[HN Gopher] Salim Kara stole $2M in coins with a magnet and a ca...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Salim Kara stole $2M in coins with a magnet and a car antenna
       (2022)
        
       Author : nethunters
       Score  : 390 points
       Date   : 2024-01-02 09:06 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nofreelunch.co.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nofreelunch.co.uk)
        
       | badcppdev wrote:
       | That is absolutely disgraceful on the part of the accountants and
       | programmers who should have been reconciling the cash vs sales.
       | Over 13 years!
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | Discrepancies in accounting are the norm, not the exception.
         | _No_ large company will ever have perfectly balanced books for
         | a multitude of reasons - too many different IT systems that
         | sometimes but not always have the same data, humans in the loop
         | that forget or fat-finger entries, inventory loss
         | /theft/damage, you name it.
        
           | hyperpape wrote:
           | You're right in principle, but are they usually 20%?
        
             | LightBug1 wrote:
             | No chance! (should be the correct answer).
        
             | Mister_Snuggles wrote:
             | This is only 20% of cash fares paid at LRT stations. It
             | wouldn't count those who used a bus pass, paper ticket
             | (these are sold at many retailers, not just directly by
             | Edmonton Transit), or those who paid on a bus and are using
             | their transfer to ride the LRT.
        
           | kvdveer wrote:
           | Having your books off by a few percent is indeed quite
           | common. However, missing 20% on your primary source of income
           | is not the norm. If a company would report that nowadays, it
           | would trigger a money laundering investigation.
        
             | TuringNYC wrote:
             | I'll bet they baselined 20% and started comparing it to the
             | previous month or previous year. After many years, they
             | probably established norms that accounted for this 20% loss
             | unknowingly.
        
             | whycome wrote:
             | Was the cash box here the primary source of income??
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | Probably not: their (1?) LRT line was just 1 chunk of
               | their transit system, and systems generally have a
               | weekly/monthly/student pass to uhhh, reward their
               | heaviest users.
        
         | Doctor_Fegg wrote:
         | Read up on the UK Post Office Horizon scandal if you want a
         | really horrible example of this.
        
           | function_seven wrote:
           | Yeah, I immediately thought of this story as a kind of
           | reverse version of that.
           | 
           | Instead of buggy code causing innocent people to become
           | criminals, here a "computer glitch" was blamed to explain
           | away a signs of criminal behavior.
        
         | nikanj wrote:
         | This was decades ago, the ticket machines were not real-time
         | connected to anything. It's entirely possible the numbers
         | accounting used for ticket sales was the amount of cash
         | retrieved from the machines, and there was no separate system
         | keeping track of the tickets printed.
        
           | badcppdev wrote:
           | Good point. 1981 was a very long time ago in IT terms
        
           | cogogo wrote:
           | They likely counted the number of passengers via turnstiles
           | or a gate or something. Think passenger count would be a good
           | indicator of expected revenue and there would be a pretty
           | clear gap. Probably one of the things the auditors noticed
           | that was explained away by buggy code.
        
             | Mister_Snuggles wrote:
             | Unfortunately in Edmonton, the LRT is largely on the honour
             | system. There are no fare gates, turnstiles, etc, to derive
             | an accurate count from. Any passenger counts presumably
             | come from statistical sampling or from checking fares as
             | they exit the system (this is an occasional enforcement
             | activity, not an everyday occurrence).
             | 
             | There is a pilot project[0] to put turnstiles/gates at two
             | stations, but this is to keep the homeless out of the
             | stations, not to count passengers.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/transit-
             | turnstiles-o...
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | Wouldn't they be able to measure the rolls of ticket paper?
           | 
           | And mechancial counters were a thing in 1981 as well. I mean
           | the machines had a way to say "you need to pay X amount" or a
           | way to count money, surely that can be fed into a daily /
           | weekly counter, a printed record, etc.
           | 
           | And also, they were pretty precise with the amount that he
           | stole: they can't bring a guess to court, they had an exact
           | record of how much was stolen.
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | If they trend it, auditors should still notice it, but
             | different tickets cost different amounts, so there will be
             | variability.
             | 
             | E.g. Kids and seniors get discounts.
        
         | refurb wrote:
         | It's not their money so "meh?". Actually calling it out
         | probably meant more work for them.
         | 
         | They should have incentivized them with an annual bonus for
         | reconciliation. Obviously keep the ticket and cash people
         | separate (so they don't just game it to get a bonus).
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | Just say it's a glitch but never write a fix ticket and it will
         | hang.
        
         | whycome wrote:
         | Disgraceful? What if they didn't have adequate ridership
         | numbers to use to reconcile? A lot of bus cash fares don't keep
         | a rider number. And it was 1981.
        
           | pavel_lishin wrote:
           | They did; the article even points out that there were two
           | audits that showed the discrepancies:
           | 
           | > _The failure to catch him, despite discrepancies between
           | fares and cash raised in two audits, was put down to a belief
           | that the errors were software glitches and, after his arrest,
           | led to a significant amount of internal finger-pointing._
        
             | cf1241290841 wrote:
             | Wanna bet a few more people were doing this a bit higher up
             | the coin stream.
        
         | psychlops wrote:
         | Complicit would be another word to consider.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | When you get an asshole boss, people stop defecting when they
           | see others getting away with stuff.
           | 
           | I'm not sure I could ignore outright theft. But I've
           | definitely ignored - and watched others ignore - sandbagging,
           | particularly when it has followed burnout.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | Spread out that's still $150k a year. Someone should have
         | noticed >12k a month disappearing.
        
       | unsupp0rted wrote:
       | > Kara was effectively stealing 20% of LRT fares over the 13-year
       | period; one in five coins that were fed into the machines by the
       | paying public ended up in his shaving bag, amounting to around 2
       | million customer journeys. It seems inconceivable that he wasn't
       | caught sooner.
       | 
       | > The failure to catch him, despite discrepancies between fares
       | and cash raised in two audits, was put down to a belief that the
       | errors were software glitches and, after his arrest, led to a
       | significant amount of internal finger-pointing.
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | The 20% could easily be missed if it ended up looking like a
         | ticket wasn't sold at all (ie. just 20% fewer tickets got
         | sold).
         | 
         | Many railways don't keep track of the paper that tickets are
         | sold on, because the same paper is used for printing receipts,
         | seat reservations, free/discounted tickets etc.
         | 
         | Many railways also have a double digit percentage of fare
         | evasion. Also, many railways operate partially/mostly on
         | government funds not ticket revenue, so a 20% loss in ticket
         | revenue wasn't a 20% drop in total revenue.
        
           | toogan wrote:
           | But surely they would have a counter of how many tickets were
           | sold in a machine?
        
             | londons_explore wrote:
             | I do wonder if the repairman had the ability to
             | reset/twiddle with that counter...
        
               | Topgamer7 wrote:
               | It literally calls this out in the article folks.
               | Leadership attributed it to a software bug and didn't
               | look into it further.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | But they had a record that said how much he stole. So they
           | knew how much they were supposed to earn vs what they did
           | earn.
        
         | xnorswap wrote:
         | Given the Post Office / Horizon scandal, I'd actually be
         | reassured the default assumption was the software was wrong.
         | 
         | Further reading at
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Post_Office_scandal , the
         | TLDR is the biggest miscarriage of justice in UK history
         | because people insisted the software was right.
        
           | jaggs wrote:
           | About to be the subject of a UK TV series this month.
        
             | whycome wrote:
             | Well that has the potential to be incredibly depressing. It
             | will be super interesting to see how they portray the
             | developers and if they call out fujitsu
        
               | jaggs wrote:
               | I really hope so. The authorities haven't even
               | compensated most of the victims yet, still stalling.
               | Hopefully the series will shame them into doing the right
               | thing. It was disgusting what they did to these poor
               | people, mostly just small mom and pop businesses who
               | couldn't fight back.
        
       | codeulike wrote:
       | _Kara was effectively stealing 20% of LRT fares over the 13-year
       | period; one in five coins that were fed into the machines by the
       | paying public ended up in his shaving bag_
       | 
       | This can't be right. How can one person steal 20% of the coins
       | going through all the machines? Have they miscalculated the
       | amount he took versus one year rather than 13 years?
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | If you're employed as a machine repairman, I assume you visit
         | every machine pretty frequently...
        
           | codetrotter wrote:
           | Also, FTA:
           | 
           | > maintain and fix the 68 ticket machines of Edmonton's LRT
           | 
           | So it's not like the total number of machines is that crazy
           | either.
        
             | red-iron-pine wrote:
             | it's not a big system. Edmonton is a town built by oil
             | money and they love their cars and trucks; it's Snow Texas.
        
           | yreg wrote:
           | Do you though? How often did these things need maintenance?
        
         | toogan wrote:
         | It would also mean that with him stealing $2.4M, their total
         | proceeds over 13 years were $12M which is less than $1M a year
         | to run their whole LRT.
        
           | walthamstow wrote:
           | Something doesn't add up. At his 38k CAD salary as a
           | repairman, the entire budget of the LRT would pay for just 26
           | repairmen? What about the drivers, electricity, maintaining
           | old and buying new trains?
        
             | toogan wrote:
             | The article's author probably just messed up the math
             | somewhere. According to wikipedia, there were 18,220 daily
             | rides in 1978 on the Edmonton LRT. If he got $900 daily and
             | that's 20%, then there were a little under $5000 proceeds
             | daily, so each ride would have only brought in about $0.25.
        
               | Detrytus wrote:
               | I guess most people who ride rail frequently have monthly
               | passes, only those who use it occasionally have to buy
               | tickets at the ticket machine. Also, isn't 25 cents a
               | reasonable price for a single ticket, given that this was
               | 1981?
        
             | pcthrowaway wrote:
             | I don't know about Edmonton/Alberta, but provincial and
             | municipal transit in British Columbia and Vancouver (which
             | is a separate entity but likely still benefits from
             | provincial resources) are subsidized with taxpayer money.
             | Fare collection supposedly makes up a minority of the
             | funding for Vancouver's transit system.
             | 
             | Also, with 68 fare machines in the city in 1978, how many
             | repairmen do you really need?
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | Heh, every Toronto subway station is manned, you can
               | imagine what that does to costs. Often multiple entrances
               | = multiple booth staff.
               | 
               | Going to unmanned and paying someone a premium to rapidly
               | respond and fix machines 24/7 would be a massive cost
               | reduction.
        
               | _whiteCaps_ wrote:
               | We don't even have drivers for our trains in Vancouver.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | Newer system. But technically with the upgrades in
               | Toronto, they should be able to run driverless.
               | 
               | Recently discontinued Scarborough Rapid Transit could
               | have been driverless, but still wasn't.
               | 
               | Toronto's will have both a driver _and_ and an on-train
               | "guard" person to look out the window to make sure nobody
               | is trapped in the door or something. Might get eliminated
               | tho: https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/toronto-says-
               | no-to-ttc...
        
