[HN Gopher] Alaska 737 cockpit voice recorder data erasure renew...
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       Alaska 737 cockpit voice recorder data erasure renews safety debate
        
       Author : 8organicbits
       Score  : 186 points
       Date   : 2024-01-08 15:22 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
        
       | 8organicbits wrote:
       | https://archive.is/C66NT
        
       | belltaco wrote:
       | Maybe they can use a service like Starlink to stream voice,
       | location and blackbox data to a secure location on land, that way
       | even if the flight is lost or destroyed we would know what
       | happened, or even where the heck it is(looking at you MH370).
        
         | throwaway5959 wrote:
         | Why not just record more than 2 hours? Maybe two days worth of
         | audio instead?
        
           | cptcobalt wrote:
           | Indeed, the proposal is for 25 hours, and its not like
           | recording 25 hours of audio is fundamentally more complex
           | than 2 hours these days.
        
           | belltaco wrote:
           | Because onboard recordings are prone to loss or destruction,
           | intentional or otherwise.
        
         | __m wrote:
         | The captain would likely also have disabled starlink and pulled
         | the circuit breaker in the case of MH370, I wouldn't be
         | surprised if the VCR and FDR reveal nothing once we find them.
        
           | belltaco wrote:
           | Maybe, but the recordings until that point would still be
           | available, so we would atleast hear what happened to the
           | copilot and what did they say etc.
           | 
           | How is that worse compared to now where we don't even know
           | where the plane is? Just the underwater search cost $200M,
           | with no results. Would've costed more if they didn't give up
           | so easily.
        
           | cm2187 wrote:
           | MH370 is maybe not a good example, but AF447 is a good one.
        
         | BobaFloutist wrote:
         | Yeah, they can use Starlink to stream it across X, then store
         | it (distributed, hashed, salted, and encrypted) in Tesla on-
         | board storage. Only gold verified X users would get to access
         | it without FAA permission.
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | I'm serious when Musk is in play people actually throw out
           | their brains just get some virtual upvotes. Or just make
           | incredibly stupid jokes.
           | 
           | SpaceX is US military contractor with very high security
           | clearance. Starlink is literally used in war against nation
           | state attackers.
        
             | TMWNN wrote:
             | It's not Musk, per se; it's that Musk is conflicting with
             | The Narrative(TM), thus is a target. At least HN is better
             | than Reddit, which is jam-packed with human NPCs, who react
             | in similarly predictable ways without intelligence.
             | 
             | A recent Reddit post discussed something positive about
             | Texas. The replies? Hundreds, maybe thousands, of comments
             | by Redditors, _all_ with no more content than some sneering
             | variant of  "Fix your electrical grid first", referring to
             | the harsh winter storm of 2021 that knocked out power to
             | much of the state. It was something to see.
             | 
             | If we can dismiss GPT as "just autocomplete", I can dismiss
             | all those Redditors in the same way; as NPCs. At least GPT
             | AI can produce useful and interesting output.
        
             | BobaFloutist wrote:
             | I actually think Starlink is a super cool project, even if
             | I wish someone else was in charge of it. I'm grateful that
             | Musk managed to make electric cars "cool", and that his
             | personality will make them more acceptable to conservatives
             | that might otherwise have a knee-jerk resistance, and I
             | think that Tesla actually did a lot to push the technology
             | and the economy of electric cars. I think it's wonderful
             | that we're investing more into space, even if, again, I
             | would prefer someone else to be in the drivers' seat.
             | 
             | I absolutely recognize Musk's contribution to things that I
             | value and respect.
             | 
             | I also think it's a little absurd how often he's brought up
             | in completely unrelated discussions. It's a little like how
             | whenever someone mentions that at-home electricity storage
             | is a bit of an open question, people bring up flywheels,
             | even though Powerwalls are a much more reasonable approach,
             | just because they think flywheels are rad. The amount of
             | times people try to shoehorn a Musk-related technology, (or
             | even say "Hey let's get Elon on this, I bet his infinite
             | money and brains could solve e.g. food distribution with um
             | drones and Starlink and Boring Company I don't know he'll
             | figure it out) makes it a little hard to take his biggest
             | proponents seriously.
        
         | dgrin91 wrote:
         | (1) Starlink for airplanes is very expensive. Multiply that by
         | many many thousands of planes and its $$$$$$$$.
         | 
         | (2) With that many planes you start to get into Starlink
         | bandwidth issues. Cant it support that many? I honestly don't
         | know
         | 
         | (3) Its a new complicated piece of equipment that may fail.
         | What if the transmitter is broken? Blackbox systems are much
         | simpler
         | 
         | (4) A lot of this data is already transmitted (speed, altitude,
         | position, etc, just not voice), so no need to build a system
         | for it.
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | There are many other system other then Starlink you could
           | also use. And most airlines already have these installed
           | anyway. And if a new plane costs minimum 25 million $, and
           | most cost 50 million $ or more, a few 1000s to safely record
           | data seems reasonable.
           | 
           | Bandwidth issue for a bunch of audio files? I think we can
           | figure that out.
           | 
           | > (3)
           | 
           | I don't think a single person would suggest we replace the
           | Blackbox. This would be in addition, not instead.
           | 
           | > (4)
           | 
           | I'm sue the plane produces lots of data that isn't
           | transmitted. It would generally be smart to transmit far more
           | data then we currently do and I'm not sure those methods are
           | up to large increases.
           | 
           | But if they are, then yes that would be good.
        
             | dgrin91 wrote:
             | For the cost - you are talking about the capex. Starlink
             | would go under opex, and thats where the margins lie. You
             | can probably make the numbers work, but no one wants to
             | touch this.
             | 
             | For bandwidth - there are typically around 10k planes in
             | the sky at any time, and that number typically grows. Thats
             | 10k audio files streaming at a time, all day, every day.
             | Add to that the nominal Starlink traffic that already
             | causes bandwidth issues and you end up with probably non-
             | trivial bandwidth issues until there is larger scaleup
        
           | axus wrote:
           | Passengers can get a decent network connection on planes
           | these days, no need to make a totally new system. But it's
           | best effort; I'd still want a local copy that's a separate
           | system from the uploaded audio.
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | Why starlink? Planes typically use Inmarsat which provides
         | better coverage.
         | 
         | Various aircraft data are already uploaded in flight ("stream"
         | would be an exaggeration though) as you can see from the MH370
         | example you cited. The data uploaded are increasing as
         | companies like Rolls-Royce become more of a data company.
         | 
         | The black boxes are pretty robust (assuming you can find them!)
         | and uploading the voice data is probably not worth the cost.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | > Planes typically use Inmarsat which provides better
           | coverage.
           | 
           | Ask the families of MH370 how well Inmarsat works.
        
             | hef19898 wrote:
             | If the pilot can disconnect Inmarsat, he can disconnect
             | Starlink. He might even be able to disconnect Twitter and
             | in-flight entertainment.
        
               | belltaco wrote:
               | But we would have the communications and real time
               | location till the disconnect happened. In case of MH370
               | and Alaska 737 those are lost. That would give us clues
               | as to what happened.
        
               | cccbbbaaa wrote:
               | We know where MH370 disappeared thanks to ADS-B, and
               | after it was disconnected, it was still seen by primary
               | radars.
        
         | meindnoch wrote:
         | Only if it's on a blockchain. _*checks calendar_ * oh sorry,
         | it's not 2021.
        
         | benhurmarcel wrote:
         | Currently it's fairly common that a lot of flight data is
         | logged during the flight, and transmitted to a server via 4G
         | when on ground.
         | 
         | It doesn't help when the aircraft gets destroyed, but it does
         | create fairly big databases for analysis and preventive
         | maintenance.
        
       | cptcobalt wrote:
       | This is a proposal from the NTSB to the FAA to raise the CVR
       | recording time from 2 hours to 25 hours, in line with ICAO. This
       | is very likable scenario for everyone except pilots unions.
       | 
       | > The NTSB has conducted 10 investigations since 2018 where the
       | CVR was overwritten, including four runway incursions, Homendy
       | said.
       | 
       | I tuned into the NTSB press brief last night, and they emphasized
       | understanding communication is important for the best accident
       | analysis. Homendy stated that they now do not have any record of
       | communication between the flight deck and cabin.
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | Why stop at 25? Record all of every flight and archive it.
         | 
         | Develop a standardized structure to make it searchable by
         | different factors or combinations of factors (e.g., 777 model
         | later than Z & decending & outside temp < X & throttle is > Y &
         | etc.) When there's an accident, you could review similar
         | circumstances.
         | 
         | From my ignorant perspective on air safety, it would seem to be
         | a gold mine.
        
           | H8crilA wrote:
           | This industry is ridiculously slow compared to IT. Air
           | traffic comms (both voice AM and text ACARS/VDL) are not only
           | not encrypted, but also crucially not even authenticated. So
           | you can send text messages and speak to any aircraft at any
           | privilege level (just say you're ATC) with a simple SDR. Or
           | you can spoof a faulty engine message on the downlink
           | channel.
        
             | teovall wrote:
             | The antiquated AM mode and the lack of encryption or even
             | digital encoding is a safety feature for air traffic voice
             | communications. Very weak signals still have a chance of
             | being intelligible and if two signals are transmitted at
             | once on the same frequency, both can still be heard.
        
               | H8crilA wrote:
               | Yeah but it's terrible for security. Also digital modes
               | work just fine at the same range - I have no problem
               | hearing ADS-B messages from up to 200mi away from my
               | ground level antenna, where the max range is only limited
               | by the curvature of the planet.
               | 
               | And note that the real problem is with authentication
               | (MACs, or digital signatures), not encryption. Public
               | availability of those records is actually probably
               | beneficial. It's a common misconception to think that you
               | need to encrypt while in reality you perhaps need to
               | encrypt, but first you absolutely must authenticate.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | Is this an actual problem that is happening in practice,
               | though? How many instances of "unauthenticated" airband
               | communication have caused an accident? I don't know. Even
               | if the answer is nonzero, I'd be willing to bet it's less
               | than ten in decades.
        
               | H8crilA wrote:
               | There was a guy in Berlin who was issuing fake landing
               | clearances recently: https://aviation.direct/en/berlin-
               | falscher-fluglotse-narrte-...
               | 
               | It took 6 months to find him, and mind you that that guy
               | was the opposite of clever (he was talking from his
               | bathtub, from what I remember, and he started out not
               | even knowing the ATC language).
               | 
               | Also, it really makes sense to think ahead just a bit,
               | you know. Not everything has to be triggered with an
               | accident, and in this case we're likely talking about
               | terrorism, since no one would do this without realising
               | just how bad the legal consequences are.
        
               | tjohns wrote:
               | You don't really need more security, because if a pilot
               | gets an ATC instruction that doesn't make sense, they're
               | going to question it. Pilots aren't following
               | instructions blindly, everything is mentally cross-
               | checked against what we expect should be happening for
               | situational awareness. (And ATC would also hear the
               | interloper and immediately speak up.)
               | 
               | On top of that, almost everyone in the US also has some
               | form of collision avoidance technology now, as well
               | (either TCAS or ADS-B).
               | 
               | And there's plenty of times where the only time I could
               | hear ATC was with the squelch full open, trying to pick a
               | faint signal out through the static. Digital modes are
               | terrible for this.
        
