[HN Gopher] Software engineering salaries come from one of three...
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       Software engineering salaries come from one of three budgets
        
       Author : serialx
       Score  : 464 points
       Date   : 2024-01-03 05:25 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (swizec.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (swizec.com)
        
       | dbetteridge wrote:
       | Background is completely white and text unreadable, toggling
       | 'modes' fixes this but I presume its related to OSX and
       | dark/light mode.
       | 
       | Chrome Version 120.0.6099.109 (Official Build) (arm64)
        
       | mooreds wrote:
       | In addition to knowing which bucket your salary comes from, I
       | think it is also useful to know how your organization values
       | building software. Because this affects your career just as much.
       | 
       | * Is your company selling software development hours
       | (consulting)? I'm this car you'll be valued for client relations
       | skills and the ability to bang out acceptable software.
       | 
       | * Is your company selling a software product (product company)?
       | In this case you'll be valued for your ability to build and run
       | software.
       | 
       | * Is your company selling something else that has a software
       | component or that software enables (pretty much every other
       | company)? In this case, you'll be valued for your ability to
       | deliver on or below budget and you'll never be the star of the
       | show.
       | 
       | Funnily enough, these seem to map well to the three categories
       | the author mentioned. Consulting to sales/marketing, product to
       | research and development, everyone else to maintenance.
        
         | zerr wrote:
         | > * Is your company selling a software product (product
         | company)
         | 
         | In the B2B world it is common to have a complex enough product
         | that needs training services and tech support as well. Some
         | vendors also add exams/certifications on top of it.
        
           | mooreds wrote:
           | That's fair, I was painting with a broad brush.
           | 
           | Once you get to a certain size of consulting company, you may
           | also have an r&d department or someone responsible for
           | building common libraries or knowledge repositories, for
           | example.
        
         | Scarblac wrote:
         | Or a combination. I'm in a pretty small company (about 80
         | people total, 15 devs) and worked on all three of those last
         | year.
        
           | mooreds wrote:
           | I'm a bit confused. You worked as a consultant selling hours,
           | one a software product sold for a price and also on an
           | internal enablement tool for the same company?
        
             | jaymzcampbell wrote:
             | Not the OP but I can believe it - where I work the main
             | business is consultancy style work but to support that work
             | there's custom generic software developed to sell/license
             | to clients as part of a value add and there's dozens of
             | internal tooling to support delivery teams. We have
             | developers that will move between all 3 of those areas
             | depending on their current allocation to client work.
        
               | mooreds wrote:
               | Sounds awesome! Thanks for illuminating me. How are these
               | different work streams prioritized?
               | 
               | At first glance seems like the last category would suffer
               | unless someone was "on the bench".
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | Scarblac's mentions a company that only has 15
               | developers. That means time spent on internal tooling
               | like, say, improving the CI system has direct benefits
               | for the other 14 developers, all of whom probably report
               | to the same boss.
        
               | IggleSniggle wrote:
               | In a smaller company it's not hard for "invisible" (like
               | CI) contributions to be actually seen and noticed by both
               | leadership and by the people you work with every day. And
               | on the other hand, if you're a dev working on product and
               | getting work done is a lot harder than it should be,
               | you've got a strong incentive to pause product work and
               | focus on "maintenance" work.
               | 
               | When almost a quarter of the company (15 devs) can both
               | see and feel your contribution to make their lives easier
               | and more productive, you've got a pretty strong political
               | position even if you aren't directly producing product.
               | This is true even if you produce, say, an internal
               | dashboard: you're known as the one dev who took time out
               | to help the 20 sales people sell better (or whatever);
               | you know their names, and they know yours.
        
               | jaymzcampbell wrote:
               | We have a process whereby people can request a change
               | after a certain period (and team permitting) to allow
               | people to rotate amongst different clients and different
               | work streams. I think it's usually after 6 months on one
               | particular thing you are eligible to request
               | reassignment. Won't always be approved ofc.
        
             | 9dev wrote:
             | I've done this myself, too. We were building a WhatsApp-
             | based support ticket system, that was the product; for
             | large customers, we'd build chat bots (glorified decision
             | trees) on hourly billing; and internally, we'd have an
             | integrated CRM system and messaging API that other systems
             | would rely on. Over the course of two years, I worked on
             | all three.
        
             | sumtechguy wrote:
             | Some consulting companies also have software they sell as
             | well as internal things that need to be done. They can have
             | a 'boxed software' that gets 90% of their customers. Then
             | consulting on top for the customers that do not want to do
             | anything themselves or something the boxed software doesn't
             | do. Plus you have internal r&d projects or other things.
        
             | Scarblac wrote:
             | Yes. About 40 of us are water managent consultants, I write
             | tools for them to use in their projects (based on our
             | products). Also sometimes we do projects where we write
             | custom (water management related) software for customers,
             | as consultants. And we have a few products of our own,
             | mulyi tenant web apps, that similar customers buy licenses
             | for, that I also work on.
        
         | verinus wrote:
         | this.
         | 
         | first company is good for starters to get to know others.
         | 
         | third should be avoided if you want to stay in software and not
         | transition to management. You will always be seen as a
         | necessary evil, your problems not understood while others
         | working on core products will be perceived as an asset.
         | 
         | second one is the one to make a career in software dev.
        
           | resonious wrote:
           | I actually had a pretty good time at a third-category place.
           | When you're writing software for a non-tech company, it means
           | your customers are very close - often in the same building,
           | working at the same time. You can watch them use the
           | software, hear complaints in real time, and push solutions
           | very fast.
           | 
           | In my case, I might've been lucky, though. One of the co-
           | founders had a CS degree and deeply valued the productivity
           | boost we got from custom software.
        
             | verinus wrote:
             | ofc individual experiences might differ! it certainly
             | depends on the company and leadership. From my experience
             | in a bigger one understanding ended when leadership was
             | needed in software areas, but leadership was recruited only
             | from the other domain...
        
             | rprospero wrote:
             | Along those lines, one of the most toxic places I've ever
             | encountered for developers was at a company that sold b2b
             | software. You would think that developers would be valued
             | for creating the product, but they were fully treated as a
             | cost centre. The profit centre was the sales team who went
             | out and got companies to send money. The developers merely
             | existed because legal said that, for compliance reasons,
             | the firm was required to provide the costumers with
             | software after the client paid for said software (legal
             | accounted for 24% of the company's budget while software
             | development was 15%). If the sales team promised something
             | that the software couldn't do (e.g. track the position of
             | any cell phone in the country with just a phone number in
             | the early 90's before smart phones), then any refund owed
             | to the client would come out of the product team's budget.
             | The salesman (they were all men) would not be required to
             | return his commission, since he _did_ his job and got
             | someone to sign a cheque.
             | 
             | Surprisingly enough, the company was _not_ Oracle.
        
             | makk wrote:
             | > In my case, I might've been lucky, though. One of the co-
             | founders had a CS degree and deeply valued the productivity
             | boost we got from custom software.
             | 
             | This. A mentor told me, "[As a software developer], never
             | work for a company with a CEO who has never pushed code to
             | production."
             | 
             | I think you miss some good places to work by following that
             | advice, but you avoid a ton that are worth avoiding.
        
           | ttymck wrote:
           | > second one is the one to make a career in software dev.
           | 
           | Your comment and a dozen others make this out to be so black
           | and white. If this is true then why am I finding it so
           | difficult to make a career out of these situations. I find it
           | impossible to identify companies in this category that are
           | good to work for. Does anyone have any heuristics, or should
           | I keep bouncing from one to the next until I get lucky?
        
             | granshaw wrote:
             | Just look for "good WLB" in the Glassdoor/blind reviews,
             | AND that the company is healthy (doesn't need to be a
             | rocket ship) business wise
        
         | michael_leachim wrote:
         | What category is Amazon? (the marketplace). It looks like a
         | third category (company sells something else, but it has a
         | software component supporting it).
         | 
         | I am asking because I am working in a company with similar
         | business model and I am trying to figure out what category does
         | my work belong to.
         | 
         | thank you.
         | 
         | EDIT: fix msg
        
           | strikelaserclaw wrote:
           | I think there is nuance here, even within a product company,
           | not all software is equal. There's software to support core
           | business (think ads in Google) and there's probably software
           | to support internal dashboards (also in Google), I'm sure
           | engineers working in ads in Google have much more leverage
           | than those working in making dashboards for ops or some
           | internal ticketing system. Conversely, I'm sure the companies
           | we traditionally think software is just needed to support the
           | core business also have software lines which generate income
           | or is critical to their core business.
        
             | michael_leachim wrote:
             | thank you, maybe it is easier to understand
             | 
             | when you ask whether business will halt and die if the
             | system you are responsible for is down or suddenly absent
             | 
             | or
             | 
             | it is going to be a mild inconvenience.
             | 
             | I think, defined like this makes it less ambiguous
             | 
             | edit: fix msg
        
               | mooreds wrote:
               | > when you ask whether business will halt and die if the
               | system you are responsible for is down or suddenly absent
               | 
               | This is a great way to put it.
               | 
               | I also ask myself the question: "who are the rockstars"
               | at a company. The folks that are celebrated.
               | 
               | If it isn't a developer/engineer, you aren't at a
               | category 2 company.
        
               | michael_leachim wrote:
               | thank you, I've got something to think about.
        
           | jimbokun wrote:
           | Over the years, Amazon has gone more and more in the
           | direction of the software being the product.
           | 
           | As an immense e-commerce site, the software enabling all the
           | sales was the key differentiator to the competition.
           | 
           | Then they brought in external sellers, making the e-commerce
           | platform more directly a product.
           | 
           | Then of course they started selling the infrastructure
           | directly as a product, as AWS. Which of course relies on
           | software to automate the provisioning, operation, and
           | monitoring of those computing resources.
        
             | michael_leachim wrote:
             | thank you, so it more dependent not on a type of company
             | but on how the company runs itself.
             | 
             | It can have its main product not in software, but it can
             | bet on R&D in order to outrun their competition.
             | 
             | And the other way around is true too, that is how you get
             | bad software products which somehow always stays afloat
             | because of exclusive focus on sales.
             | 
             | I agree that AWS is indeed a software product, this one is
             | obvious.
        
