[HN Gopher] Jeff Lawson steps down as CEO of Twilio
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Jeff Lawson steps down as CEO of Twilio
        
       Author : ceohockey60
       Score  : 343 points
       Date   : 2024-01-08 14:37 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.cnbc.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.cnbc.com)
        
       | DennisAleynikov wrote:
       | Was not expecting this departure
        
       | alwaysrunning wrote:
       | Was this planned? What is behind this move?
        
         | kypro wrote:
         | No.
         | 
         | Shareholders have been critical of Twilio's performance, and
         | therefore Jeff Lawson over the last year or two though...
         | They're in a difficult place. They don't have the margins of a
         | SAAS company and they've been losing a lot of money.
         | 
         | This was fine in a low interest rate environment where
         | investors are willing to pay up for growth, but when that
         | changed investors wanted them to cut costs and show a path to
         | profitability. As a result Twilio was forced to do large
         | layoffs and refocus the business on products with higher
         | margins.
         | 
         | Perhaps Jeff just didn't want to run the type of business
         | Twilio needs to become in this new environment. He doesn't
         | strike me as the kind of person who gets passionate about
         | running a mature business that needs to focus on optimising
         | profit margins above all else. I he think prefers to get stuck
         | in and build things cool things, and for better or worse that's
         | not where Twilio is anymore.
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | > He doesn't strike me as the kind of person who gets
           | passionate about running a mature business that needs to
           | focus on optimising profit margins above all else.
           | 
           | There is optimizing profit margins, and there is not losing
           | hundreds of millions of dollars per year, year after year.
           | 
           | https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/TWLO/twilio/net-
           | in...
        
             | kypro wrote:
             | Depends on how you look at it I suppose... It's not unusual
             | for growth companies to operate at a large GAAP loss.
             | 
             | They were never losing that much cash, and they have
             | recently become cash flow positive, https://www.macrotrends
             | .net/stocks/charts/TWLO/twilio/price-...
             | 
             | The large GAAP loses comes from dilution - mostly in the
             | form of stock based comp. In theory if growth exceeds
             | dilution then investors are still owning an appreciating
             | asset, and if the stock is richly valued (as TWLO was) then
             | it makes sense to fund that growth with capital rather than
             | debt.
             | 
             | But yeah, as a shareholder I felt their stock based comp
             | was egregiously high and it took management a little too
             | long to realise we're in a new world and things needed to
             | change... A side point, but that's actually why I invested
             | in TWLO because the stock got so beat up and their SBC was
             | so excessive that it was kinda obvious that things were
             | going to need to change and the market would react to that
             | positively.
             | 
             | The markets seem to be reacting favourably to this news and
             | again I think that's because there was an assumption that
             | Jeff Lawson was largely to blame for the lack of focus on
             | profit optimisation.
             | 
             | Personally I think Jeff is a great CEO though and I didn't
             | want to see him go. I just wanted him to make some tough
             | decisions to stop the burn - which more recently he seemed
             | to be doing. While I do think they need to be more finance
             | minded in this next stage of the business, I would doubt
             | whether a developer focused tech company like Twilio will
             | benefit much from a managerial leader like Shipchandler.
             | We've seen this mistake made repeatedly by tech companies
             | in the past.
        
       | Waterluvian wrote:
       | "Jeff Epstein Appointed Chair of the Twilio Board of Directors"
       | 
       | That's an unfortunate name to have. I've always wondered how
       | people handle when this happens. If it's as big a deal as I feel
       | it would be if it were me.
        
       | 7ewis wrote:
       | Bloomberg said:
       | 
       | "Twilio Inc. Chief Executive Officer Jeff Lawson is stepping down
       | from leading the software company he co-founded amid slowing
       | sales growth and pressure from activist investors."
       | 
       | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-01-08/twilio-ce...
        
         | lagniappe wrote:
         | What a shit sandwich. Not everything needs to be a hockey
         | stick. There's is an angle of the growth line that should not
         | be exceeded because above that level of growth seldom is a good
         | situation for the consumer.
        
           | gphil wrote:
           | The problem is that Twilio is not profitable. They wouldn't
           | need to show a hockey stick if they were. Investor-
           | subsidized, non-profitable companies have to sell growth to
           | their investors because they have no other fundamental to
           | point to.
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | Indeed, either take the investment and the dragons that
             | will come to burn your village or grow slow and own your
             | future (Basecamp/37signals), but make peace with that
             | you're always going to be small (but it'll at least be
             | yours).
        
             | walls wrote:
             | Maybe a notification API provider doesn't need to be
             | spending a ton of money on "AI".
        
               | dalyons wrote:
               | instead of posting a poorly informed take, you should go
               | and have a look at their list of product offerings. They
               | havent been just a "notification API" for a long time
               | now.
        
               | ejb999 wrote:
               | I think that is exactly the OP's point - they are
               | spreading them selfs so thin in many areas (AI or not),
               | they took their eye off the ball.
        
         | mdp wrote:
         | Here's another source - https://www.cnbc.com/2024/01/08/twilio-
         | ceo-lawson-steps-down...
         | 
         | "The move is not likely to stave off the activists at Anson
         | Funds and Legion Partners. Both are pushing for the company to
         | sell itself or completely divest its data & applications
         | business, CNBC previously reported."
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Thanks! I've changed the URL from
           | https://investors.twilio.com/news/news-
           | details/2024/Twilio-A... to that article, which gives more
           | background (and isn't a press release).
        
       | m4tthumphrey wrote:
       | [deleted]
        
         | maerF0x0 wrote:
         | can you source major shareholder? The doc I found said 3.7%.
         | 
         | https://www.theinformation.com/articles/twilio-set-to-lose-s...
        
       | gkoberger wrote:
       | I don't know much about what happened here, but I did meet the
       | early Twilio team (not Jeff, unfortunately) back in 2009 and knew
       | they were something special.
       | 
       | Jeff (and team) deserve a ton of credit for two massive things:
       | 
       | First, changing how people think about devtools. I know Stripe
       | gets a lot of credit, but Twilio was 3 years earlier and really
       | defined how we look at building, marketing and monetizing tools
       | meant for devs. They were early (if not first) to the devrel
       | space, and Jeff's live coding (paired with a phone literally
       | vibrating) was something I had never seen before.
       | 
       | Second, I know a lot of people have lots of opinions about San
       | Francisco, but I have a lot of respect to Jeff for always
       | standing up and fighting for the city that enabled him to build
       | his company. He seems to be a really good person, and is one of
       | the few CEOs I find myself eager to emulate.
       | 
       | Good luck to Jeff, Twilio, and everyone else involved. Jeff built
       | something really special in the early years. And jeffiel, now
       | that you have a bit more time on your hands, hopefully we can
       | finally cross paths!
        
         | pylua wrote:
         | The stock price has been lackluster unfortunately. I'm not sure
         | as to why.
        
           | robertlagrant wrote:
           | One issue might be that Microsoft (as ever) launched a
           | milquetoast competitor that sounds the same to a purchasing
           | department in 2020[0].
           | 
           | [0] https://www.fool.com/investing/2020/09/25/microsoft-
           | declares...
        
             | CharlesW wrote:
             | > _One issue might be that Microsoft (as ever) launched a
             | milquetoast competitor that sounds the same to a purchasing
             | department in 2020._
             | 
             | AWS (and presumably Google) also provides a suite of
             | telephony services with Chime, SNS, Connect, etc. I assume
             | the strategy now is to sell to/merge with a smaller CSP to
             | provide a competitive portfolio of services.
        
           | nine_zeros wrote:
           | > The stock price has been lackluster unfortunately. I'm not
           | sure as to why.
           | 
           | Stagnant revenue and declining free cash flow means that the
           | company doesn't have many tools in the toolbox to be valued
           | higher.
        
           | yawgmoth wrote:
           | My take: They're too expensive at volume (and they have
           | competitors, just not famous ones) and not specialized enough
           | / not best in class compared to tools like Klaviyo.
        
             | teitoklien wrote:
             | They own a lot of those regional competitors that are less
             | well known.
             | 
             | They play in both market categories, they sell it at higher
             | margins with twilio brand.
             | 
             | Then sell it again, at lower prices from more regional less
             | known brands.
        
             | drchopchop wrote:
             | This. They're great for small/mid-sized developers, but
             | they price themselves out once you're doing billions of
             | messages a month. At that point companies start looking at
             | aggregators one level down (i.e. closer to the carriers or
             | raw SMTP).
        
           | Nextgrid wrote:
           | Stock price isn't a great indicator of product quality
           | though. Stock price requires endless growth which is
           | unsustainable.
        
             | bwilliams18 wrote:
             | But it is ultimately what will result in a CEO departure.
        
             | maerF0x0 wrote:
             | No. Stock price requires higher per share values.
             | 
             | One can continuously grow a stock if they reduce the shares
             | outstanding.
             | 
             | That being said iirc buy backs have notoriously all gone to
             | executives. Essentially they buy back, and then award
             | themselves options to re-dilute, but cannot readily find a
             | source for that. So maybe incorrect.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | When a business does a stock buyback, the business
               | receives the stock, not any executive(s).
               | 
               | The business might pay the executive with stock per the
               | board approved compensation package, but a CEO does not
               | wake up and say "I want to give myself 5M shares so let's
               | do a 5M share buyback".
               | 
               | A buyback benefits all shareholders equally by reducing
               | supply of the stock and therefore increasing its price.
        
               | maerF0x0 wrote:
               | > the business receives the stock
               | 
               | correct. Hence my wording
               | 
               | > and then award themselves options to re-dilute
               | 
               | It's not that executives receive the bought back stock,
               | but that their stock based compensation plans result in
               | no net decrease in the amount of outstanding shares.
        
           | maerF0x0 wrote:
           | I'm somewhat on top of the stock, here's my not financial
           | advice take:
           | 
           | 1. Growth rate slowed such that valuations had to come down
           | (went from inevitable overtaking of Salesforce in size, to
           | decades of growth required)
           | 
           | 2. Environment -- Cashflow negative meaning another raise was
           | required without fiscal controls and in a high interest
           | environment that's really tough. A return to office end of
           | covid anxiety meant the Covid bubbled stocks are returning to
           | mean. (eg compare zoom has done relatively similar over past
           | 5 yrs)
           | 
           | 3. IMO a few execs were absurdly over compensated whilst
           | investor pressure against dillution was targeted to rank and
           | file employees. eg: Eyal Manor earned a reported $42M in
           | compensation (and a $2.5M retention bonus that reading
           | between the lines sounds like hush money), meanwhile ICs were
           | often given below cost of living raises and no refreshers.
           | 
           | 1-2 means outside investors had to lower the valuation and 3
           | meant a combination of dilution and morale hits.
        
             | umeshunni wrote:
             | https://contracts.justia.com/companies/twilio-
             | inc-3579/contr...
             | 
             | Looks like Eyal's compensation was more like 9-10M?
        
               | mikeryan wrote:
               | https://www.execpay.org/executive/eyal-
               | manor-42374/r-186733
               | 
               | He got 33M in stock grants in 2021
               | 
               | You're both pretty much right it looks like he vested all
               | the RSUs in one year so he while he took it all home in
               | 2021 it had probably vested over 4 years, the first 3
               | when it wasn't reflected as comp.
        
             | gkoberger wrote:
             | A few other things that could contribute to a slowing
             | growth rate:
             | 
             | 1. People build software differently now. There's not as
             | much reliance on text messages (fewer phone apps build
             | built, 2fa via phone is considered dangerous, etc)
             | 
             | 2. Gig economy is stabilizing. There was a huge increase in
             | new companies for years, but at this point it feels like
             | we've stalled on new innovations in that space (while a lot
             | of VC-subsidized ones have faded out)
             | 
             | 3. There's way more regulations on spam (good for us, bad
             | for Twilio). I think Twilio did as good a job of avoiding
             | spam as anyone could reasonably expect, but the barrier to
             | entry to using Twilio for even reasonable projects now
             | involves the government. Plus with the crackdown on spam
             | (good!), a portion of their business has likely been
             | affected.
        
