
           | xhkkffbf wrote:
           | Yes, that's why I'm asking here. Maybe someone else has some
           | insight.
        
       | isoprophlex wrote:
       | Having myself spent a period of my life thinking that all the
       | world's problems would vanish if only we all took more LSD, MDMA
       | and DMT... and since realizing that there really is no substitute
       | for honesty, self-sacrifice and hard work... I'm reminded of
       | Hunter S Thompson in Fear and Loathing:
       | 
       |  _... a generation of permanent cripples, failed seekers, who
       | never understood the essential mystic fallacy of the Acid
       | Culture: the desperate assumption that somebody - or at least
       | some force - is tending the light at the end of the tunnel._
        
         | api wrote:
         | Most people who try these things briefly entertain these ideas.
         | They are really interesting and have the potential to trigger
         | positive breakthroughs in a person's thinking. They also have
         | high potential in therapy for things like PTSD and depression.
         | 
         | But all you have to do is spend a little time around drug users
         | or pay attention to the discourse in psychedelic friendly
         | circles (Joe Rogan and Russell Brand anyone?) to see that drugs
         | are not some kind of magic enlightenment in a pill. If they
         | were there'd be more enlightened drug users.
        
           | bugglebeetle wrote:
           | There is also the example of the Canadian psychologist,
           | Elliot Barker, who tried to treat criminal psychopaths with
           | LSD, only for researchers to later learn that it made them
           | more psychopathic and re-offend at higher rates.
        
             | lend000 wrote:
             | Interesting, do you have a good source for this? Based on
             | personal experience, it does seem somewhat intuitive that
             | psychedelics would make you be more comfortable being
             | "you", regardless of who you really are.
        
               | bugglebeetle wrote:
               | It's covered to a fair extent in Jon Ronson's _The
               | Psychopath Test_. I believe this is the retrospective
               | study on rates of recidivism:
               | 
               | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02352266
        
               | LoganDark wrote:
               | It's not necessarily that psychedelics make you more
               | comfortable with yourself. Psychedelics can reinforce the
               | psychopathic way of thinking. I'm not a psychopath (...as
               | far as I can tell), but I can think similarly to one when
               | sober. For me, LSD can intensify that way of thinking. It
               | can intensify everything, to be fair, but the way you
               | think while on it can be... I guess "conducive to
               | psychopathy"? If a psychopath is missing
               | emotion/conscience and is given LSD, then they can end up
               | with far more ways to manipulate their own thoughts in a
               | way that supports their psychopathy, if that makes any
               | sense.
        
           | k__ wrote:
           | Maybe, it's like with programming.
           | 
           | You can code a game, a database, an OS, a framework, a LLM
           | etc. with one tool.
        
         | gavinray wrote:
         | I had a similar phase myself. Though I still genuinely believe
         | that every person should have a psychedelic experience at least
         | once in their lifetime, as well as a talk-session with close
         | friends while on MDMA.
         | 
         | These two things radically shifted my life perspective and
         | resolved a lot of inner issues, both after just a single time.
         | 
         | Particularly the psychedelic experience is great for sparking
         | realizations that things like hate, xenophobia, racism, etc.
         | are all so absurd and non-productive.
        
           | basil-rash wrote:
           | Were you racist, xenophobic, and hateful before? If not, your
           | realizations about their productivity aren't particularly
           | relevant.
        
             | fasterik wrote:
             | I don't think that's true. Even if someone doesn't
             | explicitly hold those views, one can still be complacent,
             | ignorant, or subtly enabling of them. Seeing things from a
             | different perspective can provide insight into how relevant
             | certain ideas are to the larger picture of humanity.
        
               | basil-rash wrote:
               | You're saying the mindset one would have going into it is
               | one of "I'm not personally hateful, xenophobic, or
               | racist, but I can see how those are all logical and
               | productive things to be"?
               | 
               | I don't believe that mindset exists.
        