               | H8crilA wrote:
               | Eh, I get a lot of pushback in this thread. But I'll
               | reply.
               | 
               | We're talking about something like a landing clearance.
               | It doesn't have to be completely off the chart. And yes
               | you can inject a message like that successfully, without
               | the ATC ever knowing.
               | 
               | TCAS is equally broken - doesn't have authentication
               | codes / signatures. It's actually more vulnerable since
               | it has higher priority than ATC.
               | 
               | Digital modes can encode speech more efficiently than
               | analog modes, thus reaching further on the same link
               | budget. For example ADS-B is "audible" as far as the
               | curvature of the planet allows - my own antenna can hear
               | messages from up to 200mi away.
               | 
               | It really is a serious problem.
        
               | tjohns wrote:
               | At least in the ham radio community, experience is that
               | digital radio sounds better further, but at the extreme
               | ends of signal reception the digital signal becomes
               | completely unusable before an analog signal becomes
               | unintelligible.
               | 
               | See: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliff_effect
               | 
               | https://www.selby.com.au/blog/what-is-the-digital-cliff-2
               | 
               | Up in the air, I can also hear AM analog voice
               | transmissions from 200 miles away, so that's not really a
               | good measure of performance. Both modes already do that.
               | Benefit of having an unobstructed line of sight from
               | several miles of altitude. :)
        
               | H8crilA wrote:
               | I mean, to put it simply it would just work with a
               | digital mode. But that's not the point, the main point is
               | that there is no authentication mechanism. Such systems
               | are indeed being abused, for example trains were recently
               | halted in Poland. This happened because they have an un-
               | authenticated channel of communication that allows anyone
               | to do that:
               | 
               | https://cybernews.com/news/century-old-technology-hack-
               | broug...
               | 
               | It's only a matter of time before this happens in
               | aviation, but unlike in the trains case it doesn't have
               | to be just an availability problem (all trains stopped
               | safely), it can be a "remote code execution" problem.
        
             | psunavy03 wrote:
             | This is an annoyance, not a safety issue. No aircrew is
             | just going to blindly follow instructions routing them off
             | to east Jesus after they already understand where they're
             | going and how they're cleared to get there. What's more, on
             | any given freq, you're talking to one controller.
             | 
             | And if another voice comes over the freq giving you
             | instructions that don't make sense, the response is going
             | to be a polite version of "WTF?"
        
               | H8crilA wrote:
               | Why do you think the ATC will hear it? You can use a high
               | gain antenna. Also, you can play some really nasty tricks
               | with things that override the ATC, such as TCAS. Or
               | things that are independent of the ATC, like that faulty
               | engine readings sent over ACARS that I mentioned earlier.
               | 
               | There really is no way to do it safe without
               | authentication codes or digital signatures.
               | 
               | PS. And the readback can be just jammed.
        
               | seabass-labrax wrote:
               | You're absouletly right. Here's a pretty good article
               | covering some of the attacks that could be done against
               | radio navigation systems:
               | 
               | https://arstechnica.com/information-
               | technology/2019/05/the-r...
               | 
               | On a foggy day when the visibility is right at minimums,
               | I can imagine a huge risk of aircraft being sent off-
               | course right before landing. Hopefully the pilots would
               | still be able to recover the situation - the TOGA button
               | is right there on the thrust levers on most aircraft -
               | but nobody is infallible.
               | 
               | I would imagine that some military transport aircraft
               | have backup, INS-based navigation systems that create a
               | synthetic glidepath without external radio signals.
               | Airbus have been trying to introduce such systems on
               | commercial airliners for quite a while, although that is
               | intended to allow landing on more remote runways rather
               | than specifically to improve security against malicious
               | interference.
               | 
               | All that is to say that the lack of fatal aviation
               | accidents that we know were caused by malicious radio
               | interference doesn't in any way make the attack less
               | feasible.
               | 
               | Digital signatures, even with conventional X509
               | certificates straight out of the OpenSSL library, would
               | go a long way to mitigate this risk. What about the risk
               | of the signatures failing? The worst-case scenario is
               | that the pilots get a warning on their ECAM display:
               | "Comms not secure". That should at least alert them to
               | the possibility of false readings even if it can't
               | correct them.
        
               | psunavy03 wrote:
               | I don't think you have a very good grasp of how aircraft
               | operate under instrument flight rules. Lots of what
               | you're describing is along the same lines as saying "if
               | whole bunches of people decided to start crashing into
               | things or firing sniper rifles from overpasses, it'd
               | create major havoc on the roads, and therefore our roads
               | are insecure." Well, duh. But until there's a credible
               | threat of that occurring, it's not worth worrying about.
        
               | H8crilA wrote:
               | It takes just 1 person who knows a bit about radio and
               | aviation and maybe $1000-$2000 worth of hardware to pull
               | off such an attack. And we know that terror organisations
               | go to much further lengths to make it to the press
               | headlines.
        
               | psunavy03 wrote:
               | If a terror organization wanted to do that, they'd
               | probably end up using rifles or missiles.
               | 
               | https://xkcd.com/538/
        
               | H8crilA wrote:
               | Rifles do not reach airplanes, and SAM systems are quite
               | tightly controlled. For example Hamas is unable to take
               | out even any of the slow piston engine Israeli
               | surveillance drones. They have a name for them in Arabic,
               | you can hear the sound of the drone in almost any footage
               | from Gaza.
        
           | burnerthrow008 wrote:
           | Exactly!
           | 
           | And while we're at it, why stop with CVRs? Software is a key
           | component of all engineering domains today, and thus a
           | critical safety factor.
           | 
           | All MacBooks (the most popular developer machine today) have
           | built-in microphones. We should using them to record all dev
           | conversations (after all, there's zero incremental hardware
           | cost to doing so), as well as all keystrokes of anyone who
           | writes software, 24/7, so that we can retrospectively analyze
           | why they failed to avoid writing buggy code and the decisions
           | that led to it.
           | 
           | Everyone who has had their PII leaked will rejoice, knowing
           | that we can finally "get" those nasty open- and closed-source
           | developers who created CVEs.
           | 
           | "B-b-but, that's different!"
        
             | cheschire wrote:
             | But it _is_ different. Your message could 've had an
             | entirely different tone that would have provided a
             | thoughtful yet tangential analogy. Instead you've chosen a
             | specious strawman approach for some reason.
             | 
             | There's a clear and obvious difference between a self-
             | important person who writes software and a person who
             | pilots hundreds of folks over top of thousands of other
             | folks in a slow and only mildly explosive missile.
        
               | abadpoli wrote:
               | That mildly-explosive missile has software running on it
               | too. So do a lot of actual missiles, for that matter.
               | 
               | If we record every action of the pilot of a plane, why
               | wouldn't we also record every action of the developers
               | who wrote the autopilot software, or the fly-by-wire
               | software?
        
               | mvdtnz wrote:
               | Because the developers don't need to make snap decisions
               | under stressful conditions with lives at stake. If you
               | can't see the difference, sorry, that's on you.
        
               | abadpoli wrote:
               | Making snap decisions under stressful conditions has
               | nothing to do with recording actions for later root cause
               | analysis. If you can't see the difference, sorry, that's
               | on you.
        
               | cheschire wrote:
               | Recording every action of a pilot in the performance of
               | their job, vice recording every action of a pilot in
               | their daily goings on. These are two different things.
               | 
               | As a developer, every final action is also recorded in
               | the performance of their job. That's what Git is for, and
               | that history lasts for quite a lot longer than 2 hours.
        
               | abadpoli wrote:
               | You're not seeing the parallels.
               | 
               | The original comment suggested recording every action
               | from the cockpit and using it for analytical data. The
               | final action isn't the goal. The steps and discussion
               | that got them to the final action is. Hence recording
               | every step the pilot takes, and the equivalent would be
               | also recording every discussion that the software
               | developer made that influenced them to write the code the
               | way they did.
               | 
               | Saying "the git commit is there, that should be good
               | enough to know the result" is like saying "the pilot
               | landed the plane, that should be good enough to know the
               | result". Why do we even need CVRs at all? The final
               | action is right there, right?
               | 
               | So again, why record everything the pilot says but not
               | everything the developer that wrote the autopilot says?
        
               | oarsinsync wrote:
               | I think we already record the git-equivalent of pilot
               | data: telemetry from the plane (the inputs, the actions)
               | are already logged.
               | 
               | If 'directly responsible for lives' is the rationale for
               | voice recording pilots in the course of their jobs, and
               | not developers, since developers are not directly
               | responsible, but indirectly responsible, can we also
               | expand the list of professions to include _always_
               | recording police, firemen, and all medical professionals
               | all the time.
               | 
               | I suspect making sure that surgeons know that anything
               | they say during the course of their job, can and will be
               | held against them in a court of law, will not serve to
               | improve the quality of the work they do.
        
             | deelowe wrote:
             | It is. 100s of people don't fall from the sky if your
             | laptop experiences a critical error.
        
               | abadpoli wrote:
               | Sure they do:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software_bugs
        
             | green-eclipse wrote:
             | This is a wildly unserious argument.
        
             | robertoandred wrote:
             | As if all email/Slack convos aren't already saved and
             | archived...
        
           | purpleblue wrote:
           | Have multiple cameras on every airplane and record absolutely
           | everything so that pilots and passengers both have skin in
           | the game. We are relying on individual phone cams to record
           | events which is stupid. We are in an age where this kind of
           | information is already pushed on police officers and the
           | public in general. The amount of safety information we can
           | get will be extremely invaluable, especially with something
           | like a catastrophic failure like this 737 MAX failure.
        
           | t0mas88 wrote:
           | Voice recording is a big privacy concern for the crew. This
           | is our workplace, so you would be recording every
           | conversation, also any idle chat of which there is quite a
           | lot in cruise flight. The current voice recording is only
           | accepted by the crew with the agreement that it is not
           | stored, and can only be pulled after a serious incident in
           | which case there will be a no-blame investigation.
           | 
           | But what you're trying to solve, already exists without the
           | voice recording part. It's called FOQA or Flight Operations
           | Quality Assurance. Mandatory for airlines in Europe, not yet
           | mandatory in the US but may be in the future.
           | 
           | It records hundreds of parameters from engine indications to
           | touchdown speed, G-loading, control inputs etc. Automatically
           | uploaded to the operator and tracked for the whole fleet.
           | That data is de-identified and used for safety analysis and
           | improvement.
        
             | mvdtnz wrote:
             | Respectfully, it is your workplace in which you're
             | responsible for the lives of thousands of people each week.
             | I don't think it's unreasonable to keep proper tabs.
        
               | eitland wrote:
               | Respectfully: the pilots have been doing an absolutely
               | excellent job with it for decades without us having to
               | destroy their privacy.
               | 
               | An argument can easily be made that this extra stress
               | will make flying less safe.
               | 
               | Edit: my next car will probably have mandatory spyware
               | and unlike pilots there won't be a guaranteed no blame
               | process if something happens. It is pretty easy to see
               | how this will be abused by insurance companies and data
               | harvesters.
               | 
               | I think I kind of understand the processes that lead to
               | this. But I seriously wish tech people wouldn't be
               | accepting it and even argue for it.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | > Edit: my next car will probably have mandatory spyware
               | and unlike pilots there won't be a guaranteed no blame
               | process if something happens. It is pretty easy to see
               | how this will be abused by insurance companies and data
               | harvesters.
               | 
               | If anything, the proliferation of dash cams will (and
               | have) lead to bad drivers being appropriately charged
               | more for insurance than good drivers. Previously, if you
               | were cut off and collided with someone, you were always
               | assumed to be at fault if you were behind the other
               | driver.
        
