[HN Gopher] Post Office lied and threatened BBC over Fujitsu dev...
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       Post Office lied and threatened BBC over Fujitsu dev whistleblower
        
       Author : johndunne
       Score  : 460 points
       Date   : 2024-01-12 11:34 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bbc.co.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bbc.co.uk)
        
       | johndunne wrote:
       | This Post Office scandal is currently ongoing in the UK. The
       | Fujitsu developer in question confirmed what the Post Office was
       | denying, that the Horizon software at the center of the scandal,
       | had implemented methods for secretly editing accounts. Approx 700
       | postmasters (self-employed managers of Post Office branches) were
       | held responsible when large amounts of cash appeared to have
       | vanished from tills, resulting in prosecutions for fraud and
       | theft. I know someone who was affected by this, who managed a
       | now-closed Post Office branch here in Wakefield, UK and it was a
       | life ruining ordeal for her. She was accused of stealing
       | PS1,000's in cash. I'm not sure if it was a bug or someone
       | remotely changed the account records for her branch, but the
       | campaign the Post Office ran to smear any accusations of
       | wrongfulness on the part of the Horizon software is shocking.
        
         | ExoticPearTree wrote:
         | I loosely followed the discussion here on HN, but I don't see
         | any mention of anyone from the Post Office being
         | arrested/prosecuted/sentenced for this.
         | 
         | It seems that some people there abused their power and need to
         | cool down behind bars.
        
           | petesergeant wrote:
           | In fact, they had recently shortlisted the lady in charge of
           | the PO at the time to be the Bishop of London, because of
           | course they had.
        
             | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
             | That's Paula Vennells and she was awarded a CBE for her
             | role in running the Post Office. However, there's just been
             | a petition that garnered over 1.2 million signatures for
             | her to be stripped of her CBE and in response, she has
             | "promised" to return it.
             | 
             | I, for one, don't believe her.
        
               | nebulous1 wrote:
               | Apparently she can't "return" it, it has to be annulled
               | by the British monarch.
        
               | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
               | I hope Charlie does that then, but it depends on whether
               | he cares enough about it.
               | 
               | I think it would be fitting if a significant percentage
               | of other people with CBEs started to return them with
               | public statements about them not wanting to be associated
               | with the likes of Paula Vennells.
        
               | tialaramex wrote:
               | It's not really on Charlie, any more than he's the one
               | making the lists. His mother wasn't like "OH, we should
               | honor that Post Office lady, I like receiving letters and
               | I bet she's somehow responsible for that". She just got a
               | list with Paula's name on it, along with various crooks,
               | financiers, consultants, political hacks and maybe the
               | odd charity worker.
               | 
               | Issuing Honours is something a Monarch does, but like
               | declaring War or deciding what Laws should govern the
               | country, they don't actually make decisions, that's a
               | government problem.
               | 
               | So long as the general public were barely aware of a
               | problem, this could skate along as not important _for
               | years_ , but now lots of people are angry because they
               | saw a TV show and for once when they said "Hey this is
               | terrible!" instead of "It's just a TV show it's not real
               | you idiots" those of us who were paying attention are
               | like "Yes, so what are you going to do about it?" which
               | as we've seen puts pressure on government to _actually do
               | something_.
        
           | Tyrek wrote:
           | It's insane to me that most of the heat is being directed at
           | Fujitsu. Sure, there's definitely some culpability there, but
           | the Post Office (especially their legal team) holds the vast
           | majority of the responsibility. There's a lot weighing in on
           | the multi-year investigation that (has been) ongoing, but I
           | can't help but feel like they're waiting for the public furor
           | to cool down before releasing anything.
        
             | toyg wrote:
             | _> the Post Office (especially their legal team) holds the
             | vast majority of the responsibility._
             | 
             | It really depends on what Fujitsu told which PO manager.
        
               | tialaramex wrote:
               | The Post Office also paid independent people to figure
               | out where the problem is, and the answer was "Horizon is
               | garbage, you can't rely on it". So, they fired those
               | people.
               | 
               | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-lancashire-67921974
               | 
               | This a pattern we've seen before
               | 
               | 1. "We aren't wrong, you are too involved to make an
               | impartial decision. We need somebody independent to
               | investigate"
               | 
               | 2. "The independent investigation has finished, but we
               | need to properly digest their report, so we can't tell
               | you what they said yet"
               | 
               | 3. "We've now realised the independent investigation was
               | inadequate, everybody who worked on it was incompetent
               | and its findings are useless so we've destroyed the
               | report. We declare ourselves exonerated, we were right
               | all along".
               | 
               | People tend to have this mistaken understanding of
               | morality which assumes they're a _good_ person and so
               | therefore obviously what they did must be good (since
               | they 're a good person) and so they might need to uh, fix
               | differences between the world as they've imagined it and
               | the slightly less rosy reality.
               | 
               | For example sure, you know that stabbing Sarah in the
               | throat resulted in Sarah becoming dead, but you had to do
               | that, because you're a good person and Sarah was going to
               | tell the Police that you'd stolen $18.5M from the
               | business. You didn't steal that money! Sure, yes, you
               | took the money and maybe you technically shouldn't have
               | done that, but you had a 100% sure strategy for playing
               | Blackjack and recovering the $800 000 you lost last
               | month, except that you got a bit confused and lost all of
               | the $18.5M, but that's not theft, that's just a minor
               | mistake you will be able to soon fix, if only Sarah
               | doesn't tell these lies about stealing and get you
               | arrested. So you had to, it wasn't murder, it was really
               | self defence. You're a _Good Person_!
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | > The Post Office also paid independent people to figure
               | out where the problem is, and the answer was "Horizon is
               | garbage, you can't rely on it". So, they fired those
               | people.
               | 
               | A UK tradition!
               | 
               | > In 2009, the government came under fire when ACMD
               | [Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs] chair David
               | Nutt of Imperial College London was sacked for
               | questioning government drug policy in public
               | 
               | https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/little-has-changed-
               | in-uk...
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | As I understand it, there's an ongoing PPE thing as well.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | Let me guess, they (also) only sacked people that went in
               | one direction with respect to gov policy and not the
               | other direction?
        
               | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
               | That implies that the Post Office didn't know about the
               | true situation, but they most definitely did know about
               | the issues, but continued to lie and fraudulently collect
               | money from the sub postmasters affected whilst collecting
               | bonuses for each successful prosecution.
        
         | prof-dr-ir wrote:
         | > currently ongoing in the UK
         | 
         | To be precise it is _finally_ getting some of the attention it
         | deserves, both from the public and from the government.
         | 
         | The miscarriages of justice date from 1999 until 2015, and the
         | high court ruling (about the software being faulty) that
         | finally stopped the flow of convictions dates from 2019, almost
         | five years ago. Very little happened since then, and in
         | particular no one has been held accountable.
         | 
         | If that delay sounds absolutely bonkers to you then yes, that
         | is what everyone else thinks as well.
        
           | krisoft wrote:
           | > Very little happened since then, and in particular no one
           | has been held accountable.
           | 
           | Even crazier. The Post Office just recently lowered(!) the
           | amount of money they allocated for compensations:
           | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-67784706
           | 
           | They basically allocated a pot of money to pay the people
           | they have harmed off. But these people had to actively go out
           | and request their conviction to be overturned. Which of
           | course many people were reluctant to do, since it means they
           | would be upturning their life again, and going to court and
           | finding lawyers and etc. They understandably have very little
           | trust in the system. So Post Office just shrugged and decided
           | they don't need to keep that much money around.
        
             | scott_w wrote:
             | > Even crazier. The Post Office just recently lowered(!)
             | the amount of money
             | 
             | It's even worse: they're still fighting hard against the
             | appeals, heaping more misery on the people trying to turn
             | their lives around!
        
               | miohtama wrote:
               | Sounds like lawyers are at the driving seat
        
               | dccoolgai wrote:
               | IANAL but in my experience, the lawyers would say
               | "doublecheck everything and if we're wrong, pay them so I
               | don't have to spend a lot of effort litigating this". No,
               | I would bet it's a combination of PR flacks and
               | MBA/C-levels who would rather ruin lives than take a
               | clear L on their record.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | Lawyers don't like losing cases.
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | This is the leadership instructing the lawyers to fight
               | the case. They can stop it at any time but they choose to
               | continue the misery of their victims instead of admitting
               | fault.
        
               | LaundroMat wrote:
               | Effort = income, so I don't see why certain lawyers would
               | not be willing to do the case.
        
               | dan-robertson wrote:
               | What exactly does 'fighting hard' mean? I got the
               | impression that the judges weren't very impressed with at
               | least some of their appearances in court.
        
               | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
               | They're hiding/losing evidence such as emails and
               | refusing to answer questions.
        
               | tuukkah wrote:
               | They hire expensive lawyers who are experts in making
               | black look white.
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | I think you highlighted it right there. They're fighting
               | even the slam dunk appeals, which is fucking disgusting,
               | in my opinion.
        
             | matteason wrote:
             | And all the while Horizon is still in use and still making
             | money vanish - via both bugs and the PS95 million paid to
             | Fujitsu to keep it going for another two years:
             | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-67940125
        
             | alphaomegacode wrote:
             | Seems one of the former senior executives of Fujitsu now
             | runs a gov't agency that handles contracts to digital
             | services vendors like...Fujitsu.
             | 
             | Not sure how the legal authorities work in the UK but
             | people have to be held accountable, regardless of political
             | party. One would think the government's legal authorities
             | have to act on behalf of the citizens not just in holding
             | persons criminally responsible but also compensating
             | victims.
             | 
             | https://democracyforsale.substack.com/p/tory-donor-
             | fujitsu-p...
        
           | tgv wrote:
           | The little that happened can be summarized as: the Post
           | Office CEO from 2015 to 2019 got a CBE when she stepped down.
        
             | SOLAR_FIELDS wrote:
             | For those not from the UK like myself that had to figure
             | out what CBE is - it stands for a title called Commander of
             | the Order of British Empire. It's granted to honor notable
             | service in various areas, including public works like the
             | Post Office. This acronym is apparently common enough to
             | people from the UK that news stories within the UK call it
             | CBE without explaining what the acronym means, so your
             | average UK citizen must know exactly what it means.
             | 
             | Most people from the USA are probably familiar with the
             | term "knighthood" or "being knighted" from the UK which is
             | referring to the same award process but higher ranking. The
             | two titles above CBE apparently are what knighthood refers
             | to, known as KBE/DBE (Knight/Dame Commander of the Order of
             | British Empire) and GBE (Knight/Dame Grand Cross of the
             | Order of the British Empire, the highest honor). So CBE is
             | essentially the third highest honor that can be granted in
             | this fashion.
             | 
             | Related to the story, it seems like the CEO in question was
             | forced to give up the CBE title two days ago in relation to
             | this scandal
        
               | at_a_remove wrote:
               | She said she will give it back. Which doesn't mean
               | anything, King Charles would have to agree to it.
               | 
               | She didn't say she would give back the associated _money_
               | she got.
        
               | ChrisSD wrote:
               | Just to clarify, I doubt many people from the UK would
               | know off hand what CBE stands for even though they know
               | what a CBE is. The full name is pretty archaic in any
               | case so it's basically just trivia at this point.
        
