[HN Gopher] United finds loose bolts on plug doors during 737 Ma...
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       United finds loose bolts on plug doors during 737 Max 9 inspections
        
       Author : etimberg
       Score  : 184 points
       Date   : 2024-01-08 20:43 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (theaircurrent.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (theaircurrent.com)
        
       | armada651 wrote:
       | Given that these are plug-style doors even if these were bolts in
       | the hinges it would not risk the integrity of the fuselage seal.
        
         | CydeWeys wrote:
         | Maybe the plugs aren't flanged enough? If the walls are mostly
         | flat you could see the bolts being load-bearing.
        
           | samstave wrote:
           | My money is on the window. It was compromised and then the
           | plug/bolts/flanges structure was ripped out of the body.
        
             | bell-cot wrote:
             | How would compromise of the window encourage the plug to be
             | ripped out?
        
               | samstave wrote:
               | My assumption is the decompression event would have put
               | the velocity of that decompression on the door/bolts and
               | they are going to be weaker - and the addition of a
               | window into a plug/door like this adds structural mass to
               | add to that which is being sucked out via the
               | decompression putting them over spec load for that area -
               | but since it was a plug, the surrounding structure was
               | still sound - just that thing couldnt handle the load.
               | 
               | EDIT: Maybe the bolts have a really high shearing
               | tolerance, but not as good of a tensile pull?
        
               | tavavex wrote:
               | I don't think there were any modern cases of airliner
               | windows just being removed like that. They're fairly
               | strong and consist of multiple layers of acrylic that are
               | sandwiched between other components, so the entire window
               | assembly would need to get torn out. Even then, it
               | doesn't seem realistic that the difference in pressure
               | would be big enough to instantly rip a properly-attached
               | door clean off. Of course, only the experts can tell for
               | sure, but my money's on a failure of the whole structure.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | You'd lose your money. The plug is inserted from the
             | outside and retained with fasteners against cabin pressure.
        
         | iapark wrote:
         | I found this video illuminating. The name is confusing because
         | these aren't plug style doors. They can open out like they did
         | here without passing through components
         | https://youtu.be/maLBGFYl9_o?si=Km8qfkEv2YLHDY2G
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | They're not plug-style doors. They open outward. That's the
         | problem.
         | 
         | Opening outward is mechanically riskier, but more likely to be
         | useful in an emergency. The drill for plug-style over-wing
         | exits: Remove cover from upper handle, grab upper and lower
         | handle, yank upper handle, pull door inside, have 15Kg or more
         | of door land on your lap, turn big clunky door sideways, pitch
         | through hole so it's outside and out of the way, climb through
         | hole. Training video.[1] Few passengers are likely to get that
         | drill right in an emergency, and the flight attendants are in
         | the wrong place to do it.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RCFzEg-t_Bk
        
         | loeg wrote:
         | Empirically, the things can fall out. So your assumption is
         | mistaken.
        
         | chippiewill wrote:
         | They're only a plug when they're in the locked position. These
         | bolts on the door plug prevent the plug from sliding into a
         | position where it can come out.
        
         | pcurve wrote:
         | not plug!
         | https://twitter.com/NTSB_Newsroom/status/1744202059870831016
        
       | ethanbond wrote:
       | Soothing to read this while waiting to taxi aboard a different
       | 737 model flown by United!
        
       | intunderflow wrote:
       | At what point do consumers en-masse refuse to fly on these
       | aircraft, if ever? When there's a few more fatal crashes?
        
         | t0mas88 wrote:
         | Unfortunately consumers don't have much choice, the airline can
         | change which type operates a flight at any time.
         | 
         | However longer term if Boeing's reputation keeps getting worse
         | that can motivate buying decisions by the airlines. That change
         | will be a very slow one, because fleet changes cost a lot of
         | money in training crews, changing maintenance etc.
         | 
         | For example KLM is changing their short-haul fleet from the 737
         | NG to the A320neo family, that will take many years to
         | completely roll out.
        
           | neverartful wrote:
           | True, but some airlines probably don't have any in their
           | fleet. If worried consumers find out they could opt to not
           | fly on those airlines.
        
             | bilbo0s wrote:
             | Most airlines do have MAXs. Delta does not. However, they
             | have _ordered_ some MAXs. So they will have MAXs in the
             | future. That will take quite some time however.
             | 
             | So if it's really that big of an issue for a person, then
             | just fly Delta for the time being.
        
             | plopz wrote:
             | spirit doesn't have any of these in their fleet, but it's
             | not the most comfortable flight
        
             | chriskanan wrote:
             | Delta doesn't have any currently, although they ordered a
             | bunch of the MAX family that will be delivered from 2025 -
             | 2029. It will probably be impossible to avoid them, long-
             | term.
        
         | fullshark wrote:
         | I think it would require a fatal air crash of an American
         | flight with a major celebrity on board.
        
           | psunavy03 wrote:
           | . . . and the US airline industry has still not had a fatal
           | crash in just under 25 years.
        
             | hunterjrj wrote:
             | Unfortunately there was one in the Buffalo area in 2009:
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colgan_Air_Flight_3407
        
               | intrasight wrote:
               | Beverly Eckert, Sept. 11 Widow and neighbor of a friend,
               | died on that flight. Still makes me sad for their family.
        
             | Max-q wrote:
             | * 15 years
             | 
             | Still impressive.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | What is considered a US airline, and I'm assuming the
             | minimal fatality count is 1 right?
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PenAir_Flight_3296
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | There's a decent list of celebs who have died in aircraft
           | accidents. The attention typically lasts for a single news
           | cycle.
        
         | hmottestad wrote:
         | Maybe when airlines start advertising that they don't use the
         | new 737s.
         | 
         | The more likely scenario is that the Chinese or Europeans will
         | ground the new 737s until some very expensive fix is put into
         | place and not accept any workarounds. That would probably make
         | a difference.
         | 
         | FYI: https://qz.com/1569865/china-grounds-737-max-8-after-
         | ethiopi...
        
           | gostsamo wrote:
           | There are mutual recognition agreements between the
           | regulators and if the europeans try something like that, the
           | americans can create counter measures to even the field in a
           | mutually undesired spiral. At this moment, the biggest enemy
           | of Boeing is Boeing itself.
        
             | vidanay wrote:
             | We don't care if people die, just so long as your
             | enforcement is not any more rigorous than ours!
        
               | gostsamo wrote:
               | It is more like "our cooperation is more valuable than
               | temporary monetary advantages which could be negated and
               | which could leave everyone worse overall". I'm not sure
               | why deliberately misinterpret my comment, but you are
               | quite wrong. The first 737max precedent is quite
               | instructive for the relationship between the two
               | regulators.
        
             | hmottestad wrote:
             | I'm not sure I understand what you are getting at.
             | 
             | I'm assuming that the US is less likely to demand costly
             | changes to aircraft produced by Boeing because of the
             | implications it would have for their own economy. I
             | wouldn't trust France to preemptive ground a series of
             | Airbus planes either.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | See, that, grounding of Airbus olanes, is exactly what
               | EASA (which is European and not French) does.
               | Spontaniously, I can think of fractures in the wings of
               | the A380 when that happened.
        
               | hmottestad wrote:
               | I'm just poking fun at the French a bit.
        