             | animex wrote:
             | The scope/scale of the Edmonton LRT in 1981 was tiny...a
             | single leg starting from downtown past our two stadiums
             | (football & hockey) and finally to a neighborhood in the
             | northeast. Primarily built to coincide with the 1978
             | Commonwealth Games.
             | 
             | From Wikipedia: The LRT system had an estimated 18,220
             | weekday passenger boardings in 1978.
             | 
             | If I remember correctly fares ranged somewhere between
             | 35-65 cents in those days.
        
           | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
           | While I also doubt the numbers, $1M in fare revenue != $1M in
           | operating cost. Most public transit systems are heavily
           | subsidized.
           | 
           | That said, https://edmontonsun.com/opinion/columnists/gunter-
           | edmonton-t... gives much higher numbers operating costs and
           | fare revenues.
           | 
           | > In a report released Tuesday, Wiun revealed the cost to
           | operate Edmonton Transit went from $105 million a year in
           | 2000 to $327 million last year.
           | 
           | Maybe a lot of the revenue comes from transit passes and/or
           | card payments and the 20% are supposed to represent only
           | tickets sold for cash?
           | 
           | Edit: Just saw the year, so you'd have to adjust that for
           | inflation again too, but credit cards likely weren't a thing
           | for transit passes.
        
           | stravant wrote:
           | Probably 20% of _coin fares_. Most people pay with pre-
           | purchased tickets or have a transit pass.
        
         | abdullahkhalids wrote:
         | I would imagine this is coin payments only. Most people
         | probably used transit passes. So coin payments would be a small
         | fraction of the overall revenue.
        
       | ipsum2 wrote:
       | > As Kara repaid the proceeds of his scam to cover the city's
       | insurers, he was released after 16 months.
       | 
       | It's hard to find any information about this since it happened 30
       | years ago, but I wonder if he had to pay a fine. If not, he
       | probably made out pretty well, investing the $2 million into real
       | estate.
        
       | Freak_NL wrote:
       | A curious thing here is that, if this article is correct, the man
       | spent 16 months in prison, and had repaid the amount stolen by
       | then. It seems reasonable to assume that if he had not invested
       | his stolen money in real estate he would not have been able to
       | repay his debt to society so cleanly. I wonder if in the end he
       | didn't make a sizeable profit from all of this.
        
         | thinkingemote wrote:
         | This got me confused. Says he "repaid the proceeds of his scam
         | to cover the city's insurers". Does that mean it was lower than
         | the amount stolen and just the amount the city paid the
         | insurance? So he paid the premium but not the total amount
         | covered?
         | 
         | edits: another source says he settled with the insurance
         | company which implies its less than the total amount.
        
           | toogan wrote:
           | Typically when you have damages and are insured, then the
           | insurance pays you and then goes after the original claim to
           | get their money back. That is, the party that had the
           | original damage leaves the claim to the insurance which then
           | deals with getting the money back from the perpetrator while
           | the original victim already got their money from the
           | insurance.
           | 
           | This also moves the risk of the perpetrator not being able to
           | pay the damage. Now the victim does not carry that risk
           | anymore. The insurance does. Which is their value
           | proposition.
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | That's actually pretty common criminal activity in banking,
         | where an employee will take money from accounts of clients and
         | "gamble" it on high-return short term investments.
         | 
         | Obviously I won't be naming Banks here but what usually happens
         | is:
         | 
         | 1) If they succeed in their investment they put the money back
         | and walk out rich. Their venture can be detected during an
         | audit some time later but if there's no money missing the worst
         | that will happen is that they will be fired because banks are
         | very sensitive on their reputation and they don't want people
         | to hear that its possible for a such thing to happen. They also
         | don't want the insurance and other regulatory bodies to hear
         | about this.
         | 
         | 2) If they are caught before returning the money(this could be
         | audit, customer complaint or a whistleblower) they will be
         | given the option to return the money and get fired. If they
         | can't return the money, then a formal investigation and
         | criminal case is initiated.
         | 
         | 3) If they lose their investment, they will flee and trigger an
         | audit. They won't be able to resign and leave gracefully
         | because the process of using this money involves periodically
         | putting it back at strategic times to avoid trigger an audit
         | due to discrepancies, therefore it's very risky to keep coming
         | back to work if you don't have the ability to put the money
         | back at short notice.
         | 
         | This is one of the reason for people in banking having
         | mandatory 2 weeks time off at a time in many jurisdictions.
         | Stealing needs maintenance and maintenance needs access.
         | 
         | I also wouldn't call it "repay his debt to society" because due
         | to money that he stole, he made the public transport more
         | expensive and housing less affordable.
        
           | nicgrev103 wrote:
           | Isn't this literally what banks do? Take peoples deposits
           | paying a minimal interest rate and then invest that money to
           | earn a return higher than the interest rate they pay the
           | customer (they actually will also borrow more money on the
           | back of your deposit). So, when it's the bank doing it it's
           | ok but a bank employee doing it independently for personal
           | gain it's an issue.
           | 
           | The book deal aspect was interesting also. So, the guy
           | profits and has a potentially lucrative book deal with
           | minimal jail time.
        
             | mrtksn wrote:
             | Yes but banks do it within a legal framework that moderates
             | the risk(at least in theory) and people know what they are
             | signing into and what are their guarantees. You don't see
             | too many banks collapsing, don't you? When it happens, its
             | a big deal like with the SVB earlier last year.
             | 
             | It's also what Sam Bankman-Fried and others did in
             | exchanges that acted as unregulated banks.
             | 
             | The system is not perfect and there are many scandals but
             | if you compare it to what happens in crypto exchanges, its
             | a day and night difference.
             | 
             | Running a machine as intended and screwing up is different
             | from pretending doing one thing and actually doing
             | something else and screwing up. This is also why bankers
             | and fund managers don't usually go to jail when they lose
             | clients money. It's not illegal to suck at your job as long
             | as you follow the rules.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | >You don't see too many banks collapsing, don't you? When
               | it happens, its a big deal like with the SVB earlier last
               | year.
               | 
               | "Moderating risk" = depending on the US federal
               | government bail you out?
               | 
               | There really is no need for the charade of banks now that
               | electronic databases are very solid technology. Their
               | whole role in transmitting and keeping an account of
               | money is surely reproducible by the federal government at
               | very little cost (maybe even lower cost due to not
               | needing FDIC and all that infrastructure) without having
               | to pay a middleman.
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | Nope. It's about creating a system that attempts to
               | analyse risks and invests within margins that are
               | acceptable for specific products.
               | 
               | It impossible for a bank for example to put all their
               | money into Dogecoin because someone got a hunch that Musk
               | will tweet about it. To do that they will need to create
               | some kind of instrument that allows others to bet on
               | Musks tweeting habits.
               | 
               | > There really is no need for the charade of banks now
               | that electronic databases are very solid technology.
               | Their whole role in transmitting and keeping an account
               | of money is surely reproducible
               | 
               | That's not what banks do. You can do that without being a
               | bank, like PayPal did. Most places will have different
               | and much lightweight regulations than banks for this and
               | you will go to jail if you do anything more than holding
               | and transmitting customer money.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | >That's not what banks do. You can do that without being
               | a bank, like PayPal.
               | 
               | Except PayPal has no FDIC protection.
               | 
               | The part of the bank (or credit union) that required the
               | US government to provide FDIC protection was due to
               | dealing with cash. Imagine creating a country with just
               | electronic money. What purpose would a bank with a FDIC
               | protection serve if the government can just operate
               | electronic money accounts itself? And if you want to take
               | more risk and earn a higher return, you find a broker or
               | investment fund or investor.
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | >Imagine creating a country with just electronic money.
               | What purpose would a physical bank serve?
               | 
               | Investing customers money, create money.
               | 
               | Most money in the world is digital already, there are
               | many banks that don't have physical presence and
               | traditional banks are shutting down branches more than
               | the open because branches are just the foot soldiers.
               | There are also countries where cash is almost not used.
               | Banks are not about cash, they are about credit.
               | 
               | I don't know what a "physical bank" means though, AFAIk
               | there's no such thing and the buildings that banks own or
               | operate would serve functions like hosting
               | employees/clients/systems but they might choose not to
               | have some of those.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | >Investing customers money, create money.
               | 
               | And they can do this without a federal government
               | backstop, just like an SP500 ETF does or a US Treasuries
               | mutual fund, or an REIT, etc.
               | 
               | My point is the federal government need not provide a
               | subsidy to these businesses that "invest" customer's
               | money (or simply handle the underwriting of loans in many
               | cases).
               | 
               | Right now in the US, via the Fed Funds rate, the federal
               | government pays a business 5.5% just so the business then
               | turns around and pays me 5.05%, all for keeping an entry
               | in a database. And these businesses pay a lot of less
               | discerning depositors a lot less. Surely the federal
               | government can just give all 5.5% to people directly.
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | I wouldn't know about the legal structure you would like
               | to invest your assets. Do it as you please, these things
               | vary country by country too. The core concept is that you
               | need to have some kind of structure for handling the
               | money and a method to keep that structure in check.
               | 
               | The problematic part starts when someone acts outside of
               | this structure, like employees who take customers money
               | and invest with it without explicitly having a right to
               | do that.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | > Their whole role in transmitting and keeping an account
               | of money is surely reproducible by the federal government
               | at very little cost (maybe even lower cost due to not
               | needing FDIC and all that infrastructure) without having
               | to pay a middleman.
               | 
               | Banks don't store money. They connect money to businesses
               | in a structured way. No banks means businesses won't get
               | created.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Fewer rather than zero businesses. Rich individuals could
               | directly invest. Where banks shine is in making moderate
               | risk investments which aren't worth much individually but
               | are a significant economic boost in aggregate.
               | 
               | Housing may be unaffordable, but people aren't living in
               | sod houses with dirt floors and no running water either.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | Going cap in hand to an angel investor for every PS10k
               | loan is not viable. And they don't have the levels of
               | cash needed for this.
               | 
               | Why not use banks for this as well?
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Get rid of Banks and many different things change.
               | 
               | Some wealthy investors would setup a lending operation
               | using their own cash, based on historical examples of
               | such. They would however need to charge higher interest
               | rates than banks because they would be more capital
               | constrained.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | I specified an (FDIC insured) bank's role "in
               | transmitting and keeping an account of money". There
               | would be nothing stopping a lender from lending if the US
               | government gets rid of FDIC insurance and just provides
               | the people of the US electronic money accounts directly.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | Sure, but then what happens to the thing I said? How do
               | businesses get loans? How much interest should be paid on
               | that money, if any?
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Supply and demand determine the price (or interest rate).
               | Businesses get loans the same say any other business
               | transaction happens. A buyer and seller hash out an
               | agreement. This already happens all the time, even in the
               | US (see investment banking).
               | 
               | If the lender, such as a bank, is any good at their job
               | of underwriting, then they won't need the federal
               | government's assurance to bail them out and they will
               | still be able to attract funds from people seeking
               | returns (and risk).
        