               | Lio wrote:
               | Really? I was under the impression this was common
               | knowledge. Certainly within my family.
        
               | tialaramex wrote:
               | There are a bunch of different orders you can get
               | knighted in, the British Empire is just one of them, for
               | example the fictional James Bond has a CMG, (Companion of
               | the Most Distinguished Order of St Michael and St
               | George), and the actor Daniel Craig who played him _also_
               | has a CMG, although unlike Bond he has not turned down a
               | KCMG (Bond turns down the knighthood because it makes you
               | more of a public figure which is undesirable for an
               | active secret agent whereas it 's no problem for an
               | actor).
               | 
               | The Order of St Michael & St George is also famous
               | because it's how the "Yes, Minister" joke works: CMG
               | stands for "Call Me God". And KCMG for "Kindly Call Me
               | God" / What does GCMG stand for? / "God Calls Me God".
               | 
               | She was not yet "forced" to give it up, although that is
               | likely the end result. These honours are notionally
               | bestowed by the Monarch (so these days, Charlie) under
               | advice, so a committee will decide that yup, Paula
               | clearly shouldn't have this honour, take it away, and
               | Charlie will sign the appropriate paperwork. What she's
               | done so far is write asking _that_ it be taken away,
               | which is almost nothing.
        
               | SOLAR_FIELDS wrote:
               | Interesting, thanks for sharing. Based on your comment I
               | looked it up and found 6 other orders, including Order of
               | Saint Michael and George that you mentioned. OBE is
               | apparently not the most prestigious one, the highest and
               | most prestigious one is apparently called The Most Noble
               | Order of the Garter. Interesting slice of old royal UK
               | culture.
        
               | pmyteh wrote:
               | Yes. The Garter and the Thistle (and the Order of Merit)
               | are exclusively small and also in the personal gift of
               | the sovereign. The Order of the British Empire is much
               | larger and appointments are made on advice from the
               | government.
        
               | sorokod wrote:
               | Her name is Paula Vennells.
               | 
               | I take this opportunity to reinforce the association of
               | her name with the scandal in future web searches.
        
               | Wistar wrote:
               | So, Paula Vennells's Post Office scandal?
        
               | sorokod wrote:
               | Yep, the same Paula Vennells that got a CBE in 2019 for
               | services to the Post Office.
               | 
               | https://www.gov.uk/government/people/paula-vennells
        
             | peterfirefly wrote:
             | "Ordener haenger man paa Idioter,       Stjaerner og Baand
             | man kun Adelen gier,       men om de Mallinger, Suhmer og
             | Rother,       man ej et Ord i Aviserne ser.       Dog, har
             | man Hjaerne,       kan man jo gjaerne       undvaere Orden
             | og Stjaerne."
             | 
             | (A verse from a satirical song from 1790 -- "orders are
             | hung on idiots".)
        
             | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
             | She was CEO from 2012 and started at the Post Office in
             | 2007 as group network director. She may not have started
             | the miscarriage of justice, but she certainly doubled down
             | on it.
        
               | chris_wot wrote:
               | She was also, until very recently, an Anglican minister.
        
         | dmix wrote:
         | Was it the post office itself that was dealing out charges?
         | Like a post office inspector or whatever it's called? Or was it
         | a normal police referral type thing?
        
           | benrutter wrote:
           | So apparently in UK law, the post office carry out their own
           | investigations before taking charges to court (effectively
           | replacing the police for internal post office charges) which
           | sounds mental to me.
        
             | scott_w wrote:
             | David Davis mentioned this on News Agents. It seems like a
             | holdover from when it was simply an arm of the state, where
             | it made sense that it could just handle its own enforcement
             | (since it carried the power of the Crown). It's absolutely
             | something that needs to be stripped away in the modern day.
        
               | RuggedPineapple wrote:
               | It's not really a holdover because the UK allows ANYONE
               | to bring a private prosecution. They just have the
               | resources to do it at scale.
        
               | JdeBP wrote:
               | There are legal arguments recounted in modern law
               | textbooks that the _whole idea_ of private prosecutions
               | in England and Wales is a hold-over nowadays. The
               | argument goes that since CPS decisions are subject to
               | judicial review, the raison d 'etre for private
               | prosecutions, that they allow for bad exercise of public
               | prosecutorial discretion to be corrected by private
               | persons, no longer exists, since the bad exercise of
               | discretion now has another remedy.
               | 
               | There is a fair groundswell of opinion, already driven by
               | the bad reputation that the RSPCA, another prolific
               | private prosecutor, has garnered, against private
               | prosecutions. The Horizon thing only serves to fuel this,
               | and I wouldn't be surprised if there were not soon a
               | proposal to do away with all private prosecutions on the
               | back of these, despite the fact that Post Office Ltd and
               | the RSPCA are _institutional_ private prosecutors, and
               | there 's nowhere near as strong a case that _personal_
               | private prosecutors are a problem.
        
               | bmsleight_ wrote:
               | Stephen Lawrence parents took the option of a private
               | prosecution. Everyone must have access to justice.
        
             | eli wrote:
             | It's the same in the US. The US Postal Inspector is federal
             | law enforcement within the post office.
        
               | jetpackjoe wrote:
               | I imagine that in the US, the actual prosecution is
               | handled by US Attorneys though (the DOJ), and not the
               | Post Office
        
               | mandevil wrote:
               | Not the same at all. The Postal Inspectors are law
               | enforcement, not attorneys. They don't do prosecutions at
               | all, the court stuff is handled by the regular Federal
               | Attorney's who work for the Attorney General. The Postal
               | Inspectors are basically a specialized FBI, but like the
               | FBI, once the cuffs are on the suspect it's out of their
               | hands. Though they may be called to testify, prosecution
               | decisions are made by a different group responsible to
               | different people- literally the first point of overlap in
               | the chain of command between a Federal Attorney and a
               | Postal Inspector is the President of the United States
               | (the FBI, as also part of the Department of Justice,
               | overlaps at the Attorney General).
        
             | physicsguy wrote:
             | It's not quite that, anybody in the UK can bring a private
             | prosecution in the UK if the want, so the Post Office was
             | not a special case here. It's really uncommon today, due to
             | the cost, etc. and what often happens is that the "Crown
             | Prosecution Service' which is the government organisation
             | repsonsible for prosecuting crimes normally can 'take on' a
             | prosecution and then choose discontinue it, which
             | effectively stops it. Note that this is only the case in
             | England/Wales, in Scotland the system is quite different.
             | With that said, there are several organisations that do it
             | still - the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
             | Animals (RSPCA) still regularly brings private
             | prosectuions.
             | 
             | Historically, all prosecutions were private, and later, the
             | police who investigated them carried them out.
        
               | wozniacki wrote:
               | Between 1999 and 2015, an estimated 3500 staff employed
               | by the state-owned Post Office service were accused of
               | fraud, theft or malicious accounting.              Almost
               | 700 of them were convicted in courts and some 230
               | were jailed.              Most were legally compelled to
               | repay the amounts they         were accused of fleecing,
               | resulting in bankruptcies,         marriage failures,
               | substance abuse and even suicides.              There was
               | just one not-so-little problem - virtually all         of
               | those people were innocent
               | 
               | Thats a lot of accusations and prosecutions don't you
               | think, for it to go unnoticed or uninvestigated for such
               | a long duration, dont you think?
               | 
               | Doesnt the UK have independent non-political bodies that
               | watch the watchers? What about protections for
               | whistleblowers who call these things out?
               | 
               | Frankly that sounds Banana-Republic-ish and not something
               | you would find in a first-rate advanced economy.
               | 
               | [1] Inside the incredible and devastating postal service
               | scandal that could bring down the UK government
               | 
               | https://www.news.com.au/finance/work/leaders/inside-the-
               | incr...
        
             | M2Ys4U wrote:
             | _Anyone_ can bring a private prosecution (in England and
             | Wales, at least. Scotland and Northern Ireland have
             | different legal systems).
             | 
             | The Crown Prosecution Service can take over any prosecution
             | at the discretion of the Director of Public Prosecutions,
             | but they didn't seem to know (and/or care) what the Post
             | Office were doing.
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | It's likely they won't step in if the organisation in
               | question has the resources to handle prosecutions at the
               | required scale. The CPS _did_ prosecute some cases but it
               | 's hard to blame them since they were being lied to by
               | the Post Office investigators.
        
             | krisoft wrote:
             | > which sounds mental to me
             | 
             | Isn't this very similar to how the United States Postal
             | Inspection Service works? (although I think they don't
             | prosecute themselves, but refer matters to the
             | prosecution.)
             | 
             | I heard they are quite formidable and not to be trifled
             | with.
        
             | toyg wrote:
             | Wait until you hear that the overwhelming majority of civil
             | and criminal cases are ajudged by amateurs (magistrates)
             | without any formal law qualification, who just happen to be
             | local "grandees" or pensioners...
             | 
             | The UK justice system is not fit for purpose - unless the
             | purpose is to let the upper classes get away with (almost
             | literal) murder.
        
             | JdeBP wrote:
             | Lots of people have told you that anyone can bring a
             | private prosecution. But they aren't telling the whole
             | story. Post Office Ltd, by being a successor to the
             | government monopoly of four centuries, is in a rather
             | strange legal position.
             | 
             | The _royal_ mail had all sorts of powers, historically, as
             | it was a royally sanctioned monopoly, with a charter. The
             | process of privatization left some odd conventions around,
             | such as that it was _normal_ for Post Office Ltd to
             | prosecute things privately, when this has been
             | _exceptional_ for most other entities.
             | 
             | The Post Office used to prosecute for television licence
             | offences, for example, and that only went away relatively
             | recently compared to some of its historic powers.
             | Historically, it had a monopoly over telephones and
             | telegraphy, and some of the powers that the Post Office had
             | in the 19th century were things like compulsory purchase of
             | anyone running private telephone or telegraph systems or
             | prosecuting people for traffic offences on the highway just
             | because there was a mail coach involved.
             | 
             | The Post Office Act 1953 granted the Postmaster General
             | some very sweeping powers, and set the bar quite low for
             | proving fraud against the Post Office: basically, the
             | Postmaster General's say-so for some elements. The
             | Postmaster General also had to give consent to all
             | prosecutions of offences against the Post Office,
             | effectively putting prosecutorial discretion in the hands
             | of the Post Office. And the Postmaster General also had the
             | power to collect the fines upon conviction.
             | 
             | And that's part of how we ended up with the situation at
             | the start of the 21st century.
        
             | WrongAssumption wrote:
             | How is this different from the US Postal Inspection
             | Service?
        
               | mandevil wrote:
               | PIS are investigators, police. They are not prosecutors,
               | they bring the information they collect to a US Attorney-
               | who works for the Attorney General in the Department of
               | Justice, not the Post Office- who actually conducts the
               | court cases.
               | 
               | In Law and Order: Postal Inspectors Jerry Orbach is a
               | Postal Inspector, Sam Waterston is the Federal Attorney,
               | and the closest boss who intersects in their respective
               | lines of authority is literally the President of the
               | United States.
        
