[HN Gopher] ESP32-C61: Delivering Affordable Wi-Fi 6 Connectivity
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       ESP32-C61: Delivering Affordable Wi-Fi 6 Connectivity
        
       Author : adolph
       Score  : 89 points
       Date   : 2024-01-12 15:21 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.espressif.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.espressif.com)
        
       | jauntywundrkind wrote:
       | Unclear to me how this is different from an ESP32-C6?
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26758050
       | https://www.espressif.com/en/news/ESP32_C6
        
         | IshKebab wrote:
         | Looks like it's an performance/cost upgrade:
         | 
         | > boasting optimized peripherals, improved connectivity, as
         | well as expanded memory options.
         | 
         | You're right it does sound almost identical though.
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | I think it is more like a C3 with Wifi6 than a C6. It has the
         | same clocked RISCV processor and lacks the C6 low power
         | processor and Zigbee baseband/mac. It has more peripherals than
         | C3 but fewer than C6. It has an interestingly named "Power
         | Glitch Detector" unlike the C6's and C3's "Brownout Detector."
         | 
         | https://www.espressif.com/sites/default/files/documentation/...
         | 
         | https://www.espressif.com/sites/default/files/documentation/...
        
       | osrec wrote:
       | Out of interest, has anyone successfully used an ESP32 on a
       | commercial project, or are these intended primarily for
       | hobbyists?
       | 
       | Also, what would be considered the go-to chip for commercial
       | applications?
        
         | codexfons wrote:
         | This is a niche, but commercial product using ESP32:
         | https://lectronz.com/products/pow-u-han-port-reader-for-m-bu...
         | 
         | I use it and it's crazy how much it can do with close to no
         | power.
        
         | magicalhippo wrote:
         | My "smart" water heater[1] has an ESP32 in it.
         | 
         | [1]:
         | https://www.hoiax.no/produkter/varmtvannsberedere/smartbered...
        
           | bmicraft wrote:
           | My dryer too
        
         | epcoa wrote:
         | > are these intended primarily for hobbyists?
         | 
         | They're not really intended at all for hobbyists. The espressif
         | products are in countless IoT devices.
         | 
         | https://www.espressif.com/
         | 
         | This is not marketing aimed at hobbyists.
         | 
         | Further I think most of the people using ESPHome and the like
         | are reflashing commercial products.
         | 
         | > the go-to chip for commercial applications?
         | 
         | For a pacemaker, a Mars rover or a video game console? What
         | exactly do you think unifies "commercial application" that
         | would allow narrowing down in such a way.
         | 
         | If you're talking about low cost IoT, there are a handful of
         | vendors including Beken, Realtek, SiLabs, ST, TI, nRF. For this
         | super low cost WiFi/BLE consumer niche espressif is not the
         | only player but they are dominant along with nRF and Beken.
        
           | zwieback wrote:
           | One concern is supply chain and working with a Chinese
           | company. If you build something that has to guarantee a 10 or
           | 20 year supply some companies might balk at the ESP32. I
           | think Espressif has jumped over into the "reputable" pool but
           | it could still be a concern.
        
             | moffkalast wrote:
             | On the other hand when someone like TI prices their parts
             | at like 30x the cost (e.g. ESP32-WROOM $3, TI CC3235SF $73)
             | you can probably afford to build up a 10 year supply,
             | especially with volume discounts.
        
               | zwieback wrote:
               | I don't know about this particular comparison but yes,
               | lifetime-buys can be a good strategy.
        
               | tredre3 wrote:
               | Espressif is usually very good with both pricing and
               | availability if you wish to buy in bulk.
               | 
               | I bought 1000 ESP32-S2 chips (not modules) for a project,
               | it cost me a grand total of 1200 bucks as a nobody.
               | During the height of the shortage from most western
               | manufacturers too!
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | > If you build something that has to guarantee a 10 or 20
             | year supply
             | 
             | Consumer products routinely drop support after 3/5 years,
             | Android phones being exhibit A, Sonos speakers are exhibit
             | B, and Google in general being in the corner of shame.
             | 
             | While I applaud any efforts at product longevity, I am not
             | getting the impression that it's a first-priority concern
             | at present.
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | Products based on the Makerbase spindle/laser engraver, like
         | all the inexpensive 3018 CNCs, all use an older ESP32.
         | 
         | https://github.com/makerbase-mks/MKS-DLC32
         | 
         | Many/all of the Sonoff smart home things use various ESP chips:
         | 
         | https://www.cnx-software.com/2022/06/17/sonoff-pow-elite-esp...
        