               | klabb3 wrote:
               | Sounds like it could be a variation of the office space
               | skit:
               | 
               | So what would you say you _do_ here at the business
               | factory?
               | 
               | [...]
               | 
               | I connect the money with the businesses because
               | businesses are not good at dealing with money! I have
               | people skills, can't you see that?
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >There really is no need for the charade of banks now
               | that electronic databases are very solid technology.
               | Their whole role in transmitting and keeping an account
               | of money is surely reproducible by the federal government
               | at very little cost (maybe even lower cost due to not
               | needing FDIC and all that infrastructure) without having
               | to pay a middleman.
               | 
               | Banks' job isn't just keeping money safe and doing
               | transactions. It includes maturity transformation as
               | well.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maturity_transformation
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | I should have written "There really is no need for the
               | charade of FDIC insured banks now that electronic
               | databases are very solid technology."
               | 
               | I am not seeing the necessity of the federal government
               | backstop to these businesses.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | > I should have written "There really is no need for the
               | charade of FDIC insured banks now that electronic
               | databases are very solid technology."
               | 
               | What does this have anything to do with maturity
               | transformation? Are you simply trying to say that we
               | don't need banks to do maturity transformation, and they
               | should stick to handling transactions?
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | I am saying we don't need the federal government to
               | backstop businesses just so people do not "lose" money.
               | 
               | Money is electronic, the government can handle electronic
               | money accounts directly, and skip paying businesses for
               | no reason.
               | 
               | Banks or whatever other financial businesses can continue
               | to sell maturity transformation services, without FDIC
               | insurance.
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | I'm not so sure most people know what they're signing up
               | for when opening a bank account. I also don't think banks
               | particularly hide it, but I'd be surprised if the average
               | person realizes that their checking and savings accounts
               | are only IOUs or that money lent out for a mortgage
               | likely didn't exist until they signed closing documents.
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | For all practical purposes for a customer who doesn't do
               | more than putting money in, it's just a storage and they
               | know how much of it is protected if something happens to
               | the bank. From their point of view their money is there,
               | even if the implementation details are much more
               | complicated.
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | But the money literally isn't there, and the FDIC
               | insurance that secures up to a limit is itself poorly
               | funded and incapable of covering the failure of a
               | moderately sized bank.
               | 
               | Saying the money appears to be there is very different
               | from the reality of it, and in the context of whether
               | customers consent to how the system works its also feels
               | disingenuous IMO.
               | 
               | Can people spend the money as though it were there? Sure.
               | Is the money they deposited there or are they aware that
               | 90-100% of the money was immediately allocated to
               | something else? Almost certainly no.
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | Who cares, the customers aren't exposed to all that and
               | that's why they don't know it. It's like saying that
               | McDonald's doesn't have any hamburgers, it's all buns and
               | meat and lettuce. Yeah, that's how it works.
               | 
               | Last year a few banks went tits up, all the deposits were
               | paid.
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | In my opinion a more apt analogy would be McDonalds
               | selling low quality food that includes ingredients known
               | to very likely ve bad for your health without ever making
               | that clear. Sure a customer could technically dig into
               | research and health studies but that's not really the
               | point here.
               | 
               | Is it consent if you aren't made aware or given
               | reasonable access to information that the average person
               | could be expected to understand?
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | > FDIC insurance that secures up to a limit is itself
               | poorly funded and incapable of covering the failure of a
               | moderately sized bank
               | 
               | Can you clarify what you mean by "covering the failure of
               | a moderately sized bank"? Bank is almost never "all the
               | money is missing". Instead, it's usually something like
               | "we have assets > deposits, but they're long term assets
               | that can't be liquidated immediately so we can't pay all
               | the depositors right this second", or "we have assets <
               | deposits, but the gap isn't big enough that FDIC can't
               | handle it".
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | The FDIC insurance fund has been below its target reserve
               | rate for years now and continues to be underfunded.
               | 
               | At the end of 2022 the fund had $128.2 billion. I can't
               | find a solid number on domestic deposits that are covered
               | by FDIC based on the maximum deposit amount, but their Q2
               | 2023 report showed $17.2 trillion in total domestic
               | deposits across all FDIC institutions.
               | 
               | I'd expect that more than 0.7% of all deposits are under
               | the $250k deposit limit. Let's just say 30% is actually
               | covered, SVB had 89% of deposits above the limit when it
               | failed, the insurance fund couldn't cover the failure of
               | a bank with more than 3% of the market share of deposits.
               | 
               | The caveat there is that bank assets can be liquidated,
               | but if the failure is fast enough that becomes really
               | hairy. I haven't yet seen clear details on what strings
               | they pulled and what sweetheart deals they gave when SVB
               | was sold at the last minute, but that really means the
               | fund isn't funded to cover enough and the hope really
               | lies in market manipulation and a forced sale (likely
               | funded in part by tax payers).
        
               | topkai22 wrote:
               | > ...checking and savings accounts are only IOUs...
               | 
               | That are guaranteed by the US Government up to $250,000.
               | While the average person may not know the details, the
               | average person's faith in the banking system is well
               | founded. That's why these "alt-banks", which avoid FDIC
               | or NCUA coverages, are so problematic.
        
               | ChiperSoft wrote:
               | There have been 538 US bank failures since 2008.
               | 
               | https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-
               | insights...
        
             | npteljes wrote:
             | >So, when it's the bank doing it it's ok but a bank
             | employee doing it independently for personal gain it's an
             | issue.
             | 
             | Yes, this is correct. The bank does it in a somewhat
             | government controlled fashion, with checks and balances,
             | which the world has been fighting for a millennia, if not
             | more. And the guy inside does it with stolen money, for
             | personal gain.
             | 
             | Consent, for one, is a difference between the two actions,
             | if we're talking morality.
        
               | nicgrev103 wrote:
               | I'm not sure how many people know this is what the bank
               | is doing with their deposits, making consent difficult.
        
               | ilammy wrote:
               | Usually people don't care what the bank does because they
               | consent to the government making them whole in case the
               | bank fails to return the deposit.
        
               | throwawaymaths wrote:
               | Well, not really. Do people consent when politicians
               | reallocate their taxes to bail out too "large to fail"
               | institutions? Given the protests, I think not. What if
               | you didn't vote for the candidate that voted in the
               | bailout? What if you specifically didn't vote (or voted
               | for an opponent of) that policymaker. That's actually
               | _anti_ -consent
        
               | 6figurelenins wrote:
               | The concept of voting includes the possibility that a
               | plurality of voters reject your preference. You consent
               | to this outcome by participating.
               | 
               | When half[1] the population refuses to participate
               | (perhaps they're tired of being lied to, or the
               | candidates are slime, or there are too many selectively-
               | interpreted, arbitrarily-enforced "laws" to count[2], or
               | the idea one person should represent 617,000 is absurd,
               | or they just don't like bossing their neighbors
               | around)...
               | 
               | Maybe the government doesn't have consent.
               | 
               | [1]
               | https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/02/19/knight-
               | non... [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Co
               | de#Number_and_...
        
               | nicgrev103 wrote:
               | You could use the same argument for the scammer employee
               | who gambles with your money to make a personal gain. You
               | implicitly consent because you consent to the government
               | prosecuting injustice and returning your misappropriated
               | funds.
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | Do you have any examples of the public being asked to
               | consent before governments made banks whole after a
               | failure?
        
               | npteljes wrote:
               | I believe that people have the opportunity to learn about
               | banks' dealings, which is to an extent mandated by law.
               | This can't be said about the person stealing the funds
               | for their high-risk investment.
               | 
               | Consent is a difficult topic though, I agree. For
               | example, what choice does a person have, not use banks at
               | all? I don't think that's realistic.
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | Have you ever tried calling your brokerage firm, if you
               | own any stocks or a 401k, to ask them who owns the actual
               | shares you purchased?
               | 
               | $10 says they won't give a straight answer unless you ask
               | just the right question. Eventually you'll find that
               | there isn't a share you own directly, its effectively an
               | IOU claim to a share. People can technically learn how
               | the system works, but that leaves a lot of gray area
               | there.
               | 
               | We could also technically read medical journals and learn
               | how our medications work, but its unreasonable to expect
               | everyone will and recent history has shown that in a
               | pinch you'll be called out for doing your own research
               | and thinking critically.
        
               | npteljes wrote:
               | I'm sure I wouldn't understand their answer, even if they
               | would give it to me 100% truthfully. In fact I just
               | recently learned about the share IOU thing you mention
               | too. And I'm somewhat interested in the topic too, so I
               | too think that people in general understand it even less.
               | Same for medication.
        
             | infecto wrote:
             | By no means are banks the hero in most stories but from the
             | view of normal depository actions I do not believe them to
             | be the villain. Banks are required to follow very specific
             | rules when it comes to deposits and while yes they should
             | be making a spread on the money, they are not just buying
             | up risky investments with it.
        
             | dkasper wrote:
             | Not quite because it's almost backward with banks. Yes they
             | take your deposits, but to the bank a deposit is a
             | liability not an asset. Banks can lend out much more than
             | their deposits (fractional reserve) but they technically
             | don't even need deposits at all to create a loan, because a
             | loan is credit (asset) and a liability to the borrower.
             | This means banks in the modern sense can literally create
             | money, so they don't need your deposits. You can imagine if
             | no one defaults banks can balance their cash flows without
             | any deposits at all, but in practice there is risk so
             | deposits are more like a form of reserves more or less, and
             | potentially an expensive one if interest rates are high. ht
             | tps://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/022416/why-b.
             | ..
        
               | rileymat2 wrote:
               | The part that is missing is that when you take that money
               | to buy the thing intended with the loan the bank has to
               | give you that money unless it is going to a customer of
               | the same bank; impacting the fractional reserve
               | requirement.
               | 
               | As a thought experiment, if you started a bank from 0,
               | how do you pay out the first loan?
               | 
               | Yes, they create money, but deposits are a requirement to
               | do it. (Unless you are doing some interest rate arbitrage
               | by getting a loan from another source)
        
               | reese_john wrote:
               | > Yes, they create money, but deposits are a requirement
               | to do it.
               | 
               | Deposits, although an important source of _funding_ are
               | not a requirement, _capital_ is. There are capital
               | requirements that make starting and running a bank a
               | fairly expensive enterprise - you need to put up a lot of
               | your own money (equity) for use.
        
               | benlivengood wrote:
               | I think a primary benefit of a bank is the ability to
               | borrow directly from the Federal Reserve or similar
               | central government bank. The spread on interest rates
               | between the central bank and consumer rates is revenue.
        