           | scott_w wrote:
           | Yes. The Post Office historically was wholly owned by the UK
           | Government, so maintained its own private prosecutors instead
           | of relying on the Crown Prosecution Service. This is why it
           | was able to fight so hard to get convictions, they had the
           | funds to pay their own expensive lawyers to do it.
           | 
           | This meant those that fought the charges and lost were then
           | forced to "pay back" the money they "stole" _and also_ pay
           | the Post Office legal fees _and_ being sent to prison. The
           | scandal is sickening on literally every level you can
           | imagine!
        
             | miohtama wrote:
             | A good and sad example why trifecta and separation of
             | powers is important in democracy.
             | 
             | No one should share the role of prosecutor, jury and judge.
        
               | tomalpha wrote:
               | This was a regular court process, with an independent
               | judge and jury. It's just the prosecution was run
               | directly by the post office and not the public
               | prosecutor.
               | 
               | It still had very bad outcomes, and clearly with the
               | prosecution not being independent enough, but it wasn't
               | an entirely closed process.
        
               | JdeBP wrote:
               | It's not quite regular. Normally, the (purported) victim
               | and the prosecutor are not the same person. That's
               | another thing that has been highlighted by this case: the
               | fact that Post Office Ltd has inherited the ability to
               | prosecute crimes committed against itself, rather than
               | them being prosecuted independently by the Crown
               | Prosecution Service.
               | 
               | (More on which at
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38969076)
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | The CPS also "successfully" prosecuted some cases based
               | on the same evidence. If your key complainants are
               | fabricating evidence that looks solid to a jury,
               | separation of powers is not going to save you from the
               | power of the state.
               | 
               | As I said in a related comment: if I looked hard enough,
               | I imagine I'd also be able to find similar miscarriages
               | of justice in the USA, too.
        
               | hnfong wrote:
               | The key "complaints" of GP, as I understand them, are
               | that being simultaneously the victim and prosecutor, the
               | prosecutor-as-victim is more incentivized to use heavy
               | handed tactics during the prosecution process.
               | 
               | Whereas a generic prosecutor has a bunch of cases of
               | reports from victims that are not related to them, and
               | thus if a case is not sufficiently strong, they'd
               | normally just pick another case where the evidence is
               | strong. They also have the responsibility to
               | independently review the evidence from victims and
               | police. These procedural checks didn't apply in the post
               | office cases.
               | 
               | The procedural checks I mentioned above aren't fool-
               | proof, but they're something.
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | > The key "complaints" of GP, as I understand them, are
               | that being simultaneously the victim and prosecutor, the
               | prosecutor-as-victim is more incentivized to use heavy
               | handed tactics during the prosecution process.
               | 
               | I know what they wrote.
               | 
               | > The procedural checks I mentioned above aren't fool-
               | proof, but they're something.
               | 
               | I pointed out the CPS itself also prosecuted cases based
               | on the bad evidence provided to them, so the procedural
               | checks also did nothing.
        
               | hnfong wrote:
               | I think we're basically on the same page, diverging only
               | on speculative items.
               | 
               | Do note that the fact that CPS prosecuted cases does not
               | mean the CPS didn't throw out dubious cases. We only know
               | the ones they did prosecute, but we don't know how many
               | (if any) they did not prosecute. As I said, this is
               | speculation.
               | 
               | I also speculate that if you send hundreds of fraud cases
               | to the CPS they might be suspicious why the rate of
               | criminal fraud among the post office workers is so high.
               | 
               | I agree there's no evidence that the "private"
               | prosecutions made things worse, but it surely didn't
               | help, and deprived the system of an opportunity (whether
               | it would have been taken or not) to prevent the
               | miscarriages in the first place.
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | Honestly, the fact the Post Office were marking their own
               | homework almost certainly made everything worse, in my
               | opinion. I'm just taking issue with the idea that it was
               | the sole cause, as we similar things happen under
               | different systems, too.
        
               | saulr wrote:
               | > the fact that Post Office Ltd has inherited the ability
               | to prosecute crimes committed against itself
               | 
               | Any private citizen or business in the UK has a right to
               | prosecute crimes. It just costs a lot of money, so you
               | can imagine how it's used (spoiler: large
               | companies/wealthy individuals against poor people).
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | It was only the prosecutor, not the judge or jury. The
               | issue is that the Post Office lied to the judge and jury
               | about their evidence.
               | 
               | There were a (relatively) small number of prosecutions
               | from the CPS as well, which suffered from the same
               | problem: the Post Office investigators gave the same bad
               | evidence, which they used to convince a jury to convict.
               | 
               | I don't see how separation of powers helps here. I'm sure
               | if I looked, I'd find cases in the USA where the police
               | and/or prosecutors told a pack of lies based on dodgy
               | evidence to secure convictions of serious crimes, too.
        
               | hennell wrote:
               | Prosecuting directly meant there was no outside eyes on a
               | lot of the cases, no questions about if it was actually
               | in the public interest to prosecute, or external
               | assessment of the evidence before pushing for plea deals.
               | 
               | It's not a foolproof system, but I think most of the
               | cases you'd find about 'dodgy evidence' would also
               | mention a 'overly close relationship between police and
               | prosecutors' - because fully independent prosecutors
               | should be rejecting cases with dodgy evidence. The police
               | can get a bit grumpy with CPS for being quite strict at
               | times - but it holds them to work their next case
               | properly.
               | 
               | The PO clearly managed to convince the CPS in a number of
               | cases, but had they had to do that for all there would
               | have been a lot less cases prosecuted in total, and I
               | think there would have been questions about their system
               | a lot sooner.
               | 
               | It might not have avoided the problem, but it would have
               | been much needed additional oversight into what they were
               | doing.
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | > It's not a foolproof system, but I think most of the
               | cases you'd find about 'dodgy evidence' would also
               | mention a 'overly close relationship between police and
               | prosecutors'
               | 
               | So the separation of powers isn't a magic solution to the
               | problem then.
        
               | afandian wrote:
               | We know they lied. Do we know specifically if they have
               | been shown to have committed perjury?
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | I don't think they perjured themselves which isn't the
               | same as saying they didn't lie. It's easy to not perjure
               | yourself if you're not asked the right questions.
               | 
               | The lie came from the fact they weren't looking into
               | their own evidence and realising something was up when
               | they were prosecuting hundreds of sub-postmasters.
        
               | afandian wrote:
               | There's been so much misconduct in public office I just
               | wish there were some open and shut cases.
        
               | tialaramex wrote:
               | In the US the police are specifically _allowed_ to lie to
               | suspects, whereas British cops are not. If you can prove
               | the police lied in a recorded interview or something used
               | in evidence in court that 's going to be a big problem
               | for prosecutors in the UK but not in the US where it's
               | expected.
        
               | sorokod wrote:
               | Prosecutor and victim, extremely bad combination when a
               | powerful organization is involved.
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | See https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38968431
        
         | e40 wrote:
         | Is there a podcast that talks about this?
        
           | mrw34 wrote:
           | https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000jf7j/episodes/downloads
        
           | supertron wrote:
           | I recommend The Guardian's podcast episodes covering this:
           | 
           | https://www.theguardian.com/news/audio/2024/jan/08/revisited.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://www.theguardian.com/uk-
           | news/audio/2024/jan/08/revisi...
           | 
           | Also some Private Eye podcast episodes:
           | 
           | https://www.private-eye.co.uk/podcast/49
           | 
           | https://www.private-eye.co.uk/podcast/95
        
         | sonicanatidae wrote:
         | Welp, it'll be a fine, paid with other people's money and
         | that's about it.
         | 
         | Jail. The people who knowingly lied and sent people to prison
         | need to be jailed. Not fined, not given a handie, not allowed
         | to simply retire. J.A.I.L.
         | 
         | They callously wrecked people's lives, including some that
         | committed suicide.
        
           | maeil wrote:
           | Jail is not enough of a deterrent for the kind of enormous
           | damage some of the involved have caused to society. For such
           | large-scale, fully intentional, proven harm to society out of
           | nothing but self-interest over a long period of time,
           | stronger penalties than jail must be applied.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | Such as? (Bearing in mind the ECHR)
        
               | sonicanatidae wrote:
               | Beating them with pool cues about the head and shoulders
               | until their retinas detach would be a great consequence.
        
               | whycome wrote:
               | Echr?
        
               | vizzier wrote:
               | European Court of Human Rights.
        
               | AHatLikeThat wrote:
               | European Convention on Human Rights
               | https://www.echr.coe.int/documents/d/echr/Convention_ENG
        
               | polymatter wrote:
               | Perhaps forced bankruptcy to personally pay back
               | compensation to the Post Office. Follow the money the way
               | they do with terrorists.
        
         | rlpb wrote:
         | > I'm not sure if it was a bug or someone remotely changed the
         | account records for her branch...
         | 
         | From https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2024/jan/09/how-the-
         | post...:
         | 
         | > One [bug]...would see the screen freeze as the user was
         | attempting to confirm receipt of cash. Each time the user
         | pressed "enter" on the frozen screen, it would silently update
         | the record. In Dalmellington, that bug created a PS24,000
         | discrepancy, which the Post Office tried to hold the post
         | office operator responsible for.
         | 
         | The fact that this is even possible, apart from the sheer
         | incompetency of a software design that permits it, means that
         | no person can reasonably be accused of stealing cash if that
         | accusation is based on records from this system.
        
           | Gibbon1 wrote:
           | > would see the screen freeze as the user was attempting to
           | confirm receipt of cash. Each time the user pressed "enter"
           | on the frozen screen, it would silently update the record
           | 
           | Consider the shittiest homegrown shopping portal probably
           | doesn't do that and any commercial point of sale system
           | absolutely won't do that either. The system has to be such a
           | POS internally that no other vendor will take the liability
           | for it.
           | 
           | Reminds me of the Therac-25 that killed people. This thing
           | probably killed more people than that.
        
             | notso411 wrote:
             | This was custom software on custom hardware. Bit different
             | from some web app with built in debounce.
        
           | mcguire wrote:
           | Any word on consequences for the software engineers involved?
        
       | rich_sasha wrote:
       | If this scandal was about incompetence only, it would be
       | outrageous.
       | 
       | But this was at least a deliberate, criminal cover up at the
       | expense of hundreds of innocent people, maybe worse, implemented
       | with tools intended for fighting serious crime. It seems
       | unbelievable that this could happen in a civilized country.
        
         | 127361 wrote:
         | They had Operation Ore in the early 2000s, thousands of
         | innocent people were arrested and it resulted in 44 suicides.
         | 
         | https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2007/apr/26/comment.s...
         | 
         | https://insidetime.org/newsround/massive-miscarriage-of-just...
        
           | gadders wrote:
           | And the Tom Watson delusion: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-
           | england-hereford-worcester-640...
        
         | grumpyprole wrote:
         | It also remains to be seen whether there will ever be any
         | accountability. So far there has only been the promise to hand
         | back a CBE.
        
           | alexriddle wrote:
           | Which isn't even legally permissible, there is no way to
           | 'give it back' (although you could stop using the title) - it
           | can only be taken from you, which has to be done by the king
           | on recommendation of the prime minister.
        