               | zarzavat wrote:
               | People have a reasonable expectation of privacy in their
               | workplace. But expecting safety measures that could
               | potentially prevent hundreds of deaths to be limited to
               | preserve employee privacy is not reasonable.
        
               | KolmogorovComp wrote:
               | Couldn't you say about population mass surveillance too?
        
               | eitland wrote:
               | As I argue above pilots already have an excellent safety
               | record.
               | 
               | Have you considered what the extra stress of considering
               | ones every word during a long and stressful day can do to
               | someones concentration?
               | 
               | I mean many, the thoughts about what they said earlier
               | this morning is bad enough even if it wasn't recorded.
               | 
               | We already record a couple of hours or so. If you want to
               | record more, it is up to you to come up with data for how
               | many more air traffic accidents we can solve and also to
               | explain how we can know that it won't make air traffic
               | more dangerous.
        
               | mcculley wrote:
               | It is reasonable that passengers know that the desires
               | for the crew to have "idle chat" are less important than
               | safety. But t0mas88 made clear that what is reasonable is
               | less important than what is "accepted by the crew". The
               | crew apparently makes the decisions on safety matters.
        
               | t0mas88 wrote:
               | The crew makes a lot of decisions on safety matters,
               | that's basically the most important part of the job :-)
               | 
               | But joking aside, in most places there are checks and
               | balances between privacy impact and benefit. We all
               | accept that some government agencies know some of our
               | data, because the net benefit to society is bigger than
               | the loss of privacy. And you would normally try to do
               | such things in the least invasive way possible while
               | achieving the benefit.
               | 
               | Where you go wrong in your passenger rant, is in assuming
               | there is a big safety benefit in more recording of
               | pilots. There were a total of 2 fatalities on US airlines
               | in the last 10 years [1], while billions of passengers
               | were transported. The safety record of airline transport
               | is stellar, without more recording. So yes, I believe it
               | is very reasonable to consider what is and isn't
               | acceptable to the crew being recorded.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.airlines.org/dataset/safety-record-of-u-
               | s-air-ca...
        
               | mcculley wrote:
               | Passenger rant?
               | 
               | If ICAO can require keeping 25 hours why should a crew
               | get to choose 2?
        
               | CaptainZapp wrote:
               | I mostly agree with your take. Alas, I think it's
               | ridiculous to fight a 25 hour recording requirement with
               | the privacy argument.
               | 
               | The recording should anyway only be retrieved under
               | specific conditions and in a controlled environment.
               | 
               | In this specific case the longer recording duration may
               | have actually aided the investigation and thus further
               | improve airline safety.
        
               | t0mas88 wrote:
               | Agree. My comment was responding to someone saying "Why
               | stop at 25? Record all of every flight and archive it."
               | 
               | There is also more nuance to the debate around the 25
               | hours change. Like you say it should only be used under
               | specific conditions and in a controlled environment, but
               | in the US unfortunately recordings have been leaked and
               | have been used for disciplinary purposes instead of a
               | blame-less investigation for safety.
               | 
               | Europe has had rules for 25 hour recording since 2021, as
               | far as I know without any opposition. But European
               | recordings have also not been misused before.
        
               | volkl48 wrote:
               | "Idle chat" is important for safety.
               | 
               | - They need to work well together, and the better rapport
               | they have with each other the better they're likely to
               | perform in an actual incident. Regular interaction on the
               | job is a part of that.
               | 
               | - They work a job that is often remarkably boring for
               | much of the time. Drowsiness setting in is a real concern
               | - a degree of social interaction is good at both keeping
               | people engaged, and at helping them gauge how alert the
               | other crew members are.
        
               | mcculley wrote:
               | I operate tug boats. It is also remarkably boring for
               | much of the time. The crew knows that they have no
               | privacy when in the wheelhouse operating hundreds of tons
               | of steel. They do have privacy when not on watch.
               | Regardless, decisions around safety are not made by what
               | is "accepted by the crew".
        
               | mcculley wrote:
               | > "Idle chat" is important for safety.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterile_flight_deck_rule
               | 
               | I agree that the crew should feel free to chat. And when
               | there is an accident, they should expect that the
               | recordings are kept.
        
               | notpushkin wrote:
               | > during critical phases of flight
        
               | consumer451 wrote:
               | > Respectfully, it is your workplace in which you're
               | responsible for the lives of thousands of people each
               | week. I don't think it's unreasonable to keep proper
               | tabs.
               | 
               | Should all medical device software developers have the
               | entirety of their working lives be archived in a similar
               | manner?
        
               | saalweachter wrote:
               | Eh, as a software engineer, every piece of text I produce
               | -- from chat to email to memes -- is sitting around,
               | archived and backed up, for years if not longer, waiting
               | to be combed through and potentially taken out of
               | context. A great deal of that is social, idle chat, or
               | complaining about my employer, or outright gossip.
               | 
               | First they came for, etc, but they came for me a long
               | time ago.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | But they're not archiving your chit-chat with your
               | coworkers over the water cooler. For pilots, they are (in
               | the cockpit). So I can halfway see the pilots' point.
               | 
               | [Edit: I mean, _voice_ chit-chat. Just talking to each
               | other. That gets recorded for pilots, and not for
               | software engineers, no matter how long they keep our
               | (text) chats for. Stuff gets said in person, by voice,
               | that would never get typed out in a chat.]
        
               | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
               | I would be shocked if most companies are not maintaining
               | long duration archives of employee emails, Slack, Teams,
               | whatever medium.
               | 
               | Chat logs are tiny.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | I'd be shocked if most companies are retaining these logs
               | longer than the legally mandated minimum. This kind of
               | information is radioactive from a legal perspective.
               | Slack and Teams even advertise automated deletion as a
               | feature.
        
               | volkl48 wrote:
               | Long-duration archives can be used against the company in
               | a lawsuit - whoever's suing you would _love_ to get
               | decades of material to look through to help make their
               | case.
               | 
               | As such, it's a large liability, and most companies
               | retain those sorts of records for the minimum amount of
               | time acceptable by law/regulation/customary expectations.
        
               | consumer451 wrote:
               | The equivalent of what you described is archiving your
               | outputs. In flight, that would be a pilot's flight
               | control inputs. That seems entirely uninvasive.
               | 
               | The equivalent of an always-on cockpit voice recorder
               | would be... screen recording all of your digital devices
               | during working hours? And, turn a mic on just to be safe?
        
               | saalweachter wrote:
               | It's not just my work output, though.
               | 
               | I'm a _programmer_ on a team with _other programmers_ ,
               | many of us _remote_.
               | 
               | We're not standing around a water-cooler talking. We're
               | on team chats. We're reply-all'ing to email-chains. We're
               | sharing memes. Half the time we talk across chat when
               | we're sitting in the same room.
               | 
               | These aren't formal design docs or code output [the
               | analogy to flight controls], this _is_ our water-cooler
               | talk, and it can all be subpoenaed in a variety of
               | situations, to be read into court record and taken out of
               | context for the rest of time.
        
               | consumer451 wrote:
               | That sounds like a fair point.
               | 
               | But are all zoom calls required to be archived,
               | specifically in the medical device industry?
               | 
               | Certainly you have the option to make a phone call to a
               | teammate, or walk over to someone if not remote, and say
               | something without any record. Don't you?
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Which, if a company has a policy of recording all work
               | communications, sounds a bit like you're bypassing the
               | monitoring systems in place.
               | 
               | Mind you, that is how people mostly work anyway. Even if
               | I generally trust an employer to not be intrusively
               | monitoring my communications, for anything sensitive I'm
               | ideally going to talk in person or failing that, at least
               | go with a personal cell call.
        
               | saalweachter wrote:
               | I mean, a pilot subject to constant audio recording could
               | learn ASL, or scribble notes on a piece of paper, or
               | whisper in someone's ear.
               | 
               | But we aren't talking about how to circumvent monitoring.
               | We're talking about working when your idle socializing
               | (while working) is monitored and logged.
        
               | theultdev wrote:
               | Yes, and talks between air traffic control and pilots are
               | recorded.
               | 
               | Would you be okay with a recorder being beside your desk
               | at all times? Catching every conversation, even personal
               | ones?
               | 
               | Currently it's your choice to participate in sending
               | memes over email. You also have the choice to walk over
               | and have a private conversation.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | > Eh, as a software engineer, every piece of text I
               | produce -- from chat to email to memes -- is sitting
               | around, archived and backed up, for years if not longer,
               | waiting to be combed through and potentially taken out of
               | context.
               | 
               | If this is true your legal team is committing
               | malpractice.
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | You have no way of knowing this is the case unless you
               | know where they work, the industry they operate in, the
               | country they live in, the country their employer is
               | domiciled in, and what agreements they've signed prior to
               | and during employment.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | True I made an assumption and skipped the qualifiers.
               | That's how I keep my comment word count below 450,000.
        
               | dzhiurgis wrote:
               | More akin to doctors and nurse rooms to be monitored
               | which sounds fair.
        
               | consumer451 wrote:
               | Sounds like you will be a big fan of Neuralink
               | Archive(r)!
               | 
               | But seriously, why did you skip over the software devs?
               | Their errors could kill many more people than a bad
               | doctor.
        
               | dzhiurgis wrote:
               | Because software dev work is certified and doctors/nurses
               | are allowed to do whatever they want - starting with
               | patient abuse and ending with drug and alcohol abuse.
               | 
               | Right now tons of public activity is monitored already
               | but almost in all cases it's to catch customer abuse and
               | never for business abuse. Monitoring everything 100% will
               | become one of the greatest equalisers. Only people
               | rejecting this are people in abusive power.
        
               | streb-lo wrote:
               | Social media has a way higher impact on human well being
               | than aviation safety; maybe we should record all idle
               | chatter and boardroom meetings of people working at these
               | companies to ascertain liability when we finally realize
               | they're akin to tobacco companies.
        
               | t0mas88 wrote:
               | Why do you think it's needed to record all conversations
               | to "keep proper tabs"? That's purely a gut feeling based
               | on no data at all.
               | 
               | Aviation is by far the safest form of transportation. In
               | the last 10 years of data (2012-2021) there were a total
               | of 2 passenger fatalities on US airlines across several
               | billion passengers for that time period [1].
               | 
               | If you want to start recording workplaces to improve
               | safety, there are a lot of industries to look at before
               | aviation.
               | 
               | [1]. https://www.airlines.org/dataset/safety-record-of-u-
               | s-air-ca...
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | > If you want to start recording workplaces to improve
               | safety, there are a lot of industries to look at before
               | aviation.
               | 
               | This is irrelevant to the discussion about recording
               | pilots.
        
               | lttlrck wrote:
               | We already looked at policing. Police unions have a
               | similar stance about body-cams? They are more invasive
               | because they follow officers to the bathroom, and I am
               | sure they're are safety/effectivenes stats that argue
               | those are unnecessary.
               | 
               | Most civilians don't seem to have much sympathy.
        
               | t0mas88 wrote:
               | Police unions indeed have similar objections. That's why
               | police officers can turn their cameras on and off
               | themselves, so they are not recorded when talking to a
               | colleague or going to the bathroom:
               | https://www.engadget.com/police-reform-bill-body-
               | cameras-215...
        