               | reese_john wrote:
               | > but to the bank a deposit is a liability not an asset
               | 
               | Deposits are an asset AND a liability
               | 
               | > This means banks in the modern sense can literally
               | create money, so they don't need your deposits
               | 
               | Not really. Banks still have to spend central banking
               | money when doing interbank settlements, and deposits are
               | an important source of _funding_ to day-to-day
               | operations.
               | 
               | Say you have an account within Chase and want to send
               | money to your friend at JPMorgan, Chase can't simply
               | "create dollars" - they need to have enough reserves in
               | their Central Bank account.
        
               | mempko wrote:
               | To add to what you said, fractional reserve banking is
               | really not a think. Many countries don't have any
               | fractional requirements and in some it only applies to
               | certain kinds of loans.
        
             | Aurornis wrote:
             | > So, when it's the bank doing it it's ok but a bank
             | employee doing it independently for personal gain it's an
             | issue.
             | 
             | If the bank came into your home, took money without your
             | consent, gambled it on high-risk activities, then tried to
             | replace it before you noticed that would also be bad.
             | 
             | But that's not what banks do. People deposit their money at
             | the bank consensually and with an understanding that the
             | bank's activities are regulated within relatively strict
             | frameworks.
             | 
             | I don't understand if you are trying to downplay the
             | severity of criminal embezzlement by bank employees or
             | trying to demonize banks, but the two scenarios you're
             | equating are nothing alike in terms of consent, regulation,
             | risk, and criminality.
        
               | nicgrev103 wrote:
               | It was more a curiosity driven statement. I think the
               | similarity is interesting, that is all.
        
             | stephen_g wrote:
             | It's what investment banks do, but it's not how retail
             | banking works.
             | 
             | Retail banks hold their assets in various forms (central
             | bank reserves, bonds etc.) but can't really 'invest'
             | because they can't accept the risk.
             | 
             | They make most of their money on lending, but can't
             | actually "lend deposits" because they are on the wrong side
             | of the balance sheet. The bank levers up capital (money
             | that shareholders have put in as well as retained earnings
             | from previous years) to lend from.
             | 
             | Deposits do count as liquidity and are a fairly inexpensive
             | form of it, which is why banks want you to move money into
             | them and pay interest to encourage you to not transfer them
             | out.
        
             | mempko wrote:
             | No, banks don't take deposits and invest that money. Banks
             | don't loan out deposits. The opposite is true, loans create
             | deposits. Banks make money off the spread in the interest
             | of their loans to deposits (which are usually zero ore
             | almost zero). Also fees, they make money off charging fees.
        
           | belter wrote:
           | I worked in finance and I am not aware of jurisdictions that
           | mandate 2 weeks time off. Can you mention one? I am aware of
           | some recommendations but I have worked up to board level, and
           | never see this being more than an excuse to not miss the next
           | golf tournament.
        
             | mywacaday wrote:
             | I worked in a bank in Europe that was Dutch owned and we
             | were requied to take two weeks. I don't know of that was a
             | company policy though.
        
               | belter wrote:
               | Sounds like these are recommendations some organizations
               | can use or substitute by better methods of auditing. I
               | would argue that if fraud can be covered by the presence
               | of an individual, the problem is with the audit processes
               | and controls in place.
               | 
               | Plus the individual being aware of the requirement could
               | easily circumvent by only stealing every quarter or every
               | month :-)
               | 
               | "Required Absences from Sensitive Positions" -
               | https://www.newyorkfed.org/banking/circulars/10923.html
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | It probably wasn't. In many places in Europe it's legally
               | mandated for employees to have 1 big leave per year, at
               | least 2 weeks, so that they can fully unwind.
               | 
               | https://www.codulmuncii.ro/titlul_3/capitolul_3_1.html
               | 
               | > (5) In cazul in care programarea concediilor se face
               | fractionat, angajatorul este obligat sa stabileasca
               | programarea astfel incat fiecare salariat sa efectueze
               | intr-un an calendaristic cel putin 10 zile lucratoare de
               | concediu neintrerupt.
               | 
               | "at least 10 working days of non-interrupted leave"
               | 
               | Of course, this is not always enforced, but many
               | countries to have it as part of the labor code.
        
             | mrtksn wrote:
             | The "mandatory 2 weeks time off at a time in many
             | jurisdictions" statement might not be precise enough or
             | technically accurate description of the legal status. It's
             | more like "everywhere I know it's mandatory to take 2 weeks
             | time off" and the mandate can come from the institution
             | itself, their partners or a regulatory body recommendation
             | or requirement.
        
               | BryanBigs wrote:
               | I was in investment management for a us bank - here the
               | requirement is all officers must take 5 consecutive days
               | off to ensure at least one weekend is covered.
               | Considering I never touched money, it was one of those
               | fun perks of working for a bank, like taking 2 hours of
               | elder abuse classes for regulations in a state I didn't
               | live nor work in, and being tested yearly all about money
               | laundering laws and regulations.
        
             | michaelcampbell wrote:
             | I worked at a Wall St. trading firm (albeit not in the
             | trading area), and a lot of the back office/audity type
             | people were required to switch roles every so often, so
             | that any little unforeseen way to steal money somehow
             | wasn't overlooked and "hoarded" by one person. In addition
             | to multiple people having to sign off various things, etc.
             | 
             | IIRC, there were mandatory PTO/vacations required as well,
             | so that everyone's job was done by at least 2 different
             | people during the year.
             | 
             | This was not a legal thing, but required for the firm I
             | worked at. My manager at the time said this was pretty
             | common practice on the street, then. (Early/mid 90's.)
        
               | toss1 wrote:
               | Yup, control counts a lot! Working at IBM just our of
               | college, someone several levels up was getting a
               | promotion for discovering an interesting loophole.
               | Apparently, he'd discovered a way that four people could
               | collaborate to exfiltrate just under $25 million (several
               | decades ago) on Friday, and could be out of the country
               | by Monday before it was noticed. The controls were
               | previously good enough that it would take no less than 4
               | people cooperating. Obviously, he reported it, and this
               | was good for a skip-level promotion.
        
             | zeke wrote:
             | I worked at an investment bank in the New York area.
             | Employees had a two week lockout each year.
        
             | 1123581321 wrote:
             | I was required at an American credit union. Having such a
             | policy was a line item in state regulators' auditing, but
             | not mandated to the extent that the banking charter would
             | have been lost if not fully in place.
        
             | gadders wrote:
             | London? Pretty common in all banks for front office staff.
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | A lot of Canadian businesses do because unused vacation
             | banks are a _personal_ liability of corporate directors
             | (they're treated as unpaid wages).
             | 
             | While individuals could ask for their vacation time to just
             | be paid out, a lot of employers don't like that because
             | they budgeted to pay you 100% of your salary per year, not
             | 104% or 106% (ie: paying you for both 52 weeks of work plus
             | whatever weeks of holiday per 52 weeks).
        
         | samirillian wrote:
         | Yeah, I mean, real estate in BC (where he bought one of his
         | properties) is notoriously corrupt, and lucrative. Most real
         | estate bought in BC is paid in cash, often by some dizzying
         | maze of LLCs or whatever the Canadian equivalent is.
         | Essentially money laundering and investment rolled into one.
        
           | sbarre wrote:
           | > Most real estate bought in BC is paid in cash, often by
           | some dizzying maze of LLCs or whatever the Canadian
           | equivalent is.
           | 
           | This is provably false. It's not "most" real estate, it has
           | only recently approached 30% or so, and only in hot markets
           | like Vancouver and Victoria.
           | 
           | There's a money laundering problem in Canadian real estate
           | for sure, but let's try to be reasonably accurate in our
           | statements, shall we?
        
             | margalabargala wrote:
             | Holy cow. 5% would be high. 30% is dizzying. You're saying
             | that if I pick a random recently sold BC property, there's
             | a one in three chance it's bought with cash?
             | 
             | That's not a money laundering problem, that's a money
             | laundering infestation.
        
               | sbarre wrote:
               | Again, not across all of BC, but in hot markets like
               | parts of Vancouver and Victoria..
               | 
               | It sounds high but it seems to be normal enough?
               | 
               | I found this with some quick Googling:
               | 
               | https://www.thestreet.com/housing/a-surprising-number-of-
               | hom...
               | 
               | https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/interactive/2023/
               | all...
        
               | beambot wrote:
               | _1 in 3 U.S. Homebuyers Are Paying All Cash, the Highest
               | Share in Nearly a Decade_
               | 
               | Just over one-third (34.1%) of U.S. home purchases in
               | September were made in cash, up from 29.5% a year earlier
               | and the highest share in nearly a decade. That's
               | according to a new report from Redfin (redfin.com), the
               | technology-powered real estate brokerage.
               | 
               | https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20231108812516/en/
               | 1-i...
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | AFAIK "Paying All Cash" doesn't necessarily mean the
               | buyer has $1M (or whatever the purchase price of the
               | house) saved up. It just means their offer isn't
               | contingent on them securing a mortgage, and they have the
               | money secured somehow (probably through a preexisting
               | loan).
               | 
               | https://www.bankrate.com/real-estate/all-cash-offer-
               | upfront-...
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | 100%. Not unusual for a multi-property investor to buy
               | "cash" through a cheque on their line of credit to close
               | quickly (you've already decided you want to properly and
               | quick close can be a competitive advantage).
               | 
               | Then arrange the mortgage later, possibly after some
               | capital-value improving... improvements.
        
               | margalabargala wrote:
               | Huh. Apparently it's my expectations that are wrong, not
               | the market. Thanks, I learned something today!
        
         | belter wrote:
         | You could say he graduated to Banking.
         | 
         | "Why didn't any Wall Street CEOs go to jail after the financial
         | crisis?" - https://features.marketplace.org/why-no-ceo-went-
         | jail-after-...
        
         | Waterluvian wrote:
         | He likely paid interest on the money too. That interest is part
         | of what he stole.
        
       | sherlock_h wrote:
       | Too bad it doesn't say how he actually got found out. I imagine
       | he could have gotten away with it if he had gradually reduced his
       | theft of coins over 2-3 years, then quit the job and moved
       | somewhere else. I'm pretty sure there's tons of schemes like this
       | that aren't ever found out.
        
         | toogan wrote:
         | > Too bad it doesn't say how he actually got found out.
         | 
         | Hm? It does:
         | 
         | > In 1993, with the red flags mounting up, the city authorities
         | hired private investigators to observe Kara, which finally
         | caught him in the act.
        
           | whycome wrote:
           | That's fairly vague though. What red flags? How were they
           | novel?
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | Probably the 19th audit in a row where ridership and fare
             | enforcement stats didn't match up to fares paid.
        
       | forinti wrote:
       | A quick Google didn't return any books on this, unfortunately.
       | 
       | What stood out for me was that the Canadian tax authorities
       | didn't get to him. Maybe he payed tax on his earnings; the
       | article doesn't clarify.
        