             | Angostura wrote:
             | I can't think of an instance where giving it back has been
             | refused. It certainly won't in this instance
        
               | denton-scratch wrote:
               | I can't think of an instance when it's been given back.
               | You get a notification that you're being considered for
               | an honour; if you're going to turn it down, you do it at
               | that stage, before it's been conferred.
        
             | denton-scratch wrote:
             | Yeah, that's what I thought. Her promise to return the
             | "honour" looks to me like an attempt to avoid having it
             | seized off her.
             | 
             | These "honours" (knighthoods, peerages etc.) should now be
             | referred to as "disgraces". Liz Truss handed out an honour
             | for roughly each four days of her incumbency as Prime
             | Minister, nearly all to crazies from the extreme right of
             | the Conservative Party. We already have way more peers than
             | can actually be stuffed into the House Of Lords.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | > These "honours" (knighthoods, peerages etc.) should now
               | be referred to as "disgraces".
               | 
               | Boris Johnston's attempts to knight his father and
               | Russian oligarchs donating money to the conservatives for
               | titles are examples of this.
        
               | wrboyce wrote:
               | Not to mention that "Owen" woman who nobody seems to know
               | anything about but is this spitting image of his ex-wife
               | and has that trademark Johnson shade of hair.
        
           | tjpnz wrote:
           | Paula Vennells handing back her CBE doesn't get remotely
           | close to accountability. Many won't feel a sense of closure
           | until she's aggressively prosecuted and languishes in a
           | prison cell for the rest of her years. I'm actually surprised
           | at the restraint shown by ITV in her depiction, because in
           | real life she bears many of the hallmarks of a cartoon
           | villain.
        
             | jbstack wrote:
             | I agree with the sentiment, but it's important to add that
             | this should only happen _if_ it 's proven to the criminal
             | standard of proof, in a court room, that she was complicit.
        
               | pi-e-sigma wrote:
               | Why can't we apply the same standard of proof that was
               | used to prosecute and sentence innocent people in this
               | scandal?
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | Why can't this burden of proof be applied when giving out
               | awards? The various paedophiles and fraudsters might be
               | caught earlier.
               | 
               | Another one today:
               | 
               | https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2024/jan/12/british-
               | cond...
        
               | krisoft wrote:
               | Because two wrongs doesn't make a right.
        
               | 123pie123 wrote:
               | the legal responsibility of a director is different. she
               | is accountable (along with other senior directors) for
               | issues caused by the company
               | 
               | "A director can be found to be personally liable for a
               | company offence if they consented or connived in an
               | illegal activity, or caused it through neglect of their
               | duties."
               | 
               | https://www.girlings.com/latest/when-does-a-director-
               | assume-...
               | 
               | so she either knows about this or is negligent - either
               | way jail time should be given
        
           | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
           | I bet Paula Vennells is lying about that. It sounds like some
           | kind of PR statement to deal with the petition getting over a
           | million votes to strip her of her honour.
        
           | ziddoap wrote:
           | For someone not familiar with the acronym, what is CBE?
           | 
           | A quick search shows me 371 different matching acronyms,
           | ranging from the "Calgary Board of Education", to "current
           | best estimate", to "Central Bank of Egypt".
        
             | pi-e-sigma wrote:
             | Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) This is
             | awarded for having a prominent but lesser role at national
             | level, or a leading role at regional level. You can also
             | get one for a distinguished, innovative contribution to any
             | area. https://www.gov.uk/honours/types-of-honours-and-
             | awards
        
               | ziddoap wrote:
               | Interesting, thanks! I would have thought that'd be
               | shortened to "COBE".
        
               | pi-e-sigma wrote:
               | One should rather ask why the UK still hands out orders
               | that have 'British Empire' in their title :)
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | Wait until you hear about the House of Lords and
               | hereditary titles.
        
               | pi-e-sigma wrote:
               | Unfortunately I know it already. The more you know about
               | the UK legal and political system the less it looks
               | democratic
        
               | hnfong wrote:
               | To be fair they are _slowly_ making their institutions
               | conform to a more democratic outlook.
               | 
               | For example, their Supreme Court finally moved out of the
               | House of Lords in 2009... (so much for "separation of
               | powers" before that, even though they were joined only in
               | name...)
        
               | tialaramex wrote:
               | But contrast the situation of the United State of
               | America, whose "Supreme Court" rather than an independent
               | institution is in fact filled with partisan hacks to such
               | an extent that it appears many on the Right felt that it
               | was _worth_ the obvious downsides of Donald Trump as
               | President to get more Supreme Court justices.
               | 
               | Even the Law Lords (as they were typically called when
               | the exact same body existed as notionally part of the
               | House of Lords prior to becoming the UK's Supreme Court)
               | were _way_ more independent than that. A Government
               | minister can say  "No" to the pick of the committee which
               | independently chooses candidates for this job, but they
               | can't pick for themselves, the committee can just give
               | them the same name again until (inevitably) the minister
               | gets replaced with one who doesn't say "No".
               | 
               | It would _in theory_ be easier for a British government
               | to abolish their Supreme Court than for the US
               | government, but in reality in both cases it would cause a
               | constitutional crisis. The UK is quite capable of
               | _having_ a constitutional crisis, you don 't need to
               | write your constitution down to do that, but it isn't
               | very likely.
        
               | toyg wrote:
               | That "O" would exist in pretty much all British honours,
               | so it's just redundant.
               | 
               | The levels of the order (which is the only one used on a
               | regular basis, post-WW2) are MBE/OBE/CBE/KBE/GBE.
        
             | Two9A wrote:
             | "CBE" refers to Commander of the most excellent order of
             | the British Empire [0] which is a title conferred by the
             | monarch on those deemed to have performed especially well
             | in the service of the nation.
             | 
             | So you can see how its value might be diluted by this
             | instance.
             | 
             | [0]:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire
        
             | scott_w wrote:
             | This is the one you need:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire
             | 
             | The CBE in particular: Commander of the Most Excellent
             | Order of the British Empire (CBE)
             | 
             | Yes, the UK still refers to the British Empire.
        
           | flerchin wrote:
           | Does a CBE confer some benefits?
        
             | tialaramex wrote:
             | Not really. It's shiny. It's like a real life
             | ding/chievo/whatever you call them these days.
             | 
             | It's important enough that you can write it on like headed
             | notepaper without seeming like a complete jerk. If I see
             | somebody sent me a letter from "A Smith CBE" that seems
             | reasonable I guess they have a CBE, how about that - if
             | they write "A Smith BA(Hons)" I know they're a terrible
             | person - who cares that you have a fucking undergraduate
             | degree? Am I supposed to be impressed?
             | 
             | One more notch up makes you a knight. So, if you're
             | collecting and this is early in your career that's a good
             | sign you could get there. For example when I was a research
             | student 20+ years ago, my Head of Department was looking to
             | get herself some Honours, and these days she's Dame Wendy.
             | 
             | But like, it doesn't come with a heap of money or anything
             | as far as I know. You briefly get to meet Charlie I guess,
             | but I met his previous wife once (when I was a kid) and she
             | was just some woman, so I doubt he's any different.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | It does shatter the illusion somewhat.
        
         | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
         | I think the best way forward is for everyone involved in it at
         | Fujitsu and the Post Office gets prosecuted for taking part in
         | a criminal conspiracy to pervert the course of justice.
         | 
         | Certainly Paula Vennells should absolutely be in prison for her
         | oversight and deliberate destruction of people's lives.
        
         | ploxiln wrote:
         | It's always the cover-up that makes it truly terrible. Like
         | Watergate ... or when police misbehave in general ... it's
         | always the desperate cover-up.
        
       | Zenst wrote:
       | I can believe this as going thru something along the same lines
       | with my housing association and met police, and it is shocking
       | how many people who focus upon being seen to do a job and lie to
       | cover up their mistakes have grown over the past few decades in
       | the UK.
       | 
       | I shudder at how many scandals never come to light as the process
       | to clear things up and get the truth out is an uphill battle. Oh
       | and my local MP is Ed Davey, who is deeply linked to this PO
       | scandal, though in fairness, he does seem to be singled out over
       | all the others who did less on their watch.
       | 
       | I somehow wonder if society is on a path of race to the bottom at
       | times and amazed how it works with all the flaws that just seem
       | to grow.
       | 
       | Heck whilst typing this I get an email from police about some
       | bail I never attended and yet again, it's the wrong person and
       | has nothing to do with me beyond causing me more grief and
       | stress. I don't even have a criminal record and due to do jury
       | duty later this year, which is unlikely as being driven to wits
       | end.
        
         | Angostura wrote:
         | If you are going though something similar, don't forget to let
         | Private Eye know.
        
           | Zenst wrote:
           | Think I did poke them a couple of years ago, never heard
           | back. Oh well, way more evidence now and have it somewhat in-
           | hand. Just so slow going thru the process and even then,
           | getting evidence together and data requests and the level of
           | failures just compounding. As so wide and kinda sureal that
           | it is hard to believe. Police and housing covered up and
           | protected an abuse addict (police informer) and ignored so
           | many safty concerns and evidence that people dead due to it
           | and past people who tried to speak out, either dead or
           | gaslighted. Even tried that on me and sadly for them I
           | recorded evidence for years and now case of bring all their
           | failures to light in the open. Let alone all the housing
           | failures that just keep growing. Fact my gas supplier
           | identified fault in gas safty in october that they still not
           | fixed and my concerns that impacted not only my flat but all
           | the other flats (it does as i checked) and entire estate as
           | fault when built and as such making every gas and electrical
           | safty certificate for past 25 years invalid. Seems to fall on
           | deaf ears, even HSE (Health and Safty Executive) seem to be,
           | well they should fix it and toothless. Yet this is just
           | nothing and whole list of failures by them that they already
           | under investigation. Let alone all my findings and damming
           | evidence. The the Met Police.
           | 
           | But hard to really deal with it due to PTSD of it all and
           | decade of abusive neighbours who literally tried to get me
           | killed and not only proof of that ignored but made out the
           | other way around when it is clear as crystal with evidence
           | submitted that is not only untrue but downright blatant lie.
           | Police ignored that and more so, much more in past that it is
           | a history of pure and utter failings and criminal.
           | 
           | Glad I have video and audio recordings proving it and that
           | includes meetings in which police and housing lie and damming
           | as hell. Yet, you would think somebody would care, but dam as
           | I'm not alone in these situations. But look at Post Office
           | scandal - how many people died over that and efforts to get
           | to light. Then the pressure to pursue the truth and effort
           | when others died trying.
           | 
           | It is scary how often things get covered up. There again, I
           | used to work for the BBC and mindful how things can get swept
           | under carpets and ignored like Jimmy.
        
             | InCityDreams wrote:
             | Look up 'Power to the Proletariat' on yt. No lecturing,
             | just great tips for dealing with the uk cops. After a while
             | you see the same, same tricks they use.
        
           | greggsy wrote:
           | Used to read Private Eye in the 90's as a teenager. I thought
           | they were a satire mag - what is their interest in these kind
           | of stories?
        