               | vineyardmike wrote:
               | I have no idea the breakdown of their revenue, but my
               | understanding is that now they do a lot more than just
               | the SMS they were famous for. Especially with all the
               | companies they bought.
        
               | internet101010 wrote:
               | Semi-related to your third point, I do not trust a text
               | message from a company that does not use the shortened
               | phone number system that was popularized by Twilio. It's
               | the easiest way to detect phishing attempts because
               | scammers don't use those.
        
               | DiggyJohnson wrote:
               | Wait, you trust shortened numbers _more_ than un-
               | shortened ones? That hadn 't occurred to me before.
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | Why wouldn't you? Anyone and their mother could get a
               | long code number from Twilio for $1/mo, without any kind
               | of verification or KYC process.
               | 
               | Meanwhile, a short code would run you $4500 for three
               | months (IIRC, memory is fuzzy, and it's probably
               | changed), and you had to go through an approval process
               | with all the mobile carriers (that is, Verizon, T-Mobile,
               | etc. had to individually approve the short code) where
               | you explained your use case and promised not to spam.
               | 
               | (Obviously things are different now with the campaign
               | registration and approvals requires even for long code
               | numbers. But short codes are still harder to get, and the
               | approvals more rigorous.)
        
             | itsoktocry wrote:
             | > _Environment -- Cashflow negative meaning another raise
             | was required without fiscal controls_
             | 
             | The company was founded almost 20 years ago, and went
             | public in 2016..and they are still needing to raise money?
             | 
             | I mean, this isn't a capital intensive space, right? What's
             | the deal?
        
               | vineyardmike wrote:
               | They spent a ton of money buying other companies. That's
               | always capital intense.
               | 
               | Software isn't capital intensive the way a large
               | industrial factory would be, but it still has unfavorable
               | financial conditions that require raising. You can't sell
               | software until you've built it, so you have to incur a
               | large employee/R&D expense for years until the product is
               | ready. And of course none of that is IP that you can just
               | get a loan against (unlike say, building a factory).
        
               | fshr wrote:
               | > You can't sell software until you've built it
               | 
               | It's funny to contrast that with the video game
               | publishers. They'll push to sell things that aren't even
               | close to finished, make bank, and do it again and again.
        
             | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
             | The new CEO will be selling the company now. Hold on.
        
               | maerF0x0 wrote:
               | I truly hope it's not the divide and sell that activists
               | have been pushing for. The time to sell to CRM or ADBE
               | was during pandemic highs, now both those are probably
               | more interested in AI hype. I think AWS or another cloud
               | provider would be an interesting pairing though, but with
               | Jeff out so does the hopes of an Amazon relationship
               | besides 2023's announcement
               | 
               | https://investors.twilio.com/news/news-details/2023/AWS-
               | and-...
        
           | pastor_bob wrote:
           | https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/TWLO/twilio/shares.
           | ..
        
           | x0x0 wrote:
           | I think the common thread with Twilio the sms/sip product and
           | Twilio the CDP / nee Segment is this: businesses outgrow
           | them. Both of them work well for smb and lower midmarket, but
           | as companies grow, become horrendously expensive and
           | essentially strongly encourage migration off. A public
           | company is not a failure, but when your product has a ceiling
           | with your customers, that's painful.
           | 
           | I also had a really annoying experience with Sendgrid post
           | acquisition. I'd used Sendgrid for my first company (as in I
           | personally made the purchase, implemented the apis, and for a
           | long time, was the sole and then admin account). I went to
           | use it for my next company pre website launch and they froze
           | my new account and their customer service was a pita. To be
           | fair, the site wasn't up, but I needed the ability to send
           | emails to publish the site (it's a crucial part of new
           | account flow.) They wouldn't allow me to use sendgrid even
           | though I was happy to share my linkedin, my previous history
           | with their company, etc. We're happy sendinblue customers.
        
           | kelnos wrote:
           | My take: ignore the pandemic. The stock price was around $90
           | before the pandemic hit, which isn't much higher than it is
           | right now. Twilio was basically the perfect remote-work-
           | enabling pandemic company. And the market piled on and
           | thought Twilio was a great place to put money during a global
           | pandemic, when so many other places seemed risky or
           | disastrous.
           | 
           | After mid-2021, that $400+ stock price started looking a
           | little silly. And the broader market downturn in 2022 hit
           | Twilio even harder than it hit the broader market.
           | 
           | And, meanwhile, Twilio's growth numbers -- while still being
           | an unprofitable company! -- look worse than they did at the
           | beginning of 2020. $75 might be _generous_ for how the
           | company is actually doing.
           | 
           | (Full disclosure: former employee for ~10 years, and I still
           | have a few shares left.)
        
         | CamelCaseName wrote:
         | > and knew they were something special
         | 
         | Can you share more insights on how you knew they were special?
        
           | haswell wrote:
           | Not OP, but their approach to devrel was by itself a huge
           | differentiator early on.
           | 
           | We've become so accustomed to developer-oriented marketing
           | and programs that it's easy to forget that Twilio was really
           | at the cutting edge of this movement and should be credited
           | (or at least acknowledged) for the easy on-ramps most
           | developer programs now provide.
           | 
           | Twilio also pushed the envelope in terms of what it means to
           | talk to their developer community. Greg Baugues' talk titled
           | "Devs and Depression" reached a lot of people who were
           | struggling, and was one of the reasons I personally sought
           | out therapy, and my life is much better for it.
           | 
           | Early Twilio was a very human-oriented company, and I think
           | many developers and developer programs are better for it.
        
             | gregorymichael wrote:
             | Hi. Greg here. :heart: Good job taking the steps to get
             | help!
        
               | haswell wrote:
               | Hey Greg! Thanks again for the work you were doing. It
               | made a difference.
        
               | rprospero wrote:
               | Congratulations, Greg! You've come a long way from Mr.
               | Shadiow's CS class
        
             | neom wrote:
             | Developers And Depression | Greg Baugues | Talks at Google:
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CausE8Sc8Uc
        
           | gkoberger wrote:
           | I was an intern at GigaOM in 2009 (a popular tech blog that
           | ran conferences), and my first memory of Twilio was going to
           | the sales people and trying to convince them to give Twilio a
           | discounted booth because I thought the product was so great.
           | I remember the salesperson laughing and saying "this booth
           | costs more money than they have in their bank account", but
           | there was some extra inventory and we got them the booth.
           | 
           | The early people all just had this vibe of technical-but-not-
           | complicated. It's common now, but at the time it was such a
           | breath of fresh air. They were one of the first companies to
           | pitch "easy of use" (compared to "look at how amazingly
           | complex we are!"). I know this is super obvious now, but back
           | then I had never felt anything like that.
           | 
           | All the people I met (I specifically remember Danielle) were
           | friendly and excited... not in a sales-y way, but in a "I
           | just love what we're doing and want you to, too" way. And
           | again, I know this doesn't feel unique now, but that's
           | because Twilio helped shape how we think about all of this.
           | 
           | I loved their attitude, such as this talk from John Sheehan
           | (https://www.heavybit.com/library/video/runscope-ceo-and-
           | twil...) about how they look at customers. I remember him
           | saying they would fly to any little city that would have them
           | and buy pizza and just hang out. They caught on early that
           | there were so many tech people out there around the country
           | who would become lifelong supporters because of little
           | gestures like this.
           | 
           | Overall, a lot of what I can say about Twilio is super
           | obvious now. But it's kinda like how people watch Friends for
           | the first time in 2023 and say "meh it's a pretty generic
           | sitcom". It's because they created the whole genre and
           | shifted how everything thinks.
        
             | johns wrote:
             | <3
        
             | rurp wrote:
             | > Overall, a lot of what I can say about Twilio is super
             | obvious now. But it's kinda like how people watch Friends
             | for the first time in 2023 and say "meh it's a pretty
             | generic sitcom". It's because they created the whole genre
             | and shifted how everything thinks.
             | 
             | I feel this way about most classic media. Famous movies and
             | books almost always feel underwhelming to me because the
             | notable ideas have been reused and referenced so many times
             | that the original ends up feeling like a retread decades
             | later. Interesting connection to tie this phenomenon to
             | tech marketing and dev relations.
        
         | carimura wrote:
         | When we started Iron.io in 2010, there were basically 3
         | companies at every developer event driving the API-first
         | message: Heroku, Sendgrid, and Twilio. Back then, most thought
         | Heroku (as the Platform) was going to be the one ending up in
         | the public markets. Then they got taken out and Twilio bought
         | Sendgrid. Congrats to Twilio and team for the years of success!
        
           | mtnGoat wrote:
           | I used iron.io for years. Sad story there I think but I don't
           | know the details. Seemed like Great service for years then it
           | kind of fell off, the service still worked thankfully. But no
           | new features, and support would take days.
        
         | pastor_bob wrote:
         | They laid off all of those early Dev Relations people, from
         | what I understand.
        
         | nativeit wrote:
         | I'm personally not a dev, maybe amateur dev, but I am a
         | professional I.T. consultant and sysadmin, and I have used and
         | thoroughly enjoyed Twilio's tools for years. They are
         | accessible enough for even low-skill amateur devs like me to be
         | able to spin up test programs and functions that do really cool
         | things. I am heartened to hear that my longtime support has
         | gone to a company whose culture and leadership have been
         | worthy. Hoping for the best to everyone involved.
        
           | Solvency wrote:
           | Out of curiosity what cool test programs does a sysadmin make
           | with Twilio? Custom system alerts over SMS?
        
       | maerF0x0 wrote:
       | https://archive.is/8Ffn4
       | 
       | Keep in mind his voting structure changed in May meaning he lost
       | some shareholder power.
       | 
       | > Its use of supervoting shares, which gives CEO and co-founder
       | Jeff Lawson a voting stake of 21.8% even though he owns only 3.7%
       | of the stock, [1]
       | 
       | No derogatory remarks intended to Jeff, Jeff certainly has had
       | great moments, but Kho is also a fantastic leader and capital
       | allocator, who's made some truly uncanny calls (like raising in
       | the market near the top,and share buy back near the bottom). I
       | think Kho is the right person for the job in the times that
       | Twilio finds themselves. It's something I've hoped for for years,
       | as a shareholder. Jeff deserves praise for the humility to step
       | down and promote from within a well groomed and talented
       | successor.
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.theinformation.com/articles/twilio-set-to-
       | lose-s...
        
         | adam_arthur wrote:
         | Any exec who actually tries to sell the stock high, and buy it
         | low is a winner in my book.
         | 
         | Most just follow the crowd and do shareholder dilutive buybacks
         | at nosebleed valuations.
         | 
         | If you can buy a long duration US treasury yielding more than
         | twice what your shares yield, maybe stop to think before doing
         | any buybacks.
         | 
         | Though I've written it up to mostly short term-ism towards
         | increasing their own compensation through pressuring share
         | price in the immediate term. The alternative is that all these
         | CFOs and others are financially illiterate or incompetent
        
           | maerF0x0 wrote:
           | Reminded me of another point on the board for Kho, He was
           | smart enough to grab a billion in 10yr bonds at like 3% which
           | was genius for the growth rate (if you can grow money at 10%
           | then you should take every penny you can get below that).
           | 
           | https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-
           | insights...
           | 
           | The only party he missed was putting our cash reserves in
           | BTC. (which is an inside joke). It would have made the money
           | like $4-5B based on the time of the suggestion. I think
           | investors will be happy to hear he flatly outright said no to
           | that. It looked like a missed opportunity (at $64k)... until
           | it didn't. (back at $16k)
        
         | csharpminor wrote:
         | Agree with this. For folks not familiar with Twilio leadership,
         | I would liken Kho to Twilio's version of Tim Cook. For the size
         | and stage of growth that Twilio's at, he's the best possible
         | replacement for Jeff.
        