         | toogan wrote:
         | Is not paying tax on income from theft actually tax fraud?
         | 
         | I mean, the theft itself is obviously unlawful. But perhaps you
         | wouldn't be taxed on theft proceeds anyway, so no tax laws are
         | broken in that case.
        
           | thinkingemote wrote:
           | Yes income from illegal activities is still taxable income in
           | most parts of the world.
           | 
           | Edits, thinking about it...the article says he claimed the
           | money was from his business. And the bank took in the money.
           | So perhaps he did pay tax?
        
             | toogan wrote:
             | How do you report it? Is there a field "income from illegal
             | activities" in the tax forms? Asking for a friend.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | Sometimes. When there isn't, there's a directive to enter
               | it under "other income" or something similar.
               | 
               | https://www.cbc.ca/amp/1.1407698
               | 
               | Depending on the seriousness of the crime, the taxman may
               | or may not be able to share those details with law
               | enforcement.
               | 
               | I think the cutoff is _if_ the sentence could be for 14
               | years, they can share it.
               | 
               | When Canada legalized marijuana, they made many
               | infractions punishable by _up to_ 14 years. So if you
               | sell unlawful marijuana to a minor, you could get 0 to 14
               | years in prison. As a result, many illegal marijuana
               | sellers will require ID to avoid this (dunno if they're
               | paying taxes or not, but makes sense to care about this
               | if they are).
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | https://www.irs.gov/publications/p525#en_US_2022_publink1000.
           | ..
           | 
           | For the US, yes.
        
           | forinti wrote:
           | Even if it weren't, I'd suppose that the CRA would want to
           | know how he came about the money in order to attest if it was
           | really exempt.
        
         | rocqua wrote:
         | Generally the end goal of money laundering is to have the money
         | be taxed. Because at that point the money looks very
         | legitimate, and a big part of the government (the tax office)
         | stops trying to catch you.
        
       | quickthrower2 wrote:
       | His salary, in real terms, was pretty good by the way. Way more
       | than I earned as a software dev for many years.
        
         | refurb wrote:
         | I noticed that too.
         | 
         | $38k in 1981 in Edmonton was firmly middle class.
         | 
         | Plenty of homes cost less than $100k. Rent was in the $100-300
         | per month range for a nice 2 bedroom.
         | 
         | Dude just got greedy. If he had skimmed $600 per week instead
         | of $3000, he would have doubled his take home pay and likely
         | never would have been caught. It would have amounted to almost
         | $100k every 3 years which is a tidy sum back then.
        
           | xpe wrote:
           | > Dude just got greedy.
           | 
           | It seems to me that once a person builds an illegal habit, it
           | demonstrates they: (a) probably have a higher risk tolerance
           | than most people and/or an inaccurate understanding of the
           | empirical risk level and/or (b) they have, perhaps only
           | temporarily, found a self-interestedly-rational aspect of
           | law/society to exploit.
           | 
           | Once one's behavior crosses into that realm, "dude just got
           | greedy" seems to miss the point. It was greed that got them
           | there, right? How many _optimally_ greedy criminals are
           | there? I don 't claim to know, but I'm suggesting that risk-
           | adjusted _optimality_ and the criminal mind are not highly
           | correlated.
           | 
           | Anyhow, it doesn't seem the 'level' of greed was the problem;
           | it was the level of _spending_ ; the article suggests that
           | Kara's lifestyle upgrade attracted considerable attention.
           | 
           | More generally, the risk-adjusted calculus between "steal a
           | lot quickly" vs "steal a lot slowly" is interesting. First,
           | being a repairman of said machines, he would be a suspect if
           | _any_ discrepancy was found. Second, dragging a larger-than-
           | usual bags of coins to the bank for years seemed rather
           | brazen. But perhaps the consistency of his behavior made it
           | seem  'normal' to the local bankers? Putting both together,
           | sure, larger amounts would attract more attention, but the
           | relationship between intake and risk is probably not linear.
           | As a guess, one might think halfing his intake might only
           | reduce his risk by 10%. If so, a self-interested, amoral
           | calculus might suggest that his intake was reasonable.
        
             | refurb wrote:
             | All good points. But there is also an element of "if they
             | haven't caught me now, they won't ever". Risk tolerance
             | increases over time.
        
             | toyg wrote:
             | _> How many optimally greedy criminals are there?_
             | 
             | I don't know, how big is Wall Street nowadays? /s
             | 
             | More seriously: it's likely that there are indeed a lot of
             | "optimally greedy" criminals - it's just that we don't
             | label them criminals, because they don't get caught. I
             | guess the actual numbers are somewhat dependent on your
             | trust in the ability of law enforcement.
             | 
             |  _> perhaps the consistency of his behavior made it seem
             | 'normal' to the local bankers?_
             | 
             | Perhaps it was just the '80s, when banks didn't really
             | _want_ to ask any questions.
             | 
             |  _> the relationship between intake and risk is probably
             | not linear._
             | 
             | I agree there. Note that criminals do tend to understand
             | this, typically regarding the results of conviction. It's
             | the reason capital punishment is not really a deterrent:
             | because once you pass the threshold (which is often with a
             | single act), punishment does not grow prportionally, so
             | they might as well do it over and over.
        
             | genman wrote:
             | He could have stopped stealing when he wanted to have a
             | more lavish life style and they wouldn't be have been able
             | to catch him (at least not red handed).
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | If they improved their auditing and revised their models,
               | they might get suspicious if dude quit and their revenue
               | suddenly went up 25%.
               | 
               | Or not ask any questions at all and get big bonuses...
        
             | rsynnott wrote:
             | > How many optimally greedy criminals are there?
             | 
             | Bernie Madoff might be close to an example; his scheme kept
             | going for an _amazingly_ long time, and he made some effort
             | at times to reduce inflow to keep it somewhat under
             | control. There was probably a world in which it only came
             | out after he died; as it was he was kind of unlucky with
             | the timing.
             | 
             | Of course, there might be plenty of optimally greedy
             | criminals out there, and you'll never know; more or less by
             | definition they do not get caught.
        
               | avidiax wrote:
               | The best part of Bernie Madoff's grift, in my opinion, is
               | that it follows the notion that "you can't cheat an
               | honest man".
               | 
               | No one had any legitimate idea for how Bernie could beat
               | the market by such an amount and so consistently, and yet
               | they still invested. They must have thought that he was
               | insider trading or suspected that it was a Ponzi. Roughly
               | half his investors made money by cashing out, which is
               | not something you'd usually do if you thought the fund
               | was legitimate.
        
             | 1letterunixname wrote:
             | He did make the "classic, amateur, movie thief" mistakes of
             | spending lavishly and stealing a large fraction of coins
             | that couldn't be covered simply by driving a crappy '77
             | Chevy Malibu. (That was a particularly ugly car with bad
             | paint. [0] My parents had a '78.)
             | 
             | This is the idiocy of committing various forms of graft or
             | embezzlement in the Western world: the rewards are small
             | and short-term compared to the nonzero legal and financial
             | consequences of getting caught. It's that most people are
             | bad at quantifying the probabilities and qualitatively
             | assessing their risk exposure before they're caught and
             | rationalizing they're different and somehow smarter than
             | everyone else at all times. _His theft didn 't go unnoticed
             | and they eventually had to hire a private detective _
             | 
             | Even if someone could steal much quickly the equivalent of,
             | say, a billion dollars without raising any suspicion or
             | leaving any trace evidence and launder it covertly, the
             | problem becomes there is no country to disappear to where
             | the proceeds could be utilized and where property rights
             | are respected: countries including Iceland, Switzerland,
             | Ecuador, Cuba, Venezuela, Russia, Belarus, Afghanistan,
             | Iraq, Iran, Qatar, Yemen, China, and DPRK will not help
             | you. One could attempt to live openly, but they would find
             | it difficult to launder their funds from nowhere into the
             | legitimate banking world without inevitably raising
             | suspicions or being caught through forensic accounting.
             | 
             | Therefore, a wise criminal(tm) is generally better off
             | using legitimized means to facilitate large-scale wealth
             | transfer from people and organizations that lack economic
             | and political power using trickery, obfuscation, and
             | complexity. Either that, or by creating genuine (or
             | genuine-appearing) value and monetizing it well through
             | work that doesn't involve criminality reduces the risk of
             | ending up poor and/or in prison. Apart from specialized IP
             | or knowledge work ability that can be productized as a
             | startup, the areas of real estate, public markets, and
             | fintech are the most obvious targets for non-lifestyle
             | business models. Other non-/semi-lifestyle business models
             | readily achievable by an individual is becoming a B2B
             | supplier of high-value, high-margin specialized goods that
             | present one or more barriers to entry, i.e., aircraft
             | parts, nuclear energy parts, safety systems, or medical
             | devices.
             | 
             | 0. https://topclassiccarsforsale.com/chevrolet/288637-1977-
             | chev...
        
       | boomboomsubban wrote:
       | I'm surprised Canadian coins are magnetic, though my two minute
       | research says the loonie isn't? Apparently it was redesigned
       | around 2000, maybe it switched then.
        
         | toogan wrote:
         | There is a sizeable community doing so called "magnet fishing".
         | Check out r/magnetfishing
        
           | boomboomsubban wrote:
           | Coins don't seem to be their target, as very few seem to be
           | magnetic.
        
             | toogan wrote:
             | Hm, true. But I sometimes see people walking along beaches
             | doing this kind of thing. Though they're probably hoping
             | for rings (gold, silver, diamond, ...) rather than coins,
             | which would make it much more lucrative as well.
        
               | klyrs wrote:
               | Gold, silver, and diamond are also non-magnetic.
        
       | evan_ wrote:
       | Passing it off as proceeds from a vending machine business was
       | smart, I wonder if he actually had a fleet of vending machines to
       | make that plausible. Of course you'd need to be able to show
       | receipts for cost of goods sold... money laundering is hard!
        
         | toogan wrote:
         | Hm, what about vending machines with things you make yourself,
         | legitimately without any paper trail that would show what you
         | are making?
        
           | evan_ wrote:
           | And ideally the deliverable would be something digital rather
           | than tangible so your COGS are effectively zero... like a
           | bitcoin ATM for instance... hm
        
         | rgmerk wrote:
         | It doesn't sound like he did.
         | 
         | Laundromats would have been ideal for this kind of, well, money
         | laundering. In a pre-digital era, who's going to check that the
         | number of cycles on the washing machines line up exactly with
         | the takings?
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | An auditor or private investigator, but granted, there's a
           | lot of room for tax evasion - there's a reason a lot of
           | businesses and contractors will gladly take cash, tax evasion
           | being one, most digital transaction costing them money being
           | another. It's fairly common in my country (NL) to see signs
           | saying "please pay in cash" and "EUR0.25 surcharge if paying
           | with debit card for amounts below EUR20"
        
             | yurishimo wrote:
             | Around where do you live? Anecdotally, I don't see much of
             | any of that in Eindhoven or the surrounding villages.
        