               | queuebert wrote:
               | I've often thought we should record all surgeries so that
               | the patient can view them later. Wouldn't you want to
               | know what is done to your body while you're under
               | anesthesia? Of course surgeons will fight this, but
               | aren't we entitled to know what happens to our bodies?
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Even just regular doctor appointments. People are paying
               | hundreds of dollars for 5 minutes of a doctors' time, and
               | they have no way to have someone double check if a doctor
               | did or did not check something they should have.
               | 
               | I have looked at my kids' pediatrician visit summaries,
               | and they will state "doctor did this and that", when I
               | know for a fact the doctor did not. So I have to send a
               | mychart message to document that the doctor did not do
               | those things.
               | 
               | Now, I understand that excessive liability is probably
               | driving doctors to do unnecessary things and so 95% of
               | the time, there is no ill intent, but rather shrewd
               | judgment of not wasting time, however writing (or copy
               | pasting) a false visit summary is not the answer.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | I have never tried recording a doctor visit. Is that
               | something a doctor would would resist?
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | This is already a thing. My grandfather got a video of
               | his cataract surgery. A friend of mine got a video of his
               | arthroscopic knee repair.
        
             | vimax wrote:
             | And what are your thoughts on police body cams?
        
               | skinkestek wrote:
               | Not th0mas88, but my thoughts: police body cams are a
               | whole different story.
               | 
               | For one police officers are often able to turn on and off
               | recording themselves, so it becomes as much of a
               | protection for them as for everyone else. That is: if
               | they are good police officers.
               | 
               | Secondly, unlike pilots, the police force in many
               | countries _does not have a stellar track record_.
               | 
               | Edit: I do have some concerns. Yes, police brutality
               | absolutely exists. But there also seems to exist a subset
               | of the population - also represented here - who think
               | police can be like superman and whenever they aren't
               | that's because they are evil and enjoy harming innocents.
        
               | t0mas88 wrote:
               | Police body cams are not "always on", the officer turns
               | the camera on when they're interacting with the public
               | and turn it off when they're in their car talking to a
               | colleague: https://www.engadget.com/police-reform-bill-
               | body-cameras-215...
               | 
               | So I guess they had similar objections to being recorded
               | 24x7 and that was accommodated in the rules around body
               | cams.
        
             | Dah00n wrote:
             | I can't follow the logic of how a recording is not
             | stressful in the two hours it is stored, but then suddenly
             | becomes stressful when it has been stored for 2+ hours?
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | Then you lack imagination. Perpetual recording has a
               | chilling effect on communication.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Imagine you knew every on-the-clock interaction you had
               | with a colleague was being stored away someplace that an
               | unspecified number of people had access to as "needed."
               | I'm pretty sure most developers here would object pretty
               | strongly to such an arrangement (and would probably get
               | onto ways to circumvent it).
        
             | robertoandred wrote:
             | Does anyone have privacy at work outside the restrooms?
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Assuming you're talking about a physical workplace?
               | Yes... most places.
               | 
               | When I go into the office to meet with customers or
               | whatever, there aren't cameras and microphones
               | everywhere. I can use a personal cell phone (which is all
               | I have these days anyway). And, honestly, for something
               | personal but not in any way getting into legal issues, I
               | have no problem communicating over chat or a video call.
        
             | thomastjeffery wrote:
             | If the concern is privacy, then access should be the focus,
             | not time.
             | 
             | So long as the recording is properly encrypted, and the
             | access is properly managed, privacy will be preserved.
             | 
             | If those things aren't true, then there is a privacy
             | violation, regardless of the 2 hour time constraint.
        
           | benhurmarcel wrote:
           | This already exists for aircraft parameters. Not audio.
        
           | DrNosferatu wrote:
           | [read me elsewhere]
        
             | garciasn wrote:
             | In this case it would be the airline pilot and/or flight
             | attendant unions.
        
           | spuz wrote:
           | I can't find it now, but there was a Reddit thread from a US
           | flight instructor at the time of the China Eastern Airlines
           | crash of 2022 who had previously trained pilots in China. He
           | claimed the airline policy was to record cockpit audio of
           | every single flight and have multiple people review that
           | flight for anomalies. Any deviation from the standard
           | procedure was logged and marked against the offending pilot.
           | The pilots were extremely reluctant to act outside the
           | guidelines of their training in a way that this person
           | thought put safety at risk.
           | 
           | As you can imagine, this is not a situation that US pilots
           | want to be subject to and they are probably right that safety
           | would actually be made worse.
        
       | meepmorp wrote:
       | > Pilots have also opposed the move [to add 25 hr recording],
       | with the union representing pilots for air-freight company Atlas
       | Air telling the FAA the longer recordings would be an invasion of
       | worker privacy.
       | 
       | > "(It) would significantly infringe upon the privacy rights of
       | pilots and other flight crew members, as well as drastically
       | increase the likelihood that CVR recordings will be misused or
       | disseminated without authorization," the union said in a Dec. 28
       | response to the FAA's 25-hour proposal.
       | 
       | I'm not sure I agree that flight crews of passenger aircraft
       | should have an expectation of privacy while flying planes. It
       | seems like one of those kinds of jobs where the risks involved
       | and need to gather forensic data in the event of an accident
       | should outweigh the pilots' privacy concerns. Maybe add some
       | regulation w.r.t. disseminating the recordings outside of
       | releases by the NTSB as part of accident investigations.
        
         | JohnBooty wrote:
         | It seems like one of those kinds of jobs          where the
         | risks involved and need to gather          forensic data in the
         | event of an accident          should outweigh the pilots'
         | privacy concerns
         | 
         | Reading between the lines, I think the concern is that pretty
         | much any flight might contain minute violations of things like
         | the "sterile flight deck rule"[1] and it would probably be easy
         | to find a reason to fire any given pilot if airlines could just
         | comb through endless amounts of recordings.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterile_flight_deck_rule
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | If you're chitchatting in the cockpit and that causes things to
         | get missed, that's very pertinent to the investigation. I don't
         | care if that chitchat is about some sportsball banter, some
         | personal info about relationships/work/etc, or anything. If you
         | can't focus on the job while you're on the job, that's
         | something that needs to be understood. So I'm very much in
         | agreement that this privacy claim is nonsense when these
         | "private" conversations directly affect the lives of 150+
         | passengers/crew. It's not like a couple of coders chatting
         | away. Lives are not on the line.
        
           | wkat4242 wrote:
           | Not chitchatting during takeoff, approach and landing is
           | actually a requirement. It's called the sterile cockpit rule.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterile_flight_deck_rule
        
         | KolmogorovComp wrote:
         | Could it be encrypted with a key only the NTSB has?
        
         | badwolf wrote:
         | Weird how the "privacy heavy" EU manages to have 25 hr
         | recording requirements...
        
           | burnerthrow008 wrote:
           | Yea, weird how CVR recordings don't leak over there.
           | 
           | You could probably overcome the pilot objections if there
           | were real penalties for misappropriating the recordings, like
           | they have in the "privacy heavy EU". As it stands _today,_
           | the pilot objections aren 't really unreasonable.
        
       | ginko wrote:
       | How much data can 25h of voice and instrument recordings be? Even
       | with multiple channels and uncompressed it can barely be more
       | than a couple gigabytes.
        
         | frakt0x90 wrote:
         | Idk how the devices work but if you have to replace them to get
         | the extra capacity, it would still cost the airlines money, and
         | the FAA has historically been very friendly with airlines.
        
           | peterleiser wrote:
           | It's not about cost or technology. The pilot's union is
           | against longer recordings.
        
             | hef19898 wrote:
             | And cost, according to a FAA quote in the linked article.
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | Retrofit would cost money. But mandating years ago that
               | new planes and anything going throw certain levels of
               | maintenance would have update would not be that
               | expensive.
        
             | FirmwareBurner wrote:
             | Why is that?
        
         | don_neufeld wrote:
         | You're applying a technical standard to a people problem.
         | 
         | The issue here is likely legal liability, as evidenced by the
         | pilot's union opposition to longer recordings.
        
         | polpo wrote:
         | Given that Boeing currently has to ship planes to Europe with
         | 25 hours of recording capacity, and that this plane is only a
         | few months old, I'd guess it already has 25 hours of capacity
         | and it's artificially limited to 2 because it was shipped to
         | the US, due to the opposition from pilot's unions.
        
           | hef19898 wrote:
           | Not necessarily, could very well be that US planes are
           | shipped without 25 hours of recording capacity.
        
             | sleepybrett wrote:
             | Don't be so dense. Even if that is the case, it it probably
             | is not, there exists a certified flight recorder module
             | with 25h capacity. They should not have to go through any
             | 'soup to nuts' certification process for a new module with
             | this capacity. They could simply take the current module
             | they use in europe, give it a quick once over ( assuming
             | european standards are at least as strict as american
             | standards.. which i'm sure they are ) and say 'yup, buy and
             | install those in all new craft'.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | Aircraft certification is, well, peculiar. And believe
               | me, modifying a delivered aircraft is nowhere near as
               | easy as "install that certified box", because said box
               | has to be compatible with the aircraft you want to
               | install it on.
               | 
               | And as I said, no idea how US-only aircraft differ,
               | hardware and software wise, from their European airspace
               | brethren. Do no, it is propably not as easy as going into
               | maintenance mode and set a toghle from 2 to 25 hours on
               | the voice recorder firmware.
        
       | appplication wrote:
       | Yeah, this is an inane, self-inflicted, and completely trivially
       | solvable problem.
       | 
       | The voice recorder overwrites itself on a two-hour loop. Two
       | hours of voice data takes about a gigabyte of space at most.
       | There is no technical barrier to right sizing this, and there is
       | nothing special about the aerospace use case that prevents it.
       | 
       | Why would anyone think a two-hour buffer for something so
       | critical would be appropriate? And why would it continue to
       | overwrite itself after it's grounded? Why is there no backup? Has
       | it never been thought relevant to gather, say, an entire flights
       | worth of data instead?
       | 
       | This highlights a complete failure on multiple levels and an
       | inability to critically think about the problem space. How much
       | time was spent implementing a system that under most
       | circumstances where it would be needed would render itself
       | entirely useless?
        
         | hattmall wrote:
         | >most circumstances where it would be needed
         | 
         | I think if the plane is still operational for 2 hours then the
         | data is a lot less important than the alternative scenarios.
        
           | mattmaroon wrote:
           | In this particular case it doesn't seem very useful at all.
           | The pilots had no idea why the door plug ejected. They landed
           | the plane as per normal. They are still alive to tell us what
           | they did know, which is probably nothing relevant.
        
         | willcipriano wrote:
         | > Why would anyone think a two-hour buffer for something so
         | critical would be appropriate?
         | 
         | Probably people in the 70s who thought having a recording at
         | all is star trek stuff.
        
           | pavlov wrote:
           | That would be the same 1970s when the American president was
           | forced to resign because of the extensive voice recordings he
           | made.
           | 
           | This wasn't sci-fi stuff even back then.
        