       | Aeolun wrote:
       | They recently cancelled their video offering and recommend we
       | move to zoom. Maybe the ship is sinking?
        
         | figers wrote:
         | They had such a good video offering, never had an issue, very
         | surprised by this, why not try to charge more before dumping
         | it?
        
           | kwindla wrote:
           | They have not adequately funded the video product for a very
           | long time. Other companies built out better infrastructure
           | and a much broader range of features. The market also turned
           | out to be smaller and differently structured than all of us
           | thought. (I am a co-founder of a company that competes with
           | -- though also predated -- Twilio Video.)
        
         | kwindla wrote:
         | I have a dog in this fight, but strongly recommend that you do
         | not move to [the] Zoom [Video SDK].
         | 
         | tldr: architecture that doesn't work for web apps, performance
         | issues, missing features
         | 
         | https://www.daily.co/blog/zoom-web-sdk-technical-notes/
        
       | gregorymichael wrote:
       | When I joined the Twilio Developer Evangelism team in 2014, we
       | spent a lot of our onboarding practicing the "five minute demo"
       | where we live-code a Twilio app from scratch. I thought this was
       | dumb, mostly because live-coding is so damn hard.
       | 
       | Six weeks into the job I watched Jeff live-code a Twilio app in
       | front of 10,000 people at IBM Connect. It was as if he was saying
       | to all of us, "Yeah, live-coding is hard. And if I can do this in
       | front of 10,000 people, you can do it at your local Ruby meetup."
       | 
       | It was the first of many, many times over my nine years that Jeff
       | led by example, set the bar, and pushed us all to reach levels we
       | didn't know we were capable of. Working under Jeff's leadership
       | was the privilege of a career.
       | 
       | I can't wait to see what he builds next.
        
         | lawgimenez wrote:
         | Are there any uploads of Jeff live coding?
        
           | gregorymichael wrote:
           | Here's the time he built "Hawk or Not" with Tony Hawk:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fxHYyD3upNc&t=6120s
        
           | buzzy_hacker wrote:
           | This is John Britton, not Jeff Lawson, but an example of the
           | live coding. Epic demo:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-VuXIgp9S7o
        
       | paxys wrote:
       | The new CEO:
       | 
       | > Shipchandler has over 25 years of experience growing businesses
       | and driving financial performance across global, public
       | organizations. Prior to Twilio, Khozema spent over two decades at
       | GE where he drove operating excellence in GE's high tech aviation
       | division, plus accelerated growth in the Middle East region.
       | 
       | I wouldn't be too enthused about him running a software-focused
       | company. His experience yells "generic businessman brought in by
       | investors to squeeze more profit".
        
         | raiyu wrote:
         | Yeah definitely not a good sign for Twilio - the tried and true
         | playbook will now get executed once again.
         | 
         | Fire a bunch of people, especially those that are most tenured
         | and have the highest salaries.
         | 
         | Raise prices each quarter to achieve revenue growth with the
         | assumption that customers are more inelastic than suspected and
         | won't leave.
         | 
         | Doubtful that any smart acquisitions will occur, given that
         | requires an actual understanding of product, customers, and
         | markets.
         | 
         | The beginning of the end until some larger corporation, looking
         | to grow their revenue base decides to acquire them.
         | 
         | End of an era for sure.
        
           | akmittal wrote:
           | > Fire a bunch of people, especially those that are most
           | tenured and have the highest salaries.
           | 
           | That's already done
        
             | fooster wrote:
             | Not even close to enough. Look at the growth of revenue and
             | headcount. It is clear another huge cut has to be made.
        
         | goopthink wrote:
         | But also:
         | 
         | > He has a deep understanding of Twilio's business, operations
         | and culture, having most recently served as President of Twilio
         | Communications, and previously as Twilio's Chief Operating
         | Officer and Chief Financial Officer.
        
         | sswaner wrote:
         | I agree that this is not a move I am happy to see. I hope I am
         | proven wrong. I have been struggling with my love of Twilio.
         | For years they have been one of my favorite tech companies, but
         | I have been really struggling with them and their products
         | lately. It feels like they have lost their core mission.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | > His experience yells "generic businessman brought in by
         | investors to squeeze more profit".
         | 
         | In Twilio's case, it is "squeeze some profit". Having revenue
         | be greater than expenses seems like a reasonable goal for a
         | business's leaders.
         | 
         | https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/TWLO/twilio/net-in...
        
         | ipqk wrote:
         | As an Indian-American, I'm weirdly elated that Indian-Americans
         | can now be thought of as "generic businessmen" (at least in
         | tech).
        
           | shadowtree wrote:
           | Google/Sundar is seen as the template, not necessarily as a
           | positive one. Doing the needful, to the grave.
           | 
           | MSFT/Satya is the outlier, should be what others aspire to.
        
         | kelnos wrote:
         | To be fair, Khozema joined Twilio as CFO more than 5 years ago;
         | it's not like he was brought in externally and knows nothing
         | about the business.
         | 
         | But yeah: Jeff had been working toward GAAP profitability for a
         | while now, but was unable to deliver.
         | 
         | I have my own feelings and biases about the company's
         | trajectory over the past years (I worked there from 2011 until
         | 2022), but ultimately a) Jeff lost his super-voting shares last
         | summer, b) he didn't deliver on profitability, c) growth
         | numbers have been unimpressive for a while now. Activist
         | investors have been saber-rattling for most of the past year.
         | Of course Jeff was going to get forced out, sooner or later.
        
       | debacle wrote:
       | Twilio is in a weird spot. They are so cheap that it's very easy
       | to build a successful company on top of their APIs, and choosing
       | their APIs is a no brainer.
       | 
       | They probably need to go vertical and capture some of the value
       | their users are generating to have the kind of revenue investors
       | want.
        
       | shakes wrote:
       | I worked at Twilio for nearly 10 years and it's hard to overstate
       | what a gift it was to work there and see Jeff operate as CEO up-
       | close.
       | 
       | He created an environment where (at our best) we could have fun
       | doing work that had a real impact, and we could it with people we
       | enjoyed doing the work with. He pushed us to be creative to
       | authentically empower and inspire developers. Wanna build a video
       | game that teaches developers how to code and use Twilio? Let's
       | try it! Wanna build an AI application with Tony Hawk and have
       | Tony Hawk debug the code live on stage? Sure!
       | 
       | And Jeff would always be spending time with developer tools and
       | Twilio's products himself, to the point that he could live code
       | at the drop of a hat to show off what we'd been working on. This
       | meant his own understanding of developers and their problems
       | never ceased to amaze me.
       | 
       | But more than all of that, he was a rare CEO that led with
       | empathy, humility and care.
       | 
       | Thank you, jeffiel. We can't wait to see what you build next.
        
         | throwaway_108 wrote:
         | It's also why George Hu left Twilio.
         | 
         | Because Jeff wanted to be a celebrity CEO, and it was to the
         | detriment of the company.
         | 
         | All of Twilio's growth (as a public company) happened on
         | George's watch.
         | 
         | I don't think it's a coincidence that well after George left,
         | on Jeff's watch - they had to do 3 different layoff for a total
         | of ~24% of their entire public company being let go.
         | 
         | Note: former senior level Twilio employee, posted anonymous for
         | obvious reasons.
        
           | vehementi wrote:
           | Did any of those layoffs coincide with the global layoffs?
        
             | Moto7451 wrote:
             | September of 2022, Feb 2023, and December 2023. So no,
             | kinda, and no.
        
               | darth_avocado wrote:
               | Sep 2022 and Feb 2023 was the peak layoff season in the
               | industry. Mostly guided by interest rate hikes.
        
           | jmacd wrote:
           | George Hu cut his teeth under Benioff during the most
           | meteoric rise of both Salesforce and Benioff's celebrity. I
           | would be very surprised if Jeff's desire to be a public
           | facing CEO would even cause George to notice, let alone
           | bristle at.
           | 
           | It's more likely that someone as smart as George might have
           | just looked at the fundamentals of the business and decided
           | it could not keep this up over the long term.
           | 
           | or... it might have just been epic timing too. Probably.
        
             | kelnos wrote:
             | I don't have any direct knowledge, but the gossip flying
             | around internally at the time was that a big part of George
             | leaving Twilio was because he wanted the CEO role, but knew
             | Jeff wasn't going to leave and give it to him.
             | 
             | That was gossip, of course; sure, George may have decided
             | back then that -- even with all the growth he drove --
             | Twilio wasn't going anywhere long-term.
        
               | jmacd wrote:
               | The fact that George has not taken on a CEO role since
               | tells me that it probably wasn't a driving factor for
               | him. That's conjecture though. I think that role would be
               | available to him at a lot of strong companies if that was
               | his goal.
        
           | marcinzm wrote:
           | Being a celebrity CEO makes sense when interest rates are low
           | and your main job is to keep convincing investors to pump in
           | money. Of course when interest rates are high, and your main
           | job is business and company fundamentals that's a lot less
           | useful. I'm seeing a lot of startups (and public companies)
           | with CEOs like that floundering right now.
        
           | gkoberger wrote:
           | This is a genuine question... isn't that his job?
           | 
           | For a public company, the CEO has to be a public CEO.
           | Everyone takes on a different persona (some sell themselves
           | as business geniuses, others as creative geniuses, and others
           | as someone you wanna grab a beer with). Some really like it,
           | and some do it begrudgingly. But at the end of the day, you
           | can't be the same CEO of a public company as you were when
           | you were private.
           | 
           | I've never known Jeff to hobnob with celebrities, travel in
           | luxury or abandon his company. I'm not sure he's a "celebrity
           | CEO" as much as he just became a public one, although I don't
           | know him personally.
           | 
           | (FWIW, this is the reason I'd never want to go public. I
           | personally don't like the system, but that doesn't mean it's
           | not how the system works.)
        
             | wslh wrote:
             | > For a public company, the CEO has to be a celebrity CEO.
             | 
             | No. Look at S&P 500 CEOs.
        
             | marcinzm wrote:
             | I've seen celebrity CEOs in non-public companies a lot more
             | than in public companies. There is a difference between
             | being the public face of the company and being a celebrity
             | CEO.
        
             | dragontamer wrote:
             | Only if you pretend that the CEOs job is purely for raising
             | money.
             | 
             | Nominally, CEOs are supposed to run the company and help
             | brew the culture that makes that company productive.
             | 
             | We've grown a bunch of celebrity CEOs because people
             | stopped caring about how companies worked over the last 10
             | years of low interest rates. But now that it's harder to
             | raise money, it's time to see these guys run the companies
             | they built.
        
               | gkoberger wrote:
               | Everything you said here is true, but I don't think it
               | applies to Twilio or Jeff.
               | 
               | I don't think you can accuse Jeff of not caring about
               | company culture. He built one of the defining dev
               | cultures out there. Yes, this have changed as they've
               | grown, but I've always found the people and offices of
               | Twilio to be warm, productive and smart.
               | 
               | And Twilio was forged in the hardest time to raise money
               | ever... 2008. If anyone knows how hard it is to build in
               | a climate without easy money, it would be Jeff.
        
