[HN Gopher] Woman with rectifier and electric car (1912)
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       Woman with rectifier and electric car (1912)
        
       Author : 1970-01-01
       Score  : 258 points
       Date   : 2024-01-01 17:33 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (nyheritage.contentdm.oclc.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (nyheritage.contentdm.oclc.org)
        
       | genman wrote:
       | If you look at the picture carefully then you can notice that
       | there is no steering wheel.
        
         | antiframe wrote:
         | Before steering wheels were commonplace many horseless
         | carriages used levers.
        
         | actionfromafar wrote:
         | Right. There's a steering tiller to the left side.
        
         | yial wrote:
         | The silver bar on the left of the vehicle controls the steering
         | by pushing or pulling it towards or away from the driver. The
         | linkage is exposed as well.
        
         | repsak wrote:
         | Obviously self driving!
        
       | junon wrote:
       | Related:
       | 
       | - https://www.driving.co.uk/features/charging-electric-car-loo...
       | 
       | - https://artsandculture.google.com/story/ge-and-the-electric-...
       | 
       | More photos of women and the GE Electric Car ca. 1912:
       | https://www.flickr.com/photos/gereports/4993857638/
        
       | ytdytvhxgydvhh wrote:
       | It'd really be ahead of its time if the next photo in the series
       | was: "Woman curses at phone when charging app requires update to
       | function"
        
         | blackaspen wrote:
         | I still hate that I can't just use a credit card + pre-auth (or
         | even cash!) at an EV charging station like I can at every
         | single gas station. The data! It's! Important! To! Investors!
        
           | ytdytvhxgydvhh wrote:
           | Ideally we'd follow in Norways's footsteps and mandate that
           | new charging stations accept credit cards but that's probably
           | a lost hope with electric cars being a culture war issue in
           | the US these days.
        
             | throwawaaarrgh wrote:
             | Americans prefer to just take whatever crap corporations
             | give them, and our public chargers definitely are crap.
        
               | thfuran wrote:
               | Well, you see, imposing any limitations on the god-given
               | rights of corporations gives the invisible hand
               | arthritis.
        
             | wkat4242 wrote:
             | How is it a culture war? I thought that was pretty much
             | over since the cybertruck convinced even hardline
             | republican gas guzzler owners to buy one :P
             | 
             | Elon is very intolerant but at least he is popular with the
             | traditionally hardline climate change denier crowd. I'm
             | really hoping that will make for bipartisan climate action
             | support in the end.
        
               | kbos87 wrote:
               | Hasn't happened just yet, they still need more time to
               | think up their excuses as to why they finally caved and
               | bought the clearly superior technology ;)
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | while the electric truck exists, it is in short supply
               | and so you can't really get it. So they hake time.
        
               | dubcanada wrote:
               | This article seems to suggest there still is hold out
               | amongst hardline republicans. Though it also suggests it
               | could be gas costs related...
               | 
               | https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/republican-strongholds-are-
               | barel...
        
               | ytdytvhxgydvhh wrote:
               | True enough, the biggest Trump supporter I know bought a
               | Tesla a few years back. But Trump has pivoted to
               | something like "Democrats and globalists support electric
               | cars so electric cars are bad": https://www.msn.com/en-
               | us/news/politics/trump-wishes-electri...
        
               | tomjakubowski wrote:
               | A Cybertruck with a dedicated combustion engine for
               | rolling coal, now that would be something.
        
             | crazygringo wrote:
             | Agreed.
             | 
             | If you want to have some app-based loyalty programs or
             | whatever, the way supermarkets do, that's fine.
             | 
             | But this seems to be a perfect area for consumer
             | regulation.
        
             | kwhitefoot wrote:
             | Not just Norway but also the EU (especially Germany).
        
             | dangrossman wrote:
             | The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021 included
             | $7.5 billion to establish the National Electric Vehicle
             | Infrastructure program. This program aims to build
             | substantial charging stations every 50 miles along every
             | major travel corridor in the US. The first charging
             | stations funded by it opened earlier this month. NEVI
             | requires that all charging stations built with this funding
             | not require any accounts or apps to initiate a charge, so
             | they will likely all have credit card terminals.
        
           | wkat4242 wrote:
           | Cash wouldn't work as most charging stations would be
           | constantly broken due to attempts to rob them. It's why even
           | parking meters no longer take cash.
           | 
           | In Amsterdam a lot of the officials that collected the coins
           | actually took a lot for themselves even. All those little
           | coins add up to a lot.
           | 
           | But it should NOT be necessary to give up your privacy.
           | Privacy is a human right.
        
             | crazygringo wrote:
             | > _In Amsterdam a lot of the officials that collected the
             | coins actually took a lot for themselves even._
             | 
             | Considering the fact that the machine counts the coins it
             | receives, and a value of coins gets deposited in a bank,
             | this seems like the easiest fraud in the world to catch.
             | 
             | If that went on for a long time, that is some horrifically
             | incompetent oversight.
             | 
             | Edit: I'm suddenly realizing this was probably about the
             | pre-digital coin-operated parking meters. Which makes me
             | wonder how _could_ you prevent widespread skimming? Unless
             | they had tamper-proof  "odometers" inside that you had to
             | record the value of each time you emptied them?
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | > Considering the fact that the machine counts the coins
               | it receives
               | 
               | It doesn't. The added hardware for that would be
               | redundant if you could trust the coin collectors.
               | Remember, these were completely mechanical devices.
        
               | anticensor wrote:
               | Yes, they had mechanical odometers in them.
        
               | wkat4242 wrote:
               | They did but the values were registered by the same
               | people that emptied them.
               | 
               | Eventually it was very hard to find who tampered with the
               | books but eventually they were caught, which is how we
               | know about it.
        
             | tzs wrote:
             | > Cash wouldn't work as most charging stations would be
             | constantly broken due to attempts to rob them. It's why
             | even parking meters no longer take cash.
             | 
             | Most gas stations in the US take cash without having to
             | fend off constant robbery attempts. I don't see why EV
             | charging stations could not do the same.
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | Isn't the vehicle itself the authorization for Tesla?
        
             | blackaspen wrote:
             | There's an SAE standard for this, but I _also_ don't want
             | that.
             | 
             | I rented an EV, and had to download an app, use 2fa, and
             | store my credit card, to be able to charge at the hotel I
             | was staying at. This was pretty crummy.
             | 
             | Vehicle-based auth, at least w/ rental cars, sounds like a
             | great way to make lots of money with fees.
        
           | martin-adams wrote:
           | In the UK it's going this way. You can tap your contactless
           | payment card to pre-auth then charge
        
           | fisherjeff wrote:
           | You can with some charging stations. Well, that's assuming
           | the card reader works, which is a much less safe assumption
           | than it is with gas pumps.
        
         | doubloon wrote:
         | yeah there should be an old-timey telephone where she has to
         | call the charging company and give them her name and password,
         | then ask them to begin the charge cycle.
        
           | orblivion wrote:
           | "Autopilot Mode" is where you just put the horse back on.
        
           | Rebelgecko wrote:
           | I don't have the link handy, but there was a really
           | interesting EV charging station guide from like 1920 that
           | actually had phone #s to call if you needed the electricity
           | turned on at the listed address (along with context like
           | "this is the mechanics home phone, please only call during
           | these hours unless it's an emergency")
        
       | gauravphoenix wrote:
       | that's all good but does it have FSD?
       | 
       | Jokes aside, it is enlightening to see how far we have come. Just
       | 10 years ago, seeing a Tesla in SF bay area would be a topic of
       | conversation. Today, I have two Teslas parked in my garage and
       | yesterday when we went for a NYE party, 80% of the attendees
       | drove Tesla (or Tesla drove them ;)
        
         | ronnier wrote:
         | Same, I also have two Teslas. 21 Y and a 23 S Plaid. What an
         | experience to drive every day, absolutely love both of them.
        