           | planede wrote:
           | Correlating with water and electricity bills could raise
           | suspicion, but yeah, it's probably harder.
        
             | bell-cot wrote:
             | Maybe? Pre-digital machines would keep no tamper-proof
             | record of usage. And a good variety of machines in your
             | laundromat (with varying appetites for water and
             | electricity) could discourage all but the most fanatical of
             | auditors.
        
         | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
         | I wonder how he explained (or if he ever had to) that his
         | weekly haul, deposited at the bank, apparently doubled when the
         | looney coin was introduced ?
        
         | eschneider wrote:
         | Having an actual fleet of vending machines would be an
         | excellent cover for such a scam, but even if they're
         | unprofitable, you still need do do some amount of work to
         | maintain that cover. Soon, the cover story becomes an actual
         | 'job' and you have to wonder if you're pulling in enough cash
         | with the crime to rationalize it.
        
         | Tao3300 wrote:
         | If anyone asks, tell them the receipt comes out if they shake
         | it!
        
       | walthamstow wrote:
       | It's amazing how far you can get in crime by not driving a flash
       | car and just generally keeping a low profile
        
         | Scoundreller wrote:
         | Only necessary if you keep your job. If you don't, there are
         | plenty of places you can live very nicely without having to
         | explain where all that money came from.
         | 
         | Your neighbours will be too afraid you'll wonder the same
         | question about them.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | And the only one you may need to explain yourself to is
           | taxes; I have (had) colleagues working at the tax office,
           | they're working on machine learning algorithms to detect
           | suspicious activity on bank accounts (because the tax office
           | has full access to everyone's transaction history, of
           | course). They focused on suspicious repeat transactions, but
           | I'm sure they will at some point focus on a suspicious
           | absence of transactions, e.g. no grocery purchases.
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | That's cool. Canada implemented some kind of suspicious
             | financial transaction agency thing only in 2000 (to stop
             | money laundering and TerRoRiSM) and just issued its first
             | fines to banks this year.
             | 
             | While large volumes of transactions have been reported, the
             | agency mostly... well, took reports!
             | 
             | It can be a hard nut to crack and I don't think governments
             | actually want to find and stop the transnational kind money
             | laundering.
        
             | woobar wrote:
             | _(because the tax office has full access to everyone 's
             | transaction history, of course)_
             | 
             | In what country? It maybe possible for tax agency to
             | request access to the transaction history in case of the
             | audit, but I doubt they just get a feed of all
             | transactions.
        
         | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
         | Yes, although depositing so many coins at the bank each week
         | that they are having to let you in the back door isn't exactly
         | low profile behavior!
         | 
         | LTR's record keeping/monitoring must have been abysmal if they
         | didn't realize the sudden drop in revenues when they hired this
         | guy, unless the person he replaced had been doing the same !
        
       | taspeotis wrote:
       | (2022)
        
       | ben_w wrote:
       | Interesting. A litte after that time, aged 13-14, I was
       | interested in coin pusher machines[0], which (despite being
       | gambling) were not age restricted where I lived. Obviously I
       | wanted a way to do better than the system allowed and wanted to
       | know if I could use magnets to pull the coins towards me[1]; some
       | research showed that some "coppers"[2] were magnetic and others
       | weren't, and that it seemed to depend on the date the coin was
       | stamped.
       | 
       | Although I can't remember now if the older or the newer coins
       | were the magnetic ones, I wonder if the composition was changed
       | in part due to this case?
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin_pusher
       | 
       | [1] No
       | 
       | [2] British slang for 1 and 2 penny coins due to colour
        
         | toogan wrote:
         | > Obviously I wanted a way to do better than the system allowed
         | and wanted to know if I could use magnets to pull the coins
         | towards me[1]
         | 
         | In other words, you wanted to cheat. I can't comment on whether
         | that's fraud in a legal sense, it's still cheating.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | Like most teenagers, I grew up.
           | 
           | There's a reason 13-14 year olds aren't held to the same
           | standards as adults.
        
           | mft_ wrote:
           | That's an interestingly hard line to take.
           | 
           | The game in question --the penny pusher-- pits a player's
           | skill against the (the design of the) game, and (probably)
           | allows a skillful player to earn a greater return. The game
           | is inherently designed to restrict winnings, and (so goes
           | urban legend) the owners can restrict winnings further by,
           | for example, gluing coins to the base in certain areas.
           | 
           | I'd therefore argue that exploiting gaps or flaws in the
           | game's design are just an example of a especially skillful
           | operator beating the game and its designers, and not
           | cheating. The line between clever exploitation and outright
           | theft is a probably difficult one to draw; although turning
           | up with a giant electromagnet which just pulled the coins
           | straight off the shelf, would probably be over that line :)
        
         | ajb wrote:
         | The newer 'coppers' are magnetic, so I doubt it. The reason was
         | because they were becoming more expensive to make than their
         | face value. Anyway you couldn't steal a significant amount in
         | coppers, the main debate is whether to get rid of them
         | entirely.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | > the main debate is whether to get rid of them entirely.
           | 
           | Now, yes. But this was the 90s. You could still (just about)
           | buy some items for a single penny back then.
        
             | ajb wrote:
             | Fair enough. Still, PS2M in copper would weigh about 700
             | tonnes.
        
         | tyingq wrote:
         | I don't think the 1980's loonies were steel, they appear to
         | have been mostly nickel.
         | 
         | I suspect though, that some detail of the various ways he did
         | this just got lost over time. You could probably fish them out
         | with superglue or sticky mastic on the antenna rather than a
         | magnet, for example.
         | 
         | Or maybe the magnet was always used to hold some kind of trap
         | door open rather than directly fishing the coins.
        
           | Scoundreller wrote:
           | Article says loonie came out and implemented in their system
           | in 1988. Before that it was mostly quarters. Both were nickel
           | based which is ferromagnetic.
           | 
           | Loonies are coated in a different metal making them less
           | magnetic, but stronger magnets will fix that.
        
         | joncrocks wrote:
         | Newer 'coppers' are magnetic, older ones are not.
         | 
         | https://www.royalmint.com/stories/collect/why-are-some-uk-co...
         | - the composition of 1p and 2p coins was changed from bronze to
         | copper-plated steel in 1992 and the composition of 5p and 10p
         | coins was changed from cupro-nickel to nickel-plated steel in
         | 2011
        
       | refurb wrote:
       | In the words of Ace Rothstein in the movie Casino.
       | 
       |  _" You can spot these assholes by watching the way they bet.
       | Like this guy. He 's bettin' lavender chips at five hundred each
       | with only one little problem. He's always guessed right. If he
       | wasn't so fuckin' greedy, he'd have been tougher to spot. But in
       | the end, they're all greedy."_
        
         | Bluecobra wrote:
         | This story reminded me of the payphone bandit, James Clark, who
         | stole about $500k picking the payphone locks during the 1980s.
         | Had he kept a lower profile, payphones eventually became
         | obsolete and he might have gotten away with it.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | Shortly before they became obsolete, payphones over here
           | switched to pre-paid cards, which made them less convenient /
           | ad-hoc to use and may have contributed to their decline
           | (mobile phones being the obvious one of course).
        
       | Scoundreller wrote:
       | > In 1981, Kara was hired on a $ 38k-a-year salary to maintain
       | and fix the 68 ticket machines of Edmonton's LRT - light rail
       | transit system.
       | 
       | If that was their 1981 salary, that's damn impressive.
        
         | paulluuk wrote:
         | Indeed, that's about $117k (CAD) per year in 2023. (80k euro,
         | 88k usd)
        
           | Scoundreller wrote:
           | While interest rates were sky high then, internets say a
           | detached bungalow in Edmonton cost $82k then, but about the
           | same 10 years later.
        
             | red-iron-pine wrote:
             | they sure ain't 82k now. $482k for somewhere near the LRT
             | might be a good start
        
         | dmix wrote:
         | It was a technical job and union.
         | 
         | Looking at a similar job in Toronto they make $80-100k today
         | 
         | https://career17.sapsf.com/career?career%5fns=job%5flisting&...
        
       | mkl95 wrote:
       | > Remember, every coin has two sides
       | 
       | Unless his coins were microscopically thin, three sides would be
       | more accurate
        
         | blackoil wrote:
         | Three surfaces. Infinite side or two depending on your position
         | on how many edges a circle has.
        
         | paulluuk wrote:
         | If the coin is perfectly circular, is does in fact have only 2
         | sides (as a perfect circle has no sides). If the coin is not
         | perfectly circular, but is (at some microscopic level) full of
         | edges, it could have a near infinite amount of sides.
        
           | function_seven wrote:
           | A perfectly cylindrical coin would have three sides: 2 flat
           | planes and a curved ribbon. No reason a "side" has to be
           | flat. Just ain't got no internal edges!
        
           | 4hg4ufxhy wrote:
           | Can there be more sides than atoms on the surface?
        
             | blep_ wrote:
             | Trivially yes: how many sides does one atom have?
        
       | drgo wrote:
       | He got away too easy if you ask me. You will need to spend a
       | miminm of 2 years in jail for owning not stealing 500 cannabis
       | plants
        
         | Dah00n wrote:
         | By that logic, you are also stating that you see two years in
         | jail "for owning not stealing 500 cannabis plants" as a fitting
         | punishment, no? Seems to me one is fine while the other is too
         | high.
        
         | lolc wrote:
         | If we take cannabis legislation as a guideline for other laws,
         | farming as an occupation faces a grim future.
        
         | typon wrote:
         | He gave a bunch of the money back
        
         | JeffSnazz wrote:
         | The impulse to punish other minor infringers more rather than
         | to fix obviously antisocial draconian punishment will never
         | cease to mystify and befuddle me.
        
       | chimen wrote:
       | Used to do that with public phones as kids in communist Romania
       | in mid 80s. Ate a lot of icecream.
        
       | tiborsaas wrote:
       | > He removed the face plate from the ticket machines, which as a
       | repairman would raise no suspicion, then rigged a car antenna
       | with a magnetic tip, like a make-shift fishing rod. Coin-by-coin,
       | Kara hooked his catch out of the ticketing machine cash box into
       | a shaving bag, which acted as his keep net.
       | 
       | I can't picture how his rig worked, the article would have
       | benefitted by anything visual help :/
        
         | aaronmdjones wrote:
         | Here's a typical metro ticket machine
         | 
         | https://lrt.daxack.ca/Cities/Minneapolis/hires003.jpg
         | 
         | The coin slot is in the top right.                   As Kara
         | only maintained the machine function, he         didn't have
         | direct access to the cash box where         the coins were
         | collected after customers had fed         them to purchase LRT
         | tickets.              He removed the face plate from the ticket
         | machines, which as a repairman would raise no         suspicion
         | 
         | His job would have included duties like resetting the machine
         | if it locked up, removing jams for receipts and ticket
         | printers, loading new thermal paper and cardstock for printed
         | receipts and tickets, etc. Things you would expect someone
         | dressed in company maintenance attire to be doing.
         | 
         | Ultimately what I think happened is that, behind the faceplate,
         | the opening for the coin box is larger than the coin slot on
         | the faceplate, possibly for tolerance reasons to ensure that a
         | coin passing through the faceplate always lands into the coin
         | box. This gap was enough to get an antenna down into with a
         | magnet attached to the end.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | It sounds like the cash boxes had an open slot he could just
         | fish coins out of with a magnetic tipped car antenna. You can
         | get things like that ready-made these days for fishing things
         | out of tight spots.
        