               | wintogreen74 wrote:
               | Memories are short, but Twilio was built when doing what
               | seemed obvious - add an API to telecom services - was
               | really hard. It's what Stripe is (doing, not done) to
               | banking & payment, what countless companies have failed
               | to do with Healthcare... I met Jeff in the early days and
               | the fact that he (a) managed to stay the CEO through this
               | growth & timeline, and (b) gave few enough sh!ts to
               | maintain a hacker dev mentality makes him a notable
               | standout. I'm not surprised that lots of people with
               | legitimate viewpoints and perspectives DO/DID NOT like
               | him or his approach. To me, that's a feature; we need
               | less CEOs and senior executives who try to be all things
               | to all people.
        
               | lokar wrote:
               | It depends on the company and what it needs.
               | 
               | At google Eric had very little to do with product and
               | engineering. He was still a very effective CEO.
        
               | callalex wrote:
               | I was tasked with taking over some of jeffiel's code
               | bases around the time period we are discussing here. He
               | perfectly skirted the line of telling me what he was
               | thinking while writing stuff and simultaneously staying
               | out of it and letting the people he hired take the reins.
               | He spent most of his time interacting with Cxx and
               | Director level people to set the tone and direction of
               | the company, while still taking the time to know what ICs
               | were doing so that he could usefully answer questions and
               | use our products.
        
               | hitekker wrote:
               | IMO, you and the GP are onto something with the term
               | "celebrity CEO". In Jeff's case, he seems like a
               | celebrity CEO for his employees/developers, who we
               | identify with, though not for his customers, who we are
               | largely not.
               | 
               | His customers probably expected better products, whereas
               | his developers expected another round of amazing perks
               | and fun work.
        
             | pmontra wrote:
             | I don't know the right answer here, but there are thousands
             | of public companies. If every CEO has to be a celebrity,
             | meaning that everybody knows them and which company they
             | are the CEO of, it's going to end up like for actors: tier
             | one world superstars, tier two stars, then people you don't
             | hear much about, then people you read their names sometimes
             | in the closing credits, otherwise they are only random
             | faces on screen.
             | 
             | If that's the case, the top layers of the system have space
             | for so many CEOs. Some won't even care to be there, they'll
             | just do their job and take the salary plus bonuses.
        
               | gkoberger wrote:
               | Sure. I'd say 99% of people in tech couldn't name the
               | Twilio CEO. I don't think he's really a celebrity CEO, at
               | least not in the way that's being implied about him (as
               | in, I think "public" and "celebrity" are being conflated
               | here).
               | 
               | Jobs certainly was a celebrity CEO, and despite all the
               | criticism of him, I've never once heard anyone imply he
               | was bad for Apple (or its shareholders). Musk is a
               | celebrity CEO, much to the detriment (and potentially
               | benefit? who knows) of his companies.
        
             | itsoktocry wrote:
             | > _For a public company, the CEO has to be a celebrity
             | CEO._
             | 
             | Is it?
             | 
             | From the DJIA: can you even name the CEO of 3M? Cisco?
             | Amex? Visa?
             | 
             | I don't think celebrity is a pre-req for being a CEO. And
             | as OP suggests, it _could_ even be a detriment.
        
               | mikepurvis wrote:
               | It's also a double edged sword where greater visibility
               | leads to greater scrutiny. Galen Weston Jr stepped into
               | the public eye much more during the pandemic as the face
               | of Loblaws (Canadian grocery chain), and although it
               | originally was welcome, he ended up outing himself as
               | just another entitled, out of touch zillionaire, and at
               | least in my social circles becoming kind of as punchline.
        
               | creaturemachine wrote:
               | Why he thought to cast himself in commercials is beyond
               | me.
        
               | randomdata wrote:
               | Why's that? He has been doing the commercials for around
               | a couple of decades, staring long before he was the one
               | doing the casting. Even after taking that role in 2016,
               | the previous commenter points out that the commercials
               | continued to be well received until well into the 2020s.
               | It was a successful formula for a long time.
               | 
               | Indeed, positive audience sentiment has an expiration
               | date. He rode the wave too long, perhaps, but it is hard
               | to know when to stop. All ongoing media productions (e.g.
               | TV shows) suffer from the same problem and question of
               | when to keep going and when to move on.
        
               | mikepurvis wrote:
               | I didn't actually know that he'd been doing it for a
               | while, but I've not ever been a regular TV viewer. The
               | change from my perspective was the commercials showing up
               | in my Facebook feed and my family group chat joking
               | around about the latest dispatches from old Gal Pal and
               | how we could pick up a shrimp ring for 20% off.
               | 
               | So even if it was a longstanding thing, pushing the
               | content toward a more millenial/gen-z audience is still a
               | new direction and risk.
               | 
               | In the end, the biggest factor was the dissonance between
               | his warm, cozy "all in this together" messaging combined
               | with grocery price hikes and news like this coming on the
               | other side of it all:
               | https://www.blogto.com/city/2022/11/loblaw-report-profit-
               | foo...
        
               | randomdata wrote:
               | Funny thing is that restaurant patronage has declined
               | considerably in Canada in the past year or so. Even with
               | many restaurants now operating at a loss (i.e. paying you
               | to eat) to try and win back customers, they are failing
               | to capture hearts and minds.
               | 
               | If people aren't eating at restaurants, it is almost
               | certain they are getting their food at the grocery store
               | instead. For all the mockery of Galen, it seems the
               | marketing strategy has been unbelievably successful.
               | 
               | That's probably why he continued to cast himself even as
               | the audience focus shifted to millennials and gen-z.
               | Letting someone laughing at you for a few minutes is no
               | big deal. Watching them love you when they show up at
               | your store over and over makes it all worthwhile, I'm
               | sure.
        
               | wintogreen74 wrote:
               | >> just another entitled, out of touch zillionaire,
               | 
               | You can level a lot of criticism at Jeff but I don't
               | think this one applies.
        
               | gkoberger wrote:
               | I can't. But could most people name Jeff, even in tech? I
               | bet people in finance certainly know (and closely watch)
               | the CEOs of these companies.
               | 
               | I did reword my comment though, because I don't agree
               | Jeff is a "celebrity" as much as a "public" CEO.
        
               | nostrademons wrote:
               | I work in tech and had never heard of Jeff or George. I
               | could name every CEO of Twitter or Google, or the
               | founding CEOs of companies like Stripe, AirBnB, Uber,
               | Coinbase, etc. Companies like Twilio and Unity don't
               | really register.
        
               | Snow_Falls wrote:
               | Twilio is more of a "how the sausage gets made" type of
               | company, I do t really think its the type that benefits
               | from a celebrity CEO
        
               | roflulz wrote:
               | everyone knows the Stripe founders tho...
        
               | swozey wrote:
               | I've worked on some of the foss tech (infra and ptsn)
               | that twilio has used for almost a decade. Know all about
               | what the company does. Have applied there (to which they
               | never replied). Known plenty that work there.
               | 
               | Ironically my previous partner works there and she didn't
               | know anything about the company prior to taking the job
               | so me not even getting a reply to my application was a
               | jab. I've always seen twilio in a positive light they do
               | some really interesting work.
               | 
               | I live in the city of their HQ. I have no clue who the
               | people mentioned in this thread are either but it makes
               | sense that they'd see the CEOs in a positive light with
               | how much positive I hear(d) about the place.
        
               | bearcobra wrote:
               | Being able to keep track of the craziness that is the
               | leadership history at X/Twitter is kind of impressive.
        
               | nostrademons wrote:
               | There actually haven't been that many, and double-
               | checking against Wikipedia I forgot Parag Agrawal but
               | Wikipedia forgot Linda Yaccarino. I divide them up into
               | eras and power struggles:
               | 
               | 1. Jack Dorsey. Founding era, founding engineer, forced
               | out when Twitter was ~30 employees because he had no
               | management experience.
               | 
               | 2. Evan Williams. Growth era. Another founder, but one
               | who had past experience dealing with hypergrowth, getting
               | companies acquired, and working inside a big company.
               | 
               | 3. Dick Costolo. Maturation era. Adult supervision, he's
               | the professional CEO hired to manage Twitter because both
               | of its previous CEOs were really startup people.
               | 
               | 4. Jack Dorsey (2). Came back after gaining some
               | political savvy and learning how to launch a boardroom
               | coup. Founded Square in the meantime and got a bunch of
               | experience being CEO of another company. Also famously
               | the guy who shut down the Jan 6th insurrection by
               | blocking the sitting U.S. president from Twitter.
               | 
               | 5. Parag Agrawal. Caretaker; Twitter was in trouble by
               | then and Jack Dorsey was either forced out or decided it
               | was better to die a hero than be remembered as a villain.
               | 
               | 6. Elon Musk. Bought Twitter in a fit of insanity.
               | 
               | 7. Linda Yaccarino. Glass cliff. Installed as CEO so that
               | X's eventual demise is not Elon Musk's problem.
        
             | michaelt wrote:
             | There's celebrity CEOs and there's celebrity CEOs.
             | 
             | Without googling, can you tell me the name of the CEO of
             | Target? Sony? Texas Instruments? BMW? FedEx? Mitsubishi?
             | Exxon? Home Depot? Siemens? Procter & Gamble? 3M? Nestle?
             | Broadcom?
             | 
             | I certainly can't.
             | 
             | But I bet you can tell me who the CEOs of Tesla and Amazon
             | are.
             | 
             | Just because whoever-is-in-charge-of-siemens hasn't run a
             | vanity PR campaign to raise their personal profile, doesn't
             | mean it would help the company if they did.
        
               | hnfong wrote:
               | There's big company and there's BIG company.
               | 
               | # Market caps:
               | 
               | Target 64.99B
               | 
               | Sony ~116B (I think)
               | 
               | TI 152B
               | 
               | BMW ~70B
               | 
               | Fedex 62B
               | 
               | Mitsubishi ~70B
               | 
               | Exxon 396B
               | 
               | Home Depot 343B
               | 
               | Siemens 141B
               | 
               | P&G 349B
               | 
               | 3M 60B
               | 
               | Nestle ~290B
               | 
               | Broadcom 501B
               | 
               | ...
               | 
               | Amazon 1520B
               | 
               | Tesla 750B
               | 
               | The sum of the market cap of the first group of companies
               | is ~2.068T USD, while the sum of the second group is
               | ~2.270T.
               | 
               | And of course the CEO of Tesla is(?) allegedly the
               | richest man in the world, which is one of the reasons why
               | people know him. And I honestly don't remember the name
               | of the CEO of Amazon since Jeff Bezos stepped down.
        
               | lupusreal wrote:
               | > _There 's big company and there's BIG company._
               | 
               | Which is Twilio?
        
               | wintogreen74 wrote:
               | Not this big, but very large with a market cap of 13B.
               | 
               | In tech circles, a very well known story though.
        
               | swozey wrote:
               | lmao Teslas market cap is such a joke. 750bn, 10x higher
               | than BMW while I see tens of millions more BMWs on the
               | road and the BMW brand has astronomically more staying
               | power as brand recognition. Wild. Nobody would be
               | surprised if Tesla flopped but we know BMW, a company
               | over 100 years old won't flop.
               | 
               | I can't imagine being offered a choice between owning
               | (the company) Tesla or BMW and picking Tesla.
               | 
               | edit: Tesla did 4.2% of total market in 2023, outpacing
               | VW, Subaru and BMW. They did 25% more sales in 2023 than
               | 2022. They sell 500-700k/yr right now with 2023 being
               | 660k. BMW delivered 550k cars worldwide.
               | 
               | https://www.teslarati.com/tesla-2023-u-s-market-share-
               | volksw...
        
               | Solvency wrote:
               | Shhh you must not rain on techbro's fanatical obsession
               | with fantasy market caps. It's the only aspiration
               | validating their particular niche of career.
        