             | jaymzcampbell wrote:
             | They have always had a strong slant on investigative
             | journalism. The whole back section (and quite a lot of the
             | front tbh too) fall into that. The writing can still be
             | acerbic but the journalism is hard hitting.
             | 
             | They continue to honour one of their very earliest
             | columnists with "The Private Eye Paul Foot Award for
             | Investigative and Campaigning Journalism". It's a big part
             | of the magazine.
             | 
             | https://www.private-eye.co.uk/paul-foot-award
        
             | tialaramex wrote:
             | It may be that you didn't understand what satire is? If
             | everything is fine, satire is redundant. This sort of
             | investigative journalism is closely allied to the work of
             | the satirist.
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | The tv comedy show 'Have I Got News For You' covers much of
             | the same ground. It's a good show if you like (their)
             | politics.
        
             | peterfirefly wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Canard_encha%C3%AEn%C3%A9
             | 
             | Satirical papers aren't always about fun and jokes -- the
             | good ones often break important stories before the serious
             | papers.
             | 
             | They often use code to write things they would otherwise be
             | sued for:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tired_and_emotional
        
             | Angostura wrote:
             | They have been reporting on this story extensively for
             | years.
        
         | Clubber wrote:
         | >I somehow wonder if society is on a path of race to the bottom
         | at times and amazed how it works with all the flaws that just
         | seem to grow.
         | 
         | Bureaucracies don't scale well.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | Time to read some Kafka.
        
           | Zenst wrote:
           | Read it, I'm living one of his greatest unwritten novels that
           | Black Mirror episodes seem more like documentaries than they
           | should.
        
           | m_mueller wrote:
           | or watch 'Brazil'
        
             | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
             | My favourite Christmas movie!
        
               | m_mueller wrote:
               | I can tell you like it warm and cozy...
        
       | mhh__ wrote:
       | I have been reading about this in private eye for maybe a decade,
       | nothing happens, TV show? Instant progress overnight.
        
         | JdeBP wrote:
         | That seems to be one of the points that the BBC article is
         | making, too. _Panorama_ , one of the BBC's highest profile
         | current affairs shows, points this out in 2015, and nothing
         | happens. Post Office Ltd even pats itself on the back that
         | nothing comes of the BBC programme. ITV dramatizes it in 2024,
         | not even handling it as news, and it's immediately Conservative
         | government priority.
        
           | mhh__ wrote:
           | They're probably angling to use it against Keira Starmer
           | because he was DPP
        
             | mhh__ wrote:
             | "Keira Starmer" - good job me
        
           | dtf wrote:
           | Some bright spark at CCHQ realised it could be weaponised
           | against both Ed Davey (Leader of the Liberal Democrats, and
           | former Post Office minister 2010-2012) and Keir Starmer
           | (Leader of the Labour Party, and former Director of Public
           | Prosecutions 2008-2013).
        
           | bufio wrote:
           | It's an election year.
        
       | thesaintlives wrote:
       | No idea if the t.v. show is good but the radio 4 show most
       | certainly is:
       | 
       | https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/brand/m000jf7j
       | 
       | Check that out to see how the U.K. establishment works.
        
         | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
         | The TV series is very good, but it's quite tough going in
         | places.
        
       | edandersen wrote:
       | Last I heard they were trying to rebuild Horizon on "AWS and
       | JavaScript". I wish I was joking.
        
         | tauchunfall wrote:
         | There is a cloud-based system which will be the successor of
         | Horizon legacy (from 1999) and Horizon online (from around
         | 2010).
         | 
         | >Is Horizon still being used? >Yes. There have been several
         | versions of Horizon since its introduction in 1999 and the
         | current version of the system, introduced from 2017, was found
         | in the group litigation to be robust, relative to comparable
         | systems. But we are not complacent about that and are
         | continuing to work, together with our postmasters, to make
         | improvements. We will be moving away from Horizon to a new IT
         | cloud-based system that will be more user-friendly and easier
         | to adapt for new products and services. This is currently being
         | developed with the involvement of our Postmasters.
         | 
         | via: https://corporate.postoffice.co.uk/en/horizon-scandal-
         | pages/...
        
       | raesene9 wrote:
       | I was reading an interesting bit today
       | (https://read.uolpress.co.uk/read/electronic-evidence-and-ele...)
       | about the "presumption of reliability" that can occur in cases
       | involving "mechanical instruments" which is extended to include
       | software.
       | 
       | I think the idea that complex systems are assumed to always be
       | correct is... dicey at the best of times and even more so when
       | it's critical to a criminal case.
        
         | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
         | For some computer functions it makes sense, such as audit logs
         | and other basic operations e.g. timestamps. For complicated
         | accounting software, there should definitely be some kind of
         | proof of correctness such as being self consistent and having
         | sufficient auditing and logging systems.
        
           | graemep wrote:
           | It was actually intended to stop people challenging the
           | reliability of things like speed cameras.
        
             | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
             | Yes, that's an interesting case as cameras are routinely
             | calibrated, but the software is closed source which I think
             | is a mistake. It should be possible to challenge whether a
             | system is operating correctly if you have decent evidence
             | against it e.g. GPS tracking. I do think that modern cars
             | should be fitted with a black box device with the owner
             | having ultimate control over access to it, so they could
             | submit it for evidence to prevent miscarriages of justice.
        
               | graemep wrote:
               | I think "presumed to be operating normally for certain
               | devices is certain oversight and testing requirements are
               | met" is reasonable.
               | 
               | Definitely ought to be open source.
               | 
               | I wonder whether the black boxes insurance companies like
               | to push would provide the evidence required?
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | > I do think that modern cars should be fitted with a
               | black box device with the owner having ultimate control
               | over access to it, so they could submit it for evidence
               | to prevent miscarriages of justice
               | 
               | I'm not sure this is workable: if the owner had control,
               | there'd be a cottage industry of people offering to fake
               | evidence against camera tickets. If the owner doesn't,
               | it'd get requested by police and insurance routinely and
               | since most drivers regularly break local traffic laws
               | that'd have a big negative impact on the owners, which
               | makes me think it's politically infeasible. Insurance
               | companies might try to mandate that but I imagine they
               | are very careful about changes which could shift
               | customers.
        
               | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
               | I think those issues could be overcome by using
               | encryption and checksums for the logs with the decryption
               | key held by a third party that would read and release the
               | data on request by the owner or in criminal cases where
               | the owner was a victim.
               | 
               | The more likely model is that the insurance companies own
               | and provide the black boxes in return for reduced
               | premiums from the owner.
               | 
               | The current situation is that some drivers run their own
               | dashcams and can choose to provide video evidence, but
               | that could be open to abuse if someone very carefully
               | edits the video and no-one spots it.
               | 
               | I agree that the drivers shouldn't be forced to self-
               | incriminate - the police should be using their own
               | evidence which could well be from other drivers
               | submitting their own driving data/video.
        
           | toyg wrote:
           | This is actually one of the few applications of blockchain
           | techs that makes sense - as a write-only store of
           | transactions for auditing purposes, it's potentially very
           | practical.
        
             | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
             | I agree, but wouldn't there be problems with the speed and
             | cost in electricity. Also, would it need to be a single
             | logging blockchain shared by everyone or I would imagine
             | there could be issues with every computer system running
             | its own blockchain - would that make it easier to fake?
        
               | menzoic wrote:
               | >wouldn't there be problems with the speed and cost in
               | electricity
               | 
               | proof of stake blockchains don't have those issues
        
               | parineum wrote:
               | > I agree, but wouldn't there be problems with the speed
               | and cost in electricity
               | 
               | It's either that or it's vulnerable to 50%+1 attacks.
        
         | denton-scratch wrote:
         | > complex systems are assumed to always be correct
         | 
         | ..absent evidence to the contrary. But in the Post Office case,
         | the Post Office had all the evidence, and refused to disclose
         | it. As far as I'm aware, failure to disclose evidence that
         | might help the defence is perverting the course of justice. I
         | don't know why no manager's been charged.
        
           | raesene9 wrote:
           | Yep that's a huge challenge. The other one is that individual
           | defendant's are unlikely to be able to afford the expertise
           | needed to analyze a large complex setup, even if the details
           | of the system (e.g. source code) are made available.
        
           | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
           | It's worse than that - there was evidence that Fujitsu could
           | remotely affect the different branch computers with at least
           | one person seeing it happen before their eyes and the Post
           | Office absolutely denied that it was possible or had ever
           | been possible.
        
         | beardyw wrote:
         | Yes it's an interesting point. At first I was horrified that it
         | is so, but then the alternative is to require proof that a
         | system is reliable, which no one could provide. It would need
         | to be somewhere between, talking about best endeavours or
         | something. It sounds messy however you approach it.
        
           | raesene9 wrote:
           | It is very tricky. In some industries you see things like
           | device certification and regular external testing
           | requirements (e.g. weights and measures) but applying that to
           | the very fast moving world of software would be .... tricky,
           | to put it mildly.
        
       | forinti wrote:
       | One has to wonder how bad the justice system has to be if a trial
       | is unable to surface the truth in this rather trivial case.
       | 
       | And it failed multiple times.
        
         | fmajid wrote:
         | England's legal system is still riddled with the legacy of
         | feudalism. The private prosecution mechanism used by the Post
         | Office was first used in the 17th Century.
         | 
         | Note that Scotland has its own legal system and it is generally
         | saner. Not sure if any sub-postmasters were prosecuted in
         | Scotland.
        
           | M2Ys4U wrote:
           | >Not sure if any sub-postmasters were prosecuted in Scotland.
           | 
           | They were, though through the usual public mechanism by the
           | Procurator Fiscal
        
           | denton-scratch wrote:
           | > Scotland has its own legal system and it is generally saner
           | 
           | Scotland's legal system prosecuted and jailed Craig Murray.
           | It also prosecuted Alex Salmond, who was unanimously
           | acquitted by a jury; but Craig didn't benefit from a jury.
           | The chief prosecutor is a member of the government, and
           | controls police investigations.
           | 
           | In the case of a political prosecution, I wouldn't describe
           | the Scottish system as "saner".
        
             | Marazan wrote:
             | Craig Murray identified complainants who's identity had
             | been protected by court order.
             | 
             | What did you expect to happen?
        
               | denton-scratch wrote:
               | Not really; that's "jigsaw identification", i.e.
               | identification is only possible by combining multiple
               | reports. It was not possible to identify complainants
               | just by reading Craig's blog. Other journalists, whose
               | writings _could_ be used to directly identify
               | complainants, were not prosecuted.
        
               | peterfirefly wrote:
               | Did he supply a crucial missing piece of the puzzle then?
        
               | denton-scratch wrote:
               | The prosecution case was that he provided a piece of the
               | puzzle. I have no reason to believe it was a _crucial_
               | piece.
               | 
               | I was reading his blog while all this was going on.
               | Despite my curiosity, I was unable to get any clues about
               | who the letter-women were. But I'm not Scottish, I'm not
               | involved with the Scottish National Party, and I don't
               | hang around with SNP politicians (or any politicians).
               | 
               | Perhaps someone who mixed in those circles could have
               | found clues; I understand that several Sottish
               | journalists published pieces from which a knowledgeable
               | reader could deduce who was being referred to. But I
               | believe Murray was pretty scrupulous in avoiding
               | violating the judge's order.
               | 
               | I think it's obvious he was persecuted for his trenchant
               | support of Alex Salmond.
        