         | zwieback wrote:
         | We started an ESP32-based design but for internal R&D purposes,
         | within our inkjet manufacturing division. In that sense it's
         | not commercial but uses professional toolsets and contract
         | manufacturing etc., assurance of supply and supply chains.
         | 
         | In the past we mainly used STM32 both because it's a great chip
         | and because we have a tight relationship with ST. However, some
         | of the younger employees we recently brought on are big fans of
         | the ESP32 and we thought "why not give the youngsters a
         | chance".
         | 
         | It's looking really promising, the ESP32 nicely fills the niche
         | between low-level Arduino-like micros and Linux-based larger
         | boards like the Pi.
        
         | coupdejarnac wrote:
         | I always get a chuckle when people asked if these are used in
         | commercial projects.
         | 
         | The answer is yes, they are in millions of devices.
        
           | bmicraft wrote:
           | Not just millions, apparently they some a billion chips
           | (according to their website)
        
         | stockhorn wrote:
         | We're building an iot product based on the esp32c6. The rust
         | support is fantastic, making it a good choice to write stable
         | firmware for it.
        
         | wildzzz wrote:
         | My dad has a little gadget for his big green egg that monitors
         | and adjusts the temperature by controlling a small fan at the
         | air intake. You can check the temperature over WiFi either
         | through their app or on a very basic webpage the device serves.
         | I peeked inside once and it's definitely a basic ESP8266 module
         | mounted to a board. It's the perfect module for this kind of
         | application. An ESP32 would be a little bit of overkill for
         | this kind of application unless you wanted to add a display or
         | some other extra processing load to the hardware. A module from
         | Nordic would also be appropriate.
        
           | lozaning wrote:
           | Traegerdoesn't even bother changing the OUI on the espressif
           | module they put in their wifi connected smokers.
        
         | bierjunge wrote:
         | Yes, I've used it in a commercial product with 10000+
         | deployments. It was the only chip with BLE and WiFi, so there
         | was no other option at the time. If the requirements were
         | different, I would use something from Nordic Semiconductors [0]
         | or some ARMv8 chip.
         | 
         | The hardware itself is fine, but the biggest pain was getting
         | stable WiFi and BLE connections simultaneously, because of only
         | one antenna/radio. RAM was also a problem, it would be great to
         | have at least 512kb. The SDK from Espressif is sometimes a
         | little bit weird, but usable and bugs are fixed quickly. The
         | build system is ok, nothing special.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.nordicsemi.com/
        
           | mardifoufs wrote:
           | I think the more recent esp32s3 have 512kb of ram, with
           | support for 32mb of external ram on the board! Makes it easy
           | easier to work with
        
             | tredre3 wrote:
             | The original ESP32 also has 512KB of RAM but some is
             | reserved for instruction and flash cache. So on both the OG
             | and the S3 you end up with about 350KB usable. Wifi is
             | manageable but bluetooth will use most of it.
             | 
             | That said both the original ESP32 and the S3 support
             | external PSRAM (4MB* for the og, 32MB for the S3).
             | 
             | You can buy modules with such RAM already (which you would
             | likely do for most deployment), but if you really need a
             | single chip solution they also sell the ESP32 chips with
             | that "external" RAM embedded in it (albeit in smaller qty,
             | like 2MB).
             | 
             | * The OG actually supports 8MB but only the first 4MB is
             | directly addressable, you have to handle bankswitching
             | yourself to access more.
        
               | mardifoufs wrote:
               | Oh I think I got confused with the ESP32s with integrated
               | "external" ram. And yeah, I think I was comparing them to
               | the esp8xxx, which obviously have less ram. Still, the
               | esp32 hasn't changed that much since the first version
               | then I guess. I mean except for all the peripherals!
        
         | brk wrote:
         | Not yet (in development), but there are literally 10's of
         | millions of these powering common commercialized devices at
         | this point.
         | 
         | I have several controllable LED light bulbs that are all ESP-
         | based, bought on Amazon. Lot's of sensors, and general business
         | and consumer oriented stuff using ESP8266 and ESP32 chips.
        
         | r3dey3 wrote:
         | Yoto Mini (https://us.yotoplay.com/yoto-mini) is based around
         | an esp32
        
         | 0x000xca0xfe wrote:
         | AFAIK Shelly is the biggest customer of ESP32 chips. They sell
         | cheap but relatively reliable smart home WiFi devices with a
         | local web server that are really popular.
        
