[HN Gopher] A 1690s Peanut is Reborn
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       A 1690s Peanut is Reborn
        
       Author : mooreds
       Score  : 136 points
       Date   : 2023-12-31 11:28 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (nationalpeanutboard.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (nationalpeanutboard.org)
        
       | RetroTechie wrote:
       | _"The Carolina African peanut is so tiny that when it runs
       | through a shelling machine, only about 70% will make it into a
       | pile of good seed, then the sheller has to throw the rest out,"
       | Ward said._
       | 
       | (in this case the remainder isn't thrown out, but hand shelled).
       | 
       | Obviously that shelling machine is designed to process bigger
       | peanuts. Would it be difficult to re-design it (or make
       | adaptable) to handle smaller ones?
       | 
       | That would seem inevitable if this peanut becomes more popular.
       | Hand shelling 30% of a peanut harvest, in 2024? Come on...
        
         | tudorw wrote:
         | In the UK I quite often see peanuts sold in shells, I am sure
         | there would be a market for these in our artisanal markets,
         | people crave novelty!
        
           | msrenee wrote:
           | We get them in shells in the US as well. I'd definitely be
           | interested in buying these still in the shell.
        
         | joshspankit wrote:
         | > Would it be difficult to re-design it
         | 
         | The knee-jerk reaction is to say "no, just make all the parts
         | smaller.", but at some point the peanut and the shell are the
         | same weight and fragments of shell are the same dimensions as a
         | single peanut. Throw in variation on both sides and it becomes
         | a difficult problem most likely requiring a good optical
         | recognition system.
        
         | mkoubaa wrote:
         | If there's a buyer for the tech, someone will invent it
        
       | paganel wrote:
       | Thought I was on the rs sub for a minute, this forum does indeed
       | need a feel-good mascot like Peanut there is.
        
         | tomrod wrote:
         | What is the rs sub?
        
           | kalbadia wrote:
           | I guess it's the RuneScape subreddit ? for some reasons it
           | seems that Jaggex, the RS parent company have partenered with
           | a third-party company, Peanuts, that sells things to players.
           | And it's quite controversial.
        
           | paganel wrote:
           | This [1]. There were a few HN readers there, so, yeah.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.reddit.com/gallery/15skh75
        
       | wil421 wrote:
       | Peanuts are quite unique in many respects. They peg the soil
       | after flowing above ground. The peg shoots down into the soil and
       | forms the peanut.
       | 
       | They are nitrogen fixing like most legumes. There are small
       | nodules their roots that harbor nitrogen producing organisms.
       | 
       | A few people in my community garden have grown a few smaller
       | plants. I prefer planting snow peas early to give my summer
       | plants a nitrogen boost.
        
       | helsinkiandrew wrote:
       | $3.95 for 25 Seeds: https://sowtrueseed.com/collections/direct-
       | seed-in-spring/pr...
        
         | exhilaration wrote:
         | Can peanuts grow pretty much anywhere in the U.S.? I'm sure a
         | lot of us here have grown "easy" plants like tomatoes, are
         | peanuts... easy?
        
           | bjorn2run wrote:
           | That link says no to anywhere, looks like USDA zone 7 is the
           | minimum for outdoor growing:
           | 
           | Peanuts have a long growing season and require 100 to 130
           | depending on the variety of frost-free days to reach
           | maturity. USDA Zone 7 and above should plan on starting seeds
           | for peanuts indoors 4-5 weeks before the last anticipated
           | frost date. Zones 8 and above can start inside to get a head
           | start, or sow directly into your garden beds after your last
           | frost date.
        
           | pvaldes wrote:
           | I assume that this is the direct son of another post a few
           | days ago.
           | 
           | > Can peanuts grow pretty much anywhere in the U.S.?
           | 
           | desert plants, so most probably not in snow or frost areas
           | 
           | They are much better than strawberries for CA at least, but
           | the winning strategy with water if you are a small farmer is
           | not reducing its consume. This would benefit mainly your
           | competitor companies that can use more water and push you off
           | of the road at mid term. Is similar to the problem of not
           | using a big server after having spent solid money building
           | it. You are not saving money or energy, really, and your part
           | of the cake is just reduced
           | 
           | Either everybody saves water at the same time, or is just big
           | fishes trying to convince the small ones to surrender part of
           | its quote so there are more resources for them
        
           | hansvm wrote:
           | If you're not a bit selective with your technique, region, or
           | breed, tomatoes aren't de facto easy. Any winter I'm not
           | careful enough I lose mine. Other people struggle in dry
           | summers, wet summers, or other adverse conditions.
           | 
           | Peanuts are IMO similar. They require warm nights and a long
           | growing season, so any northern or moutainous area will need
           | _some_ extra considerations and can't rely on cold-weather
           | breeds to paper over the problem. You might want a much
           | longer stint indoors than other plants before tossing them in
           | your garden. Like tomatoes, they're not crazy about excess
           | moisture (and where tomatoes just die when they get fungal
           | infections, there's a wide range of conditions where peanuts
           | will still produce but the produce will be toxic). Otherwise
           | they're pretty easy.
        