           | chadash wrote:
           | Amazon is unique. If you look at their revenue, the vast
           | majority comes from E-Commerce. But if you look at their
           | profits, the majority comes from AWS.
           | 
           | AWS is indisputably a software org, so it's clear that their
           | senior leaders value software engineering. But I think that
           | even Amazon's marketplace _sees itself_ as a software org.
           | From the early days, they always saw software as being a
           | competitive advantage.
        
             | michael_leachim wrote:
             | I agree that AWS is a software org, I am interested in
             | E-Commerce in this particular case. Thank you for response
        
             | hooverd wrote:
             | You can definitely tell the difference in priorities for
             | end users between Amazon.com and AWS too.
        
             | ted6767 wrote:
             | Amazon is a partial monopoly so it depends on where you're
             | working. Your team could be any of the 3 areas mentioned
             | under the same umbrella.
             | 
             | Honestly a good manager will do more for your job than
             | anything else.
        
           | nonameiguess wrote:
           | These categories are nowhere as cut and dry as HN seems to
           | often think. Netflix is an even better example than Amazon.
           | Infrastructure and delivery is certainly somewhat of a
           | competitive advantage, but their product is not software at
           | all. They're a media company, a production studio, a
           | distributor. People like Shonda Rhimes are the true
           | superstars and they get $500 million contracts that reflect
           | that. It doesn't mean you can't have an extremely rewarding,
           | well-compensated career as an engineer there, but you're
           | still not Chris Hemsworth. You're not what their users really
           | care about. Without content, there is nothing to sell, no
           | matter how strong the software is.
           | 
           | Then you have something like a Raytheon. They're a far purer
           | "technology" company than any FAANG other than Apple.
           | Hardware and software is literally all they sell. No ads, no
           | media, no communities. But very few of the products made
           | there are owned by the company. They're made on behalf of
           | third-party buyers, usually the US military, which puts you
           | in category 3 according to this kind of breakdown, but that
           | is extremely misleading. You're not a cost center. The pay
           | tends to be lower compared to silicon valley standards
           | because of government acquisition laws and the huge number of
           | hiring constraints that have nothing to do with technical
           | excellence, but you're still the primary value creator and
           | the military program you're working for will treat you that
           | way. This one is arguably even weirder because the actual
           | "product" of the military is war and the superstars are the
           | soldiers, pilots, line officers. Technology developers are
           | always in a support role, but that isn't any different from
           | working for Apple or Microsoft. Whoever is actually using
           | those products isn't deriving value simply from using a
           | computer. They're doing real world work with it and that work
           | is what they really care about. Technology is always an
           | enabler. Nonetheless, technology developers for the military
           | make a lot more money and have far easier jobs than even a
           | four-star general, so which role do you really want?
        
             | michael_leachim wrote:
             | 100% second this, thank you
             | 
             | it is hard to say almost 99% product is not engineering but
             | what it enables company to do. In a sense this division is
             | psychological: either company cares about engineering and
             | makes it a priority or it doesn't.
             | 
             | I think good proxy would be tooling which company uses,
             | niche languages like Clojure/Erlang, open source activity,
             | well known people in decision making positions rather than
             | specific business type.
        
         | vegetablepotpie wrote:
         | As a third bullet point person, never ever attempt to solve
         | interesting technical problems.
         | 
         | I've made that mistake, I've been asked into meetings and asked
         | "how's it going" then promptly told "don't tell me the
         | details."
         | 
         | Working in bullet point three means working on boring,
         | forgettable solutions. You may find yourself making valid
         | technical solutions that are political suicide.
        
         | jimbokun wrote:
         | To simplify, you always always always want to be working in
         | bullet point 2, if at all possible.
         | 
         | In the other two, you are a cost to be minimized or eliminated.
         | Only if you are working on one of the companies core products
         | are you an asset bringing revenue into the company.
        
           | jonfw wrote:
           | With #1- you are the product
        
             | Closi wrote:
             | All jobs are transactional, the transaction is just more
             | clear-cut with #1.
        
           | Closi wrote:
           | I disagree - It depends on your career aspirations, your
           | skillset, the company, and the type of software you like
           | making.
           | 
           | If you are a great communicator and have a great ability to
           | just 'get stuff done', you might be a superstar in 1 & 3, and
           | you might find working in bullet point two highly
           | frustrating.
           | 
           | With number 2 you are more likely to be working on a tiny
           | part of a larger application.
           | 
           | My brother went from bashing out big scrappy functional
           | software with lots of client interaction (option 1 or 3) and
           | moved to a bigger product organisation where he is suddenly
           | working on a team building a microservice for a larger
           | application, but doesn't feel like he is making the same
           | direct impact (i.e. it can be more satisfying to make 10
           | people's jobs 10% easier compared to than making 1 million's
           | peoples jobs 0.1% easier). He would rather build some scrappy
           | tools that gets the job done than build highly refined
           | software, just because the scrappy programming to meet an end
           | is more satisfying to him (and is generally the bit where you
           | can build fast value!).
        
             | chii wrote:
             | > (i.e. it can be more satisfying to make 10 people's jobs
             | 10% easier compared to than making 1 million's peoples jobs
             | 0.1% easier)
             | 
             | i think in this case, it's got nothing to do with the
             | impact, but to do with the intimacy with the users. This
             | has more to do with the organization rather than the
             | category outlined in the OP.
        
             | Supermancho wrote:
             | As a software developer, I rather work at a company that
             | sells billions of dollars in merchandise, with a huge
             | amount of software to maintain doing that and endless
             | middle management ideas to build on (most of which won't
             | amount to anything). Job security. Lots of opportunities to
             | move around and nobody needs to know how the reference was
             | about all the s-shows, when you go somewhere else.
        
             | ted6767 wrote:
             | I would also add career longevity and security. I work at a
             | number 3, I wrote and maintain all the logistics stuff.
             | Every product they sell goes through my code to package
             | parts, put it together and get it out the door. Average
             | time working here is measured in decades not years. It
             | would take a new person roughly a year to figure out what's
             | going on. It's incredibly complicated cash cow that
             | complies with a slew of national and international
             | regulations related to health care. I know more than I ever
             | want to about HIPAA, international equivalents and
             | transportation of hazardous and infections goods.
             | 
             | I wouldn't mind switching to #1 and doubling my paycheck
             | but for now I could float here until I die, and many do.
        
               | granshaw wrote:
               | How's the workload?
        
               | killjoywashere wrote:
               | Labcorp?
        
           | ravenstine wrote:
           | Eh, I don't think it's that clear cut. I've worked in all
           | three types, and there were positives and negatives to each,
           | and none are necessarily better than the other. I will say
           | that #2 tends to be the most reliable and tolerant of your
           | faults.
        
           | michaelsalim wrote:
           | It depends on the person and the company as others have said.
           | Personally, I found no 3 to be pretty nice in competent
           | companies. On the other hand, I wouldn't want to work with
           | companies like no 1 again. And no 2 can be quite a mixed bag.
        
           | sbrother wrote:
           | Actually #1 is my favorite, as I'm better at technical sales
           | and rapid prototyping than I am at slow, FAANG style
           | politicking, planning, risk mitigation and eventual
           | development. I've done both at various points in my career
           | and consistently make about ~twice as much money running my
           | own consultancy, not to mention I'm so much happier in that
           | environment.
        
             | granshaw wrote:
             | Do you get much stress in terms of sometimes not being
             | "rapid" enough, not having anyone to rely on apart from
             | yourself (assuming you're solo), and finding business?
        
               | sbrother wrote:
               | Not really, because I always maintain at least a few
               | clients so I'm not too worried about losing one. Once you
               | have a solid pipeline, losing a client becomes just part
               | of the business, not the scary emotional experience of
               | "getting fired".
               | 
               | And I have a network of other independents I can bring in
               | to help out with things. They're a good source of leads
               | for me as well.
        
           | hgomersall wrote:
           | Most companies should treat software as a core product. Not
           | many do.
        
           | patmorgan23 wrote:
           | Nah there's still tons a variability. Some companies are
           | great some are poor, and different people like working in
           | different environments. #2 might be YOUR ideal workplace but
           | it's not everyones.
        
         | electrondood wrote:
         | > Is your company selling software development hours
         | (consulting)?
         | 
         | From working with contractors, this bucket also motivates you
         | to strongly optimize for number of sprint points delivered, not
         | quality/reusability/maintainability.
        
         | kayodelycaon wrote:
         | I chose to make a career out of #3, specifically logistics. I
         | know how stuff gets from vendor to customer.
         | 
         | This isn't something you can buy out of a box. It's usually
         | heavily customized and made out of multiple systems were never
         | design to work together. Every company does this differently.
         | 
         | I enjoy this. I'm good at thinking through whole systems across
         | a company's many departments. This requires knowledge of
         | internal politics to navigate through problems. This is were
         | I'm valuable. As a programmer, I'm good, but can't match the
         | expertise of someone who makes a career out of programming.
        
           | ted6767 wrote:
           | Brother
        
           | ptsneves wrote:
           | I am in the same camp. I also don't think it is bad in
           | compensation terms because lots of this maintenance work is
           | often called devops and devops is well paid from my point of
           | view. I do the logistics for embedded or SaaS. It has been
           | good and it is often cool to login to devices that are seen
           | as a black box by any other person in the world. I also know
           | that when something is on fire the maintenance guy is the one
           | being begged by the sales guys and higher management.
           | Maintenance people end up being debugging gods.
        
         | DayDollar wrote:
         | Missing the hackernews part of product to research and
         | development,: Is your company planning to use the exponential
         | growth nature of software to enter into a overlooked niche or
         | rapidly take over a existing industry? In that case, product
         | development does not really catch the situation. Cause using
         | the situation, closing time window till competition appears or
         | funds run out, is way more important than the product or its
         | quality
        
           | shermantanktop wrote:
           | Seems like a variation of #1 where the rewards are
           | probabilistic and lumpy. I agree that the motivations and
           | resulting behaviors end up pretty different.
        
         | irrational wrote:
         | > Is your company selling something else that has a software
         | component or that software enables (pretty much every other
         | company)?
         | 
         | I'm not sure this is true? If my company sells food or clothing
         | or shoes, they don't have a software component. I'm not sure
         | what the breakdown is, but my gut feeling is "pretty much every
         | other company" is wrong.
         | 
         | I work for a company that makes clothing and shoes. We have an
         | enormous tech organization, but we aren't a consulting company,
         | don't sell software, and don't put software into our products.
        
           | jeremyjh wrote:
           | This is an article about software engineering - for software
           | engineers. In this context it should not be hard to reason
           | that companies that do not employ any software people are out
           | of scope. Of course they exist.
        