             | rubyfan wrote:
             | _> isn't that his job?_
             | 
             | The CEO's job is to create value. The answer to your
             | question is "it depends".
             | 
             | If buyers of their services are impressed with his ability
             | to live code _and that moves the needle on results_ , then
             | yes. If the same can be accomplished by having a non-CEO
             | developer evangelist, then probably no.
        
             | maerF0x0 wrote:
             | This is not specifically about Jeff in any way, but no,
             | it's not a CEO's job to be a celebrity. It's their job to
             | allocate capital in a superior way (relative to the
             | investors desires ie how much beta, and to marginal
             | opportunities elsewhere in the market). If they cannot
             | produce a better Risk Adjusted Return then they simply
             | should be returning the capital, not being a rockstar and
             | growing.
        
           | swyx wrote:
           | is that you, George Hu?
        
           | antiraza wrote:
           | I don't know the specifics of these two CEOs, but those were
           | two very different eras financially in the tech sector. To
           | nail all of it on just a CEO's door feels reductive, at best.
        
           | EMCymatics wrote:
           | Why would that be why George Hu left Twilio?
           | 
           | A CEO has to be the face of the company and needs a good
           | reputation. It seems like he was a good leader.
           | 
           | From an outsider it looks wrong.
        
           | pinkfairy10 wrote:
           | ...George left right as ZIRP ended. Maybe coincidence but
           | that played a big part in TWLO's growth and subsequent
           | stalling as well
        
           | anildash wrote:
           | Please. George joined the company when it was damn near a
           | decade old, and already a publicly-traded company. It's
           | embarrassing to ascribe anywhere near the agency to someone
           | like that than to a founder.
        
         | acchow wrote:
         | > Wanna build a video game that teaches developers how to code
         | and use Twilio? Let's try it! Wanna build an AI application
         | with Tony Hawk and have Tony Hawk debug the code live on stage?
         | Sure!
         | 
         | These are the strange effects of ZIRP and infinite QE. Many
         | companies never had to care at all about profit and could just
         | do things "for fun", and still see valuations skyrocket as long
         | as they hired more people. What a time.
        
           | fnordpiglet wrote:
           | In my 32 years in the industry the best performing companies
           | always did these things regardless of the macroeconomic
           | climate. It's when you ceded leadership to the accountants
           | and shifted gears to maintenance mode that companies stopped
           | growing. You never did these things for fun, you did these
           | things because they had some knock on effect that made it
           | potentially worth it, and in a portfolio of many small bets
           | some would blow up into your next big product. Even the ones
           | that seem far left field they created an environment where
           | people felt allowed to dream at all, and their knock on
           | effect was in creation of a risk taking culture.
           | 
           | Blaming low interest rates on taking risk and doing highly
           | speculative things, and investing in a culture that values
           | that by funding off the wall stuff puts too much emphasis on
           | the capital markets. If the company was a steel producer,
           | fine. If it's a company that essentially captures the stuff
           | of dreams and produces a service that executes thought stuff
           | in machines, you have to decouple your R&D from capital
           | management to the extent your free cash flow can accept it.
           | 
           | Note of course low interest rates and other capital market
           | looseness will create _more_ opportunity for this behavior,
           | and not every company doing these things is doing some is a
           | well managed way. But they don't have to - that's the magic
           | of capitalism. Through a Darwinian process only those who
           | strike magic win and survive and the others recycle and try
           | again. This feels like a feature not a flaw of zero interest
           | rates - it creates enormous value by virtue of incentivizing
           | taking risk at a time of high innovation. There are times in
           | history where innovation rates were very low, and zero
           | interest rates would just incentivize broken behavior. But at
           | a time when almost all growth is coming from innovation,
           | maybe loose credit is smart. ml
        
             | ctvo wrote:
             | > In my 32 years in the industry the best performing
             | companies always did these things regardless of the
             | macroeconomic climate.
             | 
             | Agreed. Creative, high performing people don't do well in a
             | work environment that's structured like a regional bank.
             | 
             | Valve Software -- incredibly profitable, high performing
             | and private company, did fun things like hire economists
             | (and then later Greek prime minister) to study and simulate
             | virtual, in-game economies [0].
             | 
             | Blizzard Entertainment had giant statues of orcs made and
             | fan conventions before their downfall, ya know, in the ZIRP
             | macro economic environment.
             | 
             | Google allowed their engineers 20% time. Before ZIRP.
             | 
             | 0 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanis_Varoufakis#Academic
             | _care...
        
               | drzaiusapelord wrote:
               | Just a small correction, Yanis was the minister of
               | finance, under the PM, who at the time was Alexis
               | Tsipras.
        
               | balls187 wrote:
               | > Valve Software ... high performing
               | 
               | Depends on how you measure performance. ARPU? Very high.
               | Shipping software? Super low.
        
               | hyggetrold wrote:
               | _> Google allowed their engineers 20% time._
               | 
               | I once heard that this was more like 120% time? Meaning,
               | 'extracurricular activities' on company infra was allowed
               | and encouraged, but not at the expense of regular
               | productivity/output.
        
             | Aurornis wrote:
             | > In my 32 years in the industry the best performing
             | companies always did these things regardless of the
             | macroeconomic climate.
             | 
             | My anecdote, FWIW, is that some of the worst performing
             | startups do these tricks too.
             | 
             | There's something about flashy events and boondoggles that
             | sound good on LinkedIn that draws bad founders into
             | spending waaay too much on parties and fun activities.
             | 
             | Stripe obviously isn't in that category, but never assume
             | that because a company spends a lot on parties and events
             | that they're doing well.
        
               | Solvency wrote:
               | Seriously. Half of the Silicon Valley show was lampooning
               | this corporate excess of frivolous indulgence.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | My wife is not in tech (and so enjoyed Silicon Valley
               | quite a bit less than I did when we watched it together).
               | 
               | Every so often, she'd express frustration about the "over
               | the top writing" in Silicon Valley. _Way over half_ the
               | time, I could tie whatever it was she was complaining
               | about to some concrete story from our industry.
        
               | JeremyNT wrote:
               | > _My anecdote, FWIW, is that some of the worst
               | performing startups do these tricks too._
               | 
               | I absolutely agree with this. Monkey see, monkey do.
               | 
               | I think the big winners who make it "fun" are the
               | exceptions that prove the rule. Whatever they _really_
               | have that leads to success (be it simply luck, timing,
               | connections, market fit, whathaveyou) is a _lot_ less
               | visible and harder to replicate than the lazy, obvious
               | stuff like  "make the workplace fun for developers" which
               | any wannabe can emulate.
        
             | tshaddox wrote:
             | > In my 32 years in the industry the best performing
             | companies always did these things regardless of the
             | macroeconomic climate.
             | 
             | I think the question is more about whether doing these
             | things caused the company financial success, or whether the
             | company's financial success caused them to do these things.
             | It strikes me as plausible that it's almost always the
             | latter, even if the company's financial success isn't
             | attributable solely to the macroeconomic climate.
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | Usually the issue is you can't encourage creative risk
               | taking with structured austerity. Structured austerity is
               | about improving operational efficiency and there's a
               | place for that. But at companies that survive and thrive
               | on creative risk taking, giving the reigns to the CPAs
               | kills the culture.
               | 
               | I think it's usually a sign of success that to protect
               | the golden goose you stop taking creative risks and focus
               | on operational efficiency.
               | 
               | Macroeconomic conditions really matter a lot more for
               | capital intensive enterprises like manufacturing,
               | refining, real estate, etc. Most creative / R&D based
               | companies are much less cost of capital sensitive and
               | frankly low interest rates matter a heck of a lot less
               | for their planning and operations.
        
               | whiplash451 wrote:
               | I see a third causality option.
               | 
               | Both << being successful >> and << doing these things >>
               | could be caused by a single root cause: a leadership team
               | playing the long game.
        
             | jaredklewis wrote:
             | > In my 32 years in the industry the best performing
             | companies always did these things regardless of the
             | macroeconomic climate.
             | 
             | What companies?
             | 
             | Some of the best performing public tech companies of the
             | past 30 years include Amazon, Apple, Netflix, Nvidia, and
             | Microsoft.You can get some variety in this list by varying
             | the exact start and end dates, but certainly the first 4
             | are going to make most lists. Others like Google and
             | Facebook handily beat the total market.
             | 
             | Certainly a lot of companies that never went public
             | (Instagram, WhatsApp, Credit Karma, etc...) performed very
             | well for their investors when they got acquired. And some
             | companies that since going public haven't been blockbuster
             | successes, like Snowflake, still were probably very
             | lucrative for their VCs and other early investors.
             | 
             | Anyway, I don't feel like most of the really great
             | performing companies that come to my mind are particularly
             | "fun," but maybe I maybe I'm not paying attention and/or
             | don't know because I don't work at them.
        
             | drzaiusapelord wrote:
             | Great comment. ZIRP is endless stock buybacks and
             | $boomer_rock_band or $expensive_celebrity speaking at your
             | conference. Those are capital owner and executive benefits
             | and don't drive the product or curate new customers.
             | 
             | Tony Hawk at this event is just a marketing stunt and his
             | celebrity can be beneficial to drive engagement, impress
             | potential customers, keep existing customers happy, help
             | with recruiting, etc. Those stunts can get incredible
             | attention. Look at how common celebrities in advertising
             | and endorsements are.
             | 
             | Stock buybacks, having the Moody Blues play your annual
             | meeting or the Rich-dad-poor-dad guy give a speech to execs
             | and play down to their biases doesn't drive marketing or
             | the product. Its what execs enjoy personally and burn
             | through money for these entitlements. Instead this money
             | should be used to give raises to the working class.
             | 
             | Also I'd substitute accountants for MBA's in your comment.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | Share buybacks are a capital return to investors. This is
               | a sensible and desirable thing to do in a lot of macro
               | environments. ZIRP may increase the instances of
               | borrowing money to do share buybacks, just like it would
               | increase the propensity to borrow money to do any other
               | valid corporate activity. There were share buybacks in
               | the 80s and 90s when interest rates were quite a bit
               | higher than today.
               | 
               | Adjusted for inflation, there were more buybacks in 2000
               | than in 2015 and interest rates were quite a bit higher
               | in 2000 than in 2015.
        
           | dools wrote:
           | QE and ZIRP are deflationary policies because they reduce the
           | amount of interest payments (which are no different from any
           | other transfer payment) paid by the government.
        
             | QuantumGood wrote:
             | * QE = Quantitative Easing
             | 
             | * ZIRP = Zero Interest Rate Policy
        
             | 1tao wrote:
             | as a first order effect, sure. but do you agree they have
             | resulted in the inflation which causes our debt-burden/GDP
             | to rise?
        
           | dasil003 wrote:
           | I think this is a bit reductive. Sure ZIRP created an
           | environment where people could get away with trying crazy
           | things, but there was still an expectation of growth in
           | pursuit of some longer time-horizon market dominance. These
           | kind of things may be more risky, but they still can be
           | justified in the pursuit of market awareness and growth.
           | Also, when you're building software products, there's real
           | value to engaging the creativity of the team.
           | 
           | The fact that the music continued so long and led to
           | incredible valuation inflation over the last 15 years made
           | the excesses look a lot worse, but even in a more sane
           | financial environment I'd argue you'd still want to do these
           | things to be competitive in an attention-economy, just maybe
           | not to the extremes we saw.
        
           | lulznews wrote:
           | Don't forget massive PMF in the case of twilio
        
           | mise_en_place wrote:
           | These are multibillion dollar companies, not your scammy SV
           | dogshit startups. Fun is a rounding error for them.
        
           | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
           | Were companies in other sectors besides so-called "tech" able
           | to disregard profit and just keep hiring as a result of ZIRP
           | and QE. If yes, what are some examples.
        
         | toddmorey wrote:
         | My question is what these activist investors think the fix is.
         | 
         | In my experience they'll bring someone in to try to apply
         | aggressive sales strategies to a dev tools company & it never
         | goes well.
        
           | LewisVerstappen wrote:
           | Twilio already uses aggressive sales strategies. They make
           | you deposit $20 to test out their API AND THEN they tell you
           | to get approved by talking to customer support.
           | 
           | I was unable to get approved so I guess I'm out $20 for no
           | reason. They have the worst dev experience I've ever seen.
        
           | kelnos wrote:
           | I think they've already made that clear: sell off the
           | underperforming data & applications units.
           | 
           | But my feeling is they really just want to strip the company
           | for parts and/or sell it to private equity.
        
             | tootie wrote:
             | I'm having trouble parsing this against what Twilio does.
             | Are they talking primarily about the Segment acquisition? I
             | primarily know Twilio as an SMS gateway.
        
         | LewisVerstappen wrote:
         | Interesting. I tried to create a Twilio account 2 weeks ago and
         | it was the _worse_ developer experience I 've ever had _by
         | far_.
         | 
         | Like seriously.
         | 
         | They first make you deposit $20 to get started. THEN, they tell
         | you to talk to customer support to activate your account
         | (customer support took forever to reply).
         | 
         | Oh and then I had to fill out like 3 applications and my text
         | messages are still randomly getting blocked - I have no idea
         | why.
         | 
         | To be clear, this is literally just me using Twilio to text
         | myself to test out the API. I'm not some spammer or something.
         | It was impossible to get started.
        
           | Phurist wrote:
           | You have to thanks the abusers and scammers for that. All
           | nice things have to be locked down :(
        
           | EugeneOZ wrote:
           | They had really nice APIs but they had not enough protection
           | from spammers. But APIs were really sweet...
        
         | anildash wrote:
         | Strongly seconding this (especially as someone who was
         | backstage with Jeff and Tony right before that demo). What's
         | less visible is the impact and influence Jeff has had in
         | enabling leaders and founders to do the right thing. So much of
         | the pressure and industry influence on CEOs is to be short-term
         | thinkers, to ruin their user experience, or to be harmful to
         | workers.
         | 
         | I've seen, both personally and through others who've relied on
         | his example or mentorship, Jeff be a force for good for those
         | who were trying to do right while leading companies. And to
         | even be someone to call in (or call out) a mistake when you
         | make it -- which a lot of bigger-name people are way too
         | cowardly to do. He's also spoken up for his city, and for
         | vulnerable communities, when it would have been so easy for
         | someone of his stature to just stay silent.
         | 
         | It's obvious that Jeff is a brilliant technical innovator, but
         | he is just as much of a pioneer of thoughtful and conscientious
         | leadership in an industry that's become woefully bereft of it.
        
         | crabasa wrote:
         | People who weren't there don't understand, but the world before
         | "Ask Your Developer" was completely different than the world we
         | live in today where developers are at the heart of how
         | decisions are made, products are built and how the world itself
         | is changing.
         | 
         | I joined Twilio in 2012 and I saw first hand how pivotal Jeff
         | was in supporting the idea that in order for a platform to be
         | successful it needed to treat developers like first class
         | citizens, and not simply the recipient of a "directive to
         | integrate" from the CTO.
         | 
         | This idea wasn't simply a fist bump to devs for cool points, it
         | was a recognition that developers themselves held the key to
         | innovation and creating radically new things. This culture led
         | to entirely new ways of building API docs, designing developer
         | dashboards, creating developer events, and so on.
         | 
         | So many of these things have become mainstream and the new
         | baseline for platform companies that people forget how unlikely
         | it was in the beginning and how hard Jeff had to fight to keep
         | the company from treating developers as a means, and not as an
         | end. And I think all developers who are happily hacking away on
         | a free tier of a cool API with excellent docs and a vibrant
         | developer community should tip their hat to a person who helped
         | make this normal and influenced a generation of leaders to do
         | the same.
        
       | _fat_santa wrote:
       | Reading this and related stories, seems to be related to activist
       | investor pressure. Reading into that, seems that activist
       | investors are pushing Twilio to divest from their Data &
       | Applications business. How I understand it Twilio has moved into
       | "customer engagement" from their initial core business and
       | investors aren't happy with the direction or returns from that
       | business unit.
        
         | smileysteve wrote:
         | Ooof at the Segment acquisition :-/
        
           | taf2 wrote:
           | Wish it was a T-Mobile purchase instead :/
        
       | jijji wrote:
       | I used twilio for years until in August of 2023 they started
       | blocking all my text messages, then they wanted you to describe
       | what you're using it for and you had to pay money to fill out a
       | form to tell them what you're using the text messages for....
       | then they would deny that and then you basically can't use
       | twilio, or pay them to fill out the form again so they can deny
       | you again.... This is for outbound SMS (payment notifications to
       | customers) so I wound up writing an Android application that runs
       | on a phone that just sends out SMS messages using an API talking
       | to a server..... I'm paying $8 a month to Tello now which is
       | about 1/5 the amount of money that I was paying to twilio so I'm
       | glad that I switched..... but I think they really screwed up
       | recently.
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | They serve big businesses now. They don't want small players
         | coming in with potentially abusive behavior. Twilio worked hard
         | to build its relationships with carriers and doesn't want to be
         | dragged down by spam.
        
         | oogali wrote:
         | This is likely because of industry regulations around A2P
         | (application-to-person ) messaging that had a due date of
         | August 31, 2023.
         | 
         | It's not just Twilio, you would have experienced this with
         | nearly every SMS API provider. Across the different vendors I
         | work with, I received numerous emails from each one advising me
         | to come into compliance or risk my messages being rejected.
         | 
         | https://help.salesmessage.com/en/articles/6650461-changes-to...
         | 
         | https://www.telgorithm.com/news/10dlc-registration-required/
         | 
         | https://support.referrizer.com/support/solutions/articles/10...
        
           | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
           | > It's not just Twilio, you would have experienced this with
           | nearly every SMS API provider. Across the different vendors I
           | work with, I received numerous emails from each one advising
           | me to come into compliance or risk my messages being
           | rejected.
           | 
           | From what I can tell, the telcos aren't performing any
           | enforcement, even tho the deadlines and extensions are long
           | past. Not to say they won't but the endeavor seems to have a
           | stall vibe going on.
           | 
           | Some of that might be related to having major mass-campaign
           | requirements placed on small biz who occasionally send a
           | handful of texts (often non-sales) from their workstation
           | phone apps.
           | 
           | At least I hope this is why it has stalled. Sending a few
           | texts during a customer service session shouldn't be
           | regulated as if it were a blast of 1M SMS ads.
        
         | taf2 wrote:
         | The blocking was 100% not Twilio's fault it was 100% bad actors
         | and pressure from congress. Also we have three major carriers
         | now in the US they needed to act fast in August since congress
         | was going to go back I session in September to force this. So
         | the carriers wanted to be able to say to congress see we are
         | already taking care of the spam issue ... see
         | https://www.campaignregistry.com/. The single monopoly in
         | charge of the regulations
        
         | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
         | > I used twilio for years until in August of 2023 they started
         | blocking all my text messages,
         | 
         | New telco industry texting requirements came into play. In
         | short, US biz are required to register with _The Campaign
         | Registry_ and pay regular fees if they want to do _any_ (as in
         | 1+) software text comms.
         | 
         | It can be onerous for not-large biz. Twillo took point early-on
         | (inserting themselves into the administration, IIRC) and Twillo
         | then got a lot of heat from their users - even tho the
         | requirements originated from the telcos.
        
           | danenania wrote:
           | Somewhat surprising/disappointing to me was that now you
           | can't even send SMS to a number that initiates the
           | conversation--this would seem to be a pretty clear opt-in
           | indicator. Because of that, I couldn't find a way (through
           | Twilio) to get around the registration requirements just to
           | send SMS to my own number for development purposes to try
           | some things out. The registration workflow and UX is also
           | comically terrible and confusing.
           | 
           | It's a shame as I think there are some legit non-spam use
           | cases for SMS as a messaging platform, but considering you
           | now seemingly need to pay, fill out a bunch of annoying/buggy
           | forms, and wait for days to who-knows-how-long before sending
           | a single message in development, I'd say it's been pretty
           | well destroyed as anything a dev would ever play around with.
           | Who's going to do all that before writing a line of code?
        
             | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
             | I think your frustration is reasonable. The telcos are
             | favoring major marketing companies by unreasonably imposing
             | big biz requirements on small biz and indy devs (through
             | platforms like Twillo)
             | 
             | That bad UX is being supplied by The Campaign Registry org.
             | 
             | I do recall Twillo performing TCR's tasks in the beginning
             | (applications, registration, etc) but only until TCR was
             | spun up. It's all on TCR now.
        
       | whalesalad wrote:
       | Is the typeface/font being used here glitch for others, too? It
       | looks kinda like a dyslexic optimized font where certain
       | characters have different weights.
        
         | timoteostewart wrote:
         | Yes, for me too.
        
         | stronglikedan wrote:
         | Same (Chrome, FF and Edge)
        
         | gnicholas wrote:
         | Yeah, w, z, r, d, and some other chars look heavier than the
         | others.
        
         | lofatdairy wrote:
         | On my end as well, Mac + safari
        
       | makaimc wrote:
       | I worked at Twilio from 2014-2023 and had an incredible
       | experience during those 9 years, including all of my interactions
       | with Jeff.
       | 
       | One of my favorite moments was running into Jeff in the hallway
       | at our Beale Street office just before he had to do a quarterly
       | earnings call after we went public. I said "good luck on the
       | earnings call" and Jeff said thanks then asked what happened to a
       | link to a specific Stack Overflow question/answer from one of our
       | docs pages that got removed. He had just been building an
       | application and felt like that answer was particularly helpful
       | for context in a certain programming language, and was surprised
       | it was removed.
       | 
       | Jeff's always been software developer at heart even though he had
       | a ton of non-dev responsibilities. There are definitely
       | advantages and disadvantages in that mindset! But he created a
       | tremendous company along the way and I wouldn't change working
       | there for anywhere else during those years.
        
       | annthurium wrote:
       | I worked at Twilio for 4 years and it was one of the highlights
       | of my career. End of an era, for sure. Thanks Jeff for trying to
       | build an anti-racist company even when it upset some of our
       | investors.
        
         | westhanover wrote:
         | Its still crazy to me all of the people who are out there
         | starting racist companies. If you aren't anti-racist you are...
        
         | silenced_trope wrote:
         | > Thanks Jeff for trying to build an anti-racist company even
         | when it upset some of our investors.
         | 
         | Yikes.
         | 
         | I guess when the company has no profit or potential you have to
         | try to build something else?
        
         | zer0zzz wrote:
         | Yeah sure, then he proceeded to layoff most of the black staff
         | from an acquisition the company made around the same time he
         | made that statement.
        
       | anovikov wrote:
       | All of the media clouds that did not include telephony, were
       | always bad business cases, sometimes got repeatedly sold and
       | resold like a proverbial hot potato, see TokBox.
       | 
       | Twilio did include telephony and was originally built as
       | telephony-only provider, so it really stood out and was a lot
       | more sustainable as a business than anybody else.
       | 
       | But, importance of telephony is falling. When was the last time
       | you dialed-in to a Zoom conference? Without that, what's left of
       | telephony? Just the 2FA SMSes.
       | 
       | I believe long term, providers like Twilio will become very thin
       | layers of indirection to aggregate together underlying phone
       | operator services, and will be mostly owner by those phone
       | operators themselves, like Vonage now owns Nexmo, Twilio's direct
       | competitor. Nexmo's API makes a lot more sense than Twilio's by
       | the way, and is a true pleasure to use.
        