           | croisillon wrote:
           | from a cursory check https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Bo
           | eing_737_MAX_orders_... there are not that many 737 MAX in
           | Europe:
           | 
           | * Ryanair (124 planes out of 575)
           | 
           | * TUI (40 planes out of 134)
           | 
           | * Turkish (25 planes out of 400)
           | 
           | * Norwegian (18 planes out of 81)
           | 
           | * Icelandair (3 planes out of 47)
        
             | aledalgrande wrote:
             | Went to check on Air Canada and I thought they had way
             | more, but they only have 40:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Canada_fleet
             | 
             | and aside 787s, they haven't ordered any more Boeings
        
         | j-bos wrote:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38917569
        
         | makestuff wrote:
         | I doubt ever, consumers have been proven to select the cheapest
         | airline ticket. The average once-a-year flier likely has no
         | idea what aircraft they are even flying on.
        
           | lokar wrote:
           | I wonder what fraction of seats/revenue come from people who
           | take one or fewer trips per year.
        
             | KolmogorovComp wrote:
             | 1% of people represent 50% of the ~~flights~~ emissions
             | (see thread):
             | https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/nov/17/people-
             | caus...
        
               | ekam wrote:
               | This about 50% of emissions not 50% of flights
        
               | KolmogorovComp wrote:
               | My bad, probably inflated by private jets then?
        
               | joegibbs wrote:
               | That's not 1% of fliers representing half the flights
               | though, I think it's more like 10% - it's saying that 1%
               | of the entire world population causes it and only 11% of
               | the world actually flies once a year.
        
         | im3w1l wrote:
         | I'd be willing to pay a premium not to fly on such an aircraft
         | but not too big, as even though they aren't quite as safe as
         | they should be, my impression is that the risk is still fairly
         | low. Something on the order of 5%
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | Statistically speaking it's not worth worrying about. In 2021
         | there were less than 0.001 deaths per 100M passenger miles.
         | Assuming these aircraft are 10x more dangerous than the
         | alternative, that works out to 0.01 deaths per 100M passenger
         | miles, or 0.00000026 deaths NY to SF flight. For an average
         | american aged 38.9 years[2] with 40 years of life left[3], that
         | works out to a loss of life of 5.4 minutes. I don't think most
         | americans would worry over this, especially compared to other
         | far more deadly threats like obesity.
         | 
         | [1] https://injuryfacts.nsc.org/home-and-community/safety-
         | topics...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-
         | releases/2023/populati...
         | 
         | [3] https://www.ssa.gov/oact/STATS/table4c6.html
        
           | tw04 wrote:
           | >Statistically speaking it's not worth worrying about.
           | 
           | Those statistics don't really work out at all. They take
           | number of miles and deaths, and nothing else. Let's say flown
           | miles and driven miles are exactly the same for arguments
           | sake. If the number of miles flown on planes were traveled by
           | 4 million people, whereas the number of miles traveled by car
           | were from 4 billion people, your likelihood of dying in a
           | plane crash is FAR higher than by car if you're one of the 4
           | million who fly on a plane.
           | 
           | Miles and deaths alone are pretty poor metrics. There's also
           | the part where I may only drive once or twice a week vs. the
           | average which takes into account people who commute daily. So
           | my odds of dying in a car crash are still lower. The
           | frequency of travel seems just as pertinent as the miles
           | traveled.
        
           | fulladder wrote:
           | Excellent analysis.
        
           | phkahler wrote:
           | A better metric IMHO is "crashes involving at least one
           | fatality" per flight. For large aircraft the fatalities are
           | often everyone on board or nearly so. So people care about
           | "what is the probability that the flight I'm getting on has a
           | fatal accident?" This is largely independent of number of
           | passengers or miles flown.
        
         | kube-system wrote:
         | People don't change their behavior much when things like this
         | happen. When it comes around to the next big travel weekend,
         | people will continue to book on whatever airline gets them to
         | the right place at the right time for the right price.
         | 
         | Even when people have a _direct_ ability to change what vehicle
         | they travel on, like with car sales, safety incidents
         | /features/records/etc have little impact to no on sales.
         | 
         | This is one of the reasons why transportation safety is
         | regulated rather than being left up to market forces. Market
         | forces don't really have an impact until the safety risk
         | reaches some extreme levels.
        
         | 0xffff2 wrote:
         | As far as I can see, there's no real way to communicate this
         | preference to airlines. I won't book a flight on a MAX, but the
         | airline can change the airframe at the last second and it's
         | highly situational how willing/able I am to just refuse to fly
         | if they swap in a MAX.
        
         | plagiarist wrote:
         | The typical person does not have the information about these
         | failures, won't prioritize better odds of survival over short-
         | term savings, and do not have enough money to choose
         | alternatives anyway.
        
       | napoleoncomplex wrote:
       | On at least 5 airplanes? Of one airline? Are loose bolts a minor
       | issue, or is it as insane as it reads?
        
         | Syonyk wrote:
         | No, it's as insane as it reads.
         | 
         | It means people were careless and sloppy during assembly.
         | 
         | Think of it like seeing "one cockroach in your kitchen." It's
         | _not_ one cockroach. You just haven 't opened up the rest of
         | the walls.
        
           | Scoundreller wrote:
           | Or it means the torque specs were a little too low, or too
           | high and stripped, or the bolt threading was defective/spec'd
           | wrong. Or bad metallurgy. Or the spec didn't specify which
           | order to tighten the bolts, so which direction you go causes
           | different outcomes.
           | 
           | Lots of stuff is assembled consistently and carefully
           | "wrong", but as specified.
        
             | flamedoge wrote:
             | idk what aviation standards say but shouldnt loctite or
             | spring washers at least be used
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Bolts are torqued down to spec and if specified will have
               | a retention mechanism, usually a pin, a foldover or a
               | wire.
        
             | 88913527 wrote:
             | Some part of the process -- anywhere from specs to
             | assembly-- had some cost cutting that led to the outcome.
             | The root cause of this problem is something financially
             | motivated.
        
               | eightysixfour wrote:
               | While I don't disagree with you that it is possible, it
               | isn't a very "engineering" approach to declare that is
               | the case without doing a root cause analysis. Stating it
               | as fact is as bad as the MBAs...
        
             | stefan_ wrote:
             | To be fair it seems there is an image of some of the loose
             | bolts:
             | 
             | https://nitter.net/ByERussell/status/1744460136855294106
             | 
             | I think this should stick out to an assembly person as not
             | quite right.
        
               | CobaltFire wrote:
               | Note that, as a comment there states, there are tool
               | marks indicating the bolts were both tightened and
               | loosened at various points.
               | 
               | Complicates the issue of who is at fault; where/when were
               | they loosened?
        
           | hef19898 wrote:
           | Assembly was loppy, management either ignored or, even worse,
           | encouraged it while QA was asleep. Which is really bad...
        
           | tyingq wrote:
           | > It means people were careless and sloppy during assembly.
           | 
           | Maybe. Could also be incorrect torque specs, bad parts,
           | unexpected vibration in that area, etc.
           | 
           | Edit: Yes, none of these are good either. Just saying there
           | are many possibilities.
        
             | hmottestad wrote:
             | Those don't sound very reassuring either. What's to say
             | that this is the only bolt with incorrect torque spec, or
             | if this part is bad why not others, and if bad parts are
             | not being caught during quality control then what other
             | parts will be next to fail prematurely? And if there are
             | unexpected vibrations in that area, why wasn't it
             | discovered during test flights? What other vibration issues
             | would they not have accounted for if they weren't capable
             | of detecting this one?
        