             | irrational wrote:
             | But, my company does employ thousands of software people.
             | We just don't sell consulting, sell software to other
             | people, or sell products that use software.
        
               | alephnerd wrote:
               | I'm guessing GAP.
        
               | digging wrote:
               | You misunderstand. The third group is not only companies
               | that sell software-based products, the third group
               | includes companies that use software to sell their
               | products or manage other aspects of the business. Having
               | an in-house online store is an example.
               | 
               | That presumably puts your company in that group, just
               | like mine (or else I have no clue what thousands of
               | software people would be doing on the payroll).
               | 
               | I bet our two companies have very different reliances on
               | technology, but we're both in the same group, because all
               | of our software supports our sales of our actual goods
               | and services.
        
           | alephnerd wrote:
           | Logistics and e-commerce is a component of commerce (aka
           | selling)
           | 
           | That said, you will absolutely be a cost center.
        
           | toast0 wrote:
           | Your shoes and clothes don't have a software component (well,
           | most don't), but in most producers, software enables their
           | production.
           | 
           | Inventory management, production automation, order management
           | is software at pretty much every company now, because doing
           | it with paper or in people's head is error prone. I imagine
           | your tech organization is in an enabling role.
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | > If my company sells food or clothing or shoes, they don't
           | have a software component.
           | 
           | E-commerce? I can't think of any chains without a website, or
           | any large enough that 'company' seems apt that don't sell via
           | it.
           | 
           | > I work for a company that makes clothing and shoes. We have
           | an enormous tech organization, but we aren't a consulting
           | company, don't sell software, and don't put software into our
           | products.
           | 
           | Ok that's the 'or that software enables' isn't it?
        
             | irrational wrote:
             | I guess we are interpreting the third bullet point
             | differently. I interpreted "Is your company selling
             | something else that has a software component" as something
             | like a car that has software built into it. And, I
             | interpreted "or that software enables" as something like a
             | board game that requires the use of a mobile app (like The
             | Search for Planet X). In other words, the products are not
             | useable without the software. Whereas, a t-shirt doesn't
             | have a software component and isn't enabled by software
             | (though, I could imagine a t-shirt with a QR code that is
             | enabled by software, but that isn't the norm).
        
               | mooreds wrote:
               | Ah, sorry, when I wrote "that software enables" I meant
               | you use some kind of software tool to help ship your
               | product or service. That could be excel macros, SAP,
               | custom POS systems or anything else. If it is customized
               | or built in-house, you'll need developers.
               | 
               | Sorry I wasn't clearer.
        
           | golergka wrote:
           | Retailers of all kinds employ enormous amount of data
           | analytics, data engineers and software engineers.
        
           | OkayPhysicist wrote:
           | Pepsi's hiring Elixir developers for their backend and
           | logistics systems. Pretty much every company of significant
           | scale realizes they can either save money or gain some
           | advantage from using custom software.
        
             | dver wrote:
             | Very much this.
             | 
             | What ever is being manufactured, the real product is data
             | for process improvements, improve product quality.
        
           | patmorgan23 wrote:
           | Not every company hires software developers of course. But
           | every type of business will when they get big enough. They
           | may not call them developers but I bet you have some people
           | doing business process automation that are basically
           | developers.
        
         | hackernoteng wrote:
         | My experiences: 1) programmer in IT department of major
         | newspaper: disregarded as IT geek. very small salary. the worst
         | office spaces. 2) senior engineer in software startup: rockstar
         | treatment, stock options, all the things you would expect as
         | office culture 3) senior consultant at IT consulting company:
         | must basically be a sales guy who writes good PowerPoints.
         | Maximize billable hours. What ever you do dont complete a
         | project quickly or with minimum amount of code.
         | 
         | you can probably guess where I am now.
        
           | hackernoteng wrote:
           | The consulting company gig paid alright. and all the guys who
           | stayed got really rich due to IPO. I left the second my
           | options vested. Literally when the transaction went
           | through... no regrets because it SUCKED
        
             | granshaw wrote:
             | How often do consulting companies ipo nowadays tho... heck
             | ipos in general have dwindled to a tiny number
        
           | jwineinger wrote:
           | Agree with these. I was a dev at a retailer that did
           | catalog/phone sales and was starting to use web. Small
           | salary, small PTO, no benefits. Pay increased when the
           | business had an existential crisis and came to rely much more
           | heavily on tech. Next was software consulting company
           | churning out sites designed by marketing agencies, billed to
           | the 15 min. Small salary, small PTO, some benefits. Then I
           | went into SaaS (startup, then a public company). Nice salary
           | + stock, great PTO, great benefits.
           | 
           | Aside from the comp/PTO/benefits, I learned that consulting
           | isn't for me. The client interactions felt... adversarial,
           | where they were trying to get more work for less money, while
           | we were doing the opposite. I did not like that constant
           | tension in conversations.
        
             | SOLAR_FIELDS wrote:
             | The point you made about consulting interactions resonates
             | with why I also ended up not liking consulting. It feels
             | like incentives are not aligned when doing software
             | consulting a lot of the time.
        
               | jncfhnb wrote:
               | Flat fees. Problem solved.
        
               | tessierashpool wrote:
               | flat fees fail for dev.
               | 
               | as soon as you encounter an unexpected problem, your
               | margin suffers. since unexpected problems can radically
               | alter dev time, your margin can be obliterated.
        
               | jncfhnb wrote:
               | Make bigger margins
        
               | JasonSage wrote:
               | Not sure why you're getting down-voted.
               | 
               | If unexpected costs are shrinking your margin, you're
               | failing either:
               | 
               | 1. ...to negotiate the terms of your agreement correctly
               | (what constitutes additional scope and therefore
               | additional charges?). I will never take another client
               | project without first agreeing on an SRS for this reason.
               | 
               | 2. ...to negotiate a fee with a margin proportional to
               | the likelihood of unexpected situations arising. This is
               | a function of the accuracy of requirements by
               | simple/complicated/complex problem domains. I think this
               | is what parent is suggesting.
               | 
               | If clients don't like (2) they will work with you more on
               | (1) by providing more accurate requirements, which lets
               | you bucket some problems into more readily estimable
               | domains.
        
               | jncfhnb wrote:
               | Yeah. My answers are short but they're genuine.
               | 
               | What you're saying is a much clearer answer. And what
               | you're saying is frankly pretty tough. But being a
               | consultant is more than just asking someone to shut up
               | and and pay you to code.
        
               | chasd00 wrote:
               | > Make bigger margins
               | 
               | if you can maximize margin on all fixed price work while
               | not pricing yourself out of the market you will dominate
               | software dev and also make millions selling books. hint:
               | it's not that easy.
               | 
               | handling fixed price software dev is like handling
               | dynamite.
        
               | tamimio wrote:
               | Curious to know every consultant flat fees and/or the
               | metrics they use to determine it, since you will be
               | charging for the "value" rather than the fixed hourly
               | rate.
        
               | A1kmm wrote:
               | I think it is flat fees which create the problem in the
               | first place. There are six commonly recognised general
               | project variables: cost, time, scope, quality, benefit,
               | risk.
               | 
               | So suppose you've fixed cost, have you fixed the other
               | five project variables too? If yes, you've just
               | reinvented waterfall - which is fine if you have a very
               | well defined task you repeat often, and there is little
               | chance of much scope variation being desirable. It still
               | might be adversarial in that you, as a consultant, might
               | do the same process for every client, but it might be
               | your first time working with a client, who expected more
               | than the scope, or disagrees with your interpretation of
               | the scoping document supplied.
               | 
               | Now suppose it is a much more bespoke task, where both
               | sides need to discover some things about what works. You
               | are likely to learn that part of the plan you originally
               | had won't work to capture the benefits. Now the actual
               | scope required is bigger; perhaps that is a risk you
               | take. But perhaps one client realises some big scope
               | requirement early, and deliberately takes advantage of
               | the fact your scope is variable to conceal this from you
               | when you set your fixed price; maybe you put some
               | language in to try to reduce this risk. And perhaps your
               | boss encourages you to use some of that language on an
               | honest client who did genuinely try to communicate the
               | scope, to make the client pay. Everything is once again
               | back to being adversarial.
               | 
               | I think time and materials contracts are actually the
               | best for aligning incentives - the consultant gives their
               | best attempt at an accurate estimate of the work, and the
               | client can freely change things as they go along - but
               | carry the risk of cost changes. If the consultant is poor
               | at estimation, doesn't give frank advice, or does low
               | quality or slow work, the client ends the contract with
               | the consultant and gets a better consultant, and since it
               | is time and materials, it is clear what is payable and
               | who owns what - so ultimately everything is well aligned.
        
           | teaearlgraycold wrote:
           | > Maximize billable hours. What ever you do dont complete a
           | project quickly or with minimum amount of code.
           | 
           | OOF
        
           | antod wrote:
           | _> Maximize billable hours. What ever you do dont complete a
           | project quickly or with minimum amount of code._
           | 
           | There's a real continuum of engagement budget here - at the
           | other end of the scale you have the opposite problem where
           | the fees are barely adequate, and your success is based on
           | systemitizing shortcuts to crash out cookie cutter minimum
           | viable products, and being able to get clients to actually
           | cough up.
        
         | golergka wrote:
         | > Is your company selling something else that has a software
         | component or that software enables (pretty much every other
         | company)? In this case, you'll be valued for your ability to
         | deliver on or below budget and you'll never be the star of the
         | show.
         | 
         | Trading companies are one of the very innovative in IT and
         | offer software engineers salaries that are higher that FAANG.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | > you'll never be the star of the show.
         | 
         | This is far too kind. If you work eg for a hardware
         | manufacturer, not only won't you be the star, but good luck
         | getting any respect. You are a cost. One they wish they didn't
         | have to pay. Delivering on time and under budget doesn't put
         | you on their radar, it takes you off.
        
           | badpun wrote:
           | Depends on the hardware manufacturer. From what I know,
           | developers at Intel are treated pretty well. It all depends
           | on how integral the software component is to the overall
           | product's market success. In the case of Intel, a GPU with
           | poor and buggy drivers is not gonna sell, so software is
           | pretty important.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | Isn't Intel struggling now because their definition of
             | 'pretty well' wasn't good enough and they lost key people
             | to competitors?
        