           | tirant wrote:
           | What's special about driving a Tesla that makes the
           | experience remarkable ? I've test driven recent Model 3 and
           | Model Ys and found the experience subpar compared to other
           | EVs: noisy, uncomfortable suspension, lack of parking
           | assistant systems, lack of reliable speed limit recognition
           | and lane keeping assistant system, no matrix headlights or
           | even HUD. Basically every new technology you can have in new
           | mid/high range cars compares to my old 2008 VW Golf is
           | missing on modern Model 3/Ys. I loved the spacious interior,
           | but felt also cheap. The UI of the screen is also very nice
           | and smooth, but I still prefer using Apple CarPlay. People
           | compliment Tesla supercharger network, and I have to admit
           | I've never used it, but I also have to say I never had an
           | issue with other HPC networks like Ionity or Fastned in
           | Europe.
        
             | speedgoose wrote:
             | The value.
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | Not OP. Have driven over 110k miles in a 2018 Model S, bury
             | me in it, I almost love it more than my family. Value is
             | subjective, of course, but few material possessions bring
             | me as much joy as driving fully electric across the country
             | while the vehicle is on Autopilot (have driven across the
             | US the last 6 years almost exclusively on Supercharger fast
             | charging [1]). I paid for the future and got it, that is
             | value (to me).
             | 
             | (own an S, an X, and two Ys; also have a Cybertruck
             | reservation)
             | 
             | [1] https://supercharge.info/map
        
             | ronnier wrote:
             | The fsd is magic. Watching it make turns etc.
             | 
             | And for my S plaid, it will beat anything on the road. Any
             | super car or hyper car, it will take in 0-60 and the
             | quarter mile.
             | 
             | The sound system is extremely good.
             | 
             | And the fact that my car has a gpu with steam and wireless
             | controllers is a very cool feature. Playing street fighter
             | in my car on an 18" screen is extremely neat.
        
               | leovander wrote:
               | > it will beat anything on the road. Any super car or
               | hyper car, it will take in 0-60 and the quarter mile.
               | 
               | What roads are you racing on and how often are you having
               | to race a quarter mile?
        
               | jjtheblunt wrote:
               | If a Camry kicks up a rock and breaks your windshield,
               | can you get it fixed easily?
               | 
               | I'm not being sarcastic in that question: my cousin
               | waited several months for a repair on his Model 3 in the
               | Phoenix metro area with at least 2 dedicated Tesla
               | corporate garage facilities.
        
               | ronnier wrote:
               | Yes. A bus broke my s plaid window with a rock. Had it
               | fixed within a week. Dropped it off in the morning and
               | had it back by 4pm
        
               | jjtheblunt wrote:
               | Nice! I wonder if my cousin's repairs coincided with
               | parts scarcity during the pandemic era confusion.
        
               | nixass wrote:
               | > The fsd is magic
               | 
               | My car has adaptive cruise control too.
               | 
               | > Any super car or hyper car, it will take in 0-60 and
               | the quarter mile.
               | 
               | Wow such a high schooler mentality. It's literally the
               | only thing worth mentioning when describing Tesla to
               | someone.
        
               | badpun wrote:
               | > The fsd is magic. Watching it make turns etc.
               | 
               | Shouldn't you watch it at all times, since it's not
               | reliable? Sounds more like a gimmick to me, just driving
               | the car yourself seems less tiring than constantly
               | hovering over an ai-driven car, being ready to take over
               | in an instant.
        
         | loceng wrote:
         | Arguably the sole reason the industry has come so far is
         | because of Elon Musk not toeing the industrial complex line, of
         | which clearly has attempted to suppress EV - whether was the
         | status quo administrators-operators who weren't competent or
         | compelled to create good enough disruptive technology - or it
         | was mostly the oil industry attempting to squash it.
         | 
         | I don't predict EVs will completely takeover though, as there
         | is major distrust now of most governments and the one world
         | order that seems to be attempting to form, and the highly dense
         | energy of easily transportation gasoline is an obvious way to
         | not be dependant on an easily controlled-captured power grid.
        
           | recursive wrote:
           | It seems easier to get an EV charger off grid than a ICE
           | refueling. Gasoline relies on refineries. You can charge your
           | EV from solar panels at your secret hidden mountain lair.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | But you can but gas in a can as needed. Many remote
             | locations don't have much solar potential because of
             | lattitude.
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | Just have to check how much solar power solar panels
               | produce during day now in areas beyond Artic Circle...
               | Doesn't seem exactly great technology.
        
             | cesarb wrote:
             | > It seems easier to get an EV charger off grid than a ICE
             | refueling. Gasoline relies on refineries.
             | 
             | That's because you're restricting the ICE to gasoline. I
             | believe you don't need a refinery to produce ethanol from
             | sugarcane (ethanol-fueled ICE vehicles are common here in
             | Brazil); I don't know much about diesel, but you might also
             | not need a full refinery to produce biodiesel.
        
           | jackjeff wrote:
           | Considered how expensive EVs are and since they can't do
           | simple things like airport return trips, I predict that gas
           | guzzlers still have a long life ahead of them.
           | 
           | I know EVs will get cheaper. But there's no chance they'll
           | ever be as inexpensive as the cheap gasoline cars that some
           | people can barely afford today. It's unavoidable for car
           | ownership to go down on the long run.
           | 
           | It may not be such a bad thing to have more public transport
           | or car sharing schemes though... but in the mean time expect
           | disenfranchised people to vote for populists candidates that
           | go against EV policies, hence slowing down adoption.
           | 
           | The tail end of EV adoption will be a lot longer than people
           | think in opinion.
           | 
           | My guess is 20 years for 2/3 cars to be EVs. 10 years for new
           | cars and another 10 for the second hand market.
           | 
           | It took about 10 years for SUVs to become the de facto car
           | form factor. So I see a similar adoption here.
        
             | quonn wrote:
             | What do you mean by ,,can't do airport return trips"?
        
           | RetroTechie wrote:
           | You got that reversed: EVs match well with off-grid /
           | decentralized power generation like solar.
           | 
           | ICE vehicles otoh _depend_ on gas stations  & all the
           | infrastructure behind those. Yes they're still everywhere &
           | you have range, but sooner or later you have to visit one.
           | Only exeption are engines that take fuels like plant oils (
           | _some_ diesel engines) or perhaps ethanol.
        
             | oaththrowaway wrote:
             | EVs have bigger capacity than my off-grid house. No way I
             | could keep one charged while also trying to power my house.
             | In the winter my standby generator has to kick on just to
             | keep my house powered. It's not even a matter of adding
             | more panels, just living in the mountains I only get so
             | much sun in the shorter winter days... And that's if I have
             | clear skies and without snow covering the panels
        
         | phyzome wrote:
         | No, but the horseful carriage did.
        