           | washadjeffmad wrote:
           | Tape recorders are a century old, and tape loops were how
           | answering machines, toys, instruments like the Melotron, and
           | many other devices worked until the digital era.
           | 
           | There a lot of things today that are less human-usable than
           | they were a half-century ago, but also much more flexible and
           | less expensive. We're still in a weird transitional phase
           | post-transistor.
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | From the article:
         | 
         | >Debate about whether to adopt the longer recording standard
         | weighs considerations about cost and privacy implications
         | against safety.
         | 
         | >The U.S. FAA has previously rejected the NTSB's call for
         | mandating the retrofitting aircraft with new cockpit voice
         | recorders, saying the costs would be significant at $741
         | million versus $196 million under incremental upgrades it
         | proposed.
         | 
         | >Pilots have also opposed the move, with the union representing
         | pilots for air-freight company Atlas Air telling the FAA the
         | longer recordings would be an invasion of worker privacy.
         | 
         | Whether or not a "technical barrier" exists is a non-sequitur.
         | Just because you can get a $10 audio recorder on aliexpress
         | that records 200 hours, doesn't mean it takes $10 to implement
         | this change per plane.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | > Whether or not a "technical barrier" exists is a non-
           | sequitur. Just because you can get a $10 audio recorder on
           | aliexpress that records 200 hours, doesn't mean it takes $10
           | to implement this change per plane.
           | 
           | I bet many investigators would be very happy with the
           | aliexpress implementation ...
        
             | rob74 wrote:
             | In _this_ case the aliexpress implementation would have
             | worked, but not in cases where the aircraft is literally
             | pulverized on impact, like in the 737 MAX crashes of 2018
             | and 2019 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines_
             | Flight_302 - "The aircraft impacted the ground at nearly
             | 700 miles per hour (610 kn; 1,100 km/h) [...] Both the
             | cockpit voice recorder and the flight data recorder were
             | recovered from the crash site on 11 March.")
        
               | freeopinion wrote:
               | You've constructed a false dichotomy. You can have the
               | current 2-hour system and a cheap 24-hour system at the
               | same time.
               | 
               | Then you can gradually harden the new addon. This could
               | be a way to make it all even more expensive.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | I hope you don't design avionic systems, or any other
               | safety critical piece of hard or software...
        
               | striking wrote:
               | Hardware is hard. There are so many more things that can
               | go wrong.
               | 
               | If your cheap 24-hour system decides to self-immolate, it
               | might be the cause of the incident rather than just help
               | determine what the cause was.
        
               | LewisVerstappen wrote:
               | You can make up 1000 different potential failure modes to
               | try and make yourself feel smart.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | And you can ignore those failure modes and kill hundreds
               | of people at a time.
        
             | hef19898 wrote:
             | I am fairly certain NTSB flight incident investigators
             | understand fully well the safety implication of integrating
             | an AliExpress recorder in the avionics suite of an
             | aircraft. And wouod hence oppose such an idea quite
             | strongly.
        
           | dclowd9901 wrote:
           | Counterpoint: what price would it have to cost to make it not
           | worth doing? I contend the actual cost will almost invariably
           | be less than that.
        
           | peteradio wrote:
           | If privacy is the concern then it seems it would need to be
           | bound to a certain protocol where in the event of an anomaly
           | the transcript continues on for some extremely long time
           | effectively unbounded by typical flight scenarios. The
           | current situation acts as a backdoor to deletion.
        
           | bpicolo wrote:
           | It makes sense that retrofitting is expensive - that's labor
           | and plane downtime for 5-7k commercial jets.
           | 
           | This airplane was brand new. It should be using something
           | more modern.
        
           | smallmind wrote:
           | Cost of retrofitting? This particular Alaska MAX 9 is a plane
           | that was just built and delivered late 2023. The 737 MAX
           | family only went into service in 2017.
           | 
           | Im starting to wonder if the yet to be certified 777X will
           | store for more than 2 hours as it takes 16 hour flights.
        
             | hef19898 wrote:
             | 25 hours if sold (operated?) to EASA regulated carriers.
        
           | gen3 wrote:
           | It doesn't need to be a cheap aliexpress recorder. Couldn't
           | they just drop in whichever 25hr recorder is used in Europe?
           | Already tested and probably installed in the same type of
           | plane
        
           | glitcher wrote:
           | > the longer recordings would be an invasion of worker
           | privacy
           | 
           | Workers responsible for multi-million dollar machines and
           | sometimes hundreds of human lives. I doubt anyone but the
           | pilots care one bit about their on-the-job privacy.
        
             | hef19898 wrote:
             | I do. Because pilots being worried about what they say in
             | the cockpit can have a negative impact on their reaction
             | times, behaviour and crew management. All.of ehich can
             | negatively impact flight safety. I want my pilots to feel
             | comfortable while flying.
        
               | paranoidrobot wrote:
               | The privacy concerns can be mitigated by some rule
               | changes.
               | 
               | Mandate the 25hr recording duration.
               | 
               | Mandate that full playback can only be done for accident
               | investigation purposes By NTSB, unless requested by the
               | crew(s). Some limited duration carve-out to allow
               | maintenance crews to listen to last 15 mins to verify
               | operation.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | Agree. And I assume that in this case unions would oppose
               | the 25 hour recordings.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | Too latebto edit: I mean Union wpupd _NOT_ oppose 25 hour
               | recordings, if privacy and labor concerns would be
               | properly adressed.
        
               | t0mas88 wrote:
               | Indeed. This is how it works in Europe, with a 25 hour
               | recording requirement for aircraft manufactured after
               | 2021.
        
             | t0mas88 wrote:
             | The problem with your viewpoint is that all major air
             | carriers are unionised. So the opinion of the unions on
             | privacy is a lot more important than what "anyone but the
             | pilots" thinks about it.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | Is unionization really a problem though? I'm ok with the
               | status quo where flight crews have a say in aviation
               | safety but random Internet commenters don't.
        
               | t0mas88 wrote:
               | No not at all. I meant unions are a good thing here,
               | giving flight crews a say in things affecting their
               | workplace instead of random internet commenters deciding
               | they would like to record everything.
        
           | flandish wrote:
           | > privacy
           | 
           | That's silly. And we all know it. Nothing in a cockpit is
           | "private" in this regard when it comes to transport of
           | hundreds of people.
           | 
           | > cost
           | 
           | There it is. That's all it ever is. If the cost of doing it
           | right is higher than the fines of gambling with doing it
           | wrong, the wrong way will always be chosen.
           | 
           | This is bog standard corporate life under capitalism.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | This is incorrect. It's not cost, if cost were the concern
             | we would not have recorders at all. Cearly the cost of a
             | longer recording is inconsequential once you have agreed to
             | install a recorder at all.
             | 
             | It is about privacy, it's easy to verify the history of
             | pilot's unions concerns and objections.
        
               | flandish wrote:
               | > at all
               | 
               | Incorrect. This is a struggle of ratio between regulation
               | and lobby..
        
           | purpleblue wrote:
           | If pilots have a privacy problem with it, then put the onus
           | on pilots to not forget to turn off the recording. If they
           | forget, they should be held accountable, ie lose their
           | piloting license. Otherwise, they can't have it both ways,
           | saying "we need our privacy" and also "it's not our fault we
           | forgot to save the recording!"
        
             | t0mas88 wrote:
             | Easy to armchair quarterback. But it's quite reasonable for
             | the overall workforce to have some objections against 24x7
             | recording of everything they say. I'm surprised the Hacker
             | News crowd, often quite pro-privacy and anti tracking, does
             | not understand that.
             | 
             | And then suggesting to revoke the licenses of a crew that
             | at one of the most stressful moments in their career, right
             | after a major incident, forgets to pull a circuit breaker
             | is ridiculous. Luckily that is not how things in the
             | aviation industry are done.
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | On other hand I don't find 25 hours being recorded
               | unreasonable with some of the very long flights we now
               | have like 17-19 hours. Something early in flight could be
               | critical clue in incident analysis.
        
               | t0mas88 wrote:
               | Indeed, the FAA has just proposed to start doing that for
               | new aircraft. Same as Europe where this has been put in
               | place for aircraft manufactured from 2021 onwards.
               | 
               | The problem in the US is that there has also been more
               | disciplinary use of the recordings (by the company, not
               | the NTSB). In Europe things are a bit more strictly
               | regulated and there wasn't any resistance to the 25 hour
               | change.
        
         | stronglikedan wrote:
         | unions. necessary, but often given too much leeway to overstep
        
           | hef19898 wrote:
           | And costs, so airlines and the pilot unions are fully
           | alogned, in the US, on that question so far.
        
           | wolverine876 wrote:
           | What about management? Congress? It's an issue of power, not
           | of unions.
        
         | cfeduke wrote:
         | > Why would anyone think a two-hour buffer for something so
         | critical would be appropriate?
         | 
         | This sort of negligence is intentional. My guess would be it
         | started as a requirement for analog recording and was carried
         | over without change and purposefully left at two hours when
         | equipment went digital. The fact that EU has a 25 hour length
         | requirement and the FAA refuses to update their rules to extend
         | to some reasonable length tells us everything we need to know
         | about this situation.
        
           | chasd00 wrote:
           | > The fact that EU has a 25 hour length requirement and the
           | FAA refuses to update their rules to extend to some
           | reasonable length tells us everything we need to know about
           | this situation.
           | 
           | i'll bet lunch the actual recorder hardware in the airplanes
           | is the same with the only difference being a knob set to EU
           | rules or FAA rules.
        
           | frumper wrote:
           | It doesn't sound like they're refusing to do it. It's
           | currently in the comment period.
           | 
           | https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/us-faa-
           | wa...
        
         | marsRoverDev wrote:
         | Same reason why the car industry encountered chip shortages,
         | despite there being plenty of chips. They don't want to have to
         | go through the time and expense of re-certifying everything due
         | to all of the red tape. As a result, you end up with the system
         | "that always worked fine".
        
         | panick21_ wrote:
         | Learning more and more about all these air accients, there is
         | so much that has improved about plane safety and how good it is
         | and so on. But then there are some fucking baffling omission.
         | 
         | Its unbelievable how often the voice recording gets
         | overwritten. This has been a problem for literally decades. How
         | this is not solved is mind blowing.
         | 
         | This would be trivial to store, and trivial to upload. People
         | have wifi in the plane but somehow we can't upload a few voice
         | recordings and other flight data. (and before somebody jumps on
         | me, yes its not 'trivial' but its a hell of a lot easier then
         | about 1000 other things a modern plane does). And private as an
         | argument doesn't' really work either.
         | 
         | The amount of valuable data lost is mind blowing. Not just in
         | cases where things fail, but also in cases where everything
         | goes right.
         | 
         | And then, somehow they don't have cameras that allow pilots to
         | see the engines and other vital parts of the plane. Somehow
         | passenger can fucking watch movie. But if a captain wants to
         | know if the engine fell of the plane they have to send somebody
         | from the cabin crew to run around and look out of the window.
        
         | kube-system wrote:
         | > Why would anyone think a two-hour buffer for something so
         | critical would be appropriate?
         | 
         | For the most severe incidents, recording stops at the end of
         | the incident. The current two hours is an increase of the
         | previous 30 minutes. The old 30 minute limit made a little more
         | sense at the time considering the mechanical nature of the
         | recorders at that time.
        