         | deadbabe wrote:
         | #2 is the best because if you can do your job quickly and
         | efficiently you can minimize the amount of actual time you
         | spend working as long as you are delivering the software.
        
           | mastersummoner wrote:
           | Well I agree with you, there are definitely developers out
           | there who are completely happy with a 9 to 5 punch card type
           | job.
        
       | DeathArrow wrote:
       | What if you are one of the only few who know how to maintain a
       | Cobol system for a bank? Aren't you very valuable?
        
         | Nextgrid wrote:
         | There's nothing particularly difficult about Cobol, it _can_ be
         | learned, and with enough effort, all the undocumented existing
         | code can be understood and reverse-engineered enough to be able
         | to make changes. It 's not pleasant work, but it's doable.
         | 
         | If there was value in it, salaries/consulting rates would
         | reflect it and people would be queuing up to learn it and make
         | good money. That isn't happening, so it seems like Cobol devs
         | aren't actually _that_ valuable to these companies.
        
           | andyjohnson0 wrote:
           | There was a comment on HN a while back to the effect that the
           | well-known stories of COBOL devs being dragged out of
           | retirement to earn massive consulting payments was a myth.
           | They were actually being paid good, but not extremely good,
           | rates for their knowledge of the business logic embedded in
           | old code-bases. The implementation language was largely
           | irrelevant.
        
         | izacus wrote:
         | You're valuable in a way where everyone really wants to get rid
         | of you and is planning hard on how to do that.
        
         | w4tty wrote:
         | No. Because COBOL maintenance is outsourced to the third world.
        
           | vanderZwan wrote:
           | Do you seriously suggest that _banks_ outsource the
           | maintenance of the mainframes that process their money
           | transfers? If so I 'd like to see a source, because the only
           | articles I have read about on this topic (e.g. [0]) tell me
           | the exact opposite: it's all in-house the risks are too high.
           | For larger banks it's practically a national security risk.
           | Maybe the software they use is from abroad (usually ancient
           | IBM shit), but that's not the same.
           | 
           | [0] https://ezali.substack.com/p/interviewing-my-mother-a-
           | mainfr...
        
             | nijave wrote:
             | They don't "out source", they in-source by opening
             | technology hubs in cheaper locations.
        
               | vanderZwan wrote:
               | Again, I would like to see a source. I'm not saying
               | you're wrong. Maybe you're talking about small banks in
               | the US or something, of which I know basically nothing. I
               | am thinking of examples like Nordea, the bank in the
               | article I linked, which has a market share of around 20%
               | in Sweden[0] _and_ handles the government 's bank
               | accounts. Especially that last part makes me extremely
               | skeptical that the Swedish government would be OK with
               | handing over the keys to their economic kingdom to cheap
               | digital labor abroad so a company might save some money.
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordea#History
        
               | geodel wrote:
               | Well my brother worked in BNY Mellon India center. They
               | have thousands of people and work core banking
               | processing. BofA have their own India development center
               | with thousands of employees. And this is outside of 10s
               | of thousands outsourced to Tata, Infy etc.
               | 
               | You think core banking process like transfers/ trading is
               | some kinda crown jewel. It may be in terms of _messaging_
               | but most of core IT part is just a cost center.
               | 
               | Customer data and all need to be in their own secure data
               | centers for legal reasons but all the processes can be
               | designed, developed and executed from anywhere at lower
               | cost.
        
         | lifestyleguru wrote:
         | People get overly excited by some "last man standing" success
         | stories of a COBOL developer based in US of A. My only
         | encounter with COBOL developer was a freshly graduated girl
         | based in post Communist country, her earnings were something
         | around 25k EUR annually. I pointed out that her career might be
         | something of a dead end but she was more like "a job is a job".
         | Oh, and they were using some dinosaur version control as well.
        
           | ponector wrote:
           | I've seen a post on local job board in Poland, IBM was
           | looking for junior cobol engineer. Any student with some java
           | knowledge will fit, they said. I'm sure they will not pay
           | anything more than 25k eur anually.
           | 
           | Also if there is some legacy cobol system, many managers are
           | incentivised to gather a new team to write a replacement with
           | some modern technology stack. Cobol is definitely a dead end
           | for the career.
        
             | lifestyleguru wrote:
             | > legacy cobol system, many managers are incentivised to
             | gather a new team to write a replacement with some modern
             | technology stack.
             | 
             | Absolutely not in outsourcing centers like this. You're not
             | supposed to show any initiative or god forbid - design
             | anything. You grunt the COBOL until budget for the project
             | is zero.
        
           | rgblambda wrote:
           | >her earnings were something around 25k EUR annually.
           | 
           | That's a fairly good salary for a recent graduate in Eastern
           | Europe.
           | 
           | Although I admit it does illustrate your point that some
           | legacy tech stacks are quite easy to pick up.
        
         | chasd00 wrote:
         | > What if you are one of the only few who know how to maintain
         | a Cobol system for a bank? Aren't you very valuable?
         | 
         | The bank would see the situation (only one person knows the
         | Cobol system) an extreme risk and do whatever it takes to
         | mitigate that risk. The short term answer is to keep you hired
         | but the long term answer is to either find a steady supply of
         | Cobol programmers or move away from Cobol to something where
         | expertise is more available.
        
       | DeathArrow wrote:
       | I think profit center vs cost center is a better model.
        
         | vanderZwan wrote:
         | Why not combine them? Both give different insights that could
         | complement each other, no?
        
           | verinus wrote:
           | But I think it has a lot to do with how profit is made: if
           | you sell machinery for example that has a software part you
           | are a cost factor, even if software is required to run it.
           | Think of it as an in-house supplier that could even be
           | outsourced. Not that I think it is feasible, but upper
           | management does. And as long as they do, you won't rise far
           | building software in such a company...
        
         | joshka wrote:
         | This has been how I've usually define it too.
         | 
         | I like the addition of the R+D section because I think a good
         | Maintenance oriented team should be doing R+D related to
         | bringing their maintenance costs down the same way a good sales
         | team would be doing R+D to bring their sales profits up.
        
         | LudwigNagasena wrote:
         | I think it's a nonsensical model. Every department is ideally
         | responsible for both revenues and costs. If you can't measure
         | it, it is a problem of your KPIs. So the KPIs may be cost-
         | oriented (and thus badly aligned), it doesn't make the
         | department itself a cost center.
        
           | Kudos wrote:
           | Which department are you talking about? If your department
           | doesn't drive revenue, then the business leaders will see it
           | as a cost center. It doesn't matter if you disagree with that
           | perspective unless you can change their minds. How have you
           | done that in the past, or hypothetically how do you think
           | that might work?
        
             | anticorporate wrote:
             | This has been my experience as well.
             | 
             | It doesn't matter how many presentations and case studies
             | and financial models you build, whether you're a cost
             | center or not is basically entirely determined by what a
             | few people in the c-suite believe. This became blatantly
             | clear over the past year or so of layoffs, when the same
             | people who nodded and thanked teams for showing them how
             | they generate revenue for the business immediately turned
             | around and put them on the chopping block.
        
             | LudwigNagasena wrote:
             | It doesn't become any less nonsencial just because some
             | business leaders who are still stuck in 1980s believe in
             | it.
             | 
             | Both profit centers and cost centers are supposed to
             | increase profit, otherwise you wouldn't hire those people.
             | If a department doesn't drive profit, then just axe it and
             | stop wasting money on it. If you can't [1], then it
             | actually drives profit, you just have no idea how. The fact
             | that you can't set proper KPIs to measure impact doesn't
             | imply absence of impact, and of course it doesn't imply
             | that you should treat it as if it has no impact.
             | 
             | Departments are engaged either in primary or support
             | activities. And those activities are either efficient and
             | optimal or not. Your competitive advantage doesn't even
             | have to be your primary activity. If you are successful at
             | making fidgets because you hire, plan and budget better
             | than others in your industry; what insight can talking
             | about profit centers and cost centers provide to you?
             | 
             | [1] How is someone supposed to run a company without HR or
             | accounting?
        
               | count wrote:
               | You redefined cost / profit center as 'primary' or
               | 'support'. This is a circular argument.
        
               | Gormo wrote:
               | The cost center vs. profit center concept has some
               | utility for accounting, but overall it makes more sense
               | to model the business as a modular system seeking a
               | global optimum, a la Goldratt, rather than a set of
               | separate sub-organizations each to be optimized
               | separately.
               | 
               | In other words the _business as a whole_ should be viewed
               | as a singular profit center, and each department or
               | project should be evaluated in terms of how much it
               | contributes to optimizing the overall performance.
        
               | grecy wrote:
               | > _It doesn 't become any less nonsencial just because
               | some business leaders who are still stuck in 1980s
               | believe in it._
               | 
               | Of course it does.
               | 
               | Whatever your business leaders believe _is_ reality in
               | that company. It makes no difference what you or the
               | outside world believe.
               | 
               | You're either OK with it, or you need to get out ASAP.
        
               | feoren wrote:
               | "Business leaders" are almost universally short-sighted,
               | narrow-minded parasites focused on trying to fatten up
               | their own division so they can suck more of its blood for
               | 2 or 3 years before the next Musical Chairs game when
               | they'll compete with all the other psychopathic mouth-
               | breathers for the best seat, regardless of whether they
               | know a damn thing about whatever division or company they
               | end up in and subsequently pretend to "lead". It's an
               | entire societal caste of pathetic, worthless, ambivalent
               | assholes cosplaying as Business Magicians in order to
               | compete in their own corrupt feudalistic games against
               | each other to win the fattest host to parasitize. It's
               | the modern day Priest Caste. If you "get out ASAP" from
               | such companies, you will have _nowhere to work_.
        
               | grecy wrote:
               | I agree with everything you said, right up until the end.
               | 
               | I do believe there are still organizations (or at least
               | teams within) that have not been taken over by the
               | parasites you describe. It takes hard work and a lot of
               | looking, but they can be found.
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | It is a completely nonsensical model, and leads to completely
           | stupid decisions if applied.
           | 
           | But management uses it for every decision anyway.
        
