[HN Gopher] Our Generation Ships Will Sink (2015)
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       Our Generation Ships Will Sink (2015)
        
       Author : BerislavLopac
       Score  : 39 points
       Date   : 2024-01-10 11:45 UTC (3 days ago)
        
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       | kiratp wrote:
       | One thing I firmly believe - the people who will pull this off
       | will be ones who just aren't willing or able to see all the
       | possible failure paths.
       | 
       | Unreasonable optimism is the only path to success at this scale.
        
         | actionfromafar wrote:
         | These people can be found in many crazy success stories,
         | survivor bias and all that. Can't fault them either, it worked
         | for them...
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | > survivor bias and all that
           | 
           | Even been to the Vasa Museum?
        
         | CamperBob2 wrote:
         | A key flaw in the essay is that the failure modes inherent in
         | remaining a single-planet (or even a single-system) species go
         | unstated, and are arguably even worse:                  They
         | would know that their fate was         created for them by
         | ancestors who made         the choice to enter the starship, a
         | choice they could never unmake.         That might be
         | irritating.
         | 
         | Um, yeah, and so is the knowledge that an oncoming asteroid is
         | about to destroy the only planet we have.
         | 
         | In any case, the process of attacking the problems Robinson
         | mentions will make us unimaginably stronger. Perfecting fusion
         | power, understanding and mastering our own biomes, and learning
         | to coexist with ourselves will hardly be a waste of time, even
         | if we never overcome all of the showstoppers he cites.
         | 
         | In fact, I'd agree with Robinson in one key area: humans will
         | never make it to the stars.
         | 
         | Somebody will, though. They won't be humans anymore, not as we
         | are now. But their ancestors will have been. That's us.
        
           | paulryanrogers wrote:
           | What makes you think any lifeform from Earth will ever
           | independently live on another planet, much less one orbiting
           | a distant star? Goldilocks conditions appear to be rare, so
           | far as we can see. And therefore very unlikely to be reached
           | in any organism's lifetime.
        
       | moondistance wrote:
       | We will need to upload ourselves and/or have robots grow us when
       | we get to our destination. We will get there. It sounds crazy
       | until it doesn't.
        
         | omeze wrote:
         | The (canceled) show Raised By Wolves goes into this
        
         | kalbadia wrote:
         | this reminds me of the anime "Exception" I watched recently.
         | Pretty good one.
        
         | cousin_it wrote:
         | I'm very against developing uploading tech, because it allows
         | an unprecedented level of power over a person. Simply put,
         | someone can repeatedly resurrect and torture an upload a
         | million times a second, and if it's done on a private computer
         | then nobody else will know. More generally, my position is the
         | "butlerian jihad" one, that having any kind of intelligence in
         | machines (AI/uploading/whatever) enables way too many bad
         | outcomes, so humanity shouldn't develop such tech.
         | 
         | Biotech seems like a better way. "Have robots grow us", maybe
         | with predesigned adaptations to local conitions.
        
         | paulryanrogers wrote:
         | What convinced you to cross over to thinking it's not crazy?
        
       | fallingknife wrote:
       | I don't find this at all persuasive. The author mentions a lot of
       | potential problems, but doesn't go into detail on why any of them
       | are insurmountable. It just seems like the assumption that
       | because it sounds impossible at current levels of tech that it
       | will always be impossible.
        
         | CamperBob2 wrote:
         | The big problem is how unoriginal it is. The essay could have
         | been written at any time in the past, or transported there with
         | no mechanism other than a simple find/replace. As someone else
         | said, it's just a big list of reasons why airplanes won't work,
         | along with a few arguments regarding why submarines will never
         | be any good at swimming.
         | 
         | At some point you'd think people would get tired of being
         | wrong.
        