         | phil21 wrote:
         | Airline pilot privacy.
         | 
         | CVRs were always highly contentious when introduced, due to
         | exactly the situations you see today in the media. The pilot
         | unions were concerned that these recordings would be released
         | to the public, both out of context and releasing private
         | personal data not relevant to the public - especially if
         | anything at all salacious could be found.
         | 
         | There were strict protections about CVR data never being
         | released, but of course those restrictions more or less no
         | longer exist today in reality - leaks abound.
         | 
         | I think those that dismiss this concern entirely are the folks
         | who cannot think critically. It highlights a legitimate concern
         | for workplace privacy, of which the Overton window has shifted
         | _drastically_ into less privacy expectations over my lifetime.
         | The public will nearly unanimously call for 25 hours here, but
         | this was not the case even 40 years ago.
         | 
         | I think the benefit outweighs the concerns in this particular
         | case, but you are now seeing the same fight regarding cockpit
         | video recorders. I can't say the pilots are wrong given the
         | history of CVR data breaches.
         | 
         | If I were a pilot I'd grudgingly support the existence of the
         | CVRs, but I can't say I'd really like the idea. I've seen how
         | sound bites get taken completely out of context and sound worse
         | than they were intended at the time. I've also seen how CVR
         | data is absolutely critical in resolving some accidents. It's
         | all a tradeoff, but certainly not an immediately obvious one
         | unless you value privacy at zero.
         | 
         | Edit: The idea behind the 2 hours thing, was that 2 hours would
         | be plenty of time to record anything relevant to an actual
         | accident. Either the plane is in pieces and recording has
         | stopped, or the recordings get pulled on successful landing
         | after declaring emergency. The entire intent was to limit what
         | was available to _only_ the accident sequences - not general
         | chit chat 5 hours prior to any event while they were waiting
         | for taxi clearance. Technical limitations at the time also didn
         | 't hurt this argument.
         | 
         | Also I think it's good to point out that relying on the pilots
         | to pull the breaker after an incident is not ideal and one of
         | those things that the union has absolutely kept in as a
         | feature, not a bug. This has obviously been abused.
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | > I think those that dismiss this concern entirely are the
           | folks who cannot think critically.
           | 
           | So if you don't agree, you can't think critically. Got it.
           | 
           | Or maybe, we did think about it critically and simply don't
           | agree.
           | 
           | There are various way this can be solved. We have modern
           | encryption that could make this far, far safer then it is
           | today. We have methods from data leaking. We have process to
           | only allow data to be decrypted if required.
           | 
           | This would actually force us to really think critically about
           | who has what access when. In planing this the airlines,
           | unions, FAA should sit together with some technical experts
           | and think of this critically.
           | 
           | This seems less complex to me then a modern high bypass turbo
           | engine.
        
             | phil21 wrote:
             | > There are various way this can be solved. We have modern
             | encryption that could make this far, far safer then it is
             | today. We have methods from data leaking. We have process
             | to only allow data to be decrypted if required.
             | 
             | There are not. You cannot solve a social problem with a
             | technical solution. If the data exists, it can and likely
             | will be used.
             | 
             | > This highlights a complete failure on multiple levels and
             | an inability to critically think about the problem space.
             | How much time was spent implementing a system that under
             | most circumstances where it would be needed would render
             | itself entirely useless?
             | 
             | I was responding in particular to this. It does not
             | highlight an inability to think critically unless you value
             | privacy at zero and only look at these recordings as a
             | technical problem. Under most circumstances when it's
             | needed this system has functioned exactly as designed. You
             | read about the failures because they are the exception.
             | Believing that CVRs as-designed fail under "most
             | circumstances" would be a lack of critical thought to me. I
             | was limiting my scope to this statement.
             | 
             | I would actually agree with you in general if for not that
             | comment. It simply means we disagree. But it surely does
             | not mean no one has thought critically about this subject
             | when it was introduced or since.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | > There are not. You cannot solve a social problem with a
               | technical solution. If the data exists, it can and likely
               | will be used.
               | 
               | Except in reality we use often use technical solution to
               | solve social problems. Or rather technical capabiltiy
               | gives us the means to approach a social problem in a
               | different way.
               | 
               | > unless you value privacy at zero
               | 
               | The assumption that privacy is 100% impossible if
               | something is recorded and stored is simply categorically
               | false.
               | 
               | > only look at these recordings as a technical problem
               | 
               | I didn't do that. I suggested that the FAA, the Unions,
               | the Airlines and the manufactures sit together and come
               | up with a solution of what the exact data access policies
               | are.
               | 
               | > Under most circumstances when it's needed this system
               | has functioned exactly as designed.
               | 
               | And yet when going threw the history of air incidents,
               | there are lots of cases where this isn't the case. Most
               | isn't good enough.
               | 
               | > You read about the failures because they are the
               | exception.
               | 
               | Sure and a server crashing is the exception, and yet
               | somehow most of use still run 2 server if we want things
               | to work continuously.
               | 
               | The argument 'mostly its fine, its just occasionally that
               | a couple 100 people die and we don't know why' just
               | doesn't work for me. Yes in most cases its not that
               | dramatic, but it would still be very useful.
               | 
               | > . Believing that CVRs as-designed fail under "most
               | circumstances" would be a lack of critical thought to me.
               | I was limiting my scope to this statement.
               | 
               | Fair.
        
           | otterley wrote:
           | What privacy? They're recording conversations made in company
           | livery while getting paid on the job, with notice of that
           | fact in advance. If the recorders were recording them after
           | they exited the plane that'd be a cognizable privacy
           | violation, but that's not what we're talking about here.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | Are we willing to have our cubicle conversations recorded
             | while we're on the job to increase the data available in
             | the event of a software defect?
        
               | otterley wrote:
               | It depends. Are people's lives at stake?
        
               | xethos wrote:
               | Are you willing to have a camera pointed at you - not
               | other drivers, _you_ - as you drive to and from work
               | every day? People 's lives are at stake, driving is
               | objectively more dangerous than flying, and it can be
               | tied to work by the simple reason that you wouldn't be
               | behind the wheel if you weren't heading to or from work.
               | 
               | This smacks of "Privacy for me but not for thee", to say
               | nothing of the effect it would have on the perpetual low-
               | level pilot shortage due to things like working
               | conditions.
        
               | otterley wrote:
               | It depends. Am I at work and being paid as a professional
               | driver?
               | 
               | > the perpetual low-level pilot shortage due to things
               | like working conditions.
               | 
               | There are a lot of pilots "waiting in the wings" at
               | smaller carriers, currently being paid peanuts, to get
               | nice cushy jobs at major carriers with union protections
               | who won't mind having their voice recorded and stored for
               | 24 hours while on the job behind the yokes.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | The _vast_ majority of pilots at those regional carriers
               | are _already_ represented by a union: ALPA.*1
               | 
               | That union opposes cockpit video monitoring and has
               | opposed the extension of CVR recordings.*2
               | 
               | *1 - https://www.alpa.org/en/about-alpa/our-pilot-groups
               | 
               | *2 - https://www.flyingmag.com/faa-proposes-extending-
               | cockpit-voi...
        
               | xethos wrote:
               | Don't forget frequently leaked out of context, for all
               | the laymen and public to gawk at, and cast judgement upon
               | those involved. "This is normal" say industry experts,
               | "and your second quote is missing some _very_ important
               | context. None of which most HR departments will hear
               | about, leaving me objectively worse off searching for a
               | new job. "
               | 
               | Tech-bros will read this and say nobody died due to their
               | software, but that's neither true nor the point. Giving
               | every supposedly private interaction at work a chance to
               | leak only sounds reasonable when it's not you
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | While I value my privacy at the office, these kinds of
               | comparisons need a bit more work to become apples-to-
               | apples. Consider:
               | 
               | 1: Are we clicking buttons that could kill hundreds of
               | customers without any chance of it being stopped by
               | external oversight and review? To underscore the danger,
               | is the cubicle secured by an anti-terrorist door which
               | was installed after thousands died when terrorists
               | attacked a similar cubicle before?
               | 
               | 2. Are the recordings specially sequestered and regularly
               | overwritten by default, as opposed to being kept
               | indefinitely in a big database for anybody in my
               | reporting chain to look at on a whim?
               | 
               | _____
               | 
               | For example, if I was "coding" inside the control room of
               | a nuclear power plant and developing scripts to help
               | automate the next hour of control-rod movements, I think
               | I would be _wayyyy_ more accepting of a 24-hour disaster
               | recording loop in a box for the US Department of Energy.
        
             | phil21 wrote:
             | This is exactly the Overton window I mentioned.
             | 
             | Your opinion/take on this is relatively new. While
             | technically (legally) correct, there was a whole lot of
             | social pushback on this statement or idea even in my
             | lifetime.
             | 
             | This take on workplace privacy has not been the social
             | standard for very long, and is certainly not a universally
             | shared opinion.
             | 
             | Edit: To avoid comment spam here on an irrelevant side-
             | subject. I didn't say it was a regression or a bad thing. I
             | simply am pointing out it has massively shifted in a
             | relatively short period of time. There was serious public
             | debate about introducing these at all just a generation
             | ago. Now it's seen as completely normal to have your entire
             | workday recorded with zero expectation of privacy. It's a
             | rather drastic shift in society.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | The pilots have a union. A lot of people here seem to like
             | the idea of unions. The union negotiates with the airlines
             | (and FAA) over working conditions, rules, and terms. The
             | pilots have privacy concerns about the voice recordings,
             | the union negotiated that, and the compromise was the two-
             | hour recording.
        
           | llm_nerd wrote:
           | >I think those that dismiss this concern entirely are the
           | folks who cannot think critically
           | 
           | I will absolutely, unreservedly dismiss the concern of a
           | pilot for privacy in the cockpit _because_ I can think
           | critically. The notion that someone deserves privacy in the
           | cockpit of commercial aircraft is outrageously silly and
           | utterly indefensible. Pilot your own personal aircraft if you
           | want that privacy.
           | 
           | And there is absolutely an "Overton window", but it is wrong
           | to think that whatever way it moves is a regression or
           | worsening (which is the classic "everything is always getting
           | worse" melodrama). Sometimes the way things are is not
           | rational or optimized, but just _are_.
           | 
           | The 2 hour thing was nothing but a technical limit (a literal
           | loop of magnetic tape), and every other justification is
           | retconning.
        
             | phil21 wrote:
             | > The 2 hour thing was nothing but a technical limit (a
             | literal loop of magnetic tape), and every other
             | justification is retconning.
             | 
             | The 2 hour thing was 30 minutes when it was magnetic tape.
             | It moved to digital a while ago and that's when the unions
             | negotiated it to 2 hours after some incidents. The 2 hour
             | limit was not based on anything technical that I'm aware
             | of.
             | 
             | The privacy stuff is absolutely not reconning. Heck, it was
             | pretty much the most talked about topic over the water
             | cooler when I was doing some IT contract work for ALPA in
             | my teens.
             | 
             | My memory is certainly fuzzy but not quite that fuzzy.
        
           | sokoloff wrote:
           | > recordings get pulled on successful landing after declaring
           | emergency
           | 
           | Declaring an emergency (standing alone) should not be a
           | reason to pull the CVR, IMO. There should be an aviation-
           | safety related reason at a minimum. (Declaring an emergency
           | to facilitate expedited handling for a passenger medical
           | emergency should not trigger a need to preserve the CVR
           | recordings, as one concrete example.)
        
             | jonas21 wrote:
             | Additionally, this might make pilots more reluctant to
             | declare an emergency, which would have a negative impact on
             | safety.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | Indeed! It's mind-blowing the number of conversations
               | I've had online and in-person where pilots say something
               | like "I didn't want to declare an emergency, because I
               | didn't want to do a lot of paperwork." Invariably,
               | someone (sometimes me) asks "for those of us who _have_
               | declared an emergency, how much paperwork was involved? "
               | 
               | In ~95% of declared emergencies, there is zero paperwork
               | or followup required. In over half of them, the pilot
               | _elected to_ (voluntarily but advisedly) fill out a NASA
               | ASRS form (which is about a 15 minute task and something
               | they probably would have done under the same
               | circumstances without the emergency declaration). (
               | https://asrs.arc.nasa.gov/docs/ASRS_ProgramBriefing.pdf )
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | The paperwork is often NOT government mandated; there may
               | be corporate mandates, too around it.
               | 
               | (I've technically declared pan-pan once, there was no
               | paperwork.)
        