       | thiago_fm wrote:
       | It doesn't matter where you work at, when layoffs come, the
       | executives will care about location, timezones, desire on
       | finishing the current project you are working on, (maybe)
       | performance etc. There are too many criteria and no clear pointer
       | on what is safe and what isn't.
       | 
       | Being part of a layoff and also watching other colleagues coming
       | from other Big Tech companies share their experiences, you'd see
       | people laid off from literally everywhere: key projects, R&D (I
       | was part of), sales, high-performing etc.
       | 
       | It's a financial decision, the cut NEEDS to happen once the
       | higher ups have decided and you can be cut, for you as an
       | employee, anything can happen.
       | 
       | Lots of R&D people end up being on the chopping block as well
       | because you could be suddenly in a very promising project, but
       | that the company no longer cares about, because some executive
       | above even the boss of your boss told it isn't a priority.
        
         | vsnf wrote:
         | The higher up the org chat you report to is, the safer your
         | position becomes. At one job, I reported directly to the still-
         | reigning cofounder of a long lived company. Never have I felt a
         | stronger sense of job security than that.
        
           | vasco wrote:
           | It's different security. Like in game of thrones in that
           | scenario you're as safe as your boss is, which will depend on
           | the evolving politics. Even founders get housted sometimes,
           | but I'd agree that I'd choose your scenario over others.
        
             | gtirloni wrote:
             | I can totally attest to that. I once worked for a company
             | where the CTO that was 3-4 levels above hired me directly
             | and I reported to him. It felt very empowering and
             | motivating because I was working on what he considered a
             | critical area for the day-to-day of the company. Once he
             | was gone, I suddenly was a huge problem to all the middle
             | managers that disagreed with the CTO.
             | 
             | If you happen to be in that situation, better to watch Game
             | of Thrones (which I did only for entertainment not for
             | work-related reasons). Ignore politics (like I did) at your
             | own peril.
        
               | mooreds wrote:
               | What would you have done differently? Built a better
               | relationship with the middle managers? Kept your ear to
               | the ground and left before the CTO did? Interviewed every
               | quarter so you'd be able to leave and land elsewhere?
               | Something else?
        
               | gtirloni wrote:
               | I think better relationship with middle managers and
               | maybe leave with the CTO if it made sense (it didn't, in
               | my case). I was too focused on doing things and assumed
               | the CTO was taking care of "winning the hearts" of middle
               | managers. He wasn't. It was a very top-bottom initiative
               | and that rarely works when culture is involved.
               | 
               | So yeah, I think I should have "managed up" so this
               | initiative wasn't tied to the specific CTO but was a
               | common agreement. If the CTO wasn't doing that, I guess I
               | should have called his attention to it or done it myself.
               | 
               | To be honest, middle managers not thinking it was
               | important is just baffling but that's another long story.
               | 
               | As for keeping ear to the ground, I wouldn't even attempt
               | that because I really suck at that (and it's distracting,
               | I'd rather leave). But many people have success with that
               | approach.
        
               | bomewish wrote:
               | There's a troubling/fascinating implication here:
               | generally we just want to 'do the thing', but it's rarely
               | that simple.
               | 
               | Often to be able to just 'do the thing' you have to game
               | out a bunch of this political/strategic stuff, and start
               | maneuvering across those dimensions, in order to create
               | or maintain the conditions under which you can just keep
               | doing the thing.
               | 
               | Yet the more you do that, and the more you think in that
               | way, the less of the thing you're doing...
        
               | maxrecursion wrote:
               | >>"He wasn't. It was a very top-bottom initiative and
               | that rarely works when culture is involved."
               | 
               | I work at a very large organization where the top is too
               | scared to give any direction whatsoever, so it's middle
               | managers and their lower staff henchman, that battle it
               | out over major decisions with politics and schemes to get
               | their preferred stuff implemented. It's more terrible
               | than you can imagine, I never seen a more chaotic place.
               | 
               | So, I just want to say top-down management isn't the
               | worst thing. I'd prefer that to no top down management at
               | all.
        
               | gtirloni wrote:
               | I'm on the same page. The problem in this case was a very
               | hands-free approach to management that suddenly changed
               | to top-down when the chaos produced almost daily outages.
               | So the very relaxed environment now had to somehow have
               | rigorous engineering practices... mandated from the top.
               | 
               | Reminds me of holacracy and how companies picked up the
               | pieces after that fad went away.
        
           | vincnetas wrote:
           | Because no manager would layoff him selfs even if his
           | position and project is obviously unnecessary. In other words
           | only above people can layoff below people :)
        
           | lp4vn wrote:
           | I already worked for companies where there were management
           | changes at a crazy pace, I'm not sure that all of them got
           | promoted and I have the impression that some of them might
           | have been fired as well.
           | 
           | I don't want to start a flame war but it's much easier to
           | replace a manager than a technical person, a technical job is
           | boring and most people don't want to do it while management
           | relies more on soft skills, something that most people can do
           | at a minimum level. Being a manager who's always employed is
           | more about social connections, if you don't befriend the
           | right people your job security might also be at risk.
        
             | forgotusername6 wrote:
             | Most people don't want to do technical jobs? That's not my
             | experience at all. We've had vacant management positions
             | for months because nobody wants to do that role. We'd get
             | no volunteers internally and only a handful of suitable
             | candidates would apply from outside.
        
               | lp4vn wrote:
               | If you ask people who come here, probably most of them
               | would choose a technical over a managerial position, but
               | I talk about the general population, of course. Being
               | someone who coordinates the work of other people is much
               | more amenable to human nature than banging your head
               | against a many times unintelligible mass of code.
               | 
               | But you can always check on linkedin the many hundreds of
               | people who apply to any managerial position.
        
               | apwell23 wrote:
               | trick is to hire women into technical positions and fast
               | track them into management. My company uses this strategy
               | and almost 90% of low/mid management and admin are women.
        
           | apwell23 wrote:
           | > The higher up the org chat you report to is, the safer your
           | position becomes
           | 
           | Last layoff at my company was predominantly of middle
           | managagers and very few line workers. Even meta layoff was
           | "the flattening".
           | 
           | surprised by your comment. Is there any data supporting this?
        
             | vsnf wrote:
             | No data, just an intuition about being closer to the power
             | centers.
        
               | apwell23 wrote:
               | I guess that makes sense. Level 1 and 2 managers are not
               | really closer to power centers despite being higher in
               | the org chain.
        
         | austin-cheney wrote:
         | In my experience there are two things that bring layoffs: poor
         | sales and bad product management.
         | 
         | When I was at Travelocity they had by far the best brand
         | awareness and marketing. They also had the best pricing
         | algorithms resulting in massive profit margins compared to the
         | competition. Nonetheless they were destroyed in the
         | marketplace. The biggest killer is that Expedia invested
         | heavily in sales to the sacrifice of everything else eventually
         | resulting in inventory relations teams 3-5x greater than what
         | Travelocity could dream of affording. That was enough to
         | achieve market dominance for Expedia.
         | 
         | Then to make that worse Travelocity only understood growth
         | which was a colossal strategic failure executives would repeat
         | over and over. When it became clear to the original executive
         | team they simply left the company. There was a later executive
         | that doubled down on this and in one year converted a $100
         | million business to a $60 million business. That guy is still a
         | travel industry executive.
         | 
         | The final nail in the coffin is poor product. It would fail at
         | checkout thereby dropping sales and those customers would never
         | come back. It costs too much to maintain because of poor
         | decisions about software execution. They would also make bad
         | decisions about new initiatives until they doubled down on A/B
         | testing. Then to compensate for all these product failures they
         | would over invest in advertising which drove more customers off
         | the site.
         | 
         | Poor software execution resulted in my layoff from my previous
         | job. The thing that has saved me from layoffs in the past was
         | having a skill that was both essential and difficult to replace
         | just by hiring. The thing that resulted in my layoff from the
         | last job was a fragile product and the unwillingness to fix
         | that product. This is why I have abandoned any kind of web
         | related work. More often than not terrible decisions are
         | intentionally made on the basis of immediate people replacement
         | or immediate feature delivery without regard for how shitty or
         | expensive the new feature is. So much of the time it feels like
         | children are running the daycare because people with inadequate
         | experience want to visibility and nobody wants to clean up
         | their messes.
        
           | lazyasciiart wrote:
           | Salesforce layoffs had no internal cause - just "investors
           | want us to cut costs". They selected people at random, and we
           | lost tons of people who were essential and difficult to
           | replace. Then they said "we can't guarantee there won't be
           | more, and we can't tell you any way to avoid being hit". And
           | then they said stuff about productivity going down but I
           | didn't care, surprise!
        
             | austin-cheney wrote:
             | Nobody wants to believe that they are easy to replace... as
             | they are laid off and replaced. So, comment redacted.
        
             | abirch wrote:
             | Peter Drucker called random firing amputation without
             | diagnosis.
        
             | gtirloni wrote:
             | Same situation at a different company, except they kept
             | telling us "we made sure this won't keep happening". Of
             | course few people believed and we lost many good engineers
             | that simply left because they couldn't have a major source
             | of income coming from such unstable place.
             | 
             | I like to believe executives know their workforce will
             | shrink more than the layoff numbers. They must know this.
             | They also must know it will be harder to hire new people.
             | They know this, right? Please someone tell me so.
        
               | mlrtime wrote:
               | >They must know this. They also must know it will be
               | harder to hire new people. They know this, right? Please
               | someone tell me so.
               | 
               | What time horizon are you thinking? People will forget
               | '22/'23 layoffs very quickly. This is especially true if
               | you made it through these last years, the market picks up
               | and you want to move.
        
               | gtirloni wrote:
               | I have no doubt people will forget in time (<5 years).
               | 
               | But anyone looking for a job ought to do due dilligence
               | when things pick up again and at least set the correct
               | expectations about how long their relationship with the
               | company could last if the market turns bad again.
        
               | geodel wrote:
               | Why? If anyone frequented this or many other forums
               | they'd know employers can terminate employee any time
               | without any reason whatsoever. Leave the job with as
               | little notice as possible because employers absolutely do
               | not care for you. And when last year it did happen people
               | here are feeling _hurt_ as if forever job promise is
               | broken.
        
             | dangus wrote:
             | I think this example is way more common than the situation
             | your parent commenter described. Most corporations don't
             | seem to be identifiably strategic about layoffs. They don't
             | make a coherent plan until the shit hits the fan and the
             | board dictates that a certain percentage must go.
             | 
             | I've been laid off three times and not once was my layoff a
             | result of a coherent strategy or reflective of my
             | utility/value to the team.
             | 
             | The first time, I was an accounting mistake. The company
             | quite literally hired me and numerous other contractors by
             | accident. The bean counters in corporate simply weren't
             | talking to each other and hiring managers somehow got their
             | reqs through.
             | 
             | The second time, I along with my new hire cohort was laid
             | off a month after my start date. I'm not even sure how a
             | company is so disorganized that they can go from approving
             | new hires to laying off those same new hires within a time
             | period that couldn't have been longer than 3 months.
             | 
             | The third time was similar except that it took place in a
             | slightly longer timespan, still less than a year. Company
             | management handled growth immaturely and irresponsibly,
             | choosing to bulk hire then lay off the cohort rather than
             | growing more conservatively. Paying 5 employees for almost
             | a year could have paid for one employee for over 3 years,
             | no layoff necessary.
        