         | nunez wrote:
         | people dial in all of the time in the meetings i have. zoom is
         | still awful in low-bandwidth situations.
        
       | jmacd wrote:
       | The decline of Twilio's position has been as pretty clear for the
       | last 18 months now, and has been a topic of conversation longer
       | than that. Twilio never had the margins or control of their
       | environment to nearly the degree you need to have in order to
       | maintain software monopoly levels of growth over time.
       | 
       | Most of Twilio's business has been built on reselling network
       | access purchased via SMS consolidators. These are companies who,
       | decades ago, got their hardware installed inside the networks of
       | the major phone carriers. This allows them direct access to
       | send/receive SMSs. Twilio never really tried to own the network
       | layer and these companies continued to demand higher and higher
       | tolls for access. Short codes are a very good example of this.
       | Twilio spent a lot of time and money trying to sew up access to
       | those short codes.
       | 
       | On top of all that, high volume customers would move directly to
       | these consolidators. Sometimes Twilio would keep some portion of
       | the business if the sender used a round robin model to distribute
       | sends, but often they didn't. OpenMarket and a handful of others
       | were the goto providers at scale.
       | 
       | Add on to this the overall decline of the utility of SMS. Even as
       | SMS volumes increased, they have not increased at the same rate
       | as messaging overall. ie: other channels like iMessage and
       | WhatsApp continue to pull volumes.
       | 
       | Cue Twilio's attempt to go up market. Flex and the purchase of
       | Sendgrid were the best examples of this. Could CPaaS work for
       | Twilio as a business model? I think we've seen so many fits and
       | starts with the Flex product line and the integration of Sendgrid
       | that it seemed like perhaps buying their way in to that market
       | wasn't panning out.
       | 
       | Finally, as seen in the last year, the culture just seems to have
       | gone off the rails at some point. [1] I don't know Jeff, but my
       | respect for him is sky high. I've read all his writing over the
       | years and he's been hugely influential for an entire generation
       | of founders.
       | 
       | Unfortunately this seems like a bit of a hasty departure. I hope
       | it isn't, but the choice of replacement CEO screams caretaker-CEO
       | rather than shrewd strategic move.
       | 
       | Another commenter mentioned Stripe [2] and how they get a lot of
       | credit for advancing DevTools. I agree that Twilio did it first
       | and I think paved the way. Jeff Lawson and Twilio deserve more
       | credit. "Ask your developer" was not a small thing at all.
       | 
       | I also think Stripe very likely is in a very similar position,
       | but they are earlier in their cycle and they've avoided the
       | scrutiny of being a public company. Credit card processors are
       | gatekeepers and fully dominate in their markets. Stripe serves a
       | purpose for them and dramatically improves access to their
       | networks via great tooling and abstractions, but there is still a
       | fixed cost toll to pay and what that toll is cannot be static for
       | interminable time. Is Stripe in the "Commerce" market like Twilio
       | is in the "Communications" market, or are they in the "payments"
       | market, like Twilio is in the "SMS" market? (or somesuch)
       | 
       | 1: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36382361 2:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38913134
        
         | josh_carterPDX wrote:
         | In the early days of Twilio, carriers laughed at what we were
         | doing. It didn't help that most of the people at Twilio
         | pre-2014 didn't speak much "telecom." But to your point, it was
         | tough to rely on these carriers who thought Twilio would be
         | gone in a few years so they didn't put much stock in ensuring
         | the infrastructure was redundant and robust.
         | 
         | I was on several calls with providers begging them to put us on
         | a more robust network. Especially in years when there was an
         | election. In those early years, we had one customer doing more
         | minutes than our entire customer base. In fact, at an early
         | Twiliocon (pre-Signal) John and Jeff had to help build out an
         | entirely separate environment for them because it was dragging
         | everyone else down.
         | 
         | My point is that the early days were definitely the "Draw the
         | Owl" days. We were figuring out things on the fly. Carriers
         | were dubious and it was tough to get things working
         | consistently. However, by 2015 those same carriers were
         | developing APIs of their own.
         | 
         | Twilio changed the game for the telecommunications industry.
         | Two years before joining Twilio I was putting in large-scale
         | Avaya systems. The fact that I wrote four lines of code to make
         | a phone ring blew my mind. Twilio and Jeff created something
         | special. It's sad to see his run come to an end, but every
         | company needs to adapt to the changing times. This is just
         | Twilio's time to adapt.
        
         | drc500free wrote:
         | > On top of all that, high volume customers would move directly
         | to these consolidators.
         | 
         | This is pretty key to understanding Twilio's prospects as a
         | business. In my experience, they are fantastically easy to
         | integrate at first.
         | 
         | But they come with a cost that blows up your financial model if
         | your product is any kind of high-volume use case, or if SMS is
         | factored in as a direct cost and you're talking to investors
         | about unit economics. At some point you have to get off of them
         | and onto a cheaper-per-SMS solution, even if it costs more dev
         | hours to maintain.
        
           | objektif wrote:
           | What are cheaper sms solutions that are also reliable and can
           | be used at scale?
        
         | atomicnumber3 wrote:
         | Fwiw I think a key difference in stripe vs twilio in your
         | example is that stripe has 2 levers that twilio doesn't have
         | good analogs to:
         | 
         | - stripe can be a "financial home" for many of its customers
         | and build higher-margin pockets of software functionality,
         | using easy payments as an on-ramp. See: stripe billing, radar,
         | sigma, connect, etc.
         | 
         | - stripe is more likely to be able to "swap out" the credit
         | card rails than twilio would be able to "swap out" sms. If the
         | financial ecosystem evolves to make eg debit cards or any other
         | kind of payment easier, stripe can simply add them as payment
         | methods, as they already do for non-CC payment types (most
         | notable outside of the US). So stripe is already at the
         | abstraction level of "move money from customer to me" instead
         | of "run their CC".
        
           | jmacd wrote:
           | I think those are good points and valid, but Twilio definitly
           | had equivalent arguments in their own product.
           | 
           | Encumbents manage scale very very well and historically they
           | tend to come to a market late. While Stripe is rushing up the
           | value chain, the issuers are just slowly lumbering around.
           | 
           | Billing, Radar, Sigma, Connect are all very well built
           | products which drive usage of their core revenue generator. I
           | suspect the revenue mix at Stripe is still largely payment
           | processing. Voice minutes and SMSs on a carriers network, or
           | authorizations and settlements on an issuer network.
           | 
           | I am not saying Stripe is doomed, far from it, but it's a non
           | trival problem to solve over the long term and the default
           | state is attrition. I think Twilio is a very good example of
           | how difficult this can be.
        
       | coloneltcb wrote:
       | Hats off to a legend. Twilio was The Beatles to the devtools
       | space. They defined modern devrel and the bottom-up/PLG GTM
       | motion. He also disproved would-be investors who said developers
       | would never pay for an API; in fact they'd prefer that to
       | building something only to get rug-pulled when a company decided
       | their free API was no longer strategic for them.
       | 
       | And while you hear a lot about ruthless but effective asshole
       | CEOs, Jeff happens to be a brilliant executive and a great human
       | all at the same time.
       | 
       | True visionary and 1 of 1.
        
       | pkiv wrote:
       | What a great run. I remember the IPO party in 2016, very early in
       | my career, and being in disbelief that a texting API was used by
       | so many people. It was my first time writing code for systems
       | that operated at _real scale_. While the last few years have been
       | a bit rocky, you can't understate the impact that jeffiel had on
       | the developer tools ecosystem.
        
         | GaryNumanVevo wrote:
         | writing systems at that scale is exhilarating, it's a shame
         | that it's a small club
        
       | movingmove wrote:
       | I had the "pleasure" working for Twilio for over 4 years. I
       | cannot tell how much this showed me how you can fake it til you
       | make it in SF.
       | 
       | Twilio tried to expand into Europe and failed miserably.
       | Customers (especially German ones) wanted exact locations of
       | data, exact routes of packet transportation, wanted features
       | Twilio promised on Slides but never delivered.
       | 
       | I was part of at least 4 customer meetings (the biggest in
       | Europe) where the clients just called Senior levels in and told
       | them off.
       | 
       | Twilio was great when it just handled voice and text messaging.
       | It never grew substantially, it never delivered features
       | customers were asking for years. Messy code base, hired product
       | owners with no clue what they should actually build.
       | 
       | Jeff was famous for over-promising and under-delivering. 1 year
       | into my Twilio career, it was clear that the company would fail
       | hard. Colleagues and I had bets on when Jeff will be fired or the
       | company sold. Well, the last few months have been telling.
       | 
       | A sad story, since they had a great core product, really smart
       | people, great people working there. But especially through the
       | pandemic, they grew an insane amount without actually building
       | anything of substance.
        
         | karim wrote:
         | One year into it you knew the company was going to fail yet you
         | stayed on for 3 more years? What happened there?
        
           | ctz wrote:
           | I'm not the OP, but agree with their assessment and stayed
           | 3.5 years despite that. For me, the reason was the vesting
           | schedule: 4 years with a 1 year cliff.
        
             | idopmstuff wrote:
             | But why would you want to vest a bunch of options/shares
             | that you think will decline substantially in value over
             | your tenure there?
        
               | shawabawa3 wrote:
               | Hypothetical scenario:
               | 
               | You join and are granted 400000 options at $10 strike and
               | stock is worth $10
               | 
               | 2 years in and the stock price is now $110
               | 
               | You think the company is terribly run and the stock with
               | crash at this point. However if you quit, you lose the
               | 200000 unvested options worth $2M on paper
               | 
               | Even if the stock crashes to $20 they are worth $200k
               | 
               | Hard to find a better paying job in that situation until
               | the options are fully vested
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | I mean, you can take it quarter by quarter. If you get
               | your vest and (even if you sell them immediately) the
               | value is worth it to you, you'll probably stick around
               | for another quarter to get the next one.
               | 
               | You don't just say on day 1, "I don't think the company
               | is going anywhere, but I'm committing to staying another
               | 4 years".
        
           | smt88 wrote:
           | Knowing a company is going to fail doesn't automatically mean
           | the compensation and/or culture don't work for you.
           | 
           | One way a company can be mismanaged is burning money it can't
           | afford on ridiculous employee perks, like when Twitter got
           | its own DJ.
        
           | collingreen wrote:
           | Part of the problem, perhaps?
        
           | vineyardmike wrote:
           | Being an employee isn't the same as being an investor. Some
           | jobs are good even at bad companies.
        
           | gwbas1c wrote:
           | I was in a similar situation. A year into a job with a large
           | company, I realized the company had issues and that I didn't
           | like most of the people I worked with.
           | 
           | I stayed for ~1 year after I realized I needed to get out: At
           | the time I was getting paid very well, had very low expenses,
           | and was saving to quit my job and start my own company.
           | 
           | My original plan was to stay a few months longer to build up
           | some more savings, but "things happened" inside the company.
           | I was re-assigned to a horrible manager; I hunted around for
           | another assignment (on the advice of my boss's boss,) but
           | that was going to be Flex-based. (And I bet correctly that
           | Flex was going to fail in the marketplace.) I decided that I
           | was better off quitting and self-teaching myself HTML +
           | Javascript instead of getting paid to learn Flex. However, I
           | could have stayed for a 2-3 more years, worked in Flex, made
           | a boatload of money, and selectively applied for jobs
           | elsewhere.
           | 
           | > One year into it you knew the company was going to fail yet
           | you stayed on for 3 more years?
           | 
           | There's a lot of risk in changing jobs: If you "have a good
           | thing going," it's best to bide your time until a better
           | thing comes along. Interviewing is quite time consuming too,
           | so don't assume that someone can just casually make a few
           | phone calls and walk away with a "better" job. (This is
           | especially the case if you have kids, a house, a mortgage,
           | and a significant other who has their own career.)
        