               | AndrewKemendo wrote:
               | I think that's exactly the mindset of most people because
               | they don't think they're being racist, xenophobic, etc.
               | 
               | If someone were to grow up in an economy built on coal
               | mining with 13 year old miners, and you're really
               | effective at organizing 13 year old coal miners, then
               | you're gonna be very productive.
               | 
               | Even though everything that you're doing is existentially
               | bad for everybody, they are all ignorant of it's harms.
               | So even if temporally coal mining with miners might be
               | the only thing that anyone is aware of to do that is
               | "productive."
               | 
               | You can make no "mistakes" and still lose just from
               | ignorance
        
               | basil-rash wrote:
               | Your anecdote does nothing to address the root complaint;
               | which is that if one is to make extraordinary claims (LSD
               | is "great for" dismantling hated, etc.), they should have
               | some actual extraordinary experience to support it.
               | Something like a personal experience. Otherwise it's just
               | more "LSD is so good, it solved problems I didn't even
               | have" nonsense.
        
               | fasterik wrote:
               | No, that's not what I said at all. I think someone could
               | _believe_ that they 're not personally hateful,
               | xenophobic, or racist while still being unconsciously
               | complacent, ignorant, or subtly enabling of those
               | attitudes in themselves and others. I can see how a
               | psychedelic trip could show someone a different
               | perspective, causing them to change their beliefs and
               | behavior in significant ways.
        
               | basil-rash wrote:
               | That may be true, but if someone is to make a claim that
               | it is " _great_ for showing hatred...", I think more
               | proof should be offered than some other person saying "I
               | could see how...".
        
               | fasterik wrote:
               | I don't think I understand your argument. Your claim was
               | that if someone wasn't already racist and xenophobic,
               | then their epiphanies about that subject on psychedelics
               | is irrelevant. However, a very common experience people
               | have on psychedelics is the feeling that everything,
               | including the entirety of humanity, is part of the same
               | thing, and that anything other than love for all of it
               | comes from an artificially limited perspective. I think
               | that's extremely relevant to having a different
               | perspective on racism and xenophobia and their absurdity,
               | even if the person wasn't racist and xenophobic going in.
        
               | basil-rash wrote:
               | If someone who wasn't racist says they took LSD and found
               | themselves one with all races, and ended up continuing to
               | not be racist, that doesn't tell me in any way that LSD
               | is "great" for dismantling racism.
               | 
               | All I'm saying is that if someone is to make
               | extraordinary claims "this drug _is great_ against
               | racism", they should be able to back it up with more than
               | "well I wasn't racist before, and I'm still not, and
               | besides we're all one so why would someone else be?"
        
               | fasterik wrote:
               | You should go back and re-read gavinray's post. I don't
               | think they were making a claim anywhere near as strong as
               | the claim that LSD is great for dismantling racism.
        
               | basil-rash wrote:
               | > Particularly the psychedelic experience is great for
               | sparking realizations that things like hate, xenophobia,
               | racism, etc. are all so absurd and non-productive.
               | 
               | I'm well aware of the claim. I'm the one who protested it
               | to begin with. And I still have found no evidence that
               | the parent hadn't realized any of those beforehand.
        
               | fasterik wrote:
               | I don't think that's a charitable interpretation of what
               | they said, and not how I interpreted it, but ok. It seems
               | like I'm not going to convince you otherwise.
        
               | basil-rash wrote:
               | I just want evidence for the claim, but nobody wants to
               | provide it, or even consider that requesting evidence is
               | a valid response.
               | 
               | This is the exact kind of behavior that gets the psychs-
               | solve-everything crowd dismissed.
        
               | fasterik wrote:
               | If you Ctrl+F for my other responses in the thread,
               | you'll see that I'm not advocating for psychs-solve-
               | everything. I think a reasonable interpretation is that
               | gavinray was giving their personal experience, not making
               | a sweeping scientific claim. It would be like if I read a
               | book that gave me a perspective on racism I had never
               | thought of before, and I said "this book is great at
               | showing you how racism is absurd!" It's not the kind of
               | claim you would jump on and ask for a scientific study.
               | In general, it's a good idea to take the most charitable
               | version of what someone says, because people aren't
               | always perfectly precise in their language.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_charity
        
             | mtlmtlmtlmtl wrote:
             | I've personally seen someone go from racist, xenophobic and
             | hateful to not in the space of a single trip.
        