             | marcosdumay wrote:
             | > Salesforce layoffs had no internal cause
             | 
             | This is the shared theme of most of the recent layoffs.
             | 
             | I don't know where the GP is coming from. Layoffs with
             | clear and local causes seem to be a tiny minority.
        
       | Guid_NewGuid wrote:
       | Maybe someone who knows more about this stuff can enlighten me.
       | From what I've heard there are actually only 2, opex and capex.
       | 
       | If I recall correctly capex is better for the business because of
       | how it gets treated in the accounting stuff. This naturally gives
       | rise to the feature factory style work of a lot of dev jobs. Some
       | reason like they can record capex spend as an asset with
       | depreciation. Is this true?
        
         | zer00eyz wrote:
         | This is close, there is more nuance to it, and a lot of it is
         | going to be specific to your org.
         | 
         | If you work in office, and there are accountants there go make
         | friends. They are just another flavor of nerd, so you're gonna
         | get along with them, and they have insights into the company
         | that you will never get outside of the C level.
         | 
         | IF you dont KNOW the answers to accounting questions, take some
         | classes. Candidly this is a function of every business that
         | engineers should be aware of! The projects that cost money
         | upfront (OPEX) and can provably reduce recurring costs (CAPEX)
         | can be HUGE wins for all involved.
         | 
         | There is a story about how Dr's in the US have no idea what a
         | procured costs, and that many non us ones do. Though the
         | example is about insurance, I think the lack of awareness of
         | costs is pervasive in more places. Do you know your AWS spend?
         | Do you know the per customer cost/spend (is that individual or
         | organization).... These numbers start to matter in a value
         | engineering situation.
        
           | radiator wrote:
           | > The projects that cost money upfront (OPEX) and can
           | provably reduce recurring costs (CAPEX)
           | 
           | So you mean OPEX are upfront costs, and CAPEX are recurring
           | costs?
        
             | marcosdumay wrote:
             | Yeah, whatever mistakes the GP did, those names are the
             | other way around.
        
               | zer00eyz wrote:
               | Yes I did transpose them!!! I have since had coffee and
               | am feeling much more on the ball, thanks for catching my
               | error folks!!!!
        
           | datadrivenangel wrote:
           | Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) is the money invested up front,
           | and Operational Expenditure (OPEX) is the money invested to
           | operate the investment as you go.
        
         | smugglerFlynn wrote:
         | 3 parts of organisation mentioned in the article have their own
         | respective Operating Expenses (OpEx) and Capital Expenses
         | (CapEx). OpEx is what you spend on day to day activities, and
         | CapEx is what you invest into something that you will use long
         | term. You can pay via CapEx or OpEx for the same exact result:
         | e.g. if you purchase a car, that's CapEx, but if you rent it
         | each month, that's OpEx. I'm simplifying, but that's the gist
         | of it.
         | 
         | Organisations tend to move away from CapEx where possible,
         | because of _two reasons_ :
         | 
         | 1. management decisions require accounting know-how and
         | accounting 'magic' when CapEx gets involved
         | 
         | 2. large upfront investments are much less flexible and more
         | risky than day to day expenses
         | 
         | Let me illustrate.
         | 
         | Your marketing department is investing into new on-premises IT
         | system to run promotions and campaigns. They are spending $1M
         | dollars upfront for the installation, equipment purchase,
         | system licenses and so on - all these expenses will be booked
         | under CapEx. That marketing department also pays day to day
         | salaries, and some other regular expenses, which all go to
         | their OpEx.
         | 
         | Let's say right after system is launched and everyone in
         | Marketing starts using it there is a 30% growth in # of leads
         | they bring, and resulting 10% growth in sales. But what does
         | that mean, financially? Was the project a success? 10% growth
         | in sales might not cover full cost of our $1M investment, so
         | for how long would we need to keep up the growth in order to
         | see returns? What growth numbers do we need to keep seeing?
         | What if we decide to adjust and purchase more hardware and
         | licenses as we go? What if system unexpectedly required us to
         | hire extra people in marketing, bumping up department's OpEx?
         | 
         | All that requires calculation, recalculation, excel
         | spreadsheets crunching, more spreadsheets, and a few fat decks
         | of powerpoints just to align all the decision makers around the
         | numbers and understand what worked, financially.
         | 
         | Compare that to marketing department buying access to the same
         | system in cloud via monthly subscription (let's say they start
         | paying $10K total monthly - these will go to your OpEx). Any
         | growth is now super straightforward to assess - you've invested
         | $10K, you got 10% more sales that month, and you can now deduct
         | all the combined OpEx from that number and see if you are still
         | profitable after bringing the new system in. That's a reason
         | #1.
         | 
         | Accounting and decision making complexity is not the only
         | reason to prefer OpEx. Note that accountants came up with smart
         | ways to make CapEx behave more 'OpEx-y' - for example, this $1M
         | in the books will be spread across many months or years by
         | using depreciation across system lifetime, so that upfront
         | investments _can be_ comparable to daily expenses. But the same
         | way you are not _buying_ a local car each time you arrive on a
         | vacation somewhere, businesses don 't want to have hands tied
         | in large investments - oftentimes renting something is
         | preferred, and business people will still call their decision
         | to rent instead of buying "switching from CapEx to OpEx".
         | That's a reason #2.
        
           | count wrote:
           | The CapEx -> OpEx push is also heavily tax based. I can write
           | off (generally) 100% of an OpEx expense today (or, as I spend
           | the money). CapEx expenses become Assets, which are tracked
           | _and taxed_ , and the business doesn't get to write off that
           | spend immediately - it turns into a 'depreciation' write off,
           | spread over the useful life of the item (sometimes 5, 10, or
           | more years). Real estate, vehicles, large equipment, etc. is
           | generally all done this way - a CapEx gets you an asset or
           | property, which is then taxed and depreciated. Software
           | licenses, insurance and other things can also be done this
           | way (CapEx), depending on the terms and your accounting
           | standards.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | > CapEx expenses become Assets, which are tracked and
             | taxed,
             | 
             | > Real estate, vehicles, large equipment, etc. is generally
             | all done this way - a CapEx gets you an asset or property,
             | which is then taxed and depreciated.
             | 
             | What tax(es) are you referring to? Property taxes?
        
               | count wrote:
               | In some cases (e.g. a building or expensive equipment
               | purchase, probably yes, property taxes in most
               | jurisdictions, at least in the US). The depreciation is
               | deducted from income for income taxes over time, rather
               | than all at time of purchase as an opex expense is. This
               | implies a higher income tax bill 'now', with a smaller
               | deduction smeared over time.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | > This implies a higher income tax bill 'now', with a
               | smaller deduction smeared over time.
               | 
               | I would not characterize a lower deduction for a business
               | expense as taxing something. I would have assumed it
               | meant a buyer has to pay an additional tax as a result of
               | purchasing something.
        
       | Mashimo wrote:
       | All 3 actually. Depending on what task I work on.
       | 
       | Sometimes the customers want a specific feature, sometimes we
       | have an idea that we want to develop in the hopes of selling it
       | later, and sometimes you need to work on maintenance. Which also
       | gets paid by customers in our case.
        
       | a1o wrote:
       | > Maintenance is always on the chopping block
       | 
       | I wonder if someone or someplace figured a way to make software
       | maintenance and support to be better valued. It's like, it's
       | reasonably easy to market and sell internally the start of a
       | project and consume from some internal investment (CapEx like)
       | budget to make it, but once you have done all of that was in
       | scope, you delivered, it's a lot harder to keep it going at the
       | same steam and get budget for the continuous maintenance (OpEx
       | like). Also, why it's so hard to get promotions or market work in
       | good maintenance.
        
         | generic92034 wrote:
         | Maintenance is instantly a good business case if you can sell
         | maintenance and support contracts to your customers. Of course
         | you will rarely find that in B2C areas, but in B2B it is not
         | uncommon.
        
           | thfuran wrote:
           | Though that just kicks the can. We sell support contracts so
           | everyone does a bunch of bug fixing as a matter of course,
           | and that doesn't even get called maintenance internally.
           | "Maintenance" is the refactoring or other tech debt quashing
           | that the devs always want to do but which mostly isn't a
           | priority.
        
             | generic92034 wrote:
             | Where I am working bug fixing was always classified as
             | maintenance work. That is even relevant for taxes, as
             | ticket processing is a different category, with different
             | tax rules.
        
         | hooverd wrote:
         | I think it's because the biz types would sell the copper wiring
         | from the office if you let them.
        
       | lp4vn wrote:
       | The article cleverly groups the budget in three categories:
       | 
       | - A first one that develops a product that creates a value for
       | the company in the present(sales/marketing).
       | 
       | - A second one that develops a product that will possibly create
       | value for the company in the future(research/development).
       | 
       | - And the last one that develops a product that created value for
       | the company in the past and now has only to be
       | maintained(maintenance).
       | 
       | Honestly I think that this division is a bit tautological.
       | Everybody in the industry knows that maintenance project are bad
       | and only are worth it if you're making a good money working in
       | them. Now in practice the hypothetical division between
       | sales/marketing and research/development that the author proposes
       | is pretty blurry and in my opinion doesn't do a great service in
       | categorizing the activity of a developer.
        
       | zuhayeer wrote:
       | Another framing of this is whether companies treat their
       | engineering organizations as a cost center or a profit center.
       | Cost centers suppress salaries as much as possible optimizing the
       | budget. There's little growth within these companies which is why
       | the zero-sum philosophy is passed down to their compensation
       | strategy. Whereas profit centers encourage more and more
       | investment as compounding profits come in from previous
       | dividends. Growth is what powers everything, higher pay has a
       | positive-sum gravitational pull on talent sustaining a flywheel
       | for more profits to come in (hopefully).
       | 
       | All the companies that pay very well such as on
       | https://levels.fyi/2023/ are profit centers encouraging
       | investment in talent, competing for the best across companies
       | because they know its worth it. Each hire even at extremely
       | competitive wages will make back their salary manyfold if they're
       | successful.
        