               | hypothesis wrote:
               | To be fair, I read recently that another issue with MAX 7
               | was discovered through flight testing. The issue is that
               | now Boeing wants to exempt plane from safety rules...
        
               | hmottestad wrote:
               | The de-icing button issue?
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | What's crazy to me is that these things do not roll of the
           | factory line in large numbers. If it was a car plant or some
           | other line where large numbers come off per shift, you could
           | find that possibly one operator for one shift set their
           | torque wrench to the wrong setting causing the finished items
           | for that shift to be suspect. But seeing as not one plane
           | rolls of the floor per shift, this is much more systemic like
           | possibly the documentation was wrong or similar where it is
           | persistently done incorrectly. Or maybe just the one plane
           | for that one day that the worker incorrectly set their torque
           | wrench that day.
        
             | hef19898 wrote:
             | There is definetly one plabe rolling of FAL per shift.
             | Airbus for example is aiming for a delivery rate of 60
             | single aisle planes per month.
        
           | dendrite9 wrote:
           | Well they left a ladder in the tail of a plane during
           | assembly in the not distant past. It's not like just a couple
           | screws or washers were left behind to rattle around.
           | 
           | An ex worked on a QA-type project related to production for
           | them. It makes me wonder if some of the issues were more
           | fundamental than that project could ever have addressed.
           | 
           | https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/28/business/boeing-787-dream.
           | ..
        
           | baz00 wrote:
           | In software this is a reboot or an apology to a client.
           | 
           | In aerospace this is dead people.
        
         | baq wrote:
         | It's a cliche thing to say, but if it was a known issue and
         | management papered over it - as the alternative is incompetent
         | engineering instead of just cost-center-managed engineering -
         | someone should go jail?
        
           | j-bos wrote:
           | Did anyone go to jail for the previous Boeing MAX crashes?
        
             | 0xffff2 wrote:
             | At this point there's a pretty clear implication that if
             | some Boeing people had gone to jail that time maybe this
             | wouldn't have happened at all.
        
             | jerkstate wrote:
             | not only did nobody go to jail, they didn't even fix the
             | problem:
             | 
             | https://www.travelweekly.com/Travel-News/Airline-
             | News/Omnibu...
        
           | fulladder wrote:
           | Nah. When you have an engineering culture problem, putting
           | people in jail is not going to solve anything. It will scare
           | employees, sure, but it won't fix your culture.
           | 
           | I believe someone at Boeing actually was criminally
           | prosecuted in connection with the earlier MAX 8 problems,
           | but, as in all these situations, it is seriously unlikely
           | that that fixed any actual problems. Most likely, somebody
           | felt they needed a neck to wring and found a convenient
           | scapegoat.
        
       | tuckerpo wrote:
       | It seems there's a sense of malaise falling over everything and
       | everyone in the USA. People at large simply cannot be bothered to
       | care about anything, including torque specs for freakin'
       | AIRLINERS
        
         | xcv123 wrote:
         | Could it have anything to do with Diversity and Inclusion
         | quotas? Ignoring better qualified and more conscientious
         | applicants because they have the wrong sexuality/gender/skin
         | colour.
         | 
         | https://www.boeing.com/principles/diversity-and-inclusion/an...
         | 
         | https://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/principles/div...
        
           | dang wrote:
           | " _Eschew flamebait. Avoid generic tangents._ "
           | 
           | " _Please don 't use Hacker News for political or ideological
           | battle. It tramples curiosity._"
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
             | smegsicle wrote:
             | wouldn't dismissing discussion of hiring practices on
             | product quality be trampling curiosity for political or
             | ideological battle?
        
         | spike021 wrote:
         | I know of a pretty famous car tuner in the US (I won't get too
         | specific for various reasons) and despite most people in my
         | community going to him for service over the years, multiple
         | people have come out and proved he rarely if ever torques
         | anything to spec. For the longest time he even allowed
         | customers to watch in the shop space as he worked on their cars
         | and he'd hand-torque many things that the car manual was very
         | clear needed to be specifically torqued for safety and
         | operational reasons.
         | 
         | The fact that people would share this and it didn't curb the
         | amount of business and referrals he got just proved to me what
         | you've said for the longest time.
         | 
         | People don't like to be troubled with details and they'd rather
         | be ignorant of them.
        
           | vidanay wrote:
           | Probably one of those guys that says "click!" whenever they
           | tighten a bolt.
        
             | eppp wrote:
             | How many times are the torque specs available to me when
             | working on my car? I have no idea what random bolts are
             | supposed to be so they get the good n tight click.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | Workshop manuals are your friend.
        
               | vidanay wrote:
               | Buy a service manual for your vehicle? I have yet to see
               | an important fastener without a specification (torque and
               | pattern).
               | 
               | If you are a professional mechanic, it's your
               | responsibility to obtain the specifications and follow
               | them. This is especially true when it comes to a licensed
               | and certified A&P mechanic and not your neighborhood
               | shadetree mechanic.
        
               | somerandomqaguy wrote:
               | To be fair, manufacturers are trying to discontinue the
               | ability to 'buy' a service manual and make you pay for x
               | amount of time of access. And IIRC they don't format the
               | page into something that's offline friendly.
               | 
               | It's still doable to get the full manual off, just not
               | easy anymore.
        
             | inferiorhuman wrote:
             | The vast majority of fasteners on your car do not depend on
             | being torqued precisely. Basically anywhere you need to
             | worry about clearance (e.g. bearings). If it's a matter of
             | ensuring nothing comes loose you'll have things like
             | threadlocker or a cotter (split) pin.
        
           | jsight wrote:
           | I've noticed the same with electrical work. How many use
           | torque screwdrivers, even when dealing with high load
           | appliances (eg, a 50 amp EVSE)?
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | I've worked in stage lighting and general construction at
             | different parts of my career, and I _never_ saw these being
             | used by anyone despite them being very much required for a
             | proper job.
             | 
             | WAGO clamp terminals are a godsend here - no need to take
             | care about wire nuts going loose, screw terminals being too
             | loose or too tight (leading to fracture), ferrules being
             | properly crimped... just insert the cable, lower the lever,
             | and off you go. Unfortunately, standard DIN fuses still
             | come with only screw terminals.
        
           | GenerWork wrote:
           | Sounds like Hennessey.
        
           | fidotron wrote:
           | It is even worse than that: those that don't care will make
           | life intolerable for those that do until they give up trying
           | to help and go away.
           | 
           | You would definitely hope aerospace assembly would be immune
           | to this widespread phenomenon though.
        
           | tuckerpo wrote:
           | German torque specs: "gutentight!"
        
             | hef19898 wrote:
             | Nach fest kommt ab.
        
           | Scoundreller wrote:
           | My beef is that torque specs are for factory assembly. If
           | you're using new parts, sure, but once they're old/re-used
           | parts with some corrosion due to dissimilar metals, age or
           | salt belt, you're flying blind and probably undertorquing if
           | going by the book.
           | 
           | Given the amount of (soft) aluminum on aircraft, (737 is 80%
           | aluminum), it would be insane to not precisely consider
           | torque.
           | 
           | Steel on steel is more forgiving.
        