           | snakeyjake wrote:
           | >At some point you'd think people would get tired of being
           | wrong.
           | 
           | Many people suspected that the airplane naysayers were wrong
           | because heavier than air flight was already possible and the
           | only problem was sustaining it via mechanical means and
           | carrying a human. There were numerous examples, from falling
           | leaves to birds to children's gliders.
           | 
           | I reckon powered heavier-than-air flight was "proved"
           | possible the second someone observed a bird of prey or
           | scavenger carrying close in mass to itself.
           | 
           | There is no example of a generation ship. Earth doesn't
           | count. I think they won't work because there has been no
           | mechanism yet built that has lasted for the amount of time a
           | generation ship will need it to last. Then you get into a
           | mass death spiral of spare parts, raw materials, machines
           | needed to create spares out of raw materials once the spares
           | run out, recycling, storage of bulk raw materials, and the
           | fuel needed to move all of that mass. Even the oldest
           | currently-operating non-trivial mechanical devices, probably
           | clocks that have been installed in continually-operating
           | cathedrals, have had TONS of external inputs in the form of
           | lubricants, wood, and metals for replacement parts over the
           | centuries they've been operating.
           | 
           | Not even granite boulders "last" for tens of thousands of
           | years. They weather and chip and change over timespans that
           | long and are not the same as when they were formed. Space is
           | not as hostile in some ways as the earth's environment but it
           | is more hostile in other ways-- especially when you start
           | approaching even a small fraction of the speed of light.
           | People think a fusion reactor can be constructed will last
           | for 50,000 years?
           | 
           | "Oh just use robots and to keep the robots from breaking down
           | they'll be organic self-replicating robots and everything
           | will be recycled in a closed loop even though it is
           | impossible (literally and actually absolutely impossible) to
           | construct a pressure vessel (like, it's atomically impossible
           | it doesn't matter what material you use or how thick you make
           | it) that won't either leak or absorb (seriously, even if you
           | made it out of an exotic element not yet discovered that is
           | denser by orders of magnitude than anything we can even dream
           | of and install a magnetic containment field it WILL leak) the
           | atmosphere to a noticeable degree over tens of thousands of
           | years.
           | 
           | So then people come up with hand-waving solutions to those
           | problems that are the equivalent to "oh they'll just use
           | AI/the blockchain/hyperdrive".
           | 
           | Tell you what.
           | 
           | Once industrialized society exists for the amount of time it
           | will take to get to an inhabitable star (so NOT Proxima
           | Centauri) I'll say "you know what if we can last that long it
           | might be worth figuring out the mass death spiral problem".
           | We'll see if we last that long.
           | 
           | Until then?
           | 
           | Impossible.
        
             | Terr_ wrote:
             | In terms of flight comparisons, it's also worth bearing in
             | mind how many of our current flying contraptions don't
             | overlap with the kinds of things people were excited about
             | imagining at the time. Yes, in broad terms it was invented,
             | but that only validates a subset of predictions.
             | 
             | There are no cohorts of commuters using there bicycle
             | blimps or personal jetpacks to cross the skyways of Paris,
             | for example.
        
         | paulryanrogers wrote:
         | Fusion is possible, we even live near a star doing it right
         | now! But there are so many challenges that combine to make it
         | impractical for us to do on Earth. Overcoming them could
         | consume so many resources most of humanity is forced back into
         | the stone age, before seeing any positive output.
         | 
         | Permanent, independent residence apart from Earth strikes me as
         | a similar challenge.
        