       | Stratoscope wrote:
       | A recent test drive:
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/Xzk6acQO-KQ
        
       | willtheperson wrote:
       | Fully charged show did an episode on this car (or maybe just this
       | era.) either way, I found it interesting to see the similarities
       | in design to todays evs considering how early so many of these
       | concepts were.
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/Xzk6acQO-KQ?si=zNIOA70iBS2_upWf
        
       | fs_tab wrote:
       | Interestingly, these were capable of 30-40 miles of range on a
       | single charge (essentially the same range you get with modern
       | Plug-in Electric Hybrids on battery power)
        
         | tsunamifury wrote:
         | At 20 or so mph. A lot different than 65mph
        
           | cldellow wrote:
           | A quick Google suggests that early cars were also lighter--
           | probably easier to hoick about a 1,200 lb Model T than a
           | 3,000 lb Camry.
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | That's a smaller difference than I'd have expected, tbh. I
             | guess it makes sense though, lots of work has gone into
             | making cars safe and light.
        
             | Gibbon1 wrote:
             | I rode in a Model T. It has a serious golf cart nature.
             | 
             | This article from 1936 captures it well.
             | 
             | https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1936/05/16/farewell-my-
             | lo...
        
           | everybodyknows wrote:
           | Yes. Recall that wind resistance goes as the square of speed.
        
       | bluejekyll wrote:
       | It's hard not to look at this and think that battery technology
       | would have progressed far more had the electric car been chosen
       | rather than gas and how that would have meant all the investment
       | into efficiency that the gasoline engine got, batteries and
       | electric motors would have gotten all of that investment instead.
       | 
       | I was trying to find the range of gas cars vs electric in 1912,
       | and it looks like gas cars at that period tended to be a little
       | over 100 miles and the best electrics were 80, with most at 50.
       | It's too bad the Model T wasn't electric.
       | 
       | " While the prototypes seemed to work well enough, in Ford's view
       | they had a fatal flaw. His development crew had been unable to
       | get the Edison batteries to perform as required. While nickel-
       | iron batteries have a long service life, they are slow to charge,
       | produce less voltage per cell, and as we've already seen, are
       | considerably more expensive. To move the project along, the team
       | substituted ordinary lead-acid batteries, and at that point
       | Ford's patience reached its limit. Without the Edison batteries,
       | the electric flivver no longer had any reason to exist, in Ford's
       | mind anyway. After a reported expenditure of $1.5 million, mainly
       | in Edison batteries, Henry pulled the plug."
       | 
       | https://www.macsmotorcitygarage.com/henry-fords-electric-mod...
        
         | KolmogorovComp wrote:
         | This raise an interesting question. Is improving the battery
         | tech an inherently more difficult problem than the efficiency
         | of a thermic motor?
         | 
         | I'd intuitively think so, as it's mostly chemical compared to
         | mechanical work, and that would explain why thermic engine were
         | favoured at the time. (On top of economic reasons)
        
           | usrusr wrote:
           | If battery tech was easy and it only failed to progress
           | faster due to lack of a well-funded use case, then submarine
           | warfare should have brought us to Tesla-grade batteries in no
           | time.
        
             | nick222226 wrote:
             | Fission batteries, baby!
        
               | Gare wrote:
               | Currently there are two land vehicles that drive with
               | them :)
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | That did bring them nuclear reactors though. Hasn't helped
             | my electricity come from nuclear.
        
               | Philip-J-Fry wrote:
               | That's the next step though. SMRs, Small Modular
               | Reactors. Basically the same sort of thing that's in a
               | submarine but dotted around our neighbourhoods and
               | cities.
        
             | __m wrote:
             | Panasonic-grade
        
           | avianlyric wrote:
           | I don't think it so much that battery chemistry is so hard to
           | improve, but rather the energy density of oil is so high, you
           | don't simply don't need an efficient thermic motor to do
           | useful work.
           | 
           | If you completely ignore the externalities of oil (which we
           | did for a very long time). Then it's very hard for an
           | electric battery to compete with diesel or gasoline. Gasoline
           | has an energy density of about 46MJ/Kg, compared to a lithium
           | ion battery at just 0.9MJ/Kg and that's a modern battery. A
           | lead acid battery is just 0.15MJ/Kg.
           | 
           | So right out of the gate, your thermic motor can be _two
           | orders of magnitude_ less efficient than your electric motor,
           | and still achieve the same range with an equivalent mass of
           | stored energy. And that's ignoring the fact the thermic
           | engine burns its fuel, so does more useful work as the mass
           | of stored energy drops.
           | 
           | To be quite honest, it's astounding to me that electric
           | traction was even remotely competitive with thermic traction
           | back in Henry Fords era. The head start thermic engines get
           | from such high density fuel is kind of obscene.
        
         | MBCook wrote:
         | I had heard that Edison's batteries were subpar compared to
         | other contemporaries. Which makes me wonder if things would've
         | been different if Ford and Edison weren't friends.
         | 
         | But gasoline is so energy dense and at the time was so
         | incredibly cheap I think it would've been a fight even if the
         | batteries were better.
        
         | asdfsadfklj wrote:
         | I don't think it would have been popular. Oil is very cheap
         | $/potential energy and not range-limited in the same way EVs
         | are. And even if you dumped trillions of $s in battery tech 100
         | years ago it's not clear it would be enough to really improve
         | the situation.
        
         | emodendroket wrote:
         | Given how central gasoline was to developments leading up to
         | and during the Pacific War (like the role of the Dutch East
         | Indies), history would change in all sorts of difficult-to-
         | imagine ways.
        
         | hef19898 wrote:
         | The reason ICE cars won, is that electro motors got good enough
         | to serve as starter motors for ICEs. Which is kind of ironic.
        
           | olyjohn wrote:
           | Also if you wanted to travel a longer distance, you just
           | threw a couple cans of fuel in the back. Neither electricity
           | nor fuel stations were abundant, but extending the range
           | using gas was dead nuts simple.
        
             | berkes wrote:
             | It makes the assumption that in early 1900 people wanted or
             | needed to travel far.
             | 
             | Did they? Even today, most travels are under 100km, often
             | averaging around <60km a day for commutes and less for non
             | commutes. Would that have been different then? I wouldn't
             | be surprised to learn that back then, when the car was
             | replacing horse drawn carriers, on a very rudimentary
             | infrastructure (no tarmac, no paved roads outside of City
             | centers) it was even less.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | It's not only about traveling long distances. It's about
               | traveling short distances many times without refueling.
               | 
               | And about recovering from using your fuel. It's easier to
               | walk (or hitchhike) to a fueling station and carry a
               | gallon or 5 of fuel back to your vehicle than it is to
               | carry back a similar amount of electric charge. So you've
               | got to move the vehicle somewhere it can charge --- not
               | too hard today, electricity is near omnipresent and
               | highly standardized in the developed world and mobile
               | generators are common; but in the early 1900s, not so
               | much.
               | 
               | I imagine few people were regularly using personal
               | vehicles for commuting at the dawn of cars, but cars and
               | trucks are immensely useful to move goods. Rapid point to
               | point transport of goods for routes beyond navagable
               | waters and the rail network opens up a lot of opportunity
               | for trade and doing business in more of the country.
               | 
               | Note that cars can work with minimal infrastructure ---
               | pavement is nice, but not required, although modern cars
               | might not like it very much.
        
               | datameta wrote:
               | General agreement, but I must say the difficulty of
               | travel without roads using thin solid rubber wheels and
               | rudimentary suspension was rather rough, regardless of
               | engine tech.
        