               | peterfirefly wrote:
               | That reminds me of one of the cases against Tommy
               | Robinson (in 2018). As far as I could tell from abroad,
               | he really didn't disclose anything that hadn't already
               | been disclosed in traditional media.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Robinson_(far-
               | right_acti...
               | 
               | And even if he did -- there is something wrong with a
               | justice system that would let that lead to these guys
               | going free:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huddersfield_grooming_gang
               | 
               | Reading the dates (years!) relevant to the case is enough
               | to make anyone shutter -- first complaint taken seriously
               | (allegedly) was in 2011 and the arrests didn't happen
               | until 2017.
               | 
               | Some cases seem to be more about politics than about the
               | law (let alone justice).
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | Do I have to say it? I probably do. I think Robinson is
               | an idiot. A football hooligan who seems to have
               | oppositional defiant disorder.
               | 
               | He is also right that there is a problem with Muslim
               | crime in the UK -- and their grooming gangs seem to be a
               | huge problem and there has indisputably been a cover up
               | of it.
        
               | stephen_g wrote:
               | My recollection is that there was no crucial piece that
               | was not around the same time also reported in the mass
               | media. Why this was dismissed as apparently not being
               | relevant as a defence was confusing (if I recall
               | correctly, something about media being self-regulating
               | through a professional association and blogs not being
               | so, which doesn't seem to matter when a reporter in the
               | media did the exact same thing with no consequences that
               | Murray was jailed for)
        
               | janice1999 wrote:
               | > Craig Murray identified complainants
               | 
               | He didn't. His reporting included facts that the police
               | and judge claimed _could_ be used to identify people.
               | Many of these facts were also public knowledge anyone
               | following the case likely already knew. These were the
               | same police who brought the failed charges against
               | Salmond. The entire case stinks of corruption and many
               | people including Noam Chomsky have publically backed
               | Murray.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.thenational.scot/news/18486299.global-
               | figures-in...
        
               | Marazan wrote:
               | Look, if at judge warns me that I have published
               | information that may be used to identify an person who's
               | identify is under legal order and I continue and
               | repeatedly publish further information that may be used
               | to identify the person what do you expect to happen?
        
         | micv wrote:
         | The post office was acting as victim, investigator, and
         | prosecutor and simply lied or withheld evidence to ensure that
         | the defence had nothing to work with and the jury had nothing
         | to contradict that view. It's absolutely batshit levels of
         | corruption and there must be severe consequences.
        
         | tempaway34564 wrote:
         | Partly its to do with the people in the courtroom not knowing
         | enough about IT, so that when the Post Office claimed their
         | massive late 90s XML based hub-and-spoke database with 13,000
         | spokes was 'robust' it was taken as a given. Whereas anyone in
         | IT could look at the architecture and think "well, there's
         | bound to be all kinds of bugs in there".
         | 
         | I mean, they had expert witnesses and stuff. But I've been
         | reading about this in Private Eye for years, and as an IT
         | person you read it and think 'yes those people are totally
         | being fucked over because the organisation is hiding the bugs
         | that obviously lurk in their enterprisey system' whereas for
         | non-technical people it was less obvious.
        
           | forinti wrote:
           | Surely they could have checked the accounting and then
           | verified what products and services were sold and what the
           | total owed should have been.
           | 
           | If there were duplicated entries, they would have stuck out
           | like a sore thumb.
           | 
           | So even before the system came into question, basic
           | accounting should have been used.
        
             | duncans wrote:
             | Yes, you'd think so, but the Post Office "auditors" didn't
             | do that and just blindly believed what the computer said
             | the balance should be.
        
       | HenryBemis wrote:
       | ..and THIS is why you need a strong, independent Internal Audit
       | dept, with serious, educated, trained IT Auditors.
       | 
       | News like that make me very angry.
       | 
       | From the little I find to read, looks like it would take a
       | 'basic' IT Auditor could in a few days figure out (and fail)
       | basic ITGCs.
       | 
       | And it amazes me when I hear the term "DevOps" ( _cringe_ ). But
       | hey, I get it.. we need to make money, A LOT of money, and we
       | need to make it FAST because of reasons (competition, greed, lack
       | of talent, timing, etc.). Who has time and money to spend on
       | Dev/Staging/Prod? Only stupid highly regulated environments need
       | to be stupid enough to do this..
       | 
       | Going back to the story, THIS happens, people go to prison,
       | people die. I have (in my IT Audit years) discovered/uncovered SO
       | MANY tragic things.
       | 
       | And what scares me.. when I see YC 'offsprings' hiring and 99.9%
       | of jobs are "stuff-building/money-making". Zero audit roles. And
       | I am not angry because "damn - please hire me".. it's that how
       | many of these places have an experience, IT savvy auditor? Not
       | someone's cousin that is an accountant.. (no disrespect - it will
       | take a CPA 10+ years to not be tricked).
       | 
       | And with that, I leave you with a friendly note on IT Auditors
       | find and hire one with strong IT knowledge/background. They are
       | worth their weight in Latinum!!
        
         | robbbbbbbbbbbb wrote:
         | To be fair, neither of the two organisations responsible for
         | Horizon over the period in question - Fujitsu Services,
         | formerly ICL Pathway - in any way resemble your pastiche of "YC
         | Offspring" startups.
         | 
         | Indeed, they were the exact opposite: huge multinationals with
         | presumably gigantic legal, infosec and HR policy departments
         | who could probably jump through the various compliance hurdles
         | required by this procurement process in their sleep.
         | 
         | By comparison the startups you're complaining about usually
         | take years to reach sufficient maturity to take part in large
         | public sector procurement processes like this.
         | 
         | Clearly in this case maturity and scale were not a bulwark
         | against incompetence, opacity and mendacity. Indeed the
         | opposite - as I type this the Post Office's lawyers Herbert
         | Smith Freehills are making mealy mouthed justifications for
         | witholding reams of technical evidence from the public enquiry
         | for months. It's disgusting, and as someone running a small
         | business and endlessly having to justify our commitment to
         | information security, data privacy and transparency I find the
         | hypocrisy infuriating.
        
       | bloomingeek wrote:
       | <Senior Post Office managers briefed the BBC that neither their
       | staff nor Fujitsu - the company which built and maintained the
       | Horizon system - could remotely access sub-postmasters' accounts,
       | even though Post Office directors had been warned four years
       | earlier that such remote access was possible.>
       | 
       | Jeez, as I'm betting almost all readers of HN know, if it's
       | connected to the internet, it's not always secure. I'd suggest
       | this is a blatant lie, the truth of which could have easily been
       | verified by asking their in-house tech. After being told by
       | Fujitsu about remote access possibilities, they didn't want
       | believe them?
        
         | duncans wrote:
         | The system was originally connected via private ISDN lines so
         | that wouldn't have been a factor for the first cases.
        
       | cmsefton wrote:
       | I highly recommend reading Private Eye's special report, Justice
       | Lost In The Post https://www.private-
       | eye.co.uk/pictures/special_reports/justi... [PDF]
       | 
       | Private Eye were one of the few people reporting on this
       | regularly. I've been reading about it in there for close on ten
       | years, and am still astonished that it's taken this long to
       | really hit home what happened to these individuals. Bravo to the
       | makers of the recent show that's brought it back into the
       | spotlight. It's truly shocking what the Post Office and Fujitsu
       | did, and one can only hope prosecutions arise from this.
       | 
       | For anyone working in IT, there are lessons to be learned here
       | about what impact software can have on individuals' lives, and
       | bravo to any whistleblower that came forward to speak out.
        
         | heresie-dabord wrote:
         | > there are lessons to be learned here about what impact => a
         | mgmt crowd with zero skills and integrity <= can have on
         | individuals' lives
         | 
         | A friendly yet rueful amendment.
        
         | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
         | It's more shocking than that. It's just one example of a
         | culture of corruption that pervades government and government-
         | adjacent contracting in the UK.
         | 
         | Fujitsu acted like thugs not just to save face, but because
         | important shareholders would lose money if the truth came out.
         | 
         | Also, this kind of thing:
         | 
         | https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/fujitsu-post-office-scandal...
         | 
         | The PM's father in law is the head of Infosys. The PM's wife
         | still has significant holdings in Infosys. Infosys and Fujitsu
         | have a close partnership.
         | 
         | And so on. It's corrupt from top to bottom. The UK government
         | is effectively the marketing wing of the huge public sector
         | corporates, who invariably seem to have senior Tories and Tory
         | donors on their boards.
        
           | lostlogin wrote:
           | > It's corrupt from top to bottom.
           | 
           | I'm sure that you already know about it, but the bit that
           | gets me is the Russian oligarchs and their money, honours,
           | property and influence.
           | 
           | Assignations, poisoning etc and still the situation is
           | tolerated.
        
             | scott_w wrote:
             | This is specific to the Conservative Party as being the
             | ones essentially bribed by the Russian state.
        
               | gadders wrote:
               | As opposed to spying for the Russian state, like Labour
               | MPs.
        
           | sparks1970 wrote:
           | While I don't disagree with the overall premise, Rishi Sunak
           | has only been an MP since 2015 and this scandal has been
           | going since 1999 so I am not sure the relationships you
           | present:
           | 
           | Rishi Sunak -> Wife (Met 2004, Married 2009) -> Father ->
           | InfoSys -> Fujitsu
           | 
           | Add up to any proof or even suggestion of corruption - just
           | rich people know other rich people.
        
             | gadders wrote:
             | Yeah, he was born in 1980. This scandal started when he was
             | 19 and at Uni.
        
             | albert_e wrote:
             | Yeah I dont know how Infosys-Fujitsu having a "close
             | partnership" directly implies anything or implicates
             | anyone.
             | 
             | Every big business has dozens if not hundreds of
             | "partnerships".
             | 
             | I dont think someone at Fujitsu managing a big account like
             | the UK post office would go out of their way to screw
             | something up or cover something up because a partner
             | company's co-founder happens to be F-I-L of the UK PM? Like
             | what's the incentive here?
        
               | oh_sigh wrote:
               | It's also ignoring the fact that if Fujitsu was rolled up
               | tomorrow, Infosys would probably be better off for it,
               | gaining a bunch of contracts that Fujitsu previously had.
        
         | _fat_santa wrote:
         | I also wonder what responsibility the courts hold, seeing as
         | folks were prosecuted and jailed on just IT evidence.
         | 
         | I mean how in the world can you accuse and convict someone of
         | theft when there is zero evidence outside of the IT system. And
         | how in the world was the IT system never scrutinized?
         | 
         | I personally think the prosecutions were a sign of the times
         | when people were still far too trusting of computer systems. I
         | feel like these days, everyone would realize that there would
         | be at least reasonable doubt as to the accuracy of the system,
         | yet when these prosecutions were mostly taking place it feels
         | like everyone just assumed the system was perfect.
        