         | aaron695 wrote:
         | It'll be fake and he just broke in, maybe legally it was better
         | to not have 'broke' anything but this was how he started it
         | all.
         | 
         | Do the napkin math -
         | 
         | 1. There was no AliExpress to get amazing magnets from, and
         | there were no amazing magnets.
         | 
         | Average of $3k / week
         | 
         | $3000 / 6 days working / 8 hours = $62.5 per hour
         | 
         | Personally I get rid of lower coins into machines. So lets say
         | 4 coins to get $1. He's pulling out 200 coins a hour? And doing
         | his job. And no one sees him pulling up and down 4 time a
         | minute for hours on end?
         | 
         | -------------------------------
         | 
         | Segway -
         | 
         | On the evening of Sept. 29 1994, Constable Ken Chatel, a member
         | of the RCMP Customs and Excise Section in Edmonton leaned back
         | in his chair to catch the six o'clock news.
         | 
         | One of the items that evening covered a police search of the
         | home of Salim Kara, a city transit employee who was charged
         | with stealing in excess of $2 million dollars from Light Rail
         | Transit coffers.
         | 
         | As the camera panned the interior of the opulent residence on
         | Osborne Crescent, several objects caught Chatel's eye and made
         | him lean forward with renewed interest.
         | 
         | The camera revealed two zebra skins on the walls and a
         | threefoot carved tusk in a display cabinet. Depending upon the
         | species of animal each item represented, it was possible that
         | they were protected by international legislation.
         | 
         | https://www.gamewarden.ab.ca/agwmagazine/1996/summer%201996/...
        
           | Scoundreller wrote:
           | $1 coins were common in Canada for most his operation.
           | 
           | Excellent magnets available inside any speaker, just crack
           | off a piece of the length you need. Basically free.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | I can't picture how you stand there long enough to steal
         | thousands of dollars per week without anybody noticing for 13
         | years.
        
           | kodt wrote:
           | He did it in the middle of the night
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | Probably nothing else to do other than listen to the radio.
             | Dude probably kept the machines in tip-top shape because it
             | made them more money that way while reducing the total
             | amount of work required.
        
       | thedougd wrote:
       | Sounds like he used a common telescoping magnet tool, typically
       | used by mechanics for picking up dropped screws, nuts, and bolts.
       | An "antenna with a magnet on the end" is an accurate description.
        
       | mkjonesuk wrote:
       | Reminded me of this great American Dad episode:
       | https://americandad.fandom.com/wiki/Meter_Made
        
         | codelikeawolf wrote:
         | Excellent episode! One of my favorite scenes is Stans first
         | day, when he meets the guy who trains him:
         | 
         | > My wife can barely look me in the face.
         | 
         | > Mine looks me in the face and more because she knows I'm on
         | these mean streets every day juggling power and justice like
         | they were damn chain saws.
        
       | Waterluvian wrote:
       | " Sooner or later, the temptation to spend became too much and
       | maybe thinking he would never get caught in 1992, Kara decided to
       | trade up from his modest $136,000 home to something much more
       | fitting of a vending-machine millionaire."
       | 
       | Well... what's the point of stealing money if you can't ever
       | spend it?
        
         | toyg wrote:
         | As anyone who watched The Wire knows, thanks to Stringer Bell's
         | pitch to Marlo Stanfield, _" they turn your things against you,
         | that's how they get you"_.
         | 
         | Conspicuous consumption is bound to trigger alarms. The smart
         | wealth makes itself as invisible as possible, and typically
         | plans generational succession instead.
         | 
         | If you really want to enjoy your riches, you better build all
         | sorts of deniability layers first, or do it as part of
         | retirement from the game. If this guy had dismantled the hack,
         | left the job and retired to a Florida mansion, he wouldn't have
         | been caught.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | Or moved abroad where they wouldn't ask questions; the
           | challenge then is moving a lot of money across the border
           | without customs asking questions. This is where
           | cryptocurrencies have probably come in very handy, although,
           | buying cryptocurrency using coins is probably difficult, lol.
        
           | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
           | Or you just move someplace where there's no extradiction
           | agreement with the country where you committed the crime.
           | Look at Ronnie Biggs, one of the "Great Train Robbery"
           | culprits from the UK who then lived for years in Brazil.
        
         | rsynnott wrote:
         | There's a wide gulf between a $136k house and a house that
         | literally has an _indoor fountain_, if you're trying to be
         | somewhat discreet.
        
       | codeulike wrote:
       | Stealing 2 million, one coin at a time, over 13 years, mostly at
       | night, by waggling a magnetised car antenna through a small slot
       | for hours and hours, is actually hard work. Its like the opposite
       | of The Shawshank Redemption.
        
         | breischl wrote:
         | Digging a tunnel through a rock wall with a tiny hammer over
         | years, as in The Shawshank Redemption, seems very similar.
         | 
         | Both sound like a lot of work though.
        
           | nsajko wrote:
           | Missed the joke.
        
           | theptip wrote:
           | The direction of travel relative to jail is the opposite
           | though.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | There was that couple in New England where the husband figured
         | out there was a lottery ticket that was nearly guaranteed to
         | return a slight profit if nobody won the previous couple of
         | weeks.
         | 
         | Several articles were written about them, I think I saw an ad
         | for a movie even, but it took both of them working very long
         | days to pull this off, including standing in convenience stores
         | for hours at a time pushing buttons. I think they ended up
         | making less than $100 an hour between them.
         | 
         | Which is a better job than many people can get, but if you're
         | retirement age in a job you can actually retire from, then this
         | is more about Sticking It to the Man than about getting rich.
        
           | Scoundreller wrote:
           | That was a calculated bet though, where the expected value
           | was known to the positive, but you'd need to buy as much as
           | possible to guarantee your outcome each time that situation
           | happened.
        
           | robterrell wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_%26_Marge_Go_Large
        
         | dmix wrote:
         | It's not necessarily one coin at a time, a strong magnet could
         | pull multiple, which means you could make $3-4 in a few seconds
         | once you mastered it. Push it in so it bends down, pull out,
         | drop into the shaving bag, insert again, etc. He probably had a
         | lot of time to work on each box.
        
         | cush wrote:
         | Luckily for him, Canada has a $2 coin. If he tried this in the
         | US, he'd only make $250k
        
         | ikekkdcjkfke wrote:
         | When money becomes a target, it fails to be a good money?
        
       | macshome wrote:
       | As an American, the part of the story that is very interesting to
       | me is that Canadian coins have enough ferrous content to be
       | picked up by a magnet. Wouldn't the ability for coins to become
       | magnetized cause all sorts of issues for the internal workings of
       | vending machines and other coin slot using mechanisms?
        
         | whycome wrote:
         | Looks like all current Canadian coins can be picked up -- $1,
         | $2 .25, .05, .10. (couldn't test pennies as Canada hasn't had
         | them for a while).
         | 
         | I suspect US quarters would have the same makeup
        
           | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
           | US quarters cannot be picked up by magnets.
        
             | whycome wrote:
             | Interesting that they exist interchangeably in all vending
             | machines, etc in Canada.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Canadian vending machines are happy to accept US quarters
               | at par. Why pay for a more sensitive mechanism to prevent
               | someone from giving you a more valuable coin. Although,
               | probably not more valuable enough that it's worth
               | filtering out from change boxes to deposit with a US
               | based bank instead.
               | 
               | Otoh, there are coin mechanisms that can check for and
               | reject quarter sized objects that are attracted to
               | magnets; they might not be installed everywhere that
               | takes US quarters, but if an operator starts getting a
               | nuisance amount of CA quarters, they will be. See this
               | doc [1] for a description of a pretty discerning
               | mechanism (although it accepts both US and CA quarters, a
               | slightly different design could reject CA quarters)
               | 
               | [1] http://segalandassociates.com/Documents/Coin-
               | Mechanisms_Slug...
        
             | shadyfroyo wrote:
             | American coin mechanisms in vending machines and arcade
             | games have magnets to filter out Canadian quarters.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | I thought all coin mechanisms use magnets to
               | differentiate coins, no?
               | 
               | A coin drops at a known speed and the right coin will get
               | pulled by the right amount by a magnet or get rejected.
        
               | smachiz wrote:
               | Not in the US - I think they use diameter and weight.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | Sounds like slug heaven. But I guess if they don't take
               | $1 coins, it's not as worth it finding a washer that will
               | go where a quarter goes.
        
               | alexbock wrote:
               | It sounds like you're thinking of separating coins using
               | eddy current braking [1]. This works even for non-
               | magnetic coins because the effect is a function of the
               | metal's electrical conductivity.
               | 
               | If you have a silver coin or a small piece of copper pipe
               | and a large, strong neodymium magnet, then you can easily
               | observe this effect at home by putting the metal sample
               | on a table and quickly waving the magnet past it as close
               | as you can without touching it. The metal will slide
               | across the table following the magnet, despite the metal
               | itself not being magnetic, because the moving magnet
               | induces eddy currents which temporarily create a magnetic
               | field like an electromagnet. Other metals besides silver
               | and copper exhibit weaker responses due to higher
               | electrical resistivity.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_current_brake
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | Thanks for explaining. Wondered how non-ferro coins were
               | handled.
               | 
               | TD Bank in Canada had coin counting machines for
               | customers for a while. I dumped a few hundred $ in and
               | was very happy when it kicked back some silver coins to
               | me.
               | 
               | How nice of them!
        
           | andy99 wrote:
           | Pretty interesting table here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
           | Penny_(Canadian_coin)#Composit...
           | 
           | I had thought pennies were made of zinc towards the end but
           | that was only for a couple years. Then they were made of
           | steel which should be magnetic.
        
         | dubcanada wrote:
         | We have tons of vending machines, and coin slots and I've never
         | had or heard of such a problem? Completely anecdotal but still.
        
         | berkes wrote:
         | IIRC many vending machines operate or operated on the magnetic
         | properties of coins even. At least in my country before the
         | Euro some did.
         | 
         | There are only several properties that can be easily
         | distinguised from coins without complex digital processing:
         | weight (and its distribution), sizes, conduction and
         | ferromagnetism.
        
         | NelsonMinar wrote:
         | As an American, the part of the story where a single coin is
         | valuable enough to bother with is very interesting to me. Our
         | failure over years to introduce a working dollar coin (much
         | less a toonie) is frustrating.
        