               | drewcoo wrote:
               | > It's easier to walk (or hitchhike) to a fueling station
               | and carry a gallon or 5 of fuel back to your vehicle than
               | it is to carry back a similar amount of electric charge.
               | 
               | That seems more like post facto justification than an
               | original design consideration.
               | 
               | Early cars were meant to be easily fixed, though. And
               | that was likely a design consideration. Before cars were
               | fuel-injected and full of computers there were "shade
               | tree mechanics" everywhere. Of course "easy to fix" is
               | maybe just a proxy for "unreliable." Kind of like
               | software . . .
               | 
               | > cars and trucks are immensely useful to move goods
               | 
               | So are wagons pulled by draft animals. In fact, those
               | wagons are much more reliable before roads were built to
               | enable the automobile. Probably why there was a reliance
               | on them for several generations after the country was
               | crisscrossed with rail.
               | 
               | > pavement is nice, but not required
               | 
               | Pavement as we think of it was designed for cars, not
               | vice-versa. The Appian way has lasted for thousands of
               | years, but that's not much like how our streets and
               | highways are built.
               | 
               | https://pavementinteractive.org/reference-desk/pavement-
               | type...
        
               | heavenlyblue wrote:
               | > So are wagons pulled by draft animals. In fact, those
               | wagons are much more reliable before roads were built to
               | enable the automobile. Probably why there was a reliance
               | on them for several generations after the country was
               | crisscrossed with rail.
               | 
               | define reliable? Of course there was reliance on them,
               | rail doesn't go all the way to your back garden
        
               | hugh-avherald wrote:
               | Everyday commuters? Perhaps not. But a couple of years
               | after this photo there was a major increase in demand for
               | vehicles with extended range.
        
           | notahacker wrote:
           | Ford sold a couple of million Model Ts (and gave up on his
           | electric car project with Edison) before offering an electric
           | starter motor as an option. The advantage of ICEs at the time
           | was massive even if you had to hand crank the engine.
        
         | intrasight wrote:
         | > ... battery technology would have progressed far more had the
         | electric car been chosen rather than gas and how that would
         | have meant all the investment into ...
         | 
         | Replace gas/elecric with digital/analog. Is something I
         | contemplated having studied neuroscience.
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | I think I somewhat disagree, having studied EE, although I
           | did get out on purpose, so maybe I am biased. Analog circuits
           | can be a real pain, though.
           | 
           | When the voltage means something, you actually have to get it
           | right. With digital circuits, just smash it in the right
           | direction as fast as possible. Get anywhere near Vdd and you
           | have a 1, perfect!
        
         | sethev wrote:
         | $1.5 million in 1912 is almost $50 million today, so he
         | invested pretty heavily in electric before moving on. Without
         | the benefit of hindsight, it's hard to imagine that going
         | differently.
         | 
         | I wonder if anyone at the time had an inkling of the long-term
         | downsides of gasoline powered engines?
        
           | wredue wrote:
           | Climate change predictions look to have "began" around 10
           | years after the first patent for gas vehicles, but predate
           | mass production by a decade.
           | 
           | There probably wasn't widespread knowledge at the time of
           | mass production.
           | 
           | Then ~70 years ago, vehicle and oil giants absolutely knew
           | what was happening and got the wheels spinning on a massive
           | propaganda machine that continues to thrive today.
        
             | collias wrote:
             | To be fair, I'm not sure choosing electric over gasoline
             | cars at that time would have much effect on our current
             | climate situation, assuming equal timelines for renewable
             | tech.
             | 
             | All those cars would have needed electricity from
             | somewhere, and at the time, gasoline and coal were pretty
             | cheap ways to generate it.
        
             | Wytwwww wrote:
             | It's not like they had solar, wind or nuclear back then.
             | Power was produced by burning coal which isn't that much
             | better than burning gasoline.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | > I was trying to find the range of gas cars vs electric in
         | 1912, and it looks like gas cars at that period tended to be a
         | little over 100 miles and the best electrics were 80, with most
         | at 50. It's too bad the Model T wasn't electric.
         | 
         | It's pretty trivial to range extend a gas vehicle within
         | reasonable limits. Gas cans had a lot of development (the shape
         | and features of a modern metal gas can came together in the
         | 1930s), but any container sturdy enough and sealable will work.
         | In a model T, fuel was fed by gravity, so tank capacity is
         | strongly limited by where you can put the tank. On a vehicle
         | with a fuel pump, there would be more flexibility (my first car
         | had a 33 gallon tank... if you combined that with a fuel
         | efficient powertrain, the range would be huge)
        
           | jetbalsa wrote:
           | and at the time of the Model T you could just about run them
           | on anything with hydrocarbons in them with some adjustments.
           | A electric car required infrastructure that just didn't exist
           | at the time until after the Rural Electrification Act in 1936
        
             | hunter2_ wrote:
             | > infrastructure that just didn't exist at the time until
             | after the Rural Electrification Act in 1936
             | 
             | While not entirely critical I suppose, not getting stranded
             | in an EV today also relies on much newer stuff as well,
             | like the on board computer using cellular communications
             | and GPS to help find a charging station within range of
             | your destination. I imagine that in the absence of this
             | assistance, the number of disabled EVs would be intolerably
             | high, and delivering a can of gas is much simpler than
             | delivering electricity or towing.
        
               | jetbalsa wrote:
               | also if the amount of EV charging stations was the same
               | as the amount of gas stations we wouldn't have that issue
               | as well. Early gas was bought at stores in cans most of
               | the time, bulk pumping was just not very common.
        
           | berkes wrote:
           | Yes. Those are the reasons why gas was chosen.
           | 
           | But it doesn't make the question "where would we be now, if
           | the choice had been made different" less interesting.
        
             | somerandomqaguy wrote:
             | Kind of depends on broad the answer is.
             | 
             | In isolation, sure, battery chemistry might've gone a
             | little further. But I suspect it would've plateaued sooner
             | without the sophisticated battery management systems that
             | modern integrated circuits enabled.
             | 
             | When taken in scope of events of the 20th century like the
             | World Wars? Countries that had adopted electric would've
             | found themselves at a decisive disadvantage against
             | countries that chose oil. The gas piston engine enabled
             | advances in aviation and blue water ships. I have my doubts
             | electric adopting countries would've survived against those
             | advantages.
        
               | pmontra wrote:
               | I doubt that electric armored vehicles will fare well
               | against oil counterparts in the next century. Powering
               | large batteries every day on a long frontline like
               | Ukraine / Russia is not easy. Transporting and hiding oil
               | is easier.
        
           | jjtheblunt wrote:
           | what had a 33 gallon tank?
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | Scout II, factory option.
        
               | jjtheblunt wrote:
               | That's pretty awesome.
        
           | fsckboy wrote:
           | > _It 's pretty trivial to range extend a gas vehicle within
           | reasonable limits. Gas cans..._
           | 
           | gas cans!? the way we generally range extend a gas vehicle is
           | to pull into a gas station and a couple minutes later you're
           | on your way again.
           | 
           | For electrics, gas cans would be additional heavy batteries,
           | while filling stations have the longer refill time, which can
           | fit your schedule (recharge while at work) or not (stop to
           | recharge every few hours on a long drive).
           | 
           | (please don't all start telling me about quick charging and a
           | list of neat things to do while you wait and how the
           | mindfulness is overall better. I'm just making a comment
           | about available means to extend the range of a car)
           | 
           | in the transition phase (horse to car), a farmer with a model
           | T could use a horse and buggy to bring a gas can to a stalled
           | car. Would have to tow the battery car to where there is
           | electricity and a rectifier. Look up "rural electrification
           | program" to see how little electricity there was in the
           | hinterlands at that time.
        