             | lucisferre wrote:
             | Why would the softness matter for torque, if there has been
             | some shift or compression since original install the torque
             | should still ensure the correct pressure between the
             | fitting, no?
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | That's assuming then original install torque spec was
               | correct.
               | 
               | Much easier to strip aluminum threading if you over
               | torque. Steel tends to just bend (and bend back better).
               | 
               | Aluminum also fractures while steel bends/stretch back
               | and forth better.
               | 
               | (This is mainly from my experience working on bicycles,
               | and a little auto)
        
               | etrautmann wrote:
               | A major concern is presumably over-torquing a screw and
               | causing partial failure of threads in the material. This
               | could be subtle and difficult to detect, but present as a
               | problem over time.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | Soft materials develop wear more easily.
               | 
               | e.g. any slight boogering of the threads of a used
               | fastener could translate into rotational torque that
               | doesn't end up being converted to a clamping force.
               | 
               | (or in more extreme instances, some fasteners are torque
               | to yield, and change shape after their first use, and
               | must be replaced. But I'll presume that's not what they
               | were talking about here)
        
               | lupusreal wrote:
               | Aluminum has no fatigue limit, so you really need to do
               | things by the book.
        
             | the_third_wave wrote:
             | > If you're using new parts, sure, but once they're old/re-
             | used parts
             | 
             | Most service manuals require new bolts, fasteners and
             | washers for torque-critical parts.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | Skipping that part is even more ubiquitous than failure
               | to properly torque. It takes a lot of effort to buy the
               | correct bolts, only specialists have them to hand for a
               | given make. Even dealers might not have every bolt. So it
               | means you need to procure many more parts you would
               | otherwise (the part you're replacing, plus 20 specific
               | bolts with part numbers).. Most mechanics don't bother
               | unless it's something really big like cylinder head bolts
               | or an axle nut.
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | When I was in high school I helped a lot of my friends fix
           | issues caused by quick tire and lube shops. Lots of snapped,
           | stripped, and rounded fasteners.
        
           | jmoss20 wrote:
           | I imagine at least part of this is that specs (and
           | documentation generally) just suck now. It's nigh impossible
           | to sort out which bits are CYA legalese, and which bits are
           | "no, actually, do this or else <terrible outcome>".
           | 
           | That obviously isn't the problem with airplane manufacturing,
           | and maybe not for car mechanics either. But it's totally
           | endemic in the consumer world.
           | 
           | "Do not operate while driving" on car HUDs. "Do not consume
           | if pregnant" on perfectly safe OTC medications. "Do not
           | continue to ride after a crash" on bike frames.
           | 
           | It's not surprising most of this is just ignored now --
           | there's no information content. The documentation is nothing
           | more than a list of things for which the manufacturer would
           | like not to be liable, and the marginal cost of adding to
           | that list is ~0. It will grow until we run out of room in the
           | manual / space on the packaging.
           | 
           | "Store between 68 and 75 F." Or what? Is that a "must follow
           | or else death", or a "it may reduce efficacy 0.5%" or a
           | "we've never run a sufficiently powerful study under any
           | other conditions, but there's no theoretical reason it should
           | matter"? It matters quite a bit to me which!
           | 
           | I don't see how we can hope to have good-faith communication
           | under such a heavy threat of litigation. I would not be
           | surprised if /that/ turns out to be relevant to the Boeing
           | issue, even if the rest is unrelated.
        
         | Sparkyte wrote:
         | Culture problem as we hire people of a generation who were not
         | educated or engrained with responsibility they avoid doing the
         | right thing and this happens.
        
           | agubelu wrote:
           | Yes, because no catastrophic defects have been present in
           | airliners in the past 50 years.
        
           | bigbillheck wrote:
           | The only cultural problem is in management.
        
           | terminous wrote:
           | Get this generationalist BS out of here. It isn't supported
           | by the facts. Airline safety has improved with each
           | generation. There were many more plane crashes in the
           | 1970s-1980s when boomers were in their prime. Five times as
           | many!
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | Heh, I remember back then when they said "Airplane crashes
             | come in threes", while I don't think that's exactly true,
             | the number of large fatal crashes was much higher.
        
           | fulladder wrote:
           | I don't think it's generational per se, but I've noticed a
           | declining level of concern for safety in product design
           | compared to even like 20 years ago. I think people got used
           | to the idea that everything is generally very safe and now
           | there's less of an emphasis, so given enough time we'll start
           | seeing dangerous products again and the cycle will start
           | anew.
        
           | plagiarist wrote:
           | I agree. We need way younger CEOs (and legislators!). This
           | current crop is perfectly fine rushing QA to ship defective
           | products as long as it lines their own pockets. In industries
           | where failures won't directly kill people they actually plan
           | the obsolescence to happen.
           | 
           | Leadership from a more environmentally-conscious and
           | empathetic Gen Z would definitely have safer products that
           | last longer.
        
         | jasode wrote:
         | _> People at large simply cannot be bothered to care about
         | anything, including torque specs for freakin ' AIRLINERS_
         | 
         | It may have not been operator error with the torque wrench.
         | Maybe the torque wrench itself was miscalibrated. Maybe the
         | bolt had a flaw in the metal. It seems too early to make
         | conclusions.
         | 
         | An example of flawed bolts on aircraft in an excerpt from https
         | ://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S136970210...:
         | 
         |  _A bolt from an aircraft flap control unit fractured in the
         | threaded region of the shank near the shoulder with the head
         | upon installation after a major service. A metallurgical
         | investigation was carried out to identify the cause of failure.
         | The bolt was manufactured from cadmium-plated, high-strength
         | steel. Material checks carried out on the bolt showed that it
         | conformed to the required specification and was found to have
         | an approximate ultimate tensile strength of 1380 MPa.
         | 
         | The fracture surface of the failed bolt was examined using SEM
         | to identify the mode of fracture and determine if pre-existing
         | defects were present that could account for the unexpected
         | failure. The fracture surface exhibited two distinct modes of
         | failure. [...]
         | 
         | The embrittlement in this case was attributed to the cadmium
         | plating, which is applied to the bolts to provide corrosion
         | protection to the steel. Hydrogen is evolved during the plating
         | process, which becomes absorbed by the steel. The cadmium
         | plating acts as a barrier to hydrogen diffusion at ambient
         | temperature so that the hydrogen becomes 'trapped' in the
         | steel. In high strength steels (>1100 MPa) this leads to
         | embrittlement. To overcome this problem, high strength steel
         | fasteners, which have been cadmium-plated, are baked at
         | 175-205degC for 24 hours to allow hydrogen to diffuse through
         | the cadmium. In this case, failure of the bolts was caused by
         | insufficient baking after plating, which gave rise to hydrogen
         | embrittlement._
        
           | bob1029 wrote:
           | > It seems too early to make conclusions.
           | 
           | In this specific case, I would agree.
           | 
           | I share much of the sentiment of the OP, but I wonder if it
           | is simply my perspective changing as I take on more and more
           | responsibilities. Maybe things have always kind of been this
           | way.
           | 
           | I would be hesitant to say it's all going to hell in a
           | handbasket because that tends to be one of those self-
           | fulfiling prophecies. I prefer to look at things as
           | "challenging, but workable".
        
         | thinkingtoilet wrote:
         | >People at large simply cannot be bothered to care about
         | anything
         | 
         | People care deeply about a lot of things, just not this. And
         | why should they? When you have every business decision made
         | either by private equity or public companies with a focus only
         | on the next 90 days it turns out everything goes to shit. Wages
         | are stagnant. Wealth inequality is massive. Our society is
         | sick. Issues like this will only increase. Our rail ecosystem
         | is experiencing the same issues for the same reason.
        