       | georgyo wrote:
       | I don't understand our modern tech culture of saying maintenance
       | is the last on the list; always getting chopped and cut; never
       | getting a decent budget.
       | 
       | In 20 years and several different companies I have always heard
       | this but never agreed with it.
       | 
       | Sure, the company wants new features to market, but the company
       | also wants things to freaking work.
       | 
       | During layoffs and hiring freezes I have seen SRE type orgs fair
       | better than their R&D siblings.
       | 
       | In only one place I worked was there this culture shift of always
       | having to keep building new things and not reward maintaining old
       | things. It actually shifted to that culture while I was there.
       | Constant migration to new internal tools, constant depreciation,
       | and half baked migration stories. After the people who built the
       | product get their promotion they go off to the build their next
       | portfolio piece. The new shiny quickly becomes unmaintained and a
       | new team comes and builds yet another replacement. In 6 years one
       | internally built tool was replaced 4 times with new internal
       | tools, with users spread across all four.
       | 
       | You can say that this was just poor execution, but in reality
       | saying maintenance is not valued by the business is incredibly
       | toxic and leads to self destruction.
        
         | ponector wrote:
         | Both maintenance and testing are not valued by business.
         | Because you cannot sell maintenance to the customer, you only
         | can sell features.
         | 
         | From the developer's point of view maintenance also a thing to
         | avoid. You cannot put a maintenance as a shiny point to your
         | CV. Everyone wants to see your achievements, projects you
         | shipped, and with modern technology, of course.
        
           | generic92034 wrote:
           | > Because you cannot sell maintenance to the customer, you
           | only can sell features.
           | 
           | That does not seem to be true in many B2B areas. Software
           | suppliers are selling maintenance and support contracts to
           | their customers. Think ERP.
        
             | ponector wrote:
             | Maintenance of your software. Can you sell bug fixing of
             | your software? You can sell new features. Of course you
             | will add a line to the contract about bug fixing, and put
             | few poor souls occasionally to fix issues reported by vip
             | customers, but it is not a selling point.
        
               | generic92034 wrote:
               | See my reply to the sibling - in many B2B settings it is
               | really different.
        
             | danenania wrote:
             | Even when a company sells maintenance/support/compliance,
             | the incentive is still to put as few actual development
             | hours into these columns as possible, and to pay as little
             | as possible for those hours.
             | 
             | What is actually being sold is a promise, and that really
             | comes from the sales department, not the engineering
             | department. Once the customer signs the contract, the
             | incentive is to do the minimum possible to keep the promise
             | --or better said, break it infrequently and non-egregiously
             | enough that the customer doesn't churn (or sue). So you'll
             | unfortunately still be viewed as a cost-center at many
             | companies if you're working on this stuff.
        
               | generic92034 wrote:
               | You are not considering the power dynamics in B2B. The
               | customers get SLAs in their maintenance and support
               | contracts, including monetary penalties. It is also a
               | repetitive business. Bad experiences actually count.
               | 
               | In my experience, if anything development
               | support/maintenance is delivering too much in many cases,
               | i. e. not limiting themselves to fixing bugs, but
               | enhancing functions on customer request.
        
           | v-erne wrote:
           | >> Both maintenance and testing are not valued by business.
           | 
           | It depends on the incentives I suppose - if commission and
           | bonuses for sales people comes only from new sales, then
           | sure, maintenance is irrelevant and will be ignored.
           | 
           | >> Because you cannot sell maintenance to the customer, you
           | only can sell features.
           | 
           | No, that's not true at all. If sales people are properly
           | incentivised to sell support contracts (their base salary
           | being a percent of maintenance fee for example) then it will
           | be sold like crazy. I have seen this happen at my company -
           | at one point we did not need new sales to be profitable -
           | just raking support contracts fees was enough to keep up
           | costs and then some.
        
             | ponector wrote:
             | Support contract does not linked directly to the
             | maintenance of the software you are selling.
             | 
             | More support contract does not mean company will assign
             | more resources into maintenance of software itself.
        
               | v-erne wrote:
               | If you work for people that are only extracting value and
               | are making decision based on next quarter predictions
               | then I can see that.
               | 
               | This is why I do not work for faceless corporation. I
               | deliberately sticked with small lifestyle business that
               | values maintenance as much as new sales (as a matter of
               | fact just this week I was refactoring my own, original
               | piece of code, that its first version is dated by
               | versions control as written 15 years ago and during this
               | whole time there were clients that were paying support
               | fees for it)
        
           | nijave wrote:
           | You can sell security, support, and compliance and those tend
           | to be tightly related to maintenance. A product hard to
           | maintain becomes a nightmare for any recurring task,
           | security, support and compliance all being examples.
        
           | SamuelAdams wrote:
           | It depends on your business and your clients. Maintenance in
           | the form of compliance always sells, albeit begrudgingly. If
           | maintaining various compliance requirements is required (like
           | DoD), then maintenance budgets are usually flush with cash.
        
             | mcmcmc wrote:
             | This is very true. I work in MSP not software dev, but
             | banking/finance clients almost always have budget for
             | regular hardware refresh and premium support agreements.
             | And they fork over tons of cash for security auditing and
             | _all_ the licensing.
        
           | leowoo91 wrote:
           | You can also price in the effort of maintenance that needs to
           | be done before adding of a new feature. That may explain it
           | better from the leadership perspective.
        
         | michaelt wrote:
         | It all depends on the structure of the organisation, and how
         | well managed it is.
         | 
         | Imagine an organisation where developers are adding features to
         | the service, where each new feature uses $1000 of disk space
         | and enables $10,000 of new sales.
         | 
         | And imagine the sysadmins buy huge file servers, each new file
         | server costs $500,000
         | 
         | In a highly bureaucratic organisation, the sysadmins will
         | cross-charge the developers for disk space, and they'll already
         | have the money ready when a new file server is needed.
         | 
         | In a well run and less bureaucratic organisation, the bosses
         | will realise that $500,000 bill enables projects that will
         | return $5M, so they'll gladly pay it.
         | 
         | In a poorly run organisation, the bosses will blanch at the
         | $500,000 bill because it's expensive and not linked to a
         | project; the sysadmins will ask the next person who needs $1000
         | of disk space to pay $500,000 for it (they'll refuse); then the
         | sysadmins end up having to refuse requests and cajole
         | developers into only keeping 3 days of logs instead of 7 to
         | free up disk space. Before you know it, the bosses are hearing
         | bad feedback about the sysadmins...
        
           | lstamour wrote:
           | ... and somebody gets the bright idea to replace the
           | sysadmins with "managed cloud" and S3 file storage, leaving
           | the sticker price as a "digital transformation" cost until
           | they can work out the cross-org billing using an app someone
           | built in their spare time to read itemized bills and re-bill
           | internal budget numbers for their fair share of resources?
        
             | Spoom wrote:
             | To complete the story here, the app doesn't work because
             | dependencies have changed in the meantime, so everything is
             | tracked on multiple giant spreadsheets.
        
         | jrochkind1 wrote:
         | > In 20 years and several different companies I have always
         | heard this but never agreed with it.
         | 
         | Do you mean your companies didn't _act like maintenance was
         | last on the list_ , you didn't agree with descriptions that
         | said they would?
         | 
         | Or they indeed did, you just didn't agree this was appropriate,
         | you thought they were acting inappropriately?
         | 
         | Because you seem to be describing environments where indeed
         | maintenance was not valued by the business -- you just didn't
         | like it. So to "say maintenance is not valued by the business"
         | is just to describe reality, like you in fact just did.
         | 
         | I think the common saying that "maintenance is the last on the
         | list" is not meant to be a _prescription_ , advocating this --
         | it's a description of what seems to happen. Analyzing why and
         | if there's a way for a different approach to be better for the
         | business is not something OP engages in. One would _hope_ so if
         | one, like you, values things working and being high quality...
         | but if very vew companies act this way, there 's probably a
         | reason regarding alignent of interests...
        
         | rmk wrote:
         | Well there's "should" and actual reality. The article lays out
         | the latter, pointing out that it's career suicide to go into
         | bucket #3. If you are not an 'up or out' type of person, then
         | _maybe_ it 's worth considering spending time in bucket #3.
         | 
         | Of course, software is obsolete the moment it's written, so it
         | could be argued that a lot of people who think they are in #2
         | are probably in #3 much of the time, spending a small sliver in
         | #2. However, budgets are allocated once a year or maybe a
         | couple more times, so if you are in something that's
         | categorized as #2 when that exercise occurs, you are still in a
         | better place.
        
         | Eridrus wrote:
         | I think "maintenance" is too broad a term here.
         | 
         | Keeping the service running to a level that customers demand is
         | a high priority for everyone. Nobody wants to cut SRE to the
         | point outages cause customers to leave.
         | 
         | But I think SRE is closer to "operations" in a traditional
         | company (i.e. unavoidable to provide the service), rather than
         | maintenance (something often deferred as long as possible).
         | 
         | In this framing maintenance is things like tech debt reduction,
         | improving internal tools, experiment iteration time, etc, which
         | _is_ often undervalued relative to product impact IMO.
        
       | bux93 wrote:
       | "Sales & Marketing" and "Research & Development" are
       | categorizations you may read about in companies' annual reports,
       | but "Maintenance"?
       | 
       | I'd suggest you read your company's financial statements. You'll
       | find headings like "cost of revenue" or COGS, "General &
       | Administrative" and others like one-off costs for mergers. All of
       | these will have different dynamics, and in each company the
       | dynamics may be different.
        
       | schnable wrote:
       | I'm having trouble with this framing. The buckets only make sense
       | metaphorically, but is written literally. The "laws" only make
       | sense literally, too.
       | 
       | For maintenance, if "you'll see this role smeared into product
       | development" and "We give you a generous 2 days every sprint to
       | take care of shit that's annoying," the budget here is R&D, not
       | "Maintenance."
       | 
       | Similarly, Growth and Developer Relation engineers are often
       | (usually?) in the Product org.
       | 
       | If these roles are actually in the R&D/Product Development
       | budget, the "laws" about budget management don't apply cleanly
       | enough that they can be a "law."
        
