[HN Gopher] The Mystery of the Coin That Shouldn't Exist
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       The Mystery of the Coin That Shouldn't Exist
        
       Author : bookofjoe
       Score  : 62 points
       Date   : 2024-01-08 12:23 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nytimes.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nytimes.com)
        
       | bookofjoe wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/PMjI0
        
       | soneca wrote:
       | TL;DR: it's a counterfeit (an old one).
       | 
       | The article itself is short and interesting, so worth reading,
       | but the title is a bit misleading
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | It is a funny article, IMO it is pretty well written in terms
         | of tone and pacing, they build up nicely through the process
         | that is used to study the coins. I really expected a better
         | punchline than, basically, it was a counterfeit, nobody really
         | cared due to the economic situation at the time, and that's
         | about all we know.
        
           | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
           | Yeah, the alloy confirms what the date suggests - that its
           | unofficial, and also that it's not modern (well, duh -
           | default assumption would be that it was contemporary with the
           | coins it was trying to pass as).
           | 
           | The suggestion that this counterfeit was produced abroad
           | since "nickel silver wasn't widely used for [official] coins
           | in Peru" seems to be an entirely illogical conclusion! We
           | already know it's a counterfeit, so practices of the official
           | mint are irrelevant. Default assumption, absent any other
           | evidence, would be that it was produced domestically as most
           | counterfeits are.
           | 
           | Slow news day at the NY Times I suppose, although better way
           | to fill the pages than speculating about Taylor Swift's
           | sexuality.
        
         | Kranar wrote:
         | Yes but it's also really cool that it's not a modern day
         | counterfeit but rather a counterfeit from that time period.
        
         | _visgean wrote:
         | > but the title is a bit misleading
         | 
         | the title is "The Mystery of the Coin That Shouldn't Exist"
         | given that it is counterfeit I would say its fair to say it is
         | a "coin that should not exist"
        
       | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
       | ATM, there are a number of ebay listings listings for
       | uncirculated 1917 Costa Rica 1 colon bills. They were printed by
       | a US note company and look a lot like US notes of the day.
       | 
       | I don't have the history of why all these bills suddenly appeared
       | in the market or why they were never circulated. Wikipedia notes
       | that the Costa Rican president was overthrown in Jan of that
       | year.
        
       | RecycledEle wrote:
       | I saw the title and wondered if it was about one of the coins
       | from Mel's hole. I would love to have one of those examined, if
       | they ever existed.
        
         | UberFly wrote:
         | Mel's Hole never existed, so...
        
       | boomboomsubban wrote:
       | It's strange to me that you'd spend days making a mold as similar
       | to an actual dime as possible, then decide to change the year
       | from the reference dime.
       | 
       | Maybe they thought it'd be suspicious to show up to a bank with
       | rolls of never used 1896 dimes? Then you'd think the banks would
       | notice the problem immediately, but they might have been too
       | desperate for coins to care.
       | 
       | Or they did notice, and the counterfeiters changed the year
       | shortly after.
        
         | schlauerfox wrote:
         | I remember from the arcade days, operators would paint quarters
         | for testing so they could remove them from the revenue share
         | numbers. Maybe this was a sort of shibboleth? Greshams law says
         | bad money displaces good money, so a lower value coin would let
         | an organized operator pull silver out and know their own. More
         | likely just an error, but possible?
        
         | hristov wrote:
         | I think the counterfeiters simply assumed incorrectly that the
         | Peruvian mint makes new coins on an annual basis. They did not
         | put in the year of the coin they were copying because their
         | coins would be brand new and shiny and it would be suspicious
         | to see old coins being so new. They simply put in the year of
         | the counterfeit or even a future year based on planned release
         | of the counterfeit coins.
         | 
         | The counterfeiting was probably done in the US or Europe. The
         | nickel silver process was not known in Peru at the time and
         | Peru is a small country so it is doubtful someone could start
         | minting coins using new equipment and a novel process without
         | the information getting out.
         | 
         | But somewhere faraway in the US or Europe somebody could use an
         | existing mill to mint some obscure foreign coins without even
         | the workers suspecting it is illegal. The counterfeiter can say
         | he has a contract to make the coins from the Peruvian
         | government and I doubt anyone would have raised an eyebrow.
         | Thus, the counterfeiter probably did not have good information
         | about the Peruvian mint's plans to mint that particular coin
         | that particular year.
         | 
         | As far as the banks, no counterfeiter shows up at a bank with a
         | roll of their fake currency. Bankers are trained to recognize
         | fakes. The counterfeiter would try to place it in the stream of
         | trade, so that by the time they reach a bank the fake coins are
         | mixed with real coins and are submitted by a trusted customer.
         | 
         | The counterfeiter would probably go to a port town find some
         | poor and suspicious looking merchants and use the fake coins to
         | buy some peruvian goods at somewhat generous prices.
        
       | thewarpaint wrote:
       | I can't help but mildly cringe when I read sentences like "the X
       | that shouldn't exist", for example when applied to the
       | Antikythera mechanism. It's a weird way to mask our ignorance
       | about the item being discussed.
        