             | tuatoru wrote:
             | At the time rural domestic light was provided by kerosene
             | lamps. The kerosene was sold in four-gallon(?) tins by
             | general stores. Gasoline was initially sold in the same
             | way, as another product just like kerosene at your local
             | general store.
             | 
             | Familiarity is another thing that would have pushed people
             | towards gasoline rather than electric. As well as the easy
             | replication of the distribution network, by the same
             | suppliers.
             | 
             | 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lamp
        
               | drewcoo wrote:
               | Electricity was not just unfamiliar to people. It was not
               | understood. It was magic, possibly not just good magic.
               | 
               | That was a time before electrical engineering as mature
               | field really existed. The situation parallels software
               | today.
               | 
               | It didn't help that Edison was electrocuting animals
               | across the country to frighten people about AC in the
               | late 19th and early 20th centuries.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topsy_(elephant)
               | 
               | The mysterious workings of electrical gadgets were also
               | the inspiration for Rube Goldberg's cartoons.
               | 
               | https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/story-behind-rube-
               | gol...
               | 
               | That was the electrical zeitgest a little over a century
               | ago.
        
               | fmj wrote:
               | Did you even read the article you linked to?
               | 
               | > The story of Topsy fell into obscurity for the next 70
               | years but has become more prominent in popular culture,
               | partly because the film of the event still exists. In
               | popular culture, Thompson and Dundy's killing of Topsy
               | has switched attribution, with claims it was an anti-
               | alternating current demonstration organized by Thomas A.
               | Edison during the war of the currents. Edison was never
               | at Luna Park and the electrocution of Topsy took place
               | ten years after the war of currents.
        
         | Teever wrote:
         | I've had similar thoughts with regards to the development of
         | solar panels.
         | 
         | Imagine if America chose to respond to the 1973 oil embargo by
         | investing tons of resources into the development of solar
         | panels and made true energy independence a priority.
         | 
         | We would be in a totally different position right now with
         | regards to the climate and geopolitics.
        
           | CamperBob2 wrote:
           | We would've spent a lot of time hanging around local maxima
           | in both cases. The development of both modern batteries and
           | solar cells required advanced material science. No one was
           | going to build a Model Y in 1950, or a 25%-efficient solar
           | cell in 1970.
           | 
           | EVs lost because gasoline is fucking _awesome_ when
           | considered solely as a means to transport energy and release
           | it in a controlled manner. That 's really all there is to it.
        
             | Teever wrote:
             | Yeah, this is a thought I just had a few days ago and I've
             | been meaning to look into what the bottle neck with regards
             | to solar panels was.
             | 
             | What sort of innovations in material science were needed to
             | bring about the development of more efficient or affordable
             | solar panels?
        
               | CamperBob2 wrote:
               | For solar cells, it was (according to Wikipedia) 1954
               | before the first practical PV cell was built. So that's
               | already a late start. From there it seems that a lot of
               | technologies had to develop in parallel, from larger
               | silicon wafers to advances in understanding how to work
               | with thin-film materials.
               | 
               | Meanwhile, in the 1950s and 1960s nuclear power was going
               | to be the Next Big Thing, and it was understandable that
               | low-efficiency PV tech was of interest only for things
               | like satellites. IMHO, the top-down energy policy
               | managers that couldn't fulfill the "too cheap to meter"
               | promises of nuclear power wouldn't have been up to the
               | task of accelerating PV technology either.
               | 
               | Solar cells are not like gas lasers, which could have
               | been built in a neon-sign shop in the 1930s if the
               | science needed to steer the technology had been in place.
               | They are more like practical neural nets. Sure, they
               | could have been built in the 1960s... if only GPUs
               | weren't so darned hard to come by.
               | 
               | (And as someone else suggested, any nation that began the
               | 20th century by pouring the resources into PV cells and
               | EVs that we put into fossil fuels wouldn't have lived to
               | see the 21st.)
               | 
               | Similar story for lithium batteries.
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7215417/
               | seems to be a decent survey of their evolutionary
               | timeline. They consist of multiple discrete technologies.
               | R&D that goes into a good cathode has to be done
               | separately from work on anodes. Same for electrolytes and
               | separators. Looking at the bibliography in that article,
               | batteries don't seem like the sort of field where
               | progress could have been accelerated just by throwing
               | money at it, and I think that's true for PV tech as well.
        
               | Teever wrote:
               | The alternate timeline I was suggesting didn't start in
               | 1900, but 1973, with the oil embargo.
               | 
               | It seems to me that by the 1970s all the groundwork was
               | there to start a solar panel revolution and that the
               | major reasons it didn't happen were political and social,
               | not technical.
               | 
               | Keep in mind that I haven't done any research on this
               | subject yet, I just thought of it a few days ago and I'd
               | love to hear input from anyone who is much more informed
               | on the subject than I am.
        
           | Gibbon1 wrote:
           | I think when it comes to electric vehicles. The big issue was
           | the batteries. It's a hard problem. Probably too hard for the
           | science and technology 100 years ago. It's one hard problem
           | after another. I worked with some lithium primary cells in
           | the mid 80's. They were amazeballs and terrifying. They had
           | an internal 4 amp fuse for safety.
           | 
           | But solar, I think we really under invested. My semi-trollish
           | comment is if we invested as much in solar as we did for
           | nuclear we'd be 30 years ahead. Trollish because it upsets
           | people with an emotional attachment to nuclear. But it's also
           | flat out true. The technology was rapidly developed in the
           | 50's and 60's but no one spent the money to mass manufacture
           | them until early 2000's.
        
         | aetherson wrote:
         | This is really divorced from reality. There was just no way at
         | all that electric cars would've been viable in the 20th
         | Century. No, we wouldn't magically have developed modern
         | computer-controlled battery packs of lithium ion batteries in
         | 1920 if we just wanted it hard enough.
        
           | resoluteteeth wrote:
           | I'm sure the performance wouldn't have been comparable to
           | modern electric cars, but what if car companies in 1920 had
           | focused on producing electric cars that had a shorter range
           | with a lower top speed?
           | 
           | It's not like people were commuting 60 miles each way on
           | highways in 1920, and I doubt model t's were actually
           | normally hitting their theoretical top speed anyway.
        
           | JesseObrien wrote:
           | >No, we wouldn't magically have developed modern computer-
           | controlled battery packs of lithium ion batteries in 1920 if
           | we just wanted it hard enough.
           | 
           | That's not what the commenter said. Don't put your
           | interpretation of the words into theirs.
           | 
           | It is very feasible that the investment of 100-some-odd years
           | of battery research and a marked non-future invested as
           | deeply into oil and gas as we have now would have rendered
           | our entire world vastly different. This is not a claim that
           | the future would have happened sooner, but rather the events
           | that unfolded and the research would have been different.
        
             | Wytwwww wrote:
             | But it's not something that happened at random. ICE was
             | just an objectively superior option back then.
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | I recall reading somewhere that the ICE took off because there
         | were quite a lot of low hanging fruits and a path with less
         | resistance, thus it let faster progress towards the desirable
         | properties of a car.
         | 
         | For example, it's way easier to move around a can of fuel
         | rather than being limited to an electric grid in a time when
         | electricity and proper roads were not ubiquitous yet. I imagine
         | it would have been too limiting to need to bring the car
         | somewhere specific to re-charge when you are still trying to
         | figure out what this automobile thing is good for. Is it good
         | at the farm for example? Can't tell with the electric car if
         | you don't have electricity at the farm.
        