       | southernplaces7 wrote:
       | Taking aside the unknown unknowns and known unknowns in the
       | speculative science of really creating generation ships, the
       | article puts forth a forced narrative that Plan B has to involve
       | colonizing extrasolar worlds and then breaks down why it's
       | impossible (again, a highly debatable conclusion). What it
       | doesn't talk about so much is that we don't need to leave the
       | solar system to create a Plan B. While nearby solar systems are
       | very speculatively feasiable for humanity, our own solar system
       | is outright technically feasible and at a much lower
       | technological threshhold. We could put deep effort into
       | colonizing many places right here and in some cases even with
       | something close to current technology, just massively scaled up.
       | A few basic ideas in descending order of feasability:
       | 
       | The obvious candidate, Mars (despite its supposed problems, still
       | a much more reasonable choice than anything outside the solar
       | system and the planet with the most benign climatic conditions
       | outside earth our whole system. This is a huge plus even when
       | weighed against all of the difficulties of Mars)
       | 
       | The upper atmosphere of Venus (extremely amenable and doable even
       | with something very close to current tech)
       | 
       | The subsurface of Mercury (easy climate control and so much free
       | solar power once you set up the collection systems)
       | 
       | Asteroids hauled into the inner solar system, or even asteroids
       | as they currently orbit in the Belt
       | 
       | At least a couple of Jupiter's moons.
       | 
       | With enough long-term investment and effort, potentially
       | millions, or even hundreds of millions of people could live
       | scattered across these places, with the resources of Earth still
       | in the background as a backup to potential problems and creating
       | a humanity that's much more robust against terrestrial
       | cataclysms.
       | 
       | On that last note, asteroids would cease being one of those
       | potential cataclysms, since our being able to fulfill any of the
       | above colonization plans presupposes our being able to capture
       | and redirect all but the most gargantuan asteroids if they're
       | discovered heading for Earth.
        
         | jvanderbot wrote:
         | Not to mention that the article attacks the currently known
         | technology with reasonable extensions, and treats those as a
         | Ark or cruise ship that somehow has to get to another solar
         | system. Rightfully skeptical there.
         | 
         | But there's so many other ways, ways that our descendents will
         | think of that were beyond our imagination. Think tiny robots
         | and gene bombs, or peppering interstellar visitors with inert
         | payloads, etc. Once you abandon the meme of a brave ship full
         | of sailors, it's fair to return to an optimistic future
         | millennium where humans are sending life to the stars.
         | 
         | And that's completely without considering all the very real
         | possibilities in our solar system, which are more challenges of
         | degree, rather than kind. Perhaps human lifespan in orbit is 30
         | years at first. It wouldn't be the first time a population took
         | root in a hostile area.
        
         | paulryanrogers wrote:
         | > While nearby solar systems are very speculatively feasiable
         | for humanity...
         | 
         | Such confidence. We aren't even living sustainably on our home
         | world. Strongly doubt we'll ever do so in craft that can reach
         | other stars, much less once we arrive there.
        
         | johnbcoughlin wrote:
         | The author of the article is Kim Stanley Robinson, whose Mars
         | Trilogy and novel 2312 include all of the possible in-solar
         | system alternatives you mention and more.
        
         | jl6 wrote:
         | Asteroids have at least one advantage over planets - their
         | shallow gravity well makes it much easier to come and go.
         | Perhaps a little too easy. The sci-fi vision of a travel/trade
         | network in space seems more feasible between asteroids than
         | between planets.
        
           | Terr_ wrote:
           | The question is what one would trade, especially if there has
           | to be an actual early growth phase rather than just having it
           | poofed into existence with regional value-added manufacturing
           | specialties out of nowhere.
        
             | XorNot wrote:
             | Precious industrial metals and beamed solar power would be
             | one thing.
             | 
             | Spaceborne agriculture would be another, if only for
             | species like bananas which are too vulnerable to parasites
             | on Earth now (easier sterile, isolated environments).
        
         | dash2 wrote:
         | How easy is it to grow an atmosphere on Mars? Either for the
         | whole planet, or say for some 1km x 1km bubbles?
        
           | stevenwoo wrote:
           | The author's fictional works (Mars trilogy for instance)
           | speculate that it would require the concentrated effort of
           | the human race (via a UN type government or corporation) and
           | Von Neumann factory robots that can replicate themselves or
           | other robots and hundreds of years of a multiple pronged
           | approach in space around Mars and on surface of Mars - spread
           | out over many thousands of acres, just based on what we knew
           | at the time of the writing. At the present time we cannnot
           | make a Von Neumann automata outside of paper or electronic
           | versions.
        