           | leetrout wrote:
           | Random aside: I looked up an Acela ticket this morning.
           | 
           | $1000 for a first class ticket from DC to BOS. 6.5 hours.
           | 
           | Same flight first class with Delta this week is $850. Also 6
           | hours with layover.
           | 
           | Blows my mind first class rail travel is as much as first
           | class air travel.
        
             | CaptainMarvel wrote:
             | Do you mean that the train is _as cheap_ as taking a plane?
             | 
             | In my experience, in the UK, taking a train is more
             | expensive than taking a flight (or driving, for that
             | matter).
        
               | fulladder wrote:
               | Why do people pay more for slower transportation?
        
               | Max-q wrote:
               | Train travel tend to be much more comfortable than bus,
               | car or plane. Especially if the plane takes as long time
               | due to airports being located outside the city, security
               | hazel, lots of stress at the airport and so on.
               | 
               | The train cost more, but you enter the train in the city
               | centre, sit down and relax, go to the restaurant car and
               | eat a nice dinner, relax som more and you arrive in the
               | destination city.
               | 
               | This works better in continental Europe, where you have
               | shorter distances and high speed trains between the
               | capitols, often making the train faster from city centre
               | to city centre than air travel. Traveling from Chicago to
               | SF by train is pleasant, but take a couple days, not a
               | couple of hours.
        
               | plagiarist wrote:
               | I'd pay extra to take the train for shorter trips. The
               | entire experience is better, from not passing through a
               | security theater production to the larger seats. I've
               | never had a train sitting on the tarmac for hours,
               | either, my plane trips frequently involve waits and
               | delays.
        
               | 0xffff2 wrote:
               | Not OP, but as a simple physics exercise, the fact that
               | it's cheaper to put a metal tube flying in the air
               | instead of hurling it down a pair of low-friction steel
               | rails firmly attached to the ground to get from the same
               | point A to the same point B is mind-boggling. It becomes
               | even more so when you consider that I was easily able to
               | find a ~$500 first class flight for the same route that
               | is non-stop for just 1.5 hours of flight time, so flying
               | is going to be a much shorter door to door time for half
               | the price and probably a better experience to boot.
               | 
               | I haven't ridden Amtrak in a long time, but I would be
               | absolutely shocked if the first class experience on the
               | Acella is as nice, much less worth a premium compared to
               | flying. Regardless, there's pretty much nothing they
               | could offer to make it worth the price premium.
        
             | datadrivenangel wrote:
             | DC to BOS should be a 90 minute flight...?
        
               | 0xffff2 wrote:
               | Presumably the "with layover" is something crazy like a
               | Delta flight that goes via Atlanta. You can get some
               | pretty crazy routing sometimes if you pick the wrong
               | combination of airports and carrier. United has a non-
               | stop with weekday first class tickets for ~$500, so I
               | think the point stands.
        
             | the_third_wave wrote:
             | Those prices are extreme, I regularly travel 1st class by
             | train from Goteborg/Sweden to Amsterdam/the Netherlands at
             | about EUR85 for a single with ICE/EC/IC, a ~15 hour trip.
        
             | Max-q wrote:
             | What is the reason behind this thought? I know that most
             | people think like this. Train should be cheaper than air.
             | 
             | I guess it has to do with planes replacing plane, hence
             | plane must be better, hence more expensive.
             | 
             | But the reality is that the plane won because of two
             | things: speed and cost. Air is free. Miles of miles of
             | railroad is very expensive to build and maintain.
             | 
             | Trains are a bit cheaper than planes. But they travel
             | slowly. So cost per mile per passenger is lower for a
             | plane.
             | 
             | Even when subsidized, the cost of rail travel is often more
             | expensive per mile than air travel.
             | 
             | So when Europe and Asia now are building a lot of high
             | speed rail, it's not to make it cheaper, but to lower
             | carbon footprint and to make a more pleasant experience.
        
             | mehlmao wrote:
             | Amtrak and plane tickets are priced differently. For each
             | class of ticket, Amtrak has X seats at price A, Y seats at
             | price B > A, Z seats at price C > B, etc. When you check
             | prices or buy a ticket, it will offer you the cheapest
             | remaining ticket in that class. If you book Amtrak early,
             | you'll find it is significantly cheaper than a plane
             | ticket. Wait until a week until departure, and usually the
             | airplane will cost less.
        
         | nostromo wrote:
         | You're catastrophizing a bit. This isn't an America problem
         | it's a Boeing problem.
         | 
         | American air travel is safer than it's ever been. Going years
         | without a single fatality is now the norm, not an exception.
         | The airlines are well run and do care deeply about safety. The
         | regulators aren't perfect but generally do a good job. The NTSB
         | is world-class.
         | 
         | Boeing will continue to lose marketshare to Airbus and feel
         | some pain which is appropriate. Eventually they'll get their
         | act together or they will continue to suffer real consequences.
        
           | sschueller wrote:
           | Working conditions in the USA have come to a point where many
           | don't care because the company doesn't care about them.
           | People are fired at will after working for 20+ years with
           | zero shits given. There is zero loyalty and in return workers
           | just don't care either.
           | 
           | There are only so many checks and balances you can build in
           | until this situation will catch up with you.
           | 
           | Doesn't amazon have such a huge turn over that they are
           | running out of possible candidate to replace those workers?
           | 
           | Being pushed to deliver more and more packages in shorter
           | time or inspect train cars in less time then required why
           | would one care if a packages gets tossed or a rail car is not
           | properly inspected?
           | 
           | In most jobs the only consequence is to be fired which is
           | already possible for no reason what so ever in many states.
        
             | el-dude-arino wrote:
             | Thanks, Jack Welch. May you burn in hell for making the
             | 21st century worker-employer relationship so adversarial.
        
             | FirmwareBurner wrote:
             | Sorry, but habe you ever worked in an aero assembly plant?
             | You're making it sound like it's just like any other
             | warehouse sweatshops job where you need to pee in a bottle
             | while you work to meet your quotas when it's the furthest
             | thing possible from that.
             | 
             | You definitely have enough time to work at leisurely pace
             | and assemble every part right. There's not much rushing
             | going on there. If workers get away with doing dodgy work
             | you have a QA issue.
        
             | Invictus0 wrote:
             | In 1966, Boeing had 142k employees and thousands more
             | employees working for them indirectly through suppliers. By
             | 1970 they had less than 39k employees.
             | 
             | Let's not pretend layoffs are new.
        
         | jskrablin wrote:
         | Or use a few drops of threadlocker...
        
         | 0max wrote:
         | Sagaar from Breaking Points felt the same way in his monologue
         | today.
        