               | tialaramex wrote:
               | This might well be somewhere that you can improve with
               | training. It reminds me of the situation for CAPS (the
               | Cirrus Airframe Parachute System, a ballistic parachute
               | for Cirrus small planes). Once you train pilots to
               | specifically _plan_ to use CAPS _when_ things go wrong,
               | rather than relying on them realising in time _after_
               | something has gone wrong but _before_ fatal injury is
               | inevitable that the CAPS can save them, you get
               | significant improvements in save rates.
               | 
               | It may be that training pilots specifically to declare
               | emergency as soon as there's a problem rather than
               | waiting until they're sure they can't solve the problem
               | and need outside assistance will improve overall safety
               | outcomes.
               | 
               | There's a tragic case I watched a safety video about
               | where the private pilot, very low on fuel, asks if he can
               | land at a (closed) airbase whose traffic controller he's
               | talking to. The base's controller says he cannot land
               | unless he's an emergency. That was his last chance to
               | survive, all he needs to do is say he's an emergency -
               | "I'm on fumes, I need to land right now" she'd turn the
               | base's lights on, he puts it down on a strip that's not
               | meant for civilians and maybe he spends the evening
               | explaining to some MPs how he fucked up - but he's not
               | dead. Instead he accepts this as a "No" and flies on for
               | a few more miles until he runs out of fuel and crashes.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | Indeed the improvements in Cirrus training and
               | communications has had a fleet-wide positive effect. I do
               | think calling all of the no-life-lost deployments "saves"
               | is disingenuous at best and more likely intentional
               | shading of the truth. We don't call every airbag
               | deployment without loss of life a "save" but we can draw
               | database-wide conclusions about how many net lives were
               | saved. In CAPS case, I don't believe the most accurate
               | estimate of lives saved (vs a counterfactual where the
               | airplanes did not have CAPS) is 258 across 126 events, as
               | many of those occupants would have also survived the
               | event without CAPS.
               | 
               | PS1: I saw what I think is that same ASF video (
               | https://youtu.be/fLlWf-Fk_YM?t=10m ). Really frustrating,
               | especially how obvious it was an emergency to everyone
               | except the two people on the radio (where the bulk of
               | blame belongs to the pilot of N4975S.
               | 
               | PS2: One of my instructors was in CAPS Event #59. I
               | talked to her afterwards; she was a fan. :)
        
           | grotorea wrote:
           | I think the problem is that the CVR is supposed to stop after
           | landing but there are many successful landings where this is
           | skipped, either because of overwork like here or because the
           | pilots discounted the situation.
        
             | sdh9 wrote:
             | Every airplane type is a bit different, but typically, if
             | the aircraft is powered then the CVR is recording. Even if
             | it's at the gate with nobody onboard-- the CVR does not
             | know nor care.
             | 
             | The only way to stop the CVR from recording is to depower
             | the airplane (which is one of the steps you take prior to
             | an emergency evacuation) or to pull the circuit breaker if
             | the airplane needs to stay powered.
             | 
             | A pilot would never pull the circuit breaker without
             | confirmation from management or safety to do so. It's just
             | not done routinely. Depending on the airline, it may not
             | even be the pilot's responsibility to do so. Every airline
             | has a binder (likely, several binders) full of procedures
             | to follow after a NTSB-reportable accident. No one person
             | is expected to do the job of many.
        
           | Fatnino wrote:
           | Seems like a decent compromise would be to record a 2 hour
           | loop but as soon as the words "declaring emergency" or
           | similar are detected it stops looping and just records
           | everything till the storage is full. Say 25 hours worth. The
           | point being that at the end of 25 hours it's no longer
           | recording as there is no chance of anything relevant still
           | being said at that time.
           | 
           | Could even have some indicator in the cockpit that it's in
           | emergency mode for the pilots to turn it back to loop mode in
           | case of a false positive.
        
             | mulmen wrote:
             | Pilots aren't stupid. You have created a disincentive to
             | declare an emergency and added to the crew workload in an
             | emergency. Human systems are complicated.
        
         | grotorea wrote:
         | This pilot with a popular youtube channel about aviation and
         | air disasters has an video on the topic, if you want a pilot's
         | perspective on something that as a techie seems obviously
         | outdated in 2023: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMWZCuTQpds
         | 
         | At least the voice recorder is 2 hours instead of half an hour
         | now. But watching those incident videos I've seen a couple that
         | ended up being investigated but the pilots didn't pull the
         | circuit breaker and the investigation was based on the flight
         | recorder, specially in those cases where things end up fine.
        
       | Sebb767 wrote:
       | Would the CVR have helped in this specific situation? I'd assume
       | this was a flaw of the plane and the lack of recording is
       | probably not that big of an issue.
        
         | wkat4242 wrote:
         | No, but it would tell a lot about the response of the pilots,
         | and whether they took any actions that might have endangered
         | the plane more, even though the outcome was good.
        
         | rogerbinns wrote:
         | > Would the CVR have helped in this specific situation?
         | 
         | In the next one, yes. Note the goal is not to do blaming and
         | shaming, but to reduce anything similar happening, and to
         | increase effectiveness of response. For example did multiple
         | alarms go off, so it took longer for the crew to establish what
         | the problem was? How quickly and effectively did the crew
         | respond to the problem, and did the procedures they followed
         | work effectively? How saturated were the crew with things to
         | do? How well did training scenarios correspond to the actual
         | event? How well did CRM work? [1]
         | 
         | As a result of looking at those, changes like the following
         | could be made (and have been done as a result of previous
         | investigations):
         | 
         | * Updating how alarms are prioritised and presented
         | 
         | * Updating flight management systems
         | 
         | * Updating the procedures to troubleshoot and respond to this
         | kind of event
         | 
         | * Reducing workloads
         | 
         | * Updating training scenarios
         | 
         | * Using the incident as a good example of something being
         | handled
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crew_resource_management
        
         | joot82 wrote:
         | Probably not, but with a 25 hour recording window one could
         | make sure that the previous crews did not notice any
         | irregularities (that they might not have reported) or anything
         | else that might have lead up to this incident. That's pretty
         | mind boggling that a modern age voice recorder doesn't even
         | support storing the timespan of an intercontinental flight.
        
         | yread wrote:
         | In this case the decompression blew away the reinforced cockpit
         | door and the rushing air took away their checklist (and almost
         | a headset) so they had to use the reference handbook (and/or do
         | stuff from memory) so it would be interesting to hear how
         | exactly it went. Also their communications were a bit confusing
         | (no mayday?!) perhaps it was discussed in the cockpit.
        
       | sowbug wrote:
       | I'm reminded of the Gell-Mann Amnesia effect when I read the
       | comments that express outrage at how technically easy it is to
       | have longer recordings from the microphone that your employer has
       | installed at your desk that automatically records everything you
       | say at work.
        
         | michael_j_x wrote:
         | well, they do record my slack messages for 2-3 months, and I am
         | ok with that, even though that's my main method of
         | communicating with my colleagues, and includes a number of
         | personal conversations with them. Now, if my work required me
         | to be able to verbally communicate with my colleagues, and the
         | consequence of miscommunicating was the loss of 100s of lives
         | and millions in property, then I would expect them to record
         | every single thing I said, spoken or written, judiciously.
        
       | wkat4242 wrote:
       | This two-hour thing also means that if we ever find MH370 we will
       | still never know what actually happened at the beginning of the
       | flight when it diverted.
       | 
       | It really should have enough to save at least the longest flight
       | possible.
        
         | __m wrote:
         | Depends on how quickly the captain was able to disable the CVR.
        
           | wkat4242 wrote:
           | That assumes the prevailing theory of malicious pilot was
           | correct. Indeed if he did manage to turn it off early it
           | might have contained something.
           | 
           | However if that theory is indeed true, it's clear that he
           | wanted to disappear without a trace. In that case it would
           | have made sense to keep it running especially because it only
           | keeps the last 2 hours.
           | 
           | But yeah if it had been longer he would have turned it off in
           | that scenario. It would be best if the CVR had a backup
           | battery (and internal protection is that shorting out). In
           | fact I remember reading in several admiral Cloudberg articles
           | that the CVR and CDR data was incomplete due to bus power
           | loss during accidents.
        
       | jbverschoor wrote:
       | well well, what a surprise.
        
       | __m wrote:
       | Charlie Victor Romeo https://charlievictorromeo.com/
        
       | bookofjoe wrote:
       | This interests me as a former neurosurgical anesthesiologist (38
       | years; retired in 2015). If you told me the anesthesia machine
       | will have a microphone that will record voice in addition to the
       | various physiological parameters recorded by the myriad monitors
       | on the machine, I wouldn't have any problem with it.
        
       | DrNosferatu wrote:
       | How convenient...
        
       | olliej wrote:
       | oh ffs, the fact that it's only 2 hours remains stupid: these
       | same aircraft are sold in the eu that apparently requires more
       | than that, it's clearly not some hard engineering problem,
       | presumably someone doesn't want to pay $50 more per aircraft.
       | 
       | But add to that the requirement that pilots have to remember to
       | pull the CVR fuse to stop it overwriting, and then the malicious
       | case where pilots have seemingly intentionally pulled the CVR
       | fuse prior to illegal actions in order to disguise those actions,
       | this is clearly a beyond brain dead system.
       | 
       | The local recording should be more than two hours, but these days
       | there's no justification for it not _also_ being continuously
       | uploaded.
        
       | DrNosferatu wrote:
       | It's technologically trivial, today, to perform an automated
       | secondary backup (local or otherwise - but ideally remote) of
       | days - months, years - of this telemetry and voice recorder data.
       | 
       | (as well as to keep it private & encrypted, and only accessible
       | with a warrant from a judge)
       | 
       | If the FAA does not mandate, _at least_ , this from now on, it
       | will just add to the pile of evidence that they are in Boeing's
       | pocket.
       | 
       | PS: _Secondary_ backup. No existing system has to change. Just an
       | outer layer of backup tapping into the existing data recording
       | loop.
        
         | DrNosferatu wrote:
         | PPS: Give me USD 15M + 10K per aircraft + 10 cents per
         | transported/flown passenger ever protected by this System, and
         | I'll design and implement it for you - with quadruplex
         | redundancy.
         | 
         | (disclaimer: _Founder_ tier pricing. General pricing may vary -
         | up)
        
           | hef19898 wrote:
           | This comment is peak HN arrogance, or pretty close to it...
        
             | DrNosferatu wrote:
             | Oh, but you haven't seen nothing yet - what about, on top
             | of that, even some extra credibility:
             | 
             | Former NASA Engineer, baby B-)
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | Impressive. Just tell me, when did NASA develop and build
               | civilian aerospace components?
        
               | DrNosferatu wrote:
               | Not the point - these are just peak HN arrogance
               | credentials ;)
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | Absolutely the point, because none of what you propose is
               | easy, let alone trivial... As you would know if you came
               | close to civil aerospace development, certification or
               | change management.
               | 
               | You also ignore that it is more a policy than a technical
               | problem, Europe has 25 hours and not 2 like the US. No
               | idea how easy it is to retrofit the 25 hours into US
               | certified aircraft with 2 hour recording, which might
               | pose another problem.
               | 
               | Bit hey, use your NASA credentials, apply to YC or any
               | other VC, and launch your "trivial" tech solution.
        