         | jrochkind1 wrote:
         | Right, I read that situation as they've gotten rid of
         | "maintenance" budget altogether, because it was so de-valued --
         | you won't find any software engineering jobs actually attached
         | to maintenance budget anymore in such an organization -- and
         | now what maintenance is done is done in the margins of jobs
         | whose primary purpose is R&D, attached to R&D budgets.
        
       | Steven-Clarke wrote:
       | Re: (US) Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 174
       | 
       | "The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was enacted more than five years ago,
       | but certain changes under the legislation are only now coming
       | into focus as taxpayers prepare their 2022 tax returns. In
       | particular, there are significant changes as to the deductibility
       | of certain research and experimentation expenses, as well as the
       | ability to utilize net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards. These
       | changes may result in greater tax liabilities for companies and
       | may also affect certain qualified small business stock
       | eligibility requirements".
       | 
       | ref/
       | https://www.cooley.com/news/insight/2023/2023-04-28-startups...
        
         | ttyprintk wrote:
         | Software development costs now must be amortized.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38698457
        
       | physicsguy wrote:
       | The only orgs I've not had mad stress have been research
       | oriented, with the expectation that some things will pan out and
       | others won't.
        
       | SamuelAdams wrote:
       | I really like this, but patio11's blog does a nice job as well.
       | He breaks it down into cost centers and profit centers, and
       | argues why you really want to be attached to a profit center.
       | 
       | Lots of other good stuff in here if you haven't read it.
       | 
       | https://www.kalzumeus.com/2011/10/28/dont-call-yourself-a-pr...
        
         | shermantanktop wrote:
         | That's my #1 rule; go (and stay) where there is either profit
         | or a realistic path to profit.
         | 
         | Rule #2 is to play a role within that profit center which can
         | be credibly linked to continued profitability. It doesn't have
         | to be directly making money, but it should be clear why the
         | money will be directly impacted if I stop doing my job.
        
       | hellectronic wrote:
       | Sounds like the Gartner RGT model
       | 
       | https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/align-it-function...
        
       | jpswade wrote:
       | Historically software engineering was part of the IT function,
       | which historically was born out of accounting, a computer
       | literally was someone's job, before a machine could do it.
       | 
       | Today, for many businesses accounts is still the main driver
       | behind software, and also the budget.
        
       | ConnorMooneyhan wrote:
       | I'm in sales/marketing; bored out of my mind, so I'm studying to
       | be in R&D.
        
       | scarface_74 wrote:
       | Amazon: "we can build S3 - a service that millions use with no
       | down time. But we can't build a simple website to serve our
       | internal employees come review time in April"
        
       | scarface_74 wrote:
       | > Building internal tools can fall into this category. That
       | unloved admin dashboard that runs the company but never quite
       | gets priority.
       | 
       | Amazon: "we can build S3 - a service that millions use with no
       | down time. But we can't keep a simple website up to serve our
       | internal employees come review time in April"
        
       | chrisweekly wrote:
       | Tangent: Swizec authored a book I found very useful a few years
       | ago ("Serverless Handbook"), and writes a thoughtful and
       | insightful email newsletter I've enjoyed for many years. He's
       | firmly in the "learn by doing / learn in public" camp, and does
       | an excellent job sharing what he learns along the way. Highly
       | recommended follow / subscribe.
        
       | throwawaaarrgh wrote:
       | Sales/marketing don't even exist when a product is first being
       | built, but you're getting paid... but your salary isn't R&D. The
       | pace isn't calm. The stakes are high. The target can pivot
       | violently.
       | 
       | Your salary is coming from the Business Plan's Capital
       | Expenditure, as part of an initial round of investment needed to
       | achieve the Business Goals. This is a marked difference from
       | Operational Expenditure, which "Maintenance" is most often lumped
       | under.
       | 
       | Whether your salary is CapEx or OpEx has a much larger impact on
       | your ability to work freely and productively than what of these 3
       | (really 4) categories are.
        
         | prepend wrote:
         | I think a better way to think is as product development. Sales
         | and marketing exist from the beginning even though nothing is
         | being sold yet.
        
       | prepend wrote:
       | I remember early advice in my career to always work for a revenue
       | center not a cost center.
       | 
       | This was really helpful as having something that makes a firm
       | money seems more easy to measure impact than a cost center.
       | 
       | The natural incentives seem to jive better. Revenue centers are
       | supposed to increase and are a function of margin. So more
       | salaries and expenses should lead to more revenue. Cost centers
       | are supposed to decrease or stay the same. So always a pressure
       | to cut expenses.
        
       | paxys wrote:
       | No company I have ever worked for has had growth engineering
       | salaries come out of the marketing budget. And there's no such
       | thing as a "maintenance" budget either. It is all simply
       | R&D/engineering. Sure the expectations are very different
       | depending on your team/role, but that's not a budget thing, and
       | depends on how the company tracks its goals.
        
         | SkyPuncher wrote:
         | These budgets aren't often labelled as explicitly as the
         | article states, but I've found they're generally accurate.
         | 
         | You either make money now (sales), you build long term value
         | (product), or are circling the drain (maintenance) on an
         | existing product.
        
         | paradite wrote:
         | I think the budget is used figuratively here to mean where your
         | contribution / value-add to the company is.
        
       | osigurdson wrote:
       | As an aside, it seems that the $500K/year jobs have dried up - at
       | least I don't see much of that on the "Who's hiring". Salary
       | ranges seem to be more in the $100K - $200K range.
        
         | angarg12 wrote:
         | I'm in FAANG making close to that, and I have been testing the
         | market for a few months. I found less than a handful of
         | companies that could beat my current comp.
         | 
         | The vast majority of companies I've talked to seem to top
         | around 250k even for Staff+ roles.
         | 
         | The author says that EU ain't no Silicon Valley, but 2024 sure
         | ain't no 2022.
        
         | closeparen wrote:
         | These compensation packages served the very specific purpose of
         | enticing US-based talent to relocate to the Bay Area. As we
         | increasingly accept remote work for senior talent and look
         | abroad (or not at all) for junior talent, this is not as much
         | of a need anymore. The inflow to the Bay Area always had a
         | built-in expiration given there are only finitely many
         | neighborhoods to gentrify and still no appetite for significant
         | housing growth.
        
         | __turbobrew__ wrote:
         | I think the ceiling is still there where if you have special
         | hard to find skills (ML and distributed systems at my company)
         | you can still command that salary but if you are just writing
         | crud apps nobody is going to pay you half a mil per year
         | anymore.
        
       | irrational wrote:
       | What about HR? HR Tech is not working on software to create new
       | products (research and development) or on software to sell said
       | products to other people (sales/marketing), but it also isn't
       | maintenance.
        
         | patja wrote:
         | The whole blog post is very tech company product oriented and
         | seems almost completely oblivious to the vast number of
         | software engineers building line of business applications for
         | internal use, under the COO's budget.
        
         | OJFord wrote:
         | Maintenance is a bad word for it, but the author clearly
         | intends it to be in that category:
         | 
         | > Building internal tools can fall into this category.
        
       | uticus wrote:
       | Very closely related, this comes up on HN from time to time:
       | "Don't Call Yourself A Programmer, And Other Career Advice"
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3170766
        
       | indymike wrote:
       | There are actually four buckets:
       | 
       | 1. Research and Development. Special tax treatment and tax
       | credits usually apply to R&D.
       | 
       | 2. Sales/Marketing - Pre-sale sales engineers, sometimes
       | implementations
       | 
       | 3. Maintenance. Developers that fix bugs and perform non-R&D work
       | on code that usually isn't eligible for special tax treatment or
       | credits.
       | 
       | 4. In hosted services/PaaS/SaaS, operations usually carry some
       | level of swe salaries.
       | 
       | Understanding the tax implications of which budget and what work
       | is being done is really important, and gets much more complex as
       | you grow.
        
         | MichaelZuo wrote:
         | There's also a fifth bucket for really large companies and
         | really high end engineers:
         | 
         | 5. CEO/COO/CTO's special budget for special consultants
        
       | phkahler wrote:
       | >> You're only as good as the multiplier a company gets on
       | pouring money into your bucket.
       | 
       | Well that's why some places have sales people on commission. You
       | set a fixed multiplier and let the sales person do their thing.
       | You can still offer bonuses, but if one guy makes half the sales
       | as another so what? He automatically gets paid half as much.
       | Software supporting multiple sales people isn't so individualized
       | though.
        
       | GCA10 wrote:
       | The analysis of maintenance budgets is depressingly accurate.
       | Especially as tech companies get older (and they age surprisingly
       | fast), it's quite startling to see how most of them become
       | organizationally indifferent to various small to medium glitches
       | in established products.
       | 
       | I can see why a lot of people working in tech will focus
       | weekend/break energy on side projects (woodworking; solo sports;
       | playing in a band) where exquisite craft is everything.
        
       | tonymet wrote:
       | It's also important to understand the business of the industry
       | that you are in.
       | 
       | Many are judgmental (even within this thread) of some companies
       | not "valuing" software engineering. It's naive to compare social
       | media companies that are making 70% topline margins to auto or
       | airlines companies that are making ~ 15-20% . Of course one
       | industry can hire more engineers, pay them better, give them more
       | swag & benefits.
       | 
       | Even within companies, some product lines and functions will be
       | receiving long term investment. Some product lines may be higher
       | margin than others. There will be a big difference in the money
       | available for software products depending on the budget.
       | 
       | I encourage engineers to consider their business' finances when
       | thinking about their job. The company is not a charity or a
       | church -- it's a business with cash flow, revenue & a long term
       | strategy that all has to be balanced with the cost of building
       | the product.
        
       | giantg2 wrote:
       | My salary comes from _Arachis hypogaea_.
        
       | shadowgovt wrote:
       | It's important I think to note the head fake that Google's
       | engineering pulled off when they developed site reliability as
       | its own discipline.
       | 
       | It's maintenance, but the argument they successfully sold to
       | management was that if management planned to scale indefinitely,
       | maintenance cost would also scale indefinitely _unless
       | maintenance also had a budget for R &D_ to push up the ratio of
       | services maintained to maintainers (and the authority to tell
       | software engineering "Yes, you built a new shiny thing, but it's
       | not shaped correctly yet to be maintainable so here is the pager,
       | enjoy your 2:00 a.m. wake up calls to keep the money flowing").
       | 
       | This has, overall, worked pretty well for them given what they
       | want to do. While maintenance is still a cost, it's understood
       | that they minimize that cost via R&D, not cutting.
        
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