         | Nextgrid wrote:
         | I commented on another thread[1] but I feel like it would apply
         | here:
         | 
         | > My theory is that this is not limited to Boeing or even
         | aircraft design, it's a much deeper and systemic problem
         | affecting all kinds of fields. We've had a lot of industrial
         | accidents lately.
         | 
         | > When aircraft manufacturing was an emerging industry there
         | were tons of undocumented safety margins and "slack" in the
         | design and production pipeline. Over time, the beancounters
         | start optimizing stuff, so these undocumented safety margins
         | are eroded in the name of efficiency/profit (and sometimes even
         | documented safety margins too).
         | 
         | > Furthermore, workers back in the day had a much better life
         | when it comes to purchasing power (especially when it comes to
         | property), and so could actually "give more fucks" about the
         | job than they do now which is a compounding factor. You used to
         | get a lot of implicit quality assurance back then which you
         | don't get now.
         | 
         | > We've now reached a stage where these undocumented safety
         | margins have been eroded enough that it actually starts to
         | cause issues, and the safeguards that are supposed to catch
         | them aren't good enough, either due to 1) they've never been
         | good enough but just weren't really needed before or 2) they
         | too have been eroded in the same way for the same reason.
         | 
         | [1]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38896457
        
         | fzeroracer wrote:
         | The 'malaise' is the rot coming from uncurbed late-stage
         | capitalism. Just about every single company only cares about
         | short-term forecasts which leads to enshittification because
         | there is no long-term planning or allowance for things like
         | quality control.
         | 
         | Privately-owned companies or worker-owned companies are more
         | resilient to this problem because the nature of their existence
         | means a stronger focus on long term goals. Though there are
         | still issues with publicly owned companies exerting enough
         | influence to acquire and subsequently destroy private
         | companies. For example, Rite-Aid acquiring Bartell Drugs then
         | going bankrupt and proceeding to shutter most Bartell Drug
         | stores leaving Seattle with a deficit of pharmacies.
        
           | pixl97 wrote:
           | "Show me the incentive and I will show you the outcome."
           | 
           | Welcome to the outcome. When companies look at employees and
           | employee training as an expense, and when the only way to
           | improve your salary is to go to a new company, expect to see
           | these companies to be hollowed out shells of untrained
           | people.
        
       | chatmasta wrote:
       | This is reassuring news to me, as someone who has opted for
       | Airbus over Boeing (and even paid extra for it) whenever given
       | the choice since the first 737-MAX crashes in 2017.
        
         | WheatMillington wrote:
         | How is this reassuring?! Are you sure you don't mean
         | "vindicating" or similar? Hard to understand how anyone could
         | feel reassured by this.
        
           | chatmasta wrote:
           | It's "reassuring" in the sense that I'm reassured I've been
           | making the right decision... but yeah, "vindicating" is
           | probably a more appropriate choice of word :)
        
             | eterm wrote:
             | What you're describing is validation.
        
       | fidelio93 wrote:
       | Could AI help firms like Boeing perform more robust and automated
       | safety checks? I'm curious about how much an issue like this can
       | be chalked up to human error vs. poor, semi-automated QA.
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | GIGO
        
         | pc86 wrote:
         | Oh nice this is the first time I've seen the AI equivalent of
         | "Bitcoin fixes this" in the wild.
        
           | consumer451 wrote:
           | This is hilarious, but I think we might be being a bit
           | unfair.
           | 
           | Why couldn't you use something a camera on eyeglasses while
           | doing the work correctly to fine tune a multimodal model, and
           | then infer to a user wearing the same glasses? Audio reply
           | saying "nope, try again."
           | 
           | You would need multiple frames per second, so not today, but
           | not that far into the future, right?
           | 
           | edit: Zero-shot, I just took photos of me "fixing things"
           | around the house, and here is what ChatGPT told me. It does
           | not suck. Do this with fine tuning, many frames per second,
           | and what am I missing?
           | 
           | https://imgur.com/a/H1eSShH
           | 
           | https://imgur.com/a/YXxz8uL
        
             | ChatGTP wrote:
             | Because those things are a joke ?
        
               | consumer451 wrote:
               | Please refresh and look at my edit.
               | 
               | If a missing some major required component aside from
               | finetuning and frames per sec, which will require a few
               | years for everything to be fast enough... please let me
               | know what it is.
               | 
               | Wait, oh it will be understand of time... the sequencing
               | of the frames. That is missing for now, right?
        
             | tavavex wrote:
             | The reason why it's bad is that this is an overcomplicated
             | process that introduces potentially unreliable bells and
             | whistles for little upside. At the end of the day, there
             | aren't fundamental issues with a trained employee following
             | a checklist. Machine learning is extremely powerful but
             | tons of issues can be solved in a straightforward
             | algorithmic fashion, so we should really be using it where
             | it could make a big difference.
        
               | consumer451 wrote:
               | Thanks. I get it, and generally agree with your point
               | here. Paying for good people and giving them enough time
               | to get the job done is generally enough. I was just
               | trying to be fair to op's question as devil's advocate. I
               | don't think it should just be dismissed as a joke. I have
               | always been a huge cryptocurrency skeptic, and I just
               | don't see the same trajectory for ML.
               | 
               | So back in the day, Expert Systems were a big thing at
               | Boeing. Searching Boeing's job openings today, it's a
               | still a word used in hiring, but I don't understand what
               | they mean by it in terms of manufacturing. Do you have
               | any idea what they mean by that today?
        
               | tavavex wrote:
               | Yeah, I understand your sentiment. I hope I didn't appear
               | to technologically conservative in my comment, it is kind
               | of a minor pushback to people promoting generative AI as
               | a panacea that makes every problem ever easier.
               | 
               | I can't tell you about what Boeing does with expert
               | systems. I've never been employed by them and I never
               | really looked into it or where they use them. It's
               | especially unclear because Boeing does _a lot_ more than
               | just pure manufacturing.
        
         | sp527 wrote:
         | Found the Boeing executive.
        
           | queuebert wrote:
           | Tech L7 who can only program Python but thinks they could be
           | the next Boeing CEO.
        
         | Bluescreenbuddy wrote:
         | Go outside.
        
         | jsight wrote:
         | Neural networks for quality assessment aren't necessarily
         | unheard of. I'm not sure how they'd be using them in this case,
         | though?
         | 
         | Maybe something like a camera monitoring that they are using
         | the correct tool at various parts of assembly? But I'm not sure
         | how feasible this would be at airplane levels of volume.
         | 
         | I bet it'll be common in car assembly at some point, though.
        
         | molave wrote:
         | It still requires a human to be sometimes skeptical of the AI's
         | results.
        
       | raverbashing wrote:
       | It is not so clear if the loose bolts are on the door or if
       | they're the bolts that attach the door to the frame. Also given
       | that the door that fell was just found in one piece this makes me
       | suspect the latter
       | 
       | But regardless, not looking good for Boeing
       | 
       | (*door but of course it's more a plug than a real door, just
       | using the term for ease of understanding)
       | 
       | Edit:
       | https://twitter.com/ByERussell/status/1744460136855294106?t=...
        
       | jasode wrote:
       | I found it interesting that Boeing _did proactively_ tell
       | airlines to inspect 737 MAXs for a possible loose bolt in a
       | different part of the plane (rudder section) at least _8 days
       | before_ the January 5th event. Example story:
       | https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/boeing-ur...
       | 
       | Unfortunately, Boeing did not know they had _other issues_ with
       | the plug door bolts.
        
       | nritchie wrote:
       | Makes you wonder if there was malice involved?
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | My grandfather worked for Braniff as a mechanic, and I've heard
         | stories where very strange things would happen that definitely
         | gave merit to some sort of sabotage being a likely explanation.
         | From very specialized tools would be missing not from just one
         | bay, but from all of the bays to other issues that would cause
         | regular maintenance from being able to be completed in a timely
         | turn causing more and more planes to be taken out of service.
         | Lots of things went wrong with that airline, but some of the
         | things just makes you scratch your chin in wonder if it might
         | not be possible.
        