           | dazc wrote:
           | Add that also the Post Office was a trusted institution, the
           | CEO at the time being also a prominent person in the Church.
        
         | mherdeg wrote:
         | Yeah. It's baffling to me that Private Eye covered this in
         | explicit, specific detail a decade ago and there were
         | essentially no consequences for many years after.
         | 
         | (I have the same feelings as mhh__ in
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38967529. Just a
         | remarkable and extremely slow miscarriage of justice.)
        
         | supertron wrote:
         | > I highly recommend reading Private Eye's special report
         | 
         | Agreed. For those more audio inclined, I linked to these in
         | another comment but I originally discovered their reporting on
         | this via their "Page 94" podcast:
         | 
         | https://www.private-eye.co.uk/podcast/49
         | 
         | https://www.private-eye.co.uk/podcast/95
        
       | idontwantthis wrote:
       | So who did alter the records? Were employees at Fujitsu stealing
       | or just fucking around?
        
         | denton-scratch wrote:
         | As far as I can tell, employees at Fujitsu couldn't get the
         | money; they used the remote access feature to correct the
         | errors that resulted from the bugs. According to the show, this
         | was often done sloppily, so that a PS3,000 discrepancy would
         | turn into a PS6,000 discrepancy, instead of being reduced to
         | zero.
         | 
         | These changes via remote access were _not logged_.
         | 
         | There was also a point in the drama where the Fujitsu support
         | staff talked a subpostmaster through fixing the errors herself;
         | that is, accounts could be tampered with without using remote
         | access.
         | 
         | I suppose all this unaudited frigging with balances was enabled
         | to cover up the fact that Horizon had serious bugs.
         | 
         | What I'm waiting to find out is why the Post Office managers
         | were so desperate to protect the reputation of Horizon, that
         | they were willing to risk being charged with perverting the
         | course of justice.
        
           | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
           | > What I'm waiting to find out is why the Post Office
           | managers were so desperate to protect the reputation of
           | Horizon, that they were willing to risk being charged with
           | perverting the course of justice.
           | 
           | They received bonuses for each successful prosecution and it
           | would be career suicide for any of them to blow the whistle.
        
             | denton-scratch wrote:
             | I get that the investigators, lawyers and lower-level
             | managers were being encouraged with bonuses to cover-up the
             | Horizon shortcomings, and use settlement offers to browbeat
             | subpostmasters into exhonerating Horizon.
             | 
             | What I haven't learned yet, is why senior management wanted
             | so much to exhonerate Horizon, that they would hand out
             | bonuses to investigators, and to inquiry witnesses who gave
             | "the right" testimony. The Post Office doesn't have a lot
             | of money; it only broke profit in about 2014.
             | 
             | It can't be that the senior management were responsible for
             | commissioning it, and screwed up; most of the people who
             | did the comissioning will have retired. Similarly, the
             | system was comissioned under a Labour government, and
             | nobody from that era is still around. So I suspect it's the
             | civil service, whose policies and cultures can outlive any
             | human.
        
           | greggsy wrote:
           | They were bullied and given leniency if they didn't speak ill
           | of the shortcomings
        
       | benrutter wrote:
       | This whole horizon system story is fascinating for so many
       | reasons. One thing I don't understand though is exactly what the
       | bug was?
       | 
       | For context, it led to (sometimes huge) discrepancies in what it
       | thought should be in the till based on sales data from the day.
       | 
       | I don't build systems anything like Horizon, so this is probably
       | a massive over simplification, but surely tracking stock and cash
       | in tills should be really simple? Does anyone know if there are
       | public details on what exactly the technical bug was?
        
         | andy_ppp wrote:
         | Haha, obviously you haven't worked in any large enterprises
         | before that aren't software companies. Basically the business
         | rolls dice and comes up with some random requirements and then
         | tries to change those requirements constantly until you end up
         | with software that looks so hideous nobody understands anything
         | about it and all the chopping and changing leaves the code in a
         | complete mess with lots of bugs. The problem is the people
         | making these requests do not understand the costs, if they were
         | building a house they wouldn't dig up the foundations on a
         | whim, but because software is so ephemeral it seems (to them at
         | least) cost free.
        
         | InsomniacL wrote:
         | https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/bates-v-...
         | 
         | I have only skimmed this so far but it seems there were many
         | bugs.
         | 
         | Also this stood out to me.
         | 
         | > 4. Fujitsu inserted transactions. These are injected into
         | branch accounts by Fujitsu. They may be performed in order to
         | 'balance' a discrepancy. These do NOT require acceptance by
         | SPMs in the same manner as TCs and TAs.
        
           | tauchunfall wrote:
           | >Fujitsu inserted transactions
           | 
           | They inserted transactions for corrections of discrepancies
           | where you could not see they were authored by them; it was
           | just assumed the postmaster did.
           | 
           | They did not let postmasters know about this; probably an
           | order by the post office.
           | 
           | These corrections where incorrect, and caused discrepancies
           | to increase; they mixed plus and minus sign quite often.
           | 
           | They added lines of code to the system running on the counter
           | in the local post office.
           | 
           | They used the message store system like wild west without
           | defining a data schema.
        
             | blitzar wrote:
             | > They inserted transactions for corrections of
             | discrepancies where you could not see they were authored by
             | them; it was just assumed the postmaster did.
             | 
             | Then prosecuted the postmasters for inserting transactions,
             | because "only the postmaster can insert transactions".
        
         | cmsefton wrote:
         | There wasn't just one bug, there were many. One of them was due
         | to a "missing payments node", but there were many software
         | faults, including rounding errors, data corruption, and issues
         | with synchronization between local and central databases.
         | 
         | Two bugs are detailed here: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-
         | news/2024/jan/09/how-the-post...
         | 
         | > One, named the "Dalmellington Bug", after the village in
         | Scotland where a post office operator first fell prey to it,
         | would see the screen freeze as the user was attempting to
         | confirm receipt of cash. Each time the user pressed "enter" on
         | the frozen screen, it would silently update the record. In
         | Dalmellington, that bug created a PS24,000 discrepancy, which
         | the Post Office tried to hold the post office operator
         | responsible for.
         | 
         | > Another bug, called the Callendar Square bug - again named
         | after the first branch found to have been affected by it -
         | created duplicate transactions due to an error in the database
         | underpinning the system: despite being clear duplicates, the
         | post office operator was again held responsible for the errors.
         | 
         | There weren't just bugs, either Fujitsu had the ability of
         | modifying or adding transactional records remotely, but always
         | denied they had the ability to do so, as did the Post Office.
        
         | tgv wrote:
         | There's a computerphile video on youtube where a prof goes
         | through A, C, I and D and gives an example where each of these
         | went wrong. Professionally speaking, it's shocking.
        
           | codeulike wrote:
           | Hey you're right, from two years ago, good catch
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hBJm9ZYqL10
        
         | tauchunfall wrote:
         | >One thing I don't understand though is exactly what the bug
         | was?
         | 
         | It was not only the bugs but also the UX and the overall
         | process that made things worse.
         | 
         | The system did things that the postmaster was either unaware
         | of, or did not intend to do. When there was a customer session
         | and a session time-out occurred it was changed into an actual
         | transaction without the postmaster intending it; like you have
         | a shopping cart on an e-commerce site and it transforms the
         | shopping cart automatically into a sale after timeout.
         | 
         | There were screen freezes and when the postmaster pressed enter
         | while the screen freeze happend, it multiplied the amount of
         | money, without the screen being updated.
         | 
         | Postmasters are responsible for discrepancies, and when they
         | called the telephone support they were occasionally told "not
         | to worry, it will sort itself out". There were corrections from
         | the outside and postmasters sometimes waited for weeks and even
         | months for these corrections to happen to resolve the
         | discrepancies. Sometimes they never happened.
        
         | codeulike wrote:
         | It was a bunch of different bugs
         | 
         | We're trying to figure out the architecture over on this other
         | thread - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38954516
         | 
         | But basically it was based on a sortof replicated XML database
         | that sent text files back and forth, so the basics of
         | synchronisation and consensus were just not covered properly.
         | e.g. if someone kept pressing a key when the screen was frozen,
         | duplicate transactions got created. Or if they turned their
         | machine off earlier than 5pm, end-of-day processes did not get
         | run properly. Or if their node was trying to synchronise with
         | the central node a bit later than normal and the central node
         | was doing a 'reindexing' operation, their messages got lost.
         | Lots of edge case synronisation bugs basically.
         | 
         | edit: also here's a good computerphile video about the bugs
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hBJm9ZYqL10
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | > surely tracking stock and cash in tills should be really
         | simple?
         | 
         | You'd think so, except they wanted a custom system built at
         | incredible expense.
        
       | InsomniacL wrote:
       | What shocks me the most is the amount people who pleaded guilty
       | (who claim they are innocent) to receive a lesser sentence.
       | 
       | I'd equate that to torture.
        
         | Semaphor wrote:
         | Isn't that the general issue with plea deals? Unless you are
         | wealthy, pleading out is often the better choice.
        
         | davedx wrote:
         | The entire US criminal justice system revolves around plea
         | bargains
        
           | pi-e-sigma wrote:
           | For anyone who thinks the parent is exaggerating: 97% of all
           | convictions in the US is due to the plea bargains.
        
         | SkyBelow wrote:
         | This is why plea deals should be considered a violation of any
         | notion of rights to a jury trial, fair trial, or similar. It is
         | like the right to vote, where voting for the wrong party might
         | end up with you going to prison.
        
       | sheepscreek wrote:
       | I am absolutely flabbergasted. At least for American public
       | companies, SOX compliance requirements make it impossible for
       | something like this to ever happen without an explicit
       | authorization in place. The rule is simple: every destructive
       | action (think mutable) needs to have one requester and one
       | approver.
       | 
       | As long as it is logged in some system, you're golden. This is
       | somewhat enforced through regular publicly disclosed audits. I
       | suppose that's what Ernst and Young did when they noted in an
       | audit that Fujitsu has unrestricted access to modify accounts
       | without the postmasters knowledge, and this poses risk.
       | 
       | What strikes me as bizarre is that no regulatory body took any
       | action on that report. Maybe the report was private, I'm not sure
       | - I don't know how things work in the UK. In any case, this
       | really takes your trust away from public institutions. You're
       | left to wonder, if this was possible, what else might still be
       | possible?
        
         | mcguire wrote:
         | I've worked on HR software for a large organization in the US
         | that relatively frequently gets sued on hiring decisions.
         | 
         | One of the features that the customer desired was essentially
         | an overriding, free-form, editor for the recorded information,
         | as part of the "get all of the information for a case to be
         | submitted to the court" bit.
         | 
         | We didn't do it, because the entire development team thought it
         | was ridiculous, and the person requesting it retired before
         | issue boiled over.
        
       | miohtama wrote:
       | Here is the Wikipedia page on the topic. The issues started
       | already in 90s and dragged without a proper fix, people
       | committing suicides as the result
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Post_Office_scandal#....
        