         | slau wrote:
         | I've designed a few boards with ESP32s on them. Sometimes as a
         | secondary system to provide wifi/ble, sometimes as the main
         | microcontroller. One example was a commercial display using
         | these P4 panels to display an 8-bit themed animation, and
         | another one where a bunch of old small green CRTs were wired
         | together to display the same "command prompt"-style text
         | displaying the opening hours and other information.
         | 
         | STM32 would be the other big family of microcontrollers. And if
         | you can get your hands on them, and need the vastly more
         | powerful capabilities, the i.MX series can be interesting.
        
         | odiroot wrote:
         | The even lower powered ESP8266 is used in countless WiFi smart
         | plugs and bulbs.
        
         | stavros wrote:
         | Sonoff devices use the ESP8266 extensively.
        
         | leptons wrote:
         | I'm not sure why this keeps coming up. Why _wouldn 't_ ESP32 be
         | used in commercial products??
         | 
         | >Also, what would be considered the go-to chip for commercial
         | applications?
         | 
         | ESP32, if it fits the product needs.
         | 
         | There are as many types of microcontrollers as there are needs
         | for specific functionality. ESP32 fits practically any
         | application that needs a microcontroller and wifi or bluetooth.
         | That's the description of quite a lot of IoT products.
        
         | paradox460 wrote:
         | Don't sonoff products use esp32
        
         | magicalhippo wrote:
         | > or are these intended primarily for hobbyists?
         | 
         | Cheap ICs and hobbyists-only do not go together. Cheap
         | hobbyists ICs are almost invariably cheap because there's
         | substantial commercial volume, and someone figured they could
         | work for hobbyists as well.
        
         | chpatrick wrote:
         | There are thousands of commercial products on AliExpress based
         | on ESP32.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | Note how this might be "Wifi 6", but it's still 2.4Ghz only and
       | as far as I can see still single antenna (making most mimo
       | functionality useless). Target Wake Time looks like the only
       | feature that might be useful (reduces battery consumption
       | substantially), but few applications can make use of that yet
       | because your product still needs to work if the user has an old
       | router which doesn't support it.
       | 
       | Other ESP32's in the range don't get more than about 20Mbps
       | throughput under ideal conditions, so it probably isn't exactly a
       | beast in the wifi performance department.
       | 
       | In fact, I wouldn't be surprised if this isn't the same silicon
       | with an upgraded firmware to enable this new functionality.
        
         | bmicraft wrote:
         | Shouldn't the fact that it's WiFi 6 mean it uses much less air
         | time? I thought WiFi 6 was designed for this scenario with many
         | clients. 2.4GHz is a bonus for low bandwidth iot devices where
         | range trumps throughout.
        
           | lxgr wrote:
           | As long as there isn't any other stuff on 2.4 GHz, it can
           | indeed be beneficial.
           | 
           | But if there are any legacy 802.11 (especially pre-802.11n)
           | or non-802.11 transmitters nearby, it can be catastrophic for
           | throughput, both because you need protective measures when
           | transmitting (so that older 802.11 versions can reliably
           | detect your transmissions as occupying the carrier) and
           | because some of them just don't cooperate well with 802.11 at
           | all (e.g. Bluetooth, which will just happily transmit over
           | 802.11 without any regard for CSMA/CA fairness at all).
        
           | DiabloD3 wrote:
           | Yes, 802.11ax added all the technology required to allow
           | subchannel slicing in both the time and frequency domains.
           | 
           | Lets say you had a 5ghz 8x8 160mhz AP (maximum allowable by
           | spec): if all you had were 1x1 20mhz clients, you could
           | theoretically have 64 different clients concurrently
           | communicating with the AP without any real problems.
           | 
           | 2.4ghz does not have 160mhz channels, but allows up to 40mhz.
           | Ignoring the fact that 2.4ghz is incredibly congested, and
           | you will never achieve peak performance, you can still
           | achieve a theoretical maximum (again, with 1x1 20mhz clients)
           | of 16 concurrent clients.
           | 
           | That said, I'm more interested in 802.11be: MIMO across
           | bands. Instead of hard disabling 2.4ghz (which I 100%
           | recommend all people do: this cures all Wifi ills; and if you
           | have a building that eats 5ghz, either move or spam APs), the
           | AP will dynamically use 2.4ghz as a possible MIMO band.
           | 
           | Theoretical maximum configuration of 802.11be is 40+160+320
           | (one 40mhz 2.4ghz channel, one 160mhz 5ghz channel, 1 320mhz
           | 6ghz channel), and 802.11be devices will simultaneously
           | communicate across all of them; maximum MIMO configuration
           | has also been increased to 16.
           | 
           | In other words, the future is an AP that looks like a
           | hedgehog, and has 10gbit port.
        