           | theodric wrote:
           | Furthermore, it's a lot easier to carry an equivalent amount
           | of energy in petrochemical form vs the primitive lead-acid
           | batteries of the day, long before hyper-optimized computer
           | controlled motors were available to wring every last
           | milliwatthour of efficiency out of them. And now increase
           | distances and therefore desirable speeds corresponding with
           | the growth of population, and it becomes more and more
           | impractical to use electricity for personal transport in the
           | years after 1912.
           | 
           | I think viable electric cars landed about when they became
           | practicable. Lead-acid absolutely shits the bed rapidly if
           | discharged below _FIFTY_ percent SoC, so take your kWh rating
           | and cut it in half straight away. And remember that you 're
           | carrying around a ton of wet lead to achieve that. Not great.
           | NiCd is crap, NiMH is better but not overwhelmingly so, and
           | lead-acid can deliver a lot more current. Li-ion, then?
           | Remember how rubbish laptop battery max charge cycle
           | lifetimes were in 1999? The battery lasts maybe a year of
           | regular use, and then it's shot and the laptop runs for 30
           | seconds and powers off. And it costs $300 to replace. Now
           | make it 200x the size and put it in a car you use for your
           | daily commute and get ready to spend BMW money annually on
           | new Li-ion. The improvements in battery tech in just the last
           | 15 years are really something to behold, and not
           | coincidentally that's when Tesla was able to start shipping
           | compelling vehicles.
           | 
           | Now somebody tell me why I'm wrong ;-)
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | > Now somebody tell me why I'm wrong ;-)
             | 
             | If you insist: electric motors have always been _far_ more
             | efficient than their ICE counterparts. 80% is easy, 90% is
             | doable. 95% and up requires more tricks and even regular
             | EVs don 't bother because they might as well use some of
             | that waste heat to heat the pack or the interior of the
             | vehicle.
        
               | theodric wrote:
               | The efficiency is undeniable, but it couldn't make up for
               | the awful battery technology and absurd drag coefficient
               | of a garden-shed-on-wheels car from the 1910s.
               | Streamliners and aerodynamics matured a little later.
               | 
               | It's a pity we didn't go for Otto-electric hybrid drive
               | cars like the EMD locomotives that have been running
               | since before I was a going concern. The genset runs at
               | its optimal RPM for power delivery and fuel consumption,
               | with rapid refuelling and the massive range benefits of
               | liquid fuel while the electric motors deliver a wall of
               | torque and minimal driveline losses all the time. Dump it
               | into a battery (or a flywheel KERS, whynot) to smooth out
               | the peaks and valleys if you're feeling fancy. I am
               | nearly certain that we had all that tech in 1912 - it's
               | completely analog and self-regulating! - but it probably
               | didn't pay for itself back in the days before they'd
               | invented things like the environment and non-unlimited
               | supplies of crude. Bummer.
               | 
               | I still want to build an EMD lawnmower.
        
               | actionfromafar wrote:
               | Streamlined isn't a concern below 30 mph or so.
        
               | theodric wrote:
               | And 30mph is fine if you're not going very far, but
               | that's not what people wanted, and their wants dictated
               | what technology succeeded at the time. Even a Model T
               | could do about 50 MPH, not that you'd want to, and not
               | that you'd be able to stop in time if anything bad
               | happened, but it did it and delivered 20 MPG in the
               | 1910s.
        
               | Brian_K_White wrote:
               | This does not make him wrong. It's barely even relevant
               | because even with that difference, even with todays
               | batteries and motors, it still doesn't hold a candle to
               | the utility of ice. Let alone then. I'm not saying I like
               | it or hate the idea of evs, but the facts are the facts.
        
               | Geisterde wrote:
               | Its a little overambitious to compare electrical
               | efficiency and heat cycle efficiency. Electrical
               | efficiency says nothing about how that energy was
               | generated; if it was generated in coal, gas turbine,
               | nuclear etc then you simply cant exceed carnot efficiency
               | (solar is far less efficient than that for how much
               | energy hits the panel); it also doesnt say anything about
               | the extractable specific energy, which far favors ICE
               | vehicles, efficiency be damned, ice will run longer on a
               | fixed weight of fuel than an EV will on the same weight
               | battery.
               | 
               | EVs in my experience have been a step change in car tech.
               | Having a battery as a starting point rather than an
               | alternator opens so many doors, from just having a stable
               | grid to run devices on, the real time AI video
               | processing, to the ability to play modern games on the
               | cars hardware. The designs are far more simple than ICE,
               | take the steering wheel off a tesla vs an ICE and you can
               | get a peak at just how far behind ICE is in relying on
               | complicated and expensive implementations of basic
               | functions.
               | 
               | I just don't like these comparisons regarding efficiency,
               | we arent really making a fair comparison; if we did EVs
               | would probably lose considering the energy source and
               | transmission losses, and it still would be a useless
               | metric because thats not what anyone (sane minded) has
               | ever bought a car for. All I care about is that the cost
               | of ownership makes sense; the fact that the total
               | efficiency of my own setup, where solar charges my car,
               | is probably <25%, does not concern me.
        
             | actionfromafar wrote:
             | With a mature grid and better long distance (electric of
             | course!) rail, electric cars and busses could have been the
             | last mile instead of _all_ the miles. During the War it was
             | not uncommon for cars and busses to carry a little wagon
             | for syngas generation. Imagine that, but with a system of
             | battery wagons.
        
           | saalweachter wrote:
           | I've always felt like farms should be able to have another
           | route to electrification, because you're dealing with the
           | same set of fields in a constrained geography for years at a
           | time.
           | 
           | Like, why go battery-heavy at all? Why not design some sort
           | of EVA-like tether to a utility pole in each set of fields?
           | Hook up your equipment when you enter the fields, spend 8-12
           | hours driving back and forth attached to the tether, unhook
           | and use a small battery -- or even a battery-trailer -- to
           | reach the next field or the barn at the end of the day.
           | 
           | Obviously there are problems with this scheme, but the point
           | I'm getting at is that field work is such a radically
           | different set of constraints to interstate, city or even rail
           | networks that it feels like there should be a different set
           | of solutions possible.
        
             | mrtksn wrote:
             | That sounds quite logical, and almost like there must be
             | some equipment working that way.
        
               | theodric wrote:
               | There's a tethered electric ferry, anyway
               | https://youtu.be/xhwZ-XFKJKk
        
               | Aardwolf wrote:
               | Not a farm example, but trolley buses do this in cities
               | 
               | Apparently there was one in 1882: https://en.wikipedia.or
               | g/wiki/File:First_Trolleybuss_of_Siem...
        
             | theodric wrote:
             | I think it would be tricky and would create more purpose-
             | specific equipment to buy. Fields are big, like sometimes
             | really big, definitionally remote, and electrical
             | transmission losses are real at "normal" voltages with
             | fieldscale lengths. And crucially, the weight of batteries
             | is actually a benefit for a tractor: the heavier you are,
             | the more you can pull and cantilever. Without them, you'll
             | still be dragging around 5000 pounds of steel ballast to
             | hit a useful weight on your tethered tractor. Batteries can
             | also serve as remote power banks (electric PTO) miles from
             | any electrical supply, just as regular PTO driven tools use
             | the mechanical energy from the engine to do other work
             | besides toodling and pulling anywhere on the farm.
             | 
             | I mean, I'm open to it. Batteries are expensive-- most of
             | the cost of a tractor conversion. Go build a prototype that
             | competes on cost and I'll cheer from the sidelines and
             | maybe buy one if I can afford it.
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | It might have resulted in a better world, less oil consumption
         | and all that. But who knows? I wouldn't be surprised if the
         | solution they came up with was to just use some slow charging
         | tech and swap them at the battery-station. Hand over your spent
         | battery to the local attendant, he'll either bring it in and
         | pay some recycling fee or chuck it in a nearby creek for free.
        