               | nerbert wrote:
               | Wow, I'd love to witness something like that one day. My
               | circle doesn't include a lot of these people, and maybe
               | that in itself is part of the more general problem.
        
               | basil-rash wrote:
               | And if they wanted to talk about it, I'd listen. Where I
               | protest is when people make grandiose claims like "this
               | solved so many problems for me, it even solved problems
               | that I didn't have!", which only serve to perpetuate the
               | modern hippie-dippie stereotype.
        
               | fullshark wrote:
               | How would you even see that? Can you describe in more
               | detail?
        
               | mtlmtlmtlmtl wrote:
               | We were both tripping. Fairly recent acquaintances, I had
               | no idea about his views, until it came up during
               | conversation. We ended up talking about it for several
               | hours. I stayed non-judgemental and just kept probing
               | with questions about why he feels this way. Eventually he
               | realised he was really just angry about the failures in
               | his own life and the local community he was from. He'd
               | picked up a bad media diet(neocon youtube...) and found
               | some kind of relief I suppose in directing his anger at
               | others. There was a lot of crying. He even thanked me the
               | next day.
               | 
               | I think that's about as detailed as I can get without
               | revealing private information.
               | 
               | It was a remarkable experience and fundamentally changed
               | the way I think about the human mind, extreme political
               | views, political dialogue, and most of all how therapy
               | should work.
        
             | gavinray wrote:
             | I wasn't racist or xenophobic, but I had a lot of spite and
             | a fairly negative world-view due to experiences I had
             | growing up.
             | 
             | I had a chip on my shoulder, so to speak.
        
           | crimbles wrote:
           | YMMV. I took LSD. It didn't do a whole lot other than make me
           | think I could play the piano when I definitely can't. The
           | only life changing thing was I was down some cash which I
           | could have spent on something else. A friend at the time took
           | it and killed themselves a month later.
           | 
           | Point is there are no absolutes and a lot of romanticism and
           | anecdotes around it when we need science. But it's difficult
           | to be anything but subjective about it if you have
           | experienced it. I suspect any critical thinking becomes
           | biased and that relationship requires some analysis as well.
           | 
           | Boring take I know but to pose a question: at the level of
           | society if it is normalised, does taking psychedelics have a
           | general positive or a general negative outcome?
        
             | InCityDreams wrote:
             | >A friend at the time took it [LSD] and killed themselves a
             | month later.
             | 
             | Do you think the two events could be otherwise related?
             | 
             | As you then say "Point is there are no absolutes and a lot
             | of romanticism and anecdotes around it when we need
             | science."
             | 
             | >...does taking psychedelics have a general positive or a
             | general negative outcome?
             | 
             | It's a great question, but banning it, so the quality of
             | the chemical supplied then may be suspect, and the dosages
             | may be wildly different - and seeing what happens over 60+
             | years was an incorrect move.
        
               | crimbles wrote:
               | Yes they are 100% related. The side effect was triggering
               | underlying schizophrenia. Which is why we need controlled
               | research.
        
             | temp0826 wrote:
             | >> does taking psychedelics have a general positive or a
             | general negative outcome?
             | 
             | If everyone took them in a context conducive to
             | healing/therapy it would be positive. Unfortunately that's
             | rarely the case (though it's becoming more common).
        
               | crimbles wrote:
               | Well that's not how you need to test it really and is not
               | an objective measure. That's a badly posed question. It
               | should be compared to other forms of therapy. And the
               | criteria for entering therapy needs to be understood.
        