             | franga2000 wrote:
             | > if you have a building that eats 5ghz, either move or
             | spam APs
             | 
             | The insanity of moving just to get better wifi reception
             | aside, do you mean move to North America where houses are
             | built out of cardboard and sticks? Most other countries
             | build walls out of solid materials and 5 GHz isn't getting
             | through more than maybe one of those.
             | 
             | As for spamming APs, I really wish it were that simple.
             | Apple devices cling to their AP until speeds drop to the
             | dialup days and other platforms aren't much better. How did
             | we figure out GSM roaming in the 90s but WiFi roaming is
             | still a disaster 30 years later?
        
               | timschmidt wrote:
               | If you've set up many APs already, and find client
               | devices sticking to them too strongly, this is a sign to
               | turn down transmit power on the AP in question. Most ship
               | set to "Max" which is terrible for SNR and spatial
               | separation. Turning down transmit power will cause the
               | client to switch sooner, non-intuitively providing more
               | bandwidth due to better utilization of spatial
               | separation.
        
         | averysmallbird wrote:
         | The ESP32-C5 is supposed to have 5Ghz.
         | https://www.espressif.com/en/news/ESP32-C5
        
           | Fb24k wrote:
           | I don't know what happened to the C5 - still vaporware 18
           | months after announcement.
        
             | londons_explore wrote:
             | The lack of 5Ghz in all their products is... surprising...
             | 
             | There are plenty of home users with 5Ghz _only_ networks,
             | which in turn means anyone designing an IoT device will get
             | user complaints and returns from all these users.
        
               | notatoad wrote:
               | >There are plenty of home users with 5Ghz only networks
               | 
               | really? is this a configuration that some ISPs are
               | shipping in their routers, or how is this happening? i've
               | never heard of anybody with a 5GHz only home network.
        
               | tredre3 wrote:
               | It's certainly somewhat common for more tech savvy folks
               | to go out of their way to ensure their devices use 5Ghz
               | when compatible.
               | 
               | But ISPs? Router manufaturers? No way in hell, why would
               | they self-impose additional support burden by preventing
               | the customer from connecting their 4-5yo old low-end
               | laptop or their shiny new smart bulbs or their brand new
               | Amazon Kindle?
        
               | stefan_ wrote:
               | That's an odd configuration, because having a 2.4 GHz
               | network that all the shitty IoT devices can be on is one
               | of the best remaining uses of that band.
        
               | kimixa wrote:
               | 2.4 is still the best choice for range and penetration
               | (through walls etc.) if you don't _need_ the speed of
               | 5ghz. I 'm honestly surprised if they're shipping 5ghz-
               | only consumer access points.
        
               | declaredapple wrote:
               | > The lack of 5Ghz in all their products is...
               | surprising...
               | 
               | Is it? Are there any competitors in the class have 5ghz
               | support? Most of the radio MCUs I've seen are all 2.4ghz
               | which includes thread/zigbee/wifi/etc.
               | 
               | Every IOT device I've ever seen is 2.4ghz
        
         | kbumsik wrote:
         | I suppose it would drain far much more battery if it supports
         | 5Ghz, multiple antenna, and wider bandwidth.
        
           | KeplerBoy wrote:
           | So be it. That would still be fine for some applications.
        
             | lxgr wrote:
             | Sure, but apparently not for the ones targeted by this
             | chipset.
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | Indeed - the target of this device is lowish cost IoT.
               | 
               | Things like $20 "wifi doorbell"'s.
               | 
               | The esp8266 range is for ultra low cost wifi - things
               | like $5 "wifi bulb"'s
        
               | KeplerBoy wrote:
               | There's also room for mains powered ultra low cost wifi
               | appliances. Think about fans or air humidifiers.
        
         | vetinari wrote:
         | In this class of devices, I would be interested in 1024 QAM and
         | OFDMA support, not MIMO.
        
         | lxgr wrote:
         | > single antenna (making most mimo functionality useless)
         | 
         | Can't the AP still use MU-MIMO even for single-antenna clients?
         | That's still a significant improvement every time more than one
         | STA is active, especially in the super-busy 2.4 GHz band.
        