               | DrNosferatu wrote:
               | Thanks for the venture offer, but I'm busy frying bigger
               | fish right now.
        
             | barbazoo wrote:
             | I read it more like an annoyed take on the aviation
             | industry's change management process.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | Based on my experiences with modern technology I don't
               | want aviation learning anything from tech.
        
             | uticus wrote:
             | Actually I found it makes a great point.
             | 
             | > peak HN arrogance
             | 
             | Take peak HN arrogance, balance it against peak
             | bureaucratic promises plus peak actual cost, and let me
             | know what you come out with.
        
               | DrNosferatu wrote:
               | Is it arrogant to wish to survive a common civilian
               | airplane flight?
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | No, but pretty ignorant to propose something that makes
               | it easier to investigate crashes and incidents while
               | having zero impact on incident prevention.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | Assuming zero impact is the arrogance. These systems are
               | complex and human. You can't make changes without side
               | effects. Nothing is free and actions can have unintended
               | consequences.
        
             | jacamera wrote:
             | I had assumed it was satire so you're absolutely right if
             | it was not!
        
               | DrNosferatu wrote:
               | How dare they!?
        
             | Grazester wrote:
             | Well I think that one flew right over your head. Something
             | Boeing couldn't achieve, so clearly the poster must have
             | worked for Nasa.
        
               | ofcrpls wrote:
               | Err - it is an EASA requirement that Boeing already
               | conforms to, I believe.
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | I think he was punning about the flying over the head
               | being something Boeing couldn't achieve
        
           | fred_is_fred wrote:
           | Someone just invented DropBlackBox.
        
             | DrNosferatu wrote:
             | I'll make sure you get some royalties for that name
             | suggestion ;)
        
             | uticus wrote:
             | BBaaS
        
             | jaredwiener wrote:
             | Just get an FTP account, mounting it locally with
             | curlftpfs, and then using SVN or CVS on the mounted
             | filesystem.
             | 
             | /s
        
               | froh wrote:
               | rcs. you meant rcs. and uucp.
        
               | oneplane wrote:
               | But it needs to be more enterprise-y, X.400 with maybe
               | X.25 should do nicely.
        
               | justinkramp wrote:
               | ...rsync
        
         | abduhl wrote:
         | >> only accessible with a warrant from a judge
         | 
         | What's your technical solution to this aspect? The solution
         | must be "technologically trivial" which I take to mean
         | implementable today or in the near future with no change to how
         | current regulations or laws work or to how current workstreams
         | outside of the secondary backup system work (i.e., no change is
         | required like having the judiciary start using crypto). We are
         | also using the strict definition of "only." It should be
         | technologically impossible for any person or entity to access
         | the data without a warrant.
        
           | DrNosferatu wrote:
           | I mean my System will have a layer of encryption protection.
           | And if the FAA, Unions, etc., so wish, it can be made to
           | completely preserve privacy and only unlocked when the
           | applicable judiciary (or whoever) sees fit.
        
             | abduhl wrote:
             | So you don't have a technical solution. Got it.
        
               | DrNosferatu wrote:
               | But I absolutely do:
               | 
               | Elective during (and after) the System's procurement, you
               | can also option it with a "Board-of-Trustees-as-a-
               | Service" to decide when to open the Seal of Privacy and
               | disclose the System's Recordings - if ever.
               | 
               | (prices for this option are in Swiss Francs)
        
         | Thrymr wrote:
         | Or they could just implement the 25-hour recorder like they
         | have in Europe. This was a policy choice, not a technical
         | limitation.
        
         | spuz wrote:
         | > If the FAA does not mandate, at least, this from now on, it
         | will just add to the pile of evidence that they are in Boeing's
         | pocket.
         | 
         | I don't see how it's in the interests of Boeing to keep the
         | mandate at 2 hours. If it gets extended, it's likely that in
         | future incidents they will have more evidence of pilot error
         | than they do now since that is the primary cause of accidents
         | (even for Boeing), plus I am sure they can print some nice
         | invoices for the costs of the upgrades to existing fleets.
        
           | hughesjj wrote:
           | Well, could be, but another possibility:
           | 
           | - most pilot errors resulting in an incident occur close to
           | the incident and thus the # of times it's their fault will
           | drop off with longer recording time
           | 
           | - the longer recording time may allow for some complaints
           | about the Boeing aircraft or some clunking noises to be
           | identified which could indicate an issue with the aircraft
        
             | DrNosferatu wrote:
             | The key concept here is: "clunking noises".
             | 
             | (aka "aircraft defects")
             | 
             | PS: I mean it.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | Not all clunking noises are defects and not all defects
               | make clunking noises.
        
               | DrNosferatu wrote:
               | Free hint: "metaphor".
        
         | wnevets wrote:
         | why do you think the lack voice recordings protect Boeing
         | instead of the people being recorded?
        
           | DrNosferatu wrote:
           | There are human lives on the line - thorough records are
           | clearly warranted.
           | 
           | (not same as open-access: judge must authorize playback)
        
             | wnevets wrote:
             | > There are human lives on the line - thorogh records are
             | clearly warranted.
             | 
             | I'm not suggesting otherwise.
             | 
             | > it will just add to the pile of evidence that they are in
             | Boeing's pocket.
             | 
             | I don't understand the connection between the lack of voice
             | recordings and how that is proof of the FAA protecting
             | Boeing rather than the lack of voice recordings as proof of
             | the FAA protecting the pilots.
        
             | DrNosferatu wrote:
             | FAA has the final word - over manufacturers, unions, etc.
        
         | mulmen wrote:
         | Aviation has a healthy blameless culture which has created
         | willingness on the part of air crews to self-report deviations.
         | If you make a mistake and own up to it you suffer no
         | consequences. Keeping recordings forever may disincentivize
         | crews from communicating freely if their comments could come
         | back to haunt them years later. This may still be a good idea
         | but it's not as simple as changing the retention period on
         | recordings.
        
           | DrNosferatu wrote:
           | Only warrant-issued-by-judge-mandated disclosure.
           | 
           | Full privacy preservation.
        
             | mulmen wrote:
             | Aviation is safe because the participants all trust each
             | other. Blanket recording for undefined future use
             | undermines that trust. This has a chilling effect on
             | communication. Crews will be reluctant to communicate with
             | each other. The risk of a warrant being issued at all
             | creates an adversarial relationship between crews and
             | investigators. This is a horrible idea and suggesting it
             | betrays a cliche misunderstanding of the domain that is the
             | stereotype of modern technologists.
        
           | donmcronald wrote:
           | Yes, the blameless culture is a critical safety feature and
           | it could be ruined very easily if the failed leadership in
           | the industry starts looking for scapegoats.
           | 
           | It's sad too because analyzing every cockpit conversation
           | with AI to highlight things that may cause common confusion
           | could be invaluable. Instead, the short-sighted leadership in
           | today's business world will use it for (job) performance
           | analysis and to penalize workers for failing to act like
           | robots :-(
        
             | mulmen wrote:
             | Possibly. But as a technologist I don't trust AI to
             | actually deliver such a result in our generation. The
             | system will inevitably be created by modern technologists
             | without intimate domain knowledge. It will be motivated by
             | short-term deadline chasing and MVP culture. The cockpit of
             | an airliner is no place for bleeding edge technological
             | innovation. I don't need an Airbus with Siri. Pilots
             | already spend hours in training every year. Is reviewing
             | the output of this AI system really a better use of their
             | time? What problem is it even solving?
        
               | kelseyfrog wrote:
               | What would it take to make you trust AI?
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | [delayed]
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | > If the FAA does not mandate, at least, this from now on, it
         | will just add to the pile of evidence that they are in Boeing's
         | pocket.
         | 
         | It's the pilots' union that is opposing this. I doubt Boeing
         | cares either way. If anything they'd want the extra data.
        
       | FrustratedMonky wrote:
       | LOL "there is no evidence of a conspiracy"
        
       | xenadu02 wrote:
       | The argument about privacy is a bit of a red-herring IMHO. The
       | audio should be recorded for each flight plan (whether one
       | segment or multiple) in its entirety. The system can
       | automatically delete all recordings finished N or more hours ago
       | on next power up (say 6 hours).
       | 
       | In a crash scenario obviously power will be lost at some point
       | and not return so the data is safe.
       | 
       | In a malfunction scenario standard procedure would be to pull the
       | box before powerup so even if maintenance doesn't get to the
       | plane quickly or the pilot's incident report arrives after a few
       | hours the recording related to it is still present and
       | maintenance can go back and grab it. Or for scenarios where a
       | malfunction beings on the early part of a multi-segment flight
       | plan the data would still be available.
       | 
       | But for pilot privacy the recordings are not held forever. During
       | normal operations the plane will be powered down, eg while parked
       | in-between flights, and when powered up older recordings get
       | truncated.
       | 
       | All telemetry should be streamed to a cloud service in real time.
       | Absolutely no reason not to do that. No one should ever need to
       | "search" for a plane or wonder what happened to it.
        
         | vidanay wrote:
         | > In a crash scenario obviously power will be lost at some
         | point and not return so the data is safe.
         | 
         | Catastrophic crash scenarios are not the only scenarios where
         | data preservation is desirable.
        
         | mulmen wrote:
         | The privacy concern is legitimate because these aren't servers,
         | they're people. If you change the data retention policies their
         | communication patterns will change as well.
        
       | thih9 wrote:
       | > no data was available on the cockpit voice recorder because it
       | was not retrieved within two hours - when recording restarts,
       | erasing previous data
       | 
       | In a post iPod era and with a budget greater than the cost of an
       | iPod, this is a non-issue. I wonder what the real issue is.
        
         | pc86 wrote:
         | It's not a non-issue when every single staple, bolt, device,
         | and piece of cloth needs certification and approval from a
         | government agency.
        
         | Night_Thastus wrote:
         | The "real issue" is that CVR and FDRs are very complicated and
         | specially built devices. They record detailed data and must
         | protect it against ANY danger. Massive fires, being stuck at
         | the bottom of the ocean, a plane slamming into the ground at a
         | 90-degree angle, etc.
         | 
         | They must allow data to be recovered in as many cases as
         | possible, prioritizing that over raw data storage amount or
         | convenience.
        
       | amatecha wrote:
       | > no data was available on the cockpit voice recorder because it
       | was not retrieved within two hours - when recording restarts,
       | erasing previous data.
       | 
       | > The U.S. requires cockpit voice recorders to log two hours of
       | data
       | 
       | So.. what happens when a crash happens at 2:01 into a flight, you
       | have just one minute of audio? how is that in line with the
       | requirement to keep 2 hours of audio?
       | 
       | > The maintenance team went out to get it, but it was right at
       | about the two-hour mark
       | 
       | > The plane's flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder
       | were sent to NTSB labs on Sunday to be read but no voice data was
       | available
       | 
       | So as soon as that 2-hour mark is hit, the CVR secure-erases
       | everything it recorded and starts anew? (data-recovery was not
       | possible???) ... I feel like something is missing here...
        
         | andrewguenther wrote:
         | It doesn't clear every two hours, it's a rolling two hour
         | recording. Since the plane was still operational, it continued
         | recording and it was just over 2 hours before maintenance crews
         | disabled the recorder.
        
           | amatecha wrote:
           | OK, what you're saying is that the 2 hours of audio leading
           | up to the crash were overwritten by the recording having
           | continued for another 2 hours after the incident? So, it's
           | just poor wording in the article?
        
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