         | flohofwoe wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanlon%27s_razor
        
       | adrian_b wrote:
       | There were only 2 possible causes of the incident, either the
       | bolts had been replaced with bolts made from an inappropriate
       | material, so they broke, or the bolts had not been assembled
       | correctly, and they became loose.
       | 
       | It appears that the latter is what happened.
       | 
       | Perhaps those who did the assembly of the doors at Boeing did not
       | use the right kind of washers that are needed to prevent the
       | unscrewing of the bolts, or they did not apply the correct torque
       | to the bolts.
       | 
       | It is extremely surprising if such trivial errors can happen
       | during the assembly of an aircraft.
        
         | lokar wrote:
         | Or the lock wire was left off or done incorrectly
        
           | someguydave wrote:
           | Aren't there multiple signoffs & inspections to see if the
           | lock wire was being done correctly?
        
         | zokier wrote:
         | You are assuming this is problem in the assembly and not in the
         | design?
        
           | rpeden wrote:
           | The same part was used on the 737-900 for quite a while and
           | didn't (as far as we've heard, at least) have any similar
           | issues there.
        
           | dralley wrote:
           | And you seem to be assuming that the problem is in the design
           | and not the assembly...
           | 
           | The latter seems more likely.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | You are both missing the 'faulty process' and 'faulty
             | communications' options.
        
           | adrian_b wrote:
           | For loose bolts, incorrect assembly is by far the most likely
           | cause.
           | 
           | It can be a design problem if the bolts and associated parts
           | like washers have been substituted recently or if the
           | assembly instructions have been changed recently, e.g. by
           | specifying a different torque. If any such engineering change
           | has happened recently, then that would be the likely culprit.
           | 
           | A resonance problem of the aircraft body as supposed by
           | another poster seems extremely unlikely as that would have
           | required significant recent changes to the aircraft body,
           | which did not happen.
        
         | pengaru wrote:
         | The torque or fastener spec could just be wrong in the face of
         | unforeseen resonance or some other in-flight oddity
         | cumulatively loosening the bolts.
         | 
         | I wouldn't be so certain it's installation error or mfr defect
         | of the fasteners...
        
         | Someone wrote:
         | > There were only 2 possible causes of the incident, either the
         | bolts had been replaced with bolts made from an inappropriate
         | material, so they broke, or the bolts had not been assembled
         | correctly, and they became loose.
         | 
         | Or the 'correct' assembly instructions weren't actually
         | correct, or the design isn't good enough (e.g. it uses too few
         | bolts, or didn't check the strength of the bolts when they get
         | cold), or the bolts were of the correct material, but designed
         | too thin, etc.
        
       | queuebert wrote:
       | I've seen on Toyotas and also at Universal Studios bolts on rides
       | are marked with paint presumably to indicate that the nut hasn't
       | backed out.
       | 
       | Are airliners marked in this way? Is checking the bolts simply a
       | visual inspection, or do the inspectors need to get out a torque
       | wrench?
        
         | hef19898 wrote:
         | Workers are trained and qualified to sign of on their work.
         | Some work is double checked by a co-worker. Some is again
         | checked by QA. FAL work, and loose bolts falling under FOD
         | absolutely, are checked by QA. Or at least should be.
         | 
         | No idea how this can happen, Boeing really has to get its shit
         | together.
        
         | lb1lf wrote:
         | This is SOP in manufacturing to indicate that a bolt has been
         | torqued to whatever torque specified in the assembly drawing;
         | as an added bonus, if the mark is applied properly, you can
         | also tell at a glance whether the bolt has worked itself loose.
        
         | chippiewill wrote:
         | Unlike on a rollercoaster, these bolts are hidden within the
         | fuselage behind the cabin panelling so a regular visual
         | inspection to see if they've been loosening wouldn't be
         | practical. During assembly the bolts should have been torqued
         | and then checked and the bolts would only be reinspected when
         | the panelling is removed after 3 years or so.
        
         | adamweld wrote:
         | Yes aircraft fasteners are often torque marked, and almost all
         | safety critical fasteners have an additional preload locking
         | mechanism. Often these fasteners use mechanical locking
         | features such as cotter pins, safety wire, or safety cable.
        
         | kube-system wrote:
         | Even better, safety critical bolts on these doors are (supposed
         | to be, at least) pinned.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=maLBGFYl9_o&t=523s
        
         | phkahler wrote:
         | Even on light aircraft some bolts will have a safety wire
         | through the head to prevent it from turning. You might even see
         | these on bolts holding the propeller on.
        
         | Juicyy wrote:
         | common practice in manufacturing to use a paint pen on bolts in
         | assembly lines to check and make sure nothing is backing out
         | aftre maintenance/repair.
        
       | blindriver wrote:
       | Doesn't this call into question the manufacturing of ALL 737
       | MAX's including the 7 and 8 since they must use the same
       | manufacturing process?
        
         | pluc wrote:
         | Yeah this isn't a plane issue, it's a guy holding the drill
         | issue as far as I understand it
        
           | intrasight wrote:
           | A guy holding an inspection report issue
        
           | myself248 wrote:
           | If a guy holding the drill CAN cause this issue, that means
           | there's ALSO a drill calibration issue, a bolt inspection
           | issue, an inspection recordkeeping and doublechecking issue,
           | etc.
           | 
           | Humans make mistakes. The whole point of modern manufacturing
           | is to make products better than any human can make them, by
           | layering processes and procedures to catch those mistakes
           | before they get out the door, and continually improve the
           | processes to catch ever more.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Spot on, this is exactly the problem: you can't have 'just
             | loose bolts', it's a whole raft of other issues.
        
         | barryrandall wrote:
         | It calls into question Boeing's entire portfolio because it's
         | all a product of the same management culture.
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | It's a door design that dates back to the 707.
        
             | infotainment wrote:
             | Sure, but Boeing's current awful cost cutting management
             | does not date back that far.
        
             | hef19898 wrote:
             | _If_ this turns out to be the assembly issue it seems to
             | be, it hints at a deeper, potentially cultural, issue at
             | Boeing. One that could affect all their planes, because why
             | would only be the B737 MAX FAL be sloppy?
        
         | chippiewill wrote:
         | Only the max-9 has the door plug, the smaller airframes don't
         | have that door, and the larger airframes always have the door
         | fitted
        
           | phkahler wrote:
           | Maybe Boeing will rethink their plan to claim all variants of
           | the 737 are basically equal.
        
       | tomohawk wrote:
       | Industrial sabotage? Grievance sabotage? Quality control?
       | 
       | Hopefully they can track down the cause.
        
         | barryrandall wrote:
         | Metrics that don't give employees enough time to accurately
         | complete their tasks? Management whose first and last
         | priorities are quarterly financial projections? Transitioning
         | from external oversight to self-reporting?
         | 
         | I do hope they can track down the cause, whatever it might be.
        
       | pierotofy wrote:
       | It might be another fault due to the cultural shift that's been
       | happening at Boeing:
       | https://www.npr.org/2019/10/26/773675393/boeings-cultural-sh...
       | 
       | > Safety and quality were taking a second seat to schedule and
       | cost.
        
       | blibble wrote:
       | "the most scrutinised transport aircraft in history"
        
         | 7e wrote:
         | Not reassuring.
        