         | outworlder wrote:
         | Not many access points even bother with Wifi6 @ 2.4GHz. I know
         | of only enterprise and a handful of small business access
         | points.
         | 
         | If your network does have the capability, it should be able to
         | make much better use of airtime, more so if you have lots of
         | them in your network.
         | 
         | It's a bummer that it's not 5Ghz. Even at lower data rates it
         | would be great.
        
         | 0x457 wrote:
         | To be fair, such devices would prefer 2.4Ghz any other Wi-Fi
         | frequency cries at a view of a single wall.
        
       | jve wrote:
       | Just yesterday was looking at ESP32 custom board used to
       | open/close gates which has super weak signal even when access
       | point is only few meters apart... I found that there is empty
       | place where external antenna connects - I think I can solder the
       | connector and connect the antenna.
       | 
       | Is there any article out there that would help me do it? As I
       | understand there needs to be some resistor that should be
       | desoldered or existing link to on-board antenna cut.
        
         | BizarroLand wrote:
         | That's about it. Antennas aren't anything but wire or a small
         | sheet of metal, all you need is something to increase the
         | amount of metal exposed to the signal.
         | 
         | This is a quick & dirty diy "solder on some more metal & an
         | antenna" tutorial:
         | 
         | https://community.home-assistant.io/t/how-to-add-an-external...
         | 
         | Solder mask might have been a better cover than the one shown,
         | but the hot glue would do in a pinch.
         | 
         | Also, as far as resistor goes, there is no spec for the
         | resistor. It's a jumper, that's all.
        
           | jve wrote:
           | Excellent article! This is what I was hoping to find. Luckily
           | I have some solder mask and UV light laying around :)
           | 
           | Thank you.
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | While I'm glad there progressing I suspect I'll continue to buy
       | 2.4ghz wifi 5 ones. I park all my IOT stuff on that to keep 5 and
       | 6 ghz clean for key device.
        
         | slau wrote:
         | This is 2.4
        
       | 0x000xca0xfe wrote:
       | I wonder what RISC-V core they are using, a custom design?
        
       | ipython wrote:
       | I will start by saying I am not an embedded engineer. Given that
       | I am but a consumer of about a dozen different IoT devices, I
       | would love it if embedded wifi chipsets didn't suck so much. I
       | don't care if it's WiFi 4, just make them not suck.
       | 
       | Each manufacturer seems to have their own little quirks you need
       | to work around: one device only works well on 2.4 channel 1,
       | another will aggressively roam to other access points (even
       | though it and the ap are stationary, and the closest ap has <
       | -60dbm signal). Even the most relatively well behaved modules
       | will disconnect and reconnect constantly (average connection time
       | is ~10 minutes to an hour, mind you the device is constantly
       | connected to mains power). God forbid you enable any 802.11
       | extensions on the radio servicing those devices, then you're
       | really in for a world of hurt.
       | 
       | Then when you complain to the manufacturer, you get super helpful
       | advice like "factory reset your router" and "open the following
       | 28 ports through your nat gateway to our device" (sooooo... and
       | if I have two of your devices, what then?). It's a total
       | shitshow.
        
         | fusslo wrote:
         | As an embedded engineer, I also wish wifi chipsets didn't suck
         | so much
         | 
         | Back when I was working on homekit smart products, we would
         | test our products against a huge swath of wifi routers,
         | including apple's.
         | 
         | There was a handful of conformity tests we'd run, including
         | Bonjour, DHCP, arp, etc.
         | 
         | I don't think a single router passed every test, including
         | Apple's.
         | 
         | So our wifi stack was pretty good, but we also had to watch out
         | for all these corner cases of different vendors and how they
         | don't behave to spec.
         | 
         | Its been about 6 years since I was full time in wifi, and I
         | hope we've progressed, but I doubt it
        
       | seba_dos1 wrote:
       | I'd like to read something about the naming scheme behind the
       | ESP32 series, it seems... interesting.
        
       | squarefoot wrote:
       | I wonder if the lack of 5GHz band could be to avoid being forced
       | to become DFS compliant.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_frequency_selection
        
         | phoenk wrote:
         | I would assume it just isn't a requirement in the majority of
         | IoT projects, and omitting it saves on cost.
        
       | nevi-me wrote:
       | They should have named it C8, the have will be confusing. It also
       | doesn't feel like much of an upgrade to the C3.
        
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       (page generated 2024-01-12 23:00 UTC)