           | Wytwwww wrote:
           | > It might have resulted in a better world, less oil
           | consumption and all that.
           | 
           | Considering pretty much all power back then was produced by
           | burning coal and that lead acid batteries are not exactly
           | environmentally friendly it's not that obvious.
        
           | bear141 wrote:
           | This is the tech that most Asian motorcycle manufacturers
           | have recently agreed upon for interchangeable batteries
           | without charging wait times.
        
         | PKop wrote:
         | Any nation pursuing this would have been dominated
         | geopolitically, militarily, and economically by those that just
         | took advantage of cheaper and more productive use of combustion
         | engines.
        
           | HPsquared wrote:
           | Yep.. It's game theory, always has been.
        
         | ajross wrote:
         | > battery technology would have progressed far more
         | 
         | Seems unlikely. The core innovation behind lithium cells is
         | polymer chemistry that didn't exist until the 80's. There might
         | have been a market to drive adoption, but it still needs to
         | wait for the science.
        
         | cornholio wrote:
         | > battery technology would have progressed far more had the
         | electric car been chosen
         | 
         | This seems unlikely. There were major industrial and military
         | uses for rechargeable batteries throughout the 20th century.
         | Things like submarines, portable electronics, stationary
         | fallback for critical services (phone exchanges) etc., all
         | added up to a substantial economic interest in battery
         | technology.
         | 
         | The Nikel-Cadmium chemistry was known since 1899, but the
         | materials and production process were considered too expensive
         | to make them practical until mid 20th century. Advanced
         | processing such as powder sintering to increase area were
         | simply unknown at the time when the ICE vs EV competition was
         | in play. By the 1920s, the ICE and petrol fueled cars were
         | capable of ranges and fuel economies we can barely reach even
         | today with Lithium batteries, a technology that became possible
         | only in the 70s, taking advantage of substantial lateral
         | progress in material and chemical science.
         | 
         | A hypothetical world of electric vehicles would have spurred
         | battery sales and investment by an order of magnitude or so,
         | but the actual effects in hastening productization of high
         | density cells would have probably been marginal and below what
         | was required to win against the ICE, disproving the hypothesis.
         | You can see this diminishing return of research at work today
         | where, despite the order of magnitude increase in the battery
         | market, progress is very still sluggish, pitted against hard,
         | physical limits.
        
           | actionfromafar wrote:
           | True, but it's easy to imagine (to me!) an alternative past
           | with battery replacement chariots etc.
        
         | duck wrote:
         | Most homes didn't have electricity at that time and wouldn't
         | have it until the early 1930s.
        
         | aamoyg wrote:
         | What about steam? Especially with Doble fast steam boilers?
        
         | chaostheory wrote:
         | $1.5 million in 1914 is about $48 million dollars today
        
         | rkagerer wrote:
         | If you like "what ifs" like this, you might enjoy For All
         | Mankind which is a fictional show about an alternate history
         | where the space race continued after Soviets beat the US to the
         | moon.
        
         | thsksbd wrote:
         | No. Gasoline cars have the advantage of not having to carry
         | their own oxidizer. Even today, EVs make no sense at all
         | compared to hybrids from a CO2 emissions stand point.
         | 
         | Not only that, but the fundamentals of the thermo involved in
         | ICEs were understood way before the electrochemistry thermo
         | which lags thermal thermo by 50 to 100 years. Thats the theory;
         | on the practical engineering side, by the time Goodenough was
         | born in 1923, Sir Ricardo had figured everything we need to
         | know about ICEs. Goodenough was working with late 20th (early
         | 21st!!) century technology, Ricardo with turn of the 20th
         | century tech.
        
         | nojvek wrote:
         | From perspective of electric cars, the efficiency compared to
         | ICE (combustion engine) cars is fantastic. 90%+ energy is used
         | to move the car with electric motors, while only 30% is used in
         | combustion engine, rest is losses in heat and friction.
         | 
         | Modern electric cars can now also use regenerative braking
         | which means brakes last a long time.
         | 
         | The biggest downside of electric cars currently is the
         | batteries. They 100x less gravimetric dense than
         | gasoline/petrol.
         | 
         | Gasoline has volumetric density of 34.2 MJ/L and gravimetric
         | density of 45 MJ/kg. Cost about ~$1/L. A 50L tank has same
         | energy as ~450 kWh battery weighing only ~40kg.
         | 
         | Lithium ion batteries have volumetric density of ~1 MJ/L and
         | gravimetric of 0.5 MJ/kg. A 450 kWh battery would weigh 3,240kg
         | (3 tonnes!).
         | 
         | We are gonna be addicted to gasoline for a while until we solve
         | for an equivalent clean energy dense fuel that can be
         | efficiently converted to electricity.
         | 
         | --
         | 
         | In similar perspective, solar panels are now quite cheap
         | (<$1/watt). The big problem is energy storage. Lithium
         | batteries are still quite expensive, bulky and not much energy
         | dense.
         | 
         | Nature on the other hand has solved this problem millions of
         | years ago. Natural solar panels (leaves) store energy in wood
         | (mostly cellulose).
         | 
         | Dry wood is ~20 MJ/kg and ~10MJ/L. Still >10X more dense than
         | Li-ion batteries.
         | 
         | --
         | 
         | Long range electric cars use most of the energy to move the
         | heavy battery instead of the payload inside the car.
         | 
         | Humans don't weigh much (~70kg). A tesla model Y has (~770kg)
         | battery. That's 10X the weight of payload.
        
           | Brian_K_White wrote:
           | Not to mention refill time.
           | 
           | Not to mention safety.
        
             | DFHippie wrote:
             | According to this IEEE article, ICE fires are a greater
             | danger than EV battery fires.
             | 
             | https://spectrum.ieee.org/lithium-ion-battery-fires
             | 
             | Recharge time is not the problem as much as recharge
             | frequency. I can go on long trips with my Tesla. I don't
             | mind the recharge time -- it's a good chance to get a cup
             | of coffee or take a bio break -- but their frequency is a
             | little irksome (if you're being cautious to protect the
             | battery life). But then, generally I'm traveling with at
             | least one person who needs bio breaks pretty frequently, so
             | it works out fine.
        
           | boznz wrote:
           | As Tesla 3 owner with a $4000 bill for a scrape under the
           | passenger door at 1MPH navigating a tight carpark I will tell
           | you there are definitely a few more things they need to get
           | right.
        