         | golem14 wrote:
         | Hah! We can't even build nuclear plants surviving a 20m tsunami
         | or airplanes where the front (door) doesn't fall off ...
         | 
         | I jest, but I believe we're far away from anything truly useful
         | for space travel even to MARS or Belt objects. We should
         | obviously try, so we can eventually succeed. I suspect our
         | (democratic) culture is making long term thinking and planning
         | harder than ever, since these efforts will require sacrificing
         | short term comforts. It will be interesting to see if the much
         | more centralized Chinese or private US-based efforts will speed
         | up our progress.
        
       | issa wrote:
       | Tons of respect for KSR but this reads like a treatise on why
       | airplanes will never work. https://bigthink.com/pessimists-
       | archive/air-space-flight-imp...
        
         | Analemma_ wrote:
         | I don't think you can treat those as equivalent. The arguments
         | against airplanes were about _physics_ , which is comparatively
         | easy. The whole point of this essay, and KSR's companion novel
         | Aurora, is that people who get excited about generation ships
         | tend to only think about the physics and engineering problems,
         | and handwave away the problems of ecology, biology, sociology,
         | ethics (!), and politics (!!) because they don't find them
         | interesting, even though these problems are actually much
         | harder to solve. His complaint is that by sweeping the hard
         | problems under the rug, people are making this out to be a much
         | more feasible operation than it actually is.
         | 
         | In order to prove him wrong, you'd have to really grapple with
         | the question of how to have a self-sustaining ecology in space.
         | This is something I basically never see in online space
         | boosterism, and note that empirical attempts to answer it like
         | Biosphere 2 ended in complete failure (and those were on Earth,
         | which is orders of magnitude easier).
        
           | Terr_ wrote:
           | Coincidentally, I'm reading A City On Mars (by the husband
           | and wife team behind Saturday Morning Breakfast Cereal comics
           | [0]) and it's pretty much all about poking at those legal,
           | sociological, and medical problems that keep getting skipped
           | over.
           | 
           | [0] https://smbc-comics.com
        
           | johnnyanmac wrote:
           | Well the big flaw here is that he just outright throws away
           | the idea of FTL travel. A lot of that friction will be
           | reduced if we ever figure out how to break that (which yes,
           | is extremely tricky. Even IF we figure it out we'd need to
           | also counter time dilation to properly verify).
           | 
           | Now sure, the politics on who and what gets to go to thr next
           | world will doom many. But physics can alleviate the whole
           | "we'll tear each other apart over 200 years of space travel"
           | part
        
           | XorNot wrote:
           | The ethics of generation ships always seems like a ridiculous
           | issue to worry about: no one born today for a say in the
           | circumstances of their birth, nott the ideology they get
           | raised in. And there's _a lot_ of bad options if that 's
           | anywhere on Earth.
        
           | t43562 wrote:
           | Physics might seem easy to you now but flying was an
           | impossible dream for most of history.
           | 
           | The other problems may become more amenable - you just don't
           | know what will happen. CRISPR - an incredible tool.
           | Sequencing the Genome once seemed a massive task.
           | 
           | We can also re-engineer ourselves and that might help a lot.
        
       | coldtea wrote:
       | With enough hand waving and wishful thinking about FTL travel and
       | generation ships and other such BS, the sky is not the limit.
        
       | throwuwu wrote:
       | The chip on KSR's shoulder is so big you could hollow it out and
       | use it as a generation ship.
        
       | api wrote:
       | Arguing that things are impossible is, along with pessimism and
       | doomerism, a cheap low effort way to look smart and profound.
       | It's much easier than actually doing anything and since doing
       | things is hard and often fails it sets you up to say "ha ha told
       | you so."
       | 
       | Same thing applies to social criticism. Criticism is easy and
       | makes you look wise. Improving society is incredibly hard and
       | since it's so hard you often fail and look foolish.
       | 
       | All advancement depends on people who don't care if they look
       | dumb or foolish.
        
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