           | nwallin wrote:
           | Not reassuring indeed.
           | 
           | "most scrutinized world leader in history"
        
         | ActionHank wrote:
         | Well yeah, keep making things that break or cause issues and
         | people will have to scrutinise more and more.
        
         | phkahler wrote:
         | 737 != 737 Max.
        
       | fshbbdssbbgdd wrote:
       | Check out this video showing how the plug is supposed to be
       | installed: https://youtu.be/maLBGFYl9_o?t=540
       | 
       | Some of the bolts that would be loosened when the plug is opened
       | during maintenance have a pin to prevent them from turning. That
       | pin is present in this photo:
       | https://x.com/byerussell/status/1744460136855294106?s=46&t=s...
       | 
       | However, the same photo shows other critical bolts that hold the
       | whole hinge on the door are loose, and there's not meant to be a
       | pin on those.
       | 
       | I'm curious how the decision is made whether to include that pin
       | in the design. Did they idiot-proof the maintenance of the plug,
       | but not the initial installation?
        
         | fshbbdssbbgdd wrote:
         | More rampant speculation!
         | 
         | Some quotes from this article:
         | https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/spirit-ae...
         | 
         | > As part of the production process, Spirit builds fuselages
         | for 737s and sends them by train with the special door assembly
         | "semi-rigged," one of the people said.
         | 
         | > "They are fitted but not completed," the person said.
         | 
         | > At its Renton, Washington, plant, Boeing typically removes
         | the pop-out, or non-functioning, door and uses the gap to load
         | interiors. Then, the part is put back and the installation in
         | completed. Finally, the hull is pressurized to 150% to make
         | sure everything is working correctly, the person said.
         | 
         | I can imagine a diffusion of responsibility as to whose job it
         | is supposed to be to tighten those hinge bolts. Spirit is
         | installing the plug in a "semi-rigged" state. Boeing is
         | removing the plug to load the interior, then reinstalling it.
         | I'd hazard a guess that Boeing is not removing the hinges,
         | because the plug can be removed without doing so. What if, when
         | reinstalling the plug, Boeing workers just redo the stuff they
         | removed? They tighten the vertical movement arrestor bolt, put
         | the pin through it, and believe they have done their job? If
         | they never messed with those other hinge bolts, they don't
         | bother tightening them?
        
           | thehappypm wrote:
           | There's no way that this is what happened. They're not
           | building IKEA furniture, everything is tightly check-listed.
        
         | 1970-01-01 wrote:
         | The castle nut design requires the use of a cotter or other
         | locking pin.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castellated_nut
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_locking_device
        
         | Rapzid wrote:
         | "Loose bolts" is not a ton of detail. It could have nothing to
         | do with any of the bolts discussed in that video.
         | 
         | I'm having a hard time imagining how this failure could occur
         | from just those bolts "needing tightening". They are lock bolts
         | with pins and appear to take shear forces and provide no
         | clamping functionality. Even if the bolts were "loose", or not
         | torqued to spec, how would they come all the way undone? Then
         | the bolts, under shear, work their way out completely? And
         | isn't the lift spring forcing the top pins into the upper part
         | of the track? On top of that the curve of the track appears to
         | be such that outward force on the door would actually cause the
         | pins to go into the upper part of the track.
         | 
         | IDK, seems like there is something else going on. Different
         | bolts maybe.
        
       | bad_alloc wrote:
       | How is Airbus doing meanwhile? I didn't hear about any production
       | quality issues in their aircraft.
        
         | aledalgrande wrote:
         | > The A320neo family has had four ground fatalities and one
         | hull loss accident as of November 2022.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_A320neo_family
         | 
         | A320neo is the direct competitor to the MAX. So yeah, they're
         | doing pretty well.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | And that hull loss wasn't on account of a faulty design,
           | assembly or process issues.
           | 
           | Crew and passengers were unharmed after a collision with a
           | firetruck crossing the runway while the aircraft was doing
           | its take-off roll.
        
             | aledalgrande wrote:
             | Exactly, as I understand all those occurrencies were due to
             | people on the runway for one reason or another.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | I am not familiar enough with that incident but I wonder
               | how fast the plane was going and how close it was to
               | actually being airborne, that seems like it must have
               | been quite the impact but given that all crew survived
               | there must be some factor that I'm missing. Blind luck
               | either way.
               | 
               | edit: 235 Kph!
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FBEE7bzatKk&t=47s
               | 
               | two 10ths of a second later and it would have been an
               | entirely different story. Ugh.
        
           | disiplus wrote:
           | i'm not sure are you being sarcastic, there were no
           | fatalities on the airplane. but once motorcycle and another
           | time a firetruck crashed with the plane and people died.
        
             | aledalgrande wrote:
             | I am not being sarcastic. Fatalities were unfortunate, but
             | not due to the airplane design or manufacturing.
        
         | notahacker wrote:
         | Half the A320neo fleet needs to be grounded for 250-300 days
         | over the next year due to engine manufacturing issues affecting
         | their wear (which tbf is entirely Pratt & Whitney's fault).
         | Airbus settled a $2bn suit last year with Qatar Airways over
         | A350 paint jobs so bad they grounded them and refused to take
         | scheduled deliveries. You'll hear more about Boeing than the
         | rest of the industry put together because this is HN...
        
           | aledalgrande wrote:
           | So Airbus has fault for a paint job? While they should do
           | better, that sounds a lot safer than airplanes losing pieces
           | or crashing down to me.
           | 
           | > You'll hear more about Boeing than the rest of the industry
           | put together because this is HN...
           | 
           | That's not it.
        
       | wnevets wrote:
       | but shareholders got rich and that's really what is important.
       | 
       | > Boeing Co. (BA.N) directors authorized a record US$20 billion
       | share buyback program and boosted the company's dividend 20 per
       | cent -- a sign the planemaker doesn't intend to stop showering
       | cash on investors any time soon.[1]
       | 
       | [1] https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/boeing-sets-new-20-billion-
       | buyba...
        
       | rmbyrro wrote:
       | Is the aircraft industry also adopting the "move fast, break
       | things" now?
        
         | molave wrote:
         | Literally yes (at least for Boeing). Pray Airbus doesn't do the
         | same.
        
       | avgDev wrote:
       | Flying in this plane in a few days......a bit uneasy to be
       | honest.
        
         | outside1234 wrote:
         | I think they are grounded - so it will be something else
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | I have a dumb question: why "plug" the doors at all? Why not burn
       | a row of seats and have an extra safety door? Was this at request
       | of the airlines to "meet" minimum safety standards or was there a
       | reason why it's "better" to have less exit doors?
        
         | anderber wrote:
         | If the regulators don't require the extra exit door, then the
         | airlines would rather put in an extra row for more profits. The
         | extra safety door is only needed depending on seating
         | configuration.
        
           | Gibbon1 wrote:
           | And this just blew every bit of profit you could make off
           | those extra seats.
        
           | exabrial wrote:
           | That's what I figured.
        
         | benhurmarcel wrote:
         | Less cost and weight, and more rows. Only advantages there.
        
       | oooyay wrote:
       | Kind of non-sequitur, but am I disconnected from reality if at
       | this point I do not want to fly on a Boeing aircraft?
        
         | outside1234 wrote:
         | It is really the 737 - not sure what is going on with the MAX
         | design team - but it ain't good
         | 
         | The 787 and 757 seem to have been stable platforms.
        
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