             | LoganDark wrote:
             | > YMMV. I took LSD. It didn't do a whole lot other than
             | make me think I could play the piano when I definitely
             | can't.
             | 
             | For me, despite regularly taking high doses of psychedelics
             | (so far LSD and psilocybin), none of them have been huge
             | life-shattering trips. They're just recreational
             | experiences.
             | 
             | Maybe I'm just neurodivergent in a very specific way that
             | isn't easily impacted by psychedelics. They're still my
             | favorite substances and I still enjoy them, but it hasn't
             | made that big of an impact on my life, other than being
             | something to spend my money on, like you say.
             | 
             | Or maybe people with self-proclaimed life-shattering
             | experiences are just extrapolating more out of their trip
             | than what actually happened.
             | 
             | I'm sure plenty of people have legitimately improved their
             | lives this way, but I don't believe the hype.
        
           | briHass wrote:
           | MDMA in particular has such obvious usefulness for
           | relationship/marriage counseling therapy.
           | 
           | After many years of experimenting with pretty much every
           | conventional and 'research' drug, MDMA is the only one that
           | stands out to me personally as having a lasting impact on how
           | I view the world.
        
             | verisimi wrote:
             | Lol. Sorry.
             | 
             | Surely if you have to take MDMA to stay in the marriage or
             | relationship, that tells you that this relationship is one
             | to end?
        
               | Teever wrote:
               | That's a needlessly pessimistic way of looking at this.
               | 
               | Some marriages last decades, and over decades of life
               | severe strains in interpersonal relationships let alone
               | ones as intense as marriage can arise.
               | 
               | MDMA has been proven helpful in breaking down barriers of
               | communication and allowing people to talk about difficult
               | things, and allows people to develop stronger empathy for
               | the people in their lives.
               | 
               | If it can help people who want to stay together actually
               | stay together I think that's a great thing and is
               | something that we should promote in the context of
               | couples counselling.
        
               | verisimi wrote:
               | Perhaps yours is a needlessly optimistic way to look at
               | things. Lasting for decades might not be a good thing.
               | 
               | I know this is an unpopular opinion, and it is absolutely
               | fine by me for others to do exactly as they see fit, but
               | I really do think that if you have to change yourself,
               | via the use of drugs, this can only be a wrong answer.
               | Perhaps it is acceptable in an emergency as a short term
               | solution.
               | 
               | The reason I say this, is that if you really have made
               | structural errors with your life, or have simply changed,
               | it is fine to admit the failure and move on. There's no
               | point in accommodating yourself to a relationship that is
               | broken, via the use of drugs. You are simply prolonging
               | the pain you inflict on yourself and on the other person
               | in the relationship. Relationships can end, and that's
               | ok. Better for everyone probably, in the long run.
        
               | actionfromafar wrote:
               | The takes are neither pessimistic nor optimistic, but
               | _simplistic_ IMHO. MDMA is researched for instance to
               | treat war veterans with PTSD. If that works and now your
               | marriage works too, what's wrong with that?
               | 
               | (I too, strongly believe there are times for cutting your
               | losses instead of molding yourself into someone else's
               | preferred shape. But not all relational problems are like
               | that!)
        
               | verisimi wrote:
               | No doubt there are exceptional cases for taking a drug.
               | But promotion of mdma as a solution to relationship
               | problems seems unhinged. That's what I object to.
               | Downvote away!
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Right. Is it the case that two broken people are just
               | numbing themselves and staying in a broken relationship
               | with the help of drugs, or is it the case that MDMA is
               | able to heal people and their relationships, so the
               | people and relationships are _healed_ from past traumas
               | and they 're not staying in something that doesn't serve
               | them anymore. If you have to be high to stay together
               | because you hate each other, that's unhealthy and the
               | drugs aren't helping. If the drugs let you see past the
               | bullshit and that you really do love each other, I say
               | take those drugs.
        
           | foobiekr wrote:
           | I had the same experience, minus MDMA (never had the chance)
           | and the racism stuff. Completely changed my mental shape at
           | age 47 when I tried mushrooms for the first time (also my
           | first psychedelic). Not a do-frequently thing but genuinely
           | mind opening.
           | 
           | The people using microdosing to be more effective at work,
           | well... good grief.
        