         | insecureforever wrote:
         | The crux of the issue is missing on this entire conversation.
         | The role of women, or perceived womanly roles, as this post
         | shows, needs to take into consideration the plight of women
         | during those times. Women's suffrage and the result of which we
         | see in our current times is probably more an influence on the
         | entire chain of thought here, in regards to the incredible
         | advancement we see in gender roles we see now. The range and
         | effectiveness of these vehicles, so desperately described as
         | 'consistently improving with technology', misses the point
         | entirely.
         | 
         | So despite the current state of modern transportation/
         | technological advancement, we can now all see what apparently
         | matters most to a (now) seemingly useless generation of
         | educated 'opinionated specialists' pitifully beholden to their
         | investors or large banks (this means you Tesla!), the reality
         | of actual utility (such as farm use or manufacturing) can be
         | seen on a grander scale, eg. A mass grid of indentured servants
         | working a non-optimized routine for decades (might have
         | overestimated their capabilities in that sense) vs customized
         | electric tools (think handheld farming, perhaps each attached
         | with it's own horn - not necessarily loud or aggressive but
         | like those you see on clown cars), would they have eventually
         | revolted against the machines/electric tools taking their
         | place? Like the farm equipment of the past, obviously not the
         | current capable tech we have to read about daily (for lack of
         | better offerings), those indentured workers would likely be
         | seen as no different to said farm equipment of the past.
         | 
         | Their only outlet to vent their frustrations at their inabilty
         | to escape their milieu wouldnt amount to much more than dainty
         | gossip, or to take a term from reddit 'circle jerks' (probably
         | with not much to jerk about), but perpetually useless against
         | effecting any actual change to their plight, espousing their
         | views as best they could. So at least some technical know-how
         | would give them a voice!
         | 
         | Workers rights have advanced leagues upon leagues in the past
         | century.
         | 
         | We can only learn from the past and apply those competitive
         | (capitalistic!) tendencies and methodology to building better
         | tech and actively avoid the same pitifalls.
        
       | layer8 wrote:
       | And they drove 1000 miles with it in 1910:
       | https://sweetbeacon.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/edison-elect...
        
       | SushiHippie wrote:
       | For others that also don't know what a rectifier is:
       | 
       | > A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating
       | current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct
       | current (DC), which flows in only one direction. The reverse
       | operation (converting DC to AC) is performed by an inverter.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectifier
        
       | anovikov wrote:
       | Only reason why electric cars existed back then is because gas
       | engine had to be hand-cranked before electric starter was
       | invented in 1911. People hated doing it because it was dangerous
       | and dirty. Especially women.
       | 
       | As soon as electric starter became a thing, electric cars were
       | dead. Their usage continued only with delivery vans for some time
       | as gas engines were still unreliable and for delivery fleets,
       | dispatch reliability was very important.
        
       | notatoad wrote:
       | pre-emptive mirror, because the site seems like maybe it's not
       | going to handle much more of HN's traffic:
       | https://imgur.com/c7uQbFr
        
       | bunabhucan wrote:
       | This is part of a whole series:
       | 
       | https://artsandculture.google.com/story/ge-and-the-electric-...
        
       | paulsutter wrote:
       | What are we overlooking today that will be obviously a bad
       | decision 100 years from now?
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | The obvious answers are things like plastics, but we can
         | already kind of tell those are bad.
         | 
         | I dunno, actually, it is hard to say because we tend to be a
         | little pessimistic nowadays, I don't think we overlook much, it
         | is just that there's an all encompassing feeling that every
         | choice has negative outcomes and we have to pick one. Maybe
         | that's the thing we're overlooking, cynicism disguised as
         | skepticism resulting in total paralysis.
        
         | berkes wrote:
         | I'd say we are overlooking the willingness of humans to change,
         | have less, or reduce their impact.
         | 
         | I'm pessimistic, but I doubt the human race can bring up the
         | sacrifices needed to save itself from slow (or fast)
         | annihilation.
         | 
         | We have the tech, the knowledge, the urgency and the funds to
         | change. I'm convinced all that's holding us back from actually
         | fixing stuff is social.
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | My guess will be under investment in nuclear energy... I just
         | don't believe in global grids and scaling of storage.
        
         | porkbeer wrote:
         | Drinking water and sewage water treatment, and its
         | ineffectualness when difficult to filter chemicals become
         | concentrated.
        
         | Wytwwww wrote:
         | But it wasn't a bad decision. Unless we believe that investing
         | ICE or steam engines was a bad decision. Based on technology
         | available at the time electric batter powered cars were a dead
         | end. The market was just too small to justify the massive
         | investment required to make them competitive with ICEs.
        
       | freetonik wrote:
       | There is an interesting documentary about the stalled evolution
       | of electric vehicles: Who Killed the Electric Car? [1] AFAIK,
       | there is nowhere to stream it (at least in Europe), but you can
       | rent or buy it online.
       | 
       | It's tempting to blame the industry, and endeavor into conspiracy
       | theories, but even without doing so, it is baffling how modern
       | charging infrastructure and policies (again, at least in Europe)
       | are not progressing very well. Apart from the Tesla supercharger
       | network, all other charger networks still require you to have a
       | dozen accounts, different payment methods, sometimes mandatory
       | "balance" accounts, RFID tags, etc.
       | 
       | 1. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0489037/
        
       | dreamcompiler wrote:
       | One thing about these early electric cars that gets overlooked is
       | how primitive their motors were.
       | 
       | Yes, induction motors existed then because Nikola Tesla had
       | invented them, but they couldn't be used in a car because they
       | required AC. So cars were stuck with brushed DC motors. Those
       | work but they're not maximally efficient and the brushes
       | eventually wear out and need to be replaced.
       | 
       | Today we use efficient induction and brushless DC motors in cars,
       | and those are only possible because we have cheap power
       | electronics that can chop up a DC voltage into an AC waveform of
       | arbitrary complexity with fine precision. Power electronics
       | didn't exist until the 1960s, and they only got cheap in the
       | 1990s.
        
         | brcmthrowaway wrote:
         | Who invented the field of power electronics?
        
           | sbierwagen wrote:
           | Julius Edgar Lilienfeld, the guy who invented the
           | electrolytic capacitor, also patented the field-effect
           | transistor in 1930. But he never made one, material science
           | just wasn't there yet. (This is why the Nobel for "inventing
           | the transistor" went to a completely different team who were
           | using a different method 17 years later) Power electronics
           | requires the whole suite of semiconductor technology:
           | atomically pure silicon crystals, dopants, vacuum coating,
           | lithography, etc. First VFD motor controller wasn't until
           | 1982.
           | 
           | The technology wasn't even remotely ready yet in 1912.
           | Remember, the GM EV1 of 1996, with VFD drive and NiMH
           | batteries that didn't exist and couldn't exist in 1912, still
           | only managed a hundred miles of range. Despite the conspiracy
           | theories, the EV1 wasn't a very compelling car. It required
           | better batteries and motors to get something like a Tesla a
           | decade later.
        
       | bhickey wrote:
       | > This digital image may be used for educational uses. Please
       | cite as miSci - Museum of Innovation and Science. Prior written
       | permission is required for any other use of the images from
       | miSci.
       | 
       | Glad to see copyfraud alive and well on Public Domain Day.
        
       | Gravityloss wrote:
       | There were solar panels in 1800s already
       | https://www.smithsonianmag.com/sponsored/brief-history-solar....
       | 
       | Apparently the inventor had tried to make a solar thermal
       | generator but noticed a direct voltage being produced.
        
       | legitster wrote:
       | I've had the pleasure of riding in a Baker Electric Car. Very
       | cool - one of my favorite antiques I've ever ridden in.
       | 
       | It's worth pointing out that the early electric cars were almost
       | exclusively sold to women. Early cars were messy and dangerous,
       | and a safe easy-to-operate car was often bought by the wealthy to
       | give to their wives. It ended up being the advent of the electric
       | starter that killed the early electric cars more than anything.
       | (Breaking your thumb hand cranking a car was a very common
       | occurrence previously).
        
       | robertkeizer wrote:
       | https://solar.lowtechmagazine.com/tags/electric-cars/
        
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