           | ac29 wrote:
           | This was 40 years ago and he was stealing hundreds of coins a
           | day.
           | 
           | Also, I'm sure you realize, but the US has had dollar coins
           | since at least 1971. The public never really had much
           | interest in using them and with cash use declining, I wouldnt
           | expect that to change.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | I didn't read the "failure to introduce" as meaning no coin
             | was created, but more as "failure to launch" in that it was
             | just never picked up by the population. My largest concern
             | with the dollar coins where they were too similar to
             | quarters in size and were often used in error as a quarter.
             | it is the primary reason I've heard to explain the lack of
             | acceptance.
        
             | wredue wrote:
             | The coins don't work unless you stop production of, and
             | start reclaiming the bill variant.
             | 
             | Nobody wants to carry change, so of course they favour the
             | bill rather than the coin.
             | 
             | Canadians didn't have much interest in carrying the toonie
             | either, but had no choice in the matter.
        
             | NelsonMinar wrote:
             | You're right, I do realize!
        
           | TheRealPomax wrote:
           | If they were fishing quarters, they'd have a $44k in "side
           | income". The coin's value ultimate doesn't matter if you're
           | willing to steal 500 of them every single day.
        
       | dghughes wrote:
       | Making $17/hr in 1994 is equivalent to $31/hr in 2023.
       | 
       | Then again it was Alberta so even minimum wage workers were
       | probably making $17/hr back then since housing costs would have
       | been nuts, or anything really.
        
         | codelikeawolf wrote:
         | He was making $17/hr in _1981_ , which is over $58/hr in 2023.
         | I imagine he probably got raises, although they probably didn't
         | match inflation.
        
           | Scoundreller wrote:
           | I'm thinking they had to be a licensed electrician for the
           | job (there's AC behind that panel, oh no, you could touch the
           | wrong wire and DiE!!!1).
           | 
           | Lots of demand throughout the 70s for electricians in
           | Alberta.
           | 
           | I hope anyway...
        
       | anonu wrote:
       | Reminds me of the salami slicing technique in the movie Office
       | Space.
        
       | abkolan wrote:
       | As a non US/Canada based reader reading the article, I had a hard
       | time grokking the article without visuals of how this was pulled
       | off.
        
         | Scoundreller wrote:
         | Coin goes down slot like a vending machine hitting some sensor
         | telling the machine that a $0.25 or $1 coin has been accepted.
         | Dumb old machine has poor protections against reversing that
         | process, especially with faceplate removed.
        
       | StayTrue wrote:
       | Lots of confusion here about what such a meter actually looks
       | like. See the start of this [0] document for a photo. It's an
       | older photo but I remember the same from Edmonton in the 1980s.
       | No digital display, no thermal printer, etc. They were numerous
       | -- one meter for each parking spot. Later in the subject's tenure
       | they were swapped for digital display/timer meters with the same
       | form factor (still no printer).
       | 
       | https://pub-edmonton.escribemeetings.com/filestream.ashx?Doc...
       | 
       | Edit: disregard -- this doc is for parking meters rather than LRT
       | machines (which the article also calls LTR).
        
         | hn8305823 wrote:
         | In GTA Vice City one of the first ways you can make money
         | outside of missions is to sneak over to the main island, run
         | over parking meters downtown and collect the money. It doesn't
         | take long to collect enough to buy the cheap shack residence
         | downtown, which is conveniently near the police helipad.
        
         | Scoundreller wrote:
         | That's a parking meter though.
         | 
         | I think this guy snagged money from the light rail transit
         | ticket/token system.
         | 
         | Funny how parking meters can be somewhat standardized,
         | meanwhile every transit system seems to want to design/build
         | its own solution.
        
           | StayTrue wrote:
           | You're right!
        
         | Scoundreller wrote:
         | I did a quick google search, and this is what the LRT ticket
         | machines looked like in 1988:
         | 
         | https://www.reddit.com/media?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpreview.redd....
        
       | sirmike_ wrote:
       | No my dear Kara. Coins have three sides. Can't forget the edge.
       | 
       | "Before his sentencing in March 1996, Kara made an enigmatic
       | statement in court, promising at some point to share his side of
       | this fascinating tale "Remember, every coin has two sides"
        
       | Scoundreller wrote:
       | I did a quick google search, and this is what the LRT ticket
       | machines looked like in 1988 (which includes the period in
       | question):
       | 
       | https://www.reddit.com/media?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpreview.redd....
        
       | ilamont wrote:
       | Skimming from public transit is an old trick.
       | 
       | There was case like this in Boston about 15 years ago that came
       | to light as they were switching away from tokens to Charlie
       | Cards. It was an MBTA mechanic. IIRC he was caught because it
       | looked strange that someone kept showing up with bags of tokens
       | to exchange for cash at one of the stations.
       | 
       | Even with the new card system, someone figured out a scheme to
       | steal:
       | 
       | https://www.universalhub.com/2011/mbta-revere-man-made-sold-...
       | 
       | And when I was a kid there was a big parking meter scandal in
       | which most of the collectors were implicated after a resident saw
       | two of them skimming. Loved this quote from the investigator:
       | 
       |  _' 'The meters in Boston are the oldest I've ever seen,'' Mr.
       | Vitagliano said. ''In some cases, it is actually easier to take a
       | quarter out of one of our meters than to put a quarter in. I mean
       | that.''_
       | 
       | https://www.nytimes.com/1982/07/08/us/boston-meter-collector...
        
         | Scoundreller wrote:
         | That's nothing, in Canada we had a guy steal half point (200g)
         | gold nuggets... internally... from the Mint. Only got caught
         | when he deposited lots of big cheques from a gold coin shop at
         | his bank and they learned he worked at the Mint.
         | 
         | https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/royal-canadian-mint-emp...
         | 
         | In 2015, this fellow was making $55k/yr, contrast to the guy in
         | the article making $31k in 1981.
        
           | andy99 wrote:
           | The 38k/year was the most striking part of the article.
           | According to a (US) inflation calculator that would be 130k
           | today https://www.usinflationcalculator.com/ which seems very
           | good for an apparently entry level job.
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | I wonder if the fellow had to be a licensed electrician for
             | that job. It would explain a lot, especially in Alberta
             | where they were in high demand throughout the 70s to work
             | the oil patch.
        
             | cstejerean wrote:
             | I think that's largely because wages haven't really kept
             | pace with inflation.
        
             | phonon wrote:
             | It's a Canadian dollar, so about 20% less or so than USD at
             | that time.
        
         | JackFr wrote:
         | https://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/08/nyregion/tunnel-vision-ki...
         | 
         | Token sucking - described by police as the most disgusting non-
         | violent crime committed on the NYC subway.
        
           | subpixel wrote:
           | I recall seeing that happen on one occasion and thinking,
           | you've earned it.
        
           | avidiax wrote:
           | https://archive.ph/CtpVe
        
         | foooorsyth wrote:
         | In Boston in the '90s and early 2000s, an out of order parking
         | meter meant you could park for free. There was a sensor in the
         | coin slot to detect jams which would in turn put the meter out
         | of order. If you ripped off the flip up lid from a Dunkin
         | Donuts coffee cup and inserted it into and removed it from the
         | coin slot, the meter would go out of order. It was almost as if
         | that's what the Dunkin engineers designed it for. It worked
         | every time.
         | 
         | Many a cold morning in Boston my father would prefer to pay the
         | $1 for his Dunkin coffee than pay for parking as we ran errands
         | in the city. A trail of disabled meters laid in our wake. Not
         | the best lesson for 8 year old me but a funny memory
         | nonetheless. RIP Dad.
        
           | FrankoDelMar wrote:
           | My father used to do this too in Boston, but instead by
           | jamming the slot with some kind of paper past the point of
           | removing it. Extra points for using the orange colored
           | envelope you got with your last parking ticket. Definitely
           | was not a good lesson for a similarly aged me.
        
             | foooorsyth wrote:
             | > My father used to do this too in Boston, but instead by
             | jamming the slot with some kind of paper past the point of
             | removing it
             | 
             | This is why the Dunkin flip up lid was such a technological
             | innovation: my dad was worried that he'd get reported by a
             | meter maid if they continuously found his junker purple
             | Oldsmobile Eighty-Eight (out of place in the Back Bay) in
             | front of meters with obvious and visible paper jams. The
             | Dunkin lid did just enough to permanently trip the jam
             | sensor while also being removable _and_ reusable. It gave
             | you just enough plausible deniability. For a while there he
             | just kept one in his center console instead of bothering
             | with change machines.
             | 
             | >Extra points for using the orange colored envelope you got
             | with your last parking ticket
             | 
             | Nothing worse than seeing that neon orange envelope under
             | your wiper blade from afar when returning to your car.
             | Those meter maids were like ninjas.
        
             | c1sc0 wrote:
             | I'd argue that it is a very good lesson for that age ...
        
         | NelsonMinar wrote:
         | For years San Francisco had a major problem with city employees
         | and contractors stealing the money from the meters.
         | 
         | https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/robbed-blind-parking-cza...
        
       | ben30 wrote:
       | Reminds me of a lesser-known story from the Falklands War. On the
       | HMS Sheffield, there was a civilian laundry worker. When the ship
       | was struck and sank, he tragically drowned, reportedly burdened
       | by a large number of PS1 coins he carried from laundry payments.
        
       | 1letterunixname wrote:
       | P: _This sounds familiar._
       | 
       | M: _Yeah... they did it in Superman III._
       | 
       | P: _Right._
       | 
       | M: _What a good movie, actually. And then a bunch of hackers did
       | it in the 70s as well and one of 'em got busted._
       | 
       | P: _Well, so they check for this now._
       | 
       | M: _No, here 's the thing. Initech's so backed up with all the
       | software we're updating for the year 2000, they'd never notice._
       | 
       | P: _You 're right. And even if they wanted to, they couldn't
       | check all that code._
       | 
       | M: _Thumbs up their asses. Thumbs up their asses._
       | 
       | P: _So, Michael, what 's to stop you from doing this?_
       | 
       | M: _It 's not worth the risk, I got a good job._
       | 
       | P: _What if you *didn 't* have a good job?_
       | 
       | Edit: All of the publicly available scripts and quotes were
       | wrong. Checked the original source. ;@]
        
       | rsynnott wrote:
       | > an indoor fountain
       | 
       | His fatal mistake. Anyone with an indoor fountain is obviously up
       | to _something_.
        
       | CodeSheikh wrote:
       | Is this the infamous magnet-bandit?
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salim_Kara
        
         | 1letterunixname wrote:
         | Common sense points to "unlikely" since there's a filmmaker and
         | other untold namefellows, just like anyone else. I suspect the
         | real SK keeps a low profile.
        
         | huytersd wrote:
         | I doubt it but it would be a testament if it was this guy and
         | he used a small public transport "seed fund" to start a postage
         | empire.
        
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