         | jseliger wrote:
         | I don't think psychedelics are a panacea but they'll likely
         | help the world move in a positive direction:
         | https://jakeseliger.com/2023/09/25/strange-trip-
         | psychedelics....
         | 
         | MDMA may also be the only, or among the few, things that really
         | work in and for couples therapy (it's also not a panacea).
         | Banning it is a travesty.
         | 
         | There's an interesting alternative world chronicled in part by
         | Michael Pollan in _How to Change Your Mind_ , and by others, in
         | which psychedelics are integrated into therapy, psychiatry, and
         | other forms of medicine and improvement.
        
           | cubefox wrote:
           | Unlike LSD or psilocybin, MDMA causes addiction, so there is
           | some ground for a ban.
        
             | LoganDark wrote:
             | The effects of LSD and psilocybin can still sometimes
             | result in some degree of psychological addiction, just not
             | physical dependence.
             | 
             | MDMA can cause permanent tolerance and brain damage, and
             | even though there has been plenty of research and testing
             | by harm-reduction communities (like Bluelight), it's still
             | not fully understood how this works or how to guarantee the
             | substance's safety. This is probably why it should stay
             | banned, at least for now.
             | 
             | LSD and psilocybin are much safer, in my opinion. I would
             | probably say LSD is the safest, since high doses of
             | psilocybin can render me unconscious, but that could just
             | be me.
        
         | photochemsyn wrote:
         | Set and setting are critical factors in the outcome of any use
         | of psychedelics, particularly for naive users unfamiliar with
         | the effects. Practically speaking, this means LSD could
         | plausibly be used in both cult brainwashing and cult
         | deprogramming activities. That's why the CIA thought it could
         | be used as a mind control / interrogation tool in the early
         | 1950s (e.g. MKULTRA), while others adopted it as a liberating
         | creative tool for artists (indeed, I once met a classically
         | trained flutist who reported that they found it impossible to
         | improvise over a jazz chord progression until they tried LSD).
         | 
         | Personally I think a great many of the problem outcomes with
         | psychedelics is related to consumerism and the desire for quick
         | fixes. A society blanketed with pharmaceutical advertising and
         | indoctrinated with the notion that pills fix health problems
         | will tend to generate individuals who think taking some drug
         | will 'fix' them. A typical outcome for such people is that they
         | try some psychedelic, have a great time, and then run back to
         | the well for another taste, and then have a horrible grim
         | experience, reliving some past personal trauma or consumed with
         | morbid thoughts of death and darkness, etc. - the so-called
         | 'bad trip'. Let alone people who take so much they completely
         | dissociate with sensory reality, a very dangerous situation as
         | they may fall off cliffs, walk into traffic, etc.
         | 
         | More often than not, people indoctrinated into consumerist drug
         | use will instead turn to alcohol, opiates, cocaine,
         | amphetamines, benzos, etc. - all drugs with fairly predictable
         | feel-good effects, a variety of negative health effects, and
         | high addiction potential - but not much risk of a 'bad trip'.
         | In contrast, psychedelics have potential for combatting
         | addiction to such drugs because they lead to introspection,
         | self-reflection, and the realization that the short-term feel-
         | good effects of addictive drugs are not worth the long-term
         | consequences - the degradation of ones' mental and physical
         | capabilities, degraded social relationships, loss of emotional
         | control and so on.
        
       | johndhi wrote:
       | I could be just in a bitter mood, but somehow all of these
       | articles decrying what a terrible job we did by shutting down
       | psychedelic research in favor of a war on drugs... Don't make me
       | feel optimistic that we've moved on or improved as a species.
       | 
       | Like, this attitude of "oh NOW we see, we were just dumb 40 years
       | ago! Everything will be better because NOW we get it" strikes me
       | as exactly the same attitude that caused this problem in the
       | first place.
       | 
       | The regulators etc thought they knew better and "fixed" the
       | errors of the past by starting the war on drugs.
       | 
       | I guess to me, like, just focus on science and principles like
       | free speech and the funding of interesting hypotheses. I feel
       | like we're just demonizing a new group here and not learning the
       | lesson of: "stop demonizing."
        