         | ejb999 wrote:
         | this is pretty much my take as well - but as a non-employee - I
         | was a big fan and user of twilio when they first came out, even
         | attended the very first few twiliocon conferences in SF,
         | (mostly developer focused) where they would announce and
         | release new features - lots of excitement as new things got
         | announced and rolled out during the annual conferences.
         | 
         | Then after not very long, you would goto the conferences where
         | they would make announcements about what is coming, but no real
         | timelines attached and some things that were announced, never
         | really materialized - or not fast enough etc.
         | 
         | Then they started diversify like crazy into other areas,
         | unrelated, and I think they really lost their focus - stopped
         | using them (99% stopped) a long time ago for those reasons.
        
         | Solvency wrote:
         | So: What big brain moves did you think Twilio should have made
         | during your 4 year tenure there that they failed to do?
        
       | caseysoftware wrote:
       | I joined Twilio in May '11 the week of the private launch of
       | Twilio Client. I was #18 or so.
       | 
       | My first day, we got briefings on what it was, what it will do,
       | and then had to finish docs and re-arrange the office for our top
       | customers. (At that stage, most people knew them by name. Shout
       | out patio11!)
       | 
       | Since I knew nothing and the docs were.. weak, I decided to take
       | out the garbage. I grabbed the bags and asked where the dumpster
       | was. Jeff Lawson stopped me and asked if I had an office key card
       | to get back in. Oops, nope. So he grabbed a bag and we took it
       | out together.
       | 
       | So yes, Jeff opened doors for me. ;)
       | 
       | Despite the last year or so of chaos, he founded and built a
       | company that redefined telecomm specifically and tech gtm as a
       | whole. Not a bad track record.
        
         | caseysoftware wrote:
         | And the infamous five minute demo.. we drilled on that
         | constantly. At my peak (2013), I was giving it 2-3 times a week
         | in front of small groups, with the occasional sales reps, and
         | in front of huge events.
         | 
         | My favorite times were:
         | 
         | - for one of Bob Metcalfe's courses at UT Austin. Yes, that Bob
         | Metcalfe, the co-creator of ethernet. I talked about the origin
         | of Metcalfe's Law here too:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35259442
         | 
         | - 1:1 for Werner Vogels at SXSW. I gave it to one of his senior
         | guys and he said "wow, this is great, let me go get Werner"
         | which was intimidating as f.. a lot. But I managed to nail it.
        
       | nonstopdev wrote:
       | As someone who has loved Twilio from the early days and have
       | built many apps for small and enterprise cases as well as fully
       | embraced Flex in the customer experience space, I really have no
       | idea what the hell they are doing now. Not sure if they are right
       | sizing after trying to capture markets like video and Contact
       | Center but it seems like even successful sales teams are let go
       | now so curios where they emerge from this.
        
       | ezxs wrote:
       | I wouldn't be happy about that. The innovation generally stops
       | when the folks who really know the customer and have the audacity
       | to pull the trigger on big changes are replaced.
        
       | sbeckeriv wrote:
       | I haven't used twillo since 2014 and I don't use twillo at
       | company. I have recently tried to use it for my own projects and
       | I have not had a good time with the product. I was able to set
       | things up fine with the docs but the ui and the support didn't
       | seem to understand the hobbyist concept. I could not get my
       | number registered for texting again and support did not care.
       | Example: I cant release the number I have because it has an
       | emergency address I need to remove. I cant find the ui to remove
       | the address. I can only add address. While the ui banner says
       | "Please add an emergency address to this phone number or you may
       | incure a $75.00 charge per emergency call."
       | 
       | I am just waiting for my minimum required balance to be eating up
       | by fees i dont understand. I have moved on to a chat service. I
       | wish them luck moving forward.
        
       | totalhack wrote:
       | Twilio is great and super frustrating at the same time. I've run
       | into outdated or missing documentation, and plenty of low hanging
       | fruit UI improvements that get ignored. They seem to be asleep at
       | the wheel at this point.
        
       | cranberryturkey wrote:
       | twilio gone through soem radical changes lately with the new
       | regulations. its much more difficult to use
        
       | knodi wrote:
       | I think with the US Carriers mandating proper campaign
       | registration process for texting, even small number of testing it
       | has taken a huge toll on their support. I think earning for last
       | year q4 are about to be lower then expected
        
       | EMCymatics wrote:
       | I don't see how this move changes anything.
        
       | ultrasaurus wrote:
       | I met Jeff back in 2011 when I was considering moving to SF.
       | Although I didn't end up at Twilio, I distinctly remember
       | thinking I'd be happy to work for him. His original Twilio demos
       | were a big part in convincing me to make the move to working at a
       | proper startup.
        
       | shadowtree wrote:
       | Given the successor, they'll either flip Twilio or go private
       | equity - in both cases Twilio as we know it is toast.
       | 
       | Amazon could snatch, also Oracle the evergreen. SFDC is the dark
       | horse, don't see MSFT touching it due to massive AWS setup.
       | 
       | Godspeed.
        
         | tschellenbach wrote:
         | I'm upvoting this, it's a clear issue
        
         | ejb999 wrote:
         | I always thought AWS would end up buying them, of course this
         | was 5+ years ago when I had that thought - not so sure anymore
         | ... but I do agree, I don't think they will remain a company
         | as-is.
        
       | tschellenbach wrote:
       | not good for twilio. probably will bounce up in the short run as
       | they increase financial discipline. (ie cut projects and teams).
       | but then its not clear to me what their tech/product vision is
       | going forward. and their core markets of sms and voip are slowly
       | being replaced by other channels. (IE companies like Stream for
       | chat, braze for notifications & marketing, authy for 2fa etc)
        
         | hackitup7 wrote:
         | I believe that Twilio owns Authy fwiw
        
       | AndrewKemendo wrote:
       | We will now watch the enshittification and bedbathandbeyonding of
       | Twilio.
       | 
       | I think this is especially sad as Twilio really was a reflection
       | of the purity of product and engineering coming together to make
       | more than the parts.
       | 
       | I can't think of a better leader at the intersection of people
       | and technology than Jeff Lawson.
       | 
       | I think Twilio has a unique opportunity to lead in AI if they
       | kept their Hacker spirit. Unfortunately the fatal blunder here
       | was that they signed up for this outcome via IPO. Not much better
       | being private under PE, however it was doomed to this fate the
       | moment they went public.
       | 
       | All that said, congrats Jeff (jeffiel) for doing such an amazing
       | job and holding on this long.
        
       | tomashertus wrote:
       | I love Twillio's products. As a developer turned product manager,
       | I always find it striking that many teams try to reinvent the
       | wheel while Twilio provides a suitable solution with a relatively
       | favorable ROI.
       | 
       | Anyway, I wish the best of luck to Jeff. I consider his book Ask
       | Your Developer: How to Harness the Power of Software Developers
       | and Win in the 21st Century to be one of the must-read books for
       | founders.
        
         | sp527 wrote:
         | > I always find it striking that many teams try to reinvent the
         | wheel while Twilio provides a suitable solution with a
         | relatively favorable ROI.
         | 
         | This was not my experience. The gulf in pricing between
         | Twilio's raw STUN/TURN solution (which they had clearly gone to
         | great lengths to keep hidden amongst their product offerings)
         | and their batteries-included WebRTC API solution was so vast it
         | was almost comical. At a certain scale, a company could save
         | maybe millions of dollars a year at the cost of a day or two of
         | extra engineering effort. They were far from averse to the
         | strategy of looting their customers.
        
       | davidshepherd7 wrote:
       | Does anyone have a list of which products are in which business
       | units?
        
       | Obscurity4340 wrote:
       | How do folks respond to the notion Twilio could be replaced by
       | KeePass or to what extent is that true/untrue in terms of 2FA?
       | Not sure what they do outside of that
        
       | say_it_as_it_is wrote:
       | Moving someone from CFO to COO and finally CEO doesn't inspire
       | confidence in a Board's ability to find the best people for a
       | role.
        
       | winter-day wrote:
       | I worked at twilio when they were a series B company and Jeff
       | personally did the on boardings. I think it was the only company
       | I've worked at where I felt that every engineer was a super star.
       | I've followed their career since then, and they've gone on to do
       | phenomenal work. My opinion is that they had very weak leadership
       | below the C-suite. We brought on one of the founders of skype,
       | and after having lunch with him all I could think is how good he
       | is at talking and how little value he'll deliver. I felt the same
       | about the core engineering managers, and they went on to screw
       | over a lot of the early talent - that now thrives at top
       | companies. Regardless, Jeff was amazing. He was the sweetest guy
       | and use to throw bbqs at his home. How fast the years go by.
        
         | dilyevsky wrote:
         | Seems like such a common failure mode - early team proves pmf,
         | then founders go on and hire substandard management who
         | alienate early folks, hire their puppets/friends and proceed to
         | ruin everything. I've seen it personally a few times now and
         | still not quite sure why otherwise smart founders keep falling
         | for it.
        
       | zubspace wrote:
       | If you want to see Jeff Lawson in action, you should watch a
       | great talk of him about company culture and values [1]. Even
       | though I'm a programmer and usually don't think too hard about
       | such topics, I can fully relate to his ideas. He's sharing the
       | process of how they arrived at twilio's company values [2], which
       | really are exceptional.
       | 
       | Usually company values are just written down as a checklist
       | somewhere, which you once read and then forget about. But
       | twilio's values are fun to read, think about and easy to follow.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0CKI8Jah-Po
       | 
       | [2] https://www.twilio.com/en-us/company/values
        
       | kelnos wrote:
       | I worked at Twilio from 2011 to 2022, and it was quite the
       | amazing ride, especially for the first four or five years. Twilio
       | basically wrote the book on API-first businesses, and on how to
       | court developers to use and love a product, and evangelize that
       | product to less-than-technical management types. While Jeff
       | wasn't all that involved in the technical side of things by the
       | time I joined, he still kept his engineering chops up, and it was
       | always fun to see him live-coding Twilio apps on conference
       | stages.
       | 
       | I was disappointed in Twilio for the last several years I was
       | there. What had started off as an engineering (and product)
       | focused company devolved into being driven by sales. We put out
       | some products that were half-baked from an engineering
       | perspective, and it showed: missing or buggy features, downtime,
       | and unfulfilled promises to customers that sales/product made
       | with barely perfunctory consultation with engineering. IMO it
       | really hurt the company's reputation. I remembered a time when
       | mentions of Twilio in tech circles would come with praise and
       | even awe; more recently complaints seem to have overtaken the
       | good vibes.
       | 
       | The "Ask Your Developer" billboard on US-101 as you entered SF
       | was iconic. I loved that billboard; it perfectly encapsulated
       | what the company stood for and illustrated why I was so happy
       | there. For a while it was changed to something about reducing
       | customer acquisition costs, a big red flag. More recently, it
       | says some meaningless nonsense about "digital greatness" and
       | "customer AI". That kind of shift tells me everything I need to
       | know about where things have headed.
       | 
       | Ok, time to stop being so negative... having said all that, I
       | wouldn't trade my time there for anything. I learned more than I
       | thought possible, worked with a ton of people who I respect
       | heavily, made many lifelong friends... it was a life-changing
       | experience. Jeff was a big part of that, and I'll always be
       | thankful to him, Evan, and John for creating a place where I
       | could thrive and grow.
        
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