       | adastra22 wrote:
       | Ironically this rare counterfeit is probably worth more than a
       | 1898 dinero.
        
       | nlh wrote:
       | Like saying "Beetlejuice! Beetlejuice! Beetlejuice!", post a coin
       | article on HN and I shall appear ;)
       | 
       | A few interesting (perhaps) tidbits of nerdery:
       | 
       | 1:
       | 
       |  _> "But when Dr. Ortega and Ms. Bravo Hualpa bombarded the 1899
       | coin with X-rays and measured the light it re-emitted, they
       | determined that the dinero was largely made of copper, zinc and
       | nickel._
       | 
       | This sounds extremely fancy (and technically it is), but what you
       | may find surprising is that the technique they used (XRF eg X-Ray
       | Fluorescence analysis) is so useful in the coin/bullion industry
       | that you can buy handheld "XRF guns" that perform a metal
       | composition analysis on the spot and present the readout in a
       | very easy-to-consume way on a small LCD screen. And you can buy
       | them on Amazon!
       | 
       | https://www.amazon.com/XRF/s?k=XRF
       | 
       | (They are not cheap.) But they are ridiculously useful and it
       | feels like a magic trick to point it at a piece of metal and have
       | an instant elemental readout. As you might guess, 99% of this is
       | to check whether a piece of gold/silver is actually gold/silver.
       | 
       | 2:
       | 
       | Unlike TFA's example, among US coins there are lots of
       | counterfeits out there that ARE made out of the proper base metal
       | (typically 90% gold, as much US gold coinage is composed).
       | 
       | Why on earth would someone do that? The answer is that in the
       | mid-20th century, many countries (including the US) imposed
       | restrictions on import and export of gold but had exclusions for
       | certain types of currency. So one clever way to transport
       | quantities of foreign gold into the United States was to make
       | sure you were transporting exempted US currency. So many
       | countries developed sophisticated counterfeiting techniques to
       | turn non-US-coinage gold into US-coinage gold. This worked quite
       | well for getting gold into the US but has been a thorn in the
       | side of collectors here for a while, since you might buy a rare
       | US gold coin that's actually truly made of gold and yet is still
       | a counterfeit :(
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | > _since you might buy a rare US gold coin that 's actually
         | truly made of gold and yet is still a counterfeit :(_
         | 
         | That's fascinating! What a funny situation.
         | 
         | Is there actually any way to detect a counterfeit coin that is
         | made of the right materials? It seems like all you've got to go
         | on is the physical shape and relief. But that seems far easier
         | to match perfectly than paper bills.
         | 
         | Is there at least any way to tell "old" counterfeits from
         | modern ones?
        
           | nlh wrote:
           | Yes, thankfully, there is a way to detect the fakes. It's
           | really about the level of detail that you look at. An
           | untrained eye probably would not be able to tell the
           | difference, but to someone who looks at the real deal day in
           | and day out, the fakes are often very very easy to spot.
           | 
           | Coin nerds study the real ones in excruciating detail - to
           | the point that people catalog not only the various dies that
           | were used to strike various coins but the states of those
           | dies (i.e. Early die state == pristine coins. Middle die
           | state == a crack or chip might have started to form which
           | presents as a raised line or spot on the surface of struck
           | coins. Late die state == chunks of the die might be
           | missing.). This is often done through reverse engineering --
           | examining enough examples of struck coins to identify
           | differences in the the dies used. The dies themselves can be
           | identified through unique markers -- a polish line here, the
           | exact positioning of a letter, a microscopic defect, etc.
           | 
           | So when you are able to identify the known dies, a
           | counterfeit will stick out like a sore thumb. And if it was
           | made from a cast copy of a known-good coin, then those will
           | have their own telltale giveaways.
           | 
           | In short: The counterfeits will always have subtle
           | differences.
        
         | TacticalCoder wrote:
         | > ... restrictions on import and export of gold but had
         | exclusions for certain types of currency
         | 
         | I think something not entirely dissimilar is still true in some
         | cases: there are limits, in various countries around the world,
         | as to how much you can cross the border with without warning
         | the customs _but_ for some coins it 's the face value, not the
         | actual value, that counts. So for example someone can take
         | shitloads of $50 gold coins that are actually worth $2000
         | (instead of $50) and legally cross the border with 40x the
         | actual limit without having to warn the customs.
         | 
         | I may be mistaken though.
        
         | joshstrange wrote:
         | > you can buy handheld "XRF guns" that perform a metal
         | composition analysis on the spot
         | 
         | Oh wow that's really neat, feels like something out of Star
         | Trek (Tricorder).
         | 
         | > (They are not cheap.)
         | 
         | Ok, but what is "not cheap"? A hundred? A couple hundred? Might
         | be a cool thing to have
         | 
         |  _Clicks link_
         | 
         | Oh dear god, $20K-40K. Yep, I think I'll pass but super cool
         | nonetheless. Thank you for introducing me to that technology!
        
           | djmips wrote:
           | A Ben Krasnow demo and teardown (Applied Science YouTube)
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdfHVcU8U7U
        
             | nlh wrote:
             | That is awesome!! Thanks for sharing that link.
        
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