         | tastyfreeze wrote:
         | Sure, it can feel that way if you believe that the war on drugs
         | was started to keep people safe. However, if it was started as
         | a means to persecute "undesireables" or political opponents the
         | current trend seems less questionable.
        
         | travisjungroth wrote:
         | I mean this sincerely: I think you're right about this coming
         | from your mood. You haven't engaged with the actual argument
         | much. It's pretty reasonable to say things people did in the
         | past were wrong. You can do things from first principles, but
         | that also gets real abstract. Eventually, people need to be for
         | or against specific policies.
        
         | fasterik wrote:
         | I think we actually did learn things that we didn't know the
         | first time around. We know that it's dangerous when influential
         | researchers go around promoting psychedelics as a panacea like
         | Timothy Leary did. The current wave of researchers seem to be
         | much more responsible in emphasizing an evidence-based
         | approach, the importance of screening for risk factors, and
         | limiting the use of psychedelics to a controlled therapeutic
         | setting.
        
           | InCityDreams wrote:
           | > and limiting the use of psychedelics to a controlled
           | therapeutic setting.
           | 
           | Your other points I understand. This particular one I find
           | controversial as one of the unkowns is what is an ideal
           | setting? I've got friends that will drop a tab, and go for a
           | beer - just as impossible for me as sitting in a 'controlled
           | environment' [therapeutic setting] with a shrink, or a Man-
           | retreat for ex-military types. I'd like to just have easy
           | access to a known quality, and strength of chemical, that I
           | can happily take, wheresoever _I_ prefer.
        
             | fasterik wrote:
             | There are well known risks of psychosis and schizophrenia
             | associated with psychedelics. Just because your friend can
             | drop a tab and go to the bar doesn't mean that it's a good
             | idea for everyone to be doing so.
             | 
             | I'm fairly libertarian on drugs, but I do think there is a
             | big difference when it comes to psychedelics. The potential
             | harms aren't only to the person doing it, but for people
             | around them who might be victims of their psychotic break.
             | It's safest if there is someone around to administer a
             | benzodiazepine or antipsychotic if necessary.
        
               | johndhi wrote:
               | >The potential harms aren't only to the person doing it,
               | but for people around them who might be victims of their
               | psychotic break
               | 
               | Fyi research apparently shows that mentally unwell people
               | are more likely to be physically harmful to others as
               | compared with the average. Sounded weird to me but
               | apparently there's some data.
        
       | pizza wrote:
       | Knew that name sounded familiar.. Margaret Mead was one of the
       | 'core group' members of the Macy Conference(s) in Cybernetics
       | [0], whose other members included such people as John von
       | Neumann, Norbert Wiener, Walter Pitts, Warren McCulloch..
       | 
       | [0] https://asc-
       | cybernetics.org/foundations/history/MacyPeople.h...
        
         | samstave wrote:
         | Also a wonderful anaecdote, WRT LSD and Tech - when Hoffman's
         | 100th birthday happened they had an interview with one of the
         | founders/first employees of Cisco, and he stated they were
         | against drug testing, because they discovered the logic for BGP
         | and RIP routing protocols in epiphanies due to LSD.
         | 
         | Also, there is this letter from Hoffman to Jobs:
         | 
         | https://www.huffpost.com/entry/read-the-never-before-pub_b_2...
        
       | 50 wrote:
       | UCSC should also have a psychedelics studies program (is there
       | any better place?), particularly on account of their already
       | unique (and wonderful) History of Consciousness program.
       | 
       | I remember an old and dear chemist friend of mine there who made
       | me aware of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic
       | Studies (MAPS). I still have his copy of _Sweetness and Power:
       | The Place of Sugar in Modern History_ he lent me after taking a
       | sociology course on drugs in society, if I recall correctly.
        
       | mitchbob wrote:
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20240114171707/https://www.latim...
        
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