       | mgkimsal wrote:
       | Watched the Mr Bates 4 part series, and a few things didn't make
       | much sense to me.
       | 
       | The balancing. Perhaps because more was cash, but I would have
       | expected some logging to have shown "at 4pm, the account had cash
       | on hand of X pounds. at 4:08pm, the account had 2300 pounds
       | less". Would that not have been useful? But watching (yes, it was
       | a dramatization, but it didn't seem like much), it seems like PO
       | did not want to admit _any_ fault, ever, at all, and just kept
       | sticking to that far beyond the time when they could have just
       | cut their loss, held up their hands, and said  "hey - problem
       | identified, we'll fix it".
       | 
       | If I _sold_ 5000 pounds of stuff, and should have received 5000
       | pounds, and... I _have_ 5000 pounds on hand, but the computer
       | says I have a shortfall 1000 pounds... _how_ is that defensible?
       | 
       | Where did the money 'go'? If I had 4000 pounds on hand, but the
       | computer then said I should have 6000, and I'm short 2000
       | pounds... why wasn't that discpreancy noted?
       | 
       | Also.. what was the motivation behind all the changes? The
       | whistleblower seemed to indicate this was remote people at
       | horizon "fixing" things by hand. Were these all just 'accidents'
       | no one owned up to? The drama seemed to indicate there was some
       | intentional retaliation against some people, but it couldn't have
       | been intentional in all cases. But also... it doesn't sound like
       | anyone at Horizon _stole_ that money, they were just changing
       | figures in a system.
        
         | Marazan wrote:
         | One of the bugs in the system was that one of the data entry
         | screens which postmasters recorded their takings would
         | routinely freeze. If you hit "Return" again whilst the screen
         | was frozen it would silently submit the figures again. So if
         | you had PS4000 of takings and submitted, got the frozen screen
         | bug and hit return again then the Post Office thought you had
         | PS8000 of takings.
         | 
         | These were _incredibly obvious_ duplicate entry errors when the
         | Post Office investigated but they blindly took the system as
         | perfect and automatically assumed criminality on the part of
         | the postmaster.
         | 
         | NOTHING about this makes any sense if you assume people on the
         | Post Office/Fujitsu side were acting in good faith.
        
           | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
           | > These were _incredibly obvious_ duplicate entry errors when
           | the Post Office investigated but they blindly took the system
           | as perfect and automatically assumed criminality on the part
           | of the postmaster
           | 
           | They did not blindly take the system as perfect, but instead
           | they were well aware of the errors and instead decided to
           | bully the sub postmasters and gain bonuses for successful
           | prosecution. They knew exactly what they were doing and took
           | pains to hide any evidence of the shortcomings of Horizon.
        
             | mgkimsal wrote:
             | Outside of ego/reputation, I can't see what the coverup
             | provided. Maybe that's all it was. Crazy.
        
         | contravariant wrote:
         | You're about 1 or 2 steps away from reinventing double entry
         | bookkeeping. Buy yeah in a proper accounting system you'd have
         | those entries which would be easy to check, and nobody would be
         | able to remove or edit them and the system would keep track of
         | who was responsible for which entry.
         | 
         | This system works well enough that it can be done with pen and
         | paper. Perhaps consolidating some stuff from time to time (but
         | keeping the calculations for X years).
         | 
         | As far as I can tell Horizon wasn't playing by the rules,
         | either because of bugs or because of badly designed secret
         | admin access (maybe to fix those bugs, but you can guess how
         | well that goes).
        
       | dccoolgai wrote:
       | I was wondering when this was going to breach the Zeitgeist. I've
       | been reading about it for a while now. I'd really love to watch
       | the recent show about it (that apparently triggered the awareness
       | of it in the U.K.) but I can't find a way to watch it on any of
       | my streaming services in the U.S. Does anyone know how to see it
       | in the States?
        
         | dazc wrote:
         | It was an ITV series which isn't a streaming service, as such.
         | You may be able to access the Radio series though which is well
         | worth a listen. https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000jf7j
        
           | JdeBP wrote:
           | ITVX is, purportedly, though.
           | 
           | I have some relatives who tried out ITVX for the first time
           | especially to watch the drama, which they didn't catch as it
           | was broadcast. They reported that ITVX was almost unusable,
           | and also that the app crashed their telly and caused it to
           | lose the ability to output sound until they rebooted the
           | telly and let it go through an update cycle. "BBC iPlayer is
           | much better." came the grumble down the telephone. (-:
           | 
           | I told them that it was ITV, which has 4 channels and is
           | almost bound to repeat it.
        
         | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
         | I'd recommend pirating it and it's easy enough to find through
         | the usual trackers.
        
           | tauchunfall wrote:
           | For those who don't want to pirate it, there is a summary
           | which tells the story using scenes from the TV series.
           | 
           | >Post Office Scandal Explained
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LdQQib3rmkE
        
       | yard2010 wrote:
       | After the latest bullshit from the BBC I can't trust anything
       | they say, I need to check their sources on everything and
       | honestly it's so tiring I just ignore their stuff. There are
       | better sources for news. Like, credible sources
        
         | erinaceousjones wrote:
         | This is an article that heavily mentions the BBC, the
         | broadcaster of Panorama, being threatened by the Post Office.
         | Other than the Panorama production company, whom chose to be
         | interviewed by the BBC, in this instance where else would you
         | go for a direct source?
         | 
         | If I were to hazard a guess, you haven't chosen to read the
         | article, and have no motivation to actually substantiate your
         | distrust for them past a vague "it's bullshit".
        
       | cube00 wrote:
       | Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry Livestream
       | https://www.youtube.com/@postofficehorizonitinquiry947
       | 
       | Inquiry website https://www.postofficehorizoninquiry.org.uk
        
       | capr wrote:
       | but has any of this made any of you intelligent middle class
       | people with best access to self-education ever doubt our social
       | organization based on a monopoly on the use of violence in a
       | geographical area?
        
       | krisoft wrote:
       | I have a tangential question to this whole debacle: I'm a
       | developer who worked on a lot of safety critical stuff. I think I
       | know a lot about that. But never worked with "money stuff". What
       | are the best practices in this regard?
       | 
       | I understand this whole thing is not just a software development
       | failure. But it also feels as if the Fujitsu developers had done
       | a better job we wouldn't be having the whole debacle.
       | 
       | So what are the best practices with a system like this? Are there
       | good and practical books for example on the topic?
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | A good start might be the French "NF525" law, which lays down
         | legal standards for how cash registers should work.
         | https://www2.ikosoft.com/en-gb/all-knowledge-about-the-nf525...
         | / https://www2.ikosoft.com/en-gb/cash-security-software-how-
         | to...
         | 
         | "Any software with nf certification must not allow any
         | concealment of data essential for VAT assessment. It must be
         | equipped with a system for identification and tracing of all
         | processes and information relating to collections.
         | 
         | Concerning the registration, the security is done by electronic
         | signature. All information recorded in the cash register system
         | cannot be modified or deleted. Errors and returns are
         | automatically considered as new transactions.
         | 
         | As regards the retention of data, the minimum period imposed by
         | the standard is six years. Furthermore, during a tax audit, an
         | archiving system must facilitate the interventions of the tax
         | authorities, by quickly restoring the data necessary for the
         | calculation of VAT.
         | 
         | Note that archiving is systematic before any purging procedure.
         | This rule ensures that the data is available at each
         | intervention of the administration's agents."
         | 
         | It's perhaps a bit more like signed git commits than
         | blockchain; the requirement is that every transaction be signed
         | and immutable. If "corrections" are required, the correction
         | has to be appended to the log leaving the original in place. I
         | believe there's also a requirement to feed all this receipt
         | data to the tax authorities.
        
       | codeulike wrote:
       | Here's a system audit manual from Jan 2000, part of the inquiry
       | evidence. Lets figure out how this thing worked.
       | 
       | https://www.postofficehorizoninquiry.org.uk/evidence/pol0002...
        
         | duncans wrote:
         | See also the Fujitsu whistleblower, Richard Rolls' witness
         | statement
         | https://www.postofficehorizoninquiry.org.uk/evidence/witn007...
        
       | arkh wrote:
       | The thing is: the higher ups thinking that postmasters where
       | routinely stealing and the fact Fujitsu altering records without
       | logging was standard shows a culture where you can bet those
       | higher ups are used to steal and think everyone does it.
        
       | menzoic wrote:
       | This couldn't happen if the transactions were on a blockchain
        
         | greggsy wrote:
         | Or better accounting, testing, logging and administration
         | standards, which would be necessary with or without blockchain.
        
       | lagerlagerlager wrote:
       | ICL originally had contract AFAIK. It seems to me that the
       | disappeared funds could have gone to people with access to the
       | system and not just a result of accidental coding. International
       | Computers Limited existed as a commercial entity and brand from
       | 1968 to 2002, it was finally and completely absorbed into
       | Fujitsu.
        
         | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
         | > It seems to me that the disappeared funds could have gone to
         | people with access to the system
         | 
         | How could that happen outside of the Post Office? ICL/Fujitsu
         | had remote access to all the remote boxes and could add/amend
         | records without any audit trail and without knowledge of the
         | sub postmasters, but I can't see how they could get money to go
         | into their own pockets unless they entered into a deal with the
         | sub postmaster operating the branch. Hypothetically, they could
         | delete some transactions and then the sub postmaster would have
         | more money in their till than accounted for and could split the
         | proceeds. (I don't think this ever happened).
        
         | joe463369 wrote:
         | The disappeared funds were briefly covered in the programme.
         | Standard accountancy practice when you've got mystery funds is
         | to record them in a 'suspense account' and if it comes to light
         | where the dough came from, you update your records. If no one
         | comes forward after x years you just have to treat it as free
         | money from who-knows-where.
        
       | iandanforth wrote:
       | Is the Post Office a private company? Why are they using phrases
       | like 'protect our brand?'
        
       | zh3 wrote:
       | What is clear about this is that the system couldn't even balance
       | the books (which has been obvious for years, to anyone in the UK
       | following the story).
       | 
       | If the computer says "You took PSx thousand and only banked PSY
       | thousand", the first thing to do is audit the receipts and
       | (unless there were fraudulent entries being made, while noting
       | this was allegedly not possible) as the first rule of forensic
       | accounting is 'follow the money'.
       | 
       | What's so bad here is that the executives of a well respected UK
       | institution acted purely from a profit/reputational motive, and
       | dug themselves deeper and deeper into the hole as a result.
       | 
       | More scarey part of this is that it's Minority Report - "Computer
       | says you're guilty, end of story". Positive take would be the
       | courts are less likely to believe the 'computers are infallible'
       | line in the future.
        
       | spondyl wrote:
       | Some important context that might be useful for fellow confused
       | readers:
       | 
       | A new four-part dramatisation about the Horizon scandal aired
       | from January 1st - 4th in the UK.
       | 
       | As a result, the scandal became a popular topic for discussion
       | publically and in the media, as well as introducing the issue to
       | a whole bunch of people who were unaware
       | 
       | I was a bit confused myself as to why this was getting coverage
       | out of the blue until I learned about the ITV series yesterday
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr_Bates_vs_The_Post_Office
        
       | chris_wot wrote:
       | Why would anyone allow Fujitsu to gain new contracts?
        
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