[HN Gopher] Researchers create first functional semiconductor ma...
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       Researchers create first functional semiconductor made from
       graphene
        
       Author : wglb
       Score  : 98 points
       Date   : 2024-01-08 14:21 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (techxplore.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (techxplore.com)
        
       | mdaniel wrote:
       | original source discussion:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38878780
        
       | ptek wrote:
       | With 5nm silicon process, I wonder where this is going to start
       | with retooling and building new machines? I'm guessing they will
       | start with 8bit RISC cpus with maybe the first 128 bytes as a
       | data cache which could also be used as extra registers?
       | 
       | It will be great having a lot of expired patents and 50+ years of
       | silicon work to build on, Machine Learning tools and free
       | operating systems (NetBSD, Linux)
       | 
       | I hope they do it all again, I want to relive the C64, Amiga and
       | 680x0 era again.
        
         | thijson wrote:
         | This will start with small devices used in power electronics
         | likely. There are faster materials than silicon, but they still
         | aren't used for highly integrated digital logic due to cost.
        
         | logicchains wrote:
         | If starting from scratch with new tooling, I wonder if they'll
         | consider ternary, which is theoretically more efficient than
         | binary (as it's closer to the optimal encoding: e-ary).
        
           | BoiledCabbage wrote:
           | I believe it, but do you have any links to somewhere
           | discussing why e-ary is the optimal encoding?
        
             | f_devd wrote:
             | It's likely a reference to the radix economy [0], however
             | it's actually very minor for the cases where it works. And
             | in "the best way to count"[1] there compelling arguments as
             | to why the formulation used on Wikipedia is not necessarily
             | correct for arbitrary precision numbers as well as being
             | bad for human notation compared to binary.
             | 
             | [0]: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radix_economy[1]:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDDaEVcwIJM
        
           | ahf8Aithaex7Nai wrote:
           | It's even closer to pi-ary
        
           | NegativeK wrote:
           | I can't believe that they'd do that, since it'd mean
           | rewriting huge swaths of existing software.
        
       | bilsbie wrote:
       | How this made? Still with lithography?
        
       | crakenzak wrote:
       | Someone please make me excited about this, what can we
       | potentially see from this? How soon until potential
       | commercialization?
       | 
       | Is this a technology that will carry us over a currently
       | uncrossable river?
        
         | aabhay wrote:
         | Graphene has been a long standing aspiration in semiconductor
         | materials science:
         | 
         | - better current load capability - better heat dissipation
         | characteristics
        
           | sim7c00 wrote:
           | sorry for my being 8 year old, but, does this better current
           | capacity mean it can go faster? and the less heat problems
           | mean it can do so without being cooled riduculously? (i.e.
           | faster consumer products??)
        
             | droopyEyelids wrote:
             | Computing with graphene is still sci-fi territory, making a
             | semiconductor only allows you to make transistors, not to
             | necessarily make billions of transistors at nano-scales.
             | 
             | On the larger physical scale, transistors are used for
             | stuff like mosfets and switching power supplies.
             | 
             | You might have noticed the new generation of Gallium
             | Nitride (another semiconductor) USB chargers. They improve
             | over silicon in every important dimension, I think, with a
             | higher breakdown voltage, lower on resistance, higher
             | electron mobility (which is what limits the speed it can
             | cycle).
             | 
             | The gallium nitride chargers (when well engineered) waste
             | less power, meaning they don't get as hot, and can be built
             | much smaller for a given output.
             | 
             | I am not an engineer or a materials scientist, but I think
             | graphene is better in thermal conductivity and electron
             | mobility than GaN, but a semiconductor would probably have
             | a smaller bandgap, because graphene naturally doesn't have
             | much of one at all, meaning it'd have a smaller operating
             | range in temperature and voltage.
        
         | throwaway4aday wrote:
         | Probably the most exciting thing about this is that it shows
         | the hard work of labs to discover the tacit knowledge necessary
         | to produce single layer graphene is bearing fruit. Developing
         | the real world industrial processes for putting theory into
         | practice is always the hardest part of creating new technology
         | especially when doing so on atomic scales. It seems slow and
         | underwhelming compared to whizbang announcements about wonder
         | materials but this is the type of gradual progress that the
         | future is based on.
        
         | drekipus wrote:
         | > Someone please make me excited about this
         | 
         | Why?
        
       | rustcleaner wrote:
       | Incept running GrapheneOS on graphene dies.
        
       | vanderZwan wrote:
       | > _" To me, this is like a Wright brothers moment," de Heer said.
       | "They built a plane that could fly 300 feet through the air. But
       | the skeptics asked why the world would need flight when it
       | already had fast trains and boats. But they persisted, and it was
       | the beginning of a technology that can take people across
       | oceans."_
       | 
       | Tangent: I always find comparisons to the Wright brothers kind of
       | awkward, because everyone seems to overlook their subsequent
       | patent war and how much damage that did to the aviation industry
       | in general (tangent: similarly Edison really _really_ stifled
       | early innovation in lightbulb technology with patent trolling.
       | Philips became as big as it is because there was a decade in the
       | 19th century where the Netherlands didn 't recognize patent laws,
       | so was free to steal and combine every innovation out there. They
       | also employed highly motivated former rivals of Edison whom the
       | latter had put out of business)
       | 
       | Anyway, with that side-track out of the way: I don't want to
       | sound to negative, I do hope this is the breakthrough it's hyped
       | up to be!
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_brothers_patent_war
        
       | Xeamek wrote:
       | For a second I thought that this conductor somehow supports
       | functional programming instead
        
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