       | mooreds wrote:
       | I first heard about these when reading this book, Endangered
       | Eating: https://wwnorton.com/books/9781324004660
       | 
       | If you would like to learn more about various foods on the edge
       | of existence, check it out (no affiliation, just a happy reader).
        
       | op00to wrote:
       | Man I want these peanuts now!
        
       | causality0 wrote:
       | _Brought to the port of Charleston in 1690 by African slaves, the
       | re-emerged Carolina African Runner peanut is known as the first
       | peanut planted in the American colonies._
       | 
       | Fascinating that a plant native to and very widely cultivated in
       | South America made it to the American colonies by way of Africa.
       | Were they not grown by indigenous peoples in the North?
        
         | mytailorisrich wrote:
         | According to Wikipedia it was available all the way North to at
         | least Mexico since apparently that's where Europeans (Spanish
         | conquistadors) encountered it.
        
           | xhkkffbf wrote:
           | One opinion is that it originated in either Brazil or Peru.
           | Maybe the plants made it to Africa after the Europeans
           | discovered America. Maybe they got to Africa by some other
           | path.
           | 
           | https://www.aboutpeanuts.com/all-about-peanuts/origin-
           | histor...
        
       | doctorhandshake wrote:
       | There are a few stories like this related to revival of the
       | Carolina Rice Kitchen heritage cuisine in the book The Third
       | Plate by chef Dan Barber of Blue Hill at Stone Barns. Anson Mills
       | [1] in particular come to mind in regard to the revival effort -
       | they're growing and selling Carolina Gold Rice, Graham Flour,
       | Bennie seeds, etc, and I would not be surprised if they get
       | involved in this peanut project as well.
       | 
       | 1 - https://ansonmills.com/what_we_do_pages
        
         | 7thaccount wrote:
         | I've bought the rice based on someone touting it on HN. It is
         | good.
        
           | bullfightonmars wrote:
           | I did too! Two years ago there was an article about Carolina
           | Gold and I ordered from Anson Mills. I really enjoyed the
           | aged/laurel brown rice. It has a deep fragrant flavor, great
           | texture and was very good in baked rice dishes.
        
             | 7thaccount wrote:
             | Good to hear I wasn't the only one lol. I found the
             | Carolina Gold to be extremely rich? It's hard to describe
             | high quality rice other than it stood out to me and I'm a
             | Louisiana man who has eaten a fair share of rice.
        
           | doctorhandshake wrote:
           | Perhaps it had been built up by Third Plate and also the
           | expectation that comes with Anson's rather fussy recommended
           | preparation but I failed to have my doors blown off by it.
           | With that said, I regularly buy in bulk Anson's rice waffle
           | mix (incredible), graham flour (for biscuits), and oats (the
           | best oatmeal).
        
         | doctorhandshake wrote:
         | Ugh autocorrect - 'benne' seeds (sesame)
        
       | orenlindsey wrote:
       | Probably due to selecting for bigger peanuts, they've lost the
       | flavor they used to have. I hope I can try these someday.
        
         | dashtiarian wrote:
         | If you like smaller peanuts, find an Iranian trail mix shop and
         | ask for 'tiny peanuts from Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh'. They've been
         | selected for small size and taste.
        
           | earthling8118 wrote:
           | What kind of place do you live where you can find a shop with
           | such a niche on top of a niche? A trail mix shop doesn't
           | exist in my city, let alone an Iranian one.
        
             | flymasterv wrote:
             | Maybe try Gorp of Persia, down in the granola district?
        
         | mantas wrote:
         | Probably yes. I got hold of some historical apple varieties.
         | Historical as in 19th century. They're good. Not as sweet as
         | many today's apples, but the taste is nice IMO.
        
         | raincom wrote:
         | Indian grocery stores carry both small peanuts (Indian variety)
         | and large peanuts (American variety). 4 lbs small peanuts cost
         | about $5.99; 4 lbs large ones cost about $6.99
        
       | Solvency wrote:
       | So would this 1960s peanut be more or less deadly to 2023 people
       | with peanut allergies?
        
         | PcChip wrote:
         | 1690s, and I would assume so
        
           | Solvency wrote:
           | Assume more...or less...
        
         | ksherlock wrote:
         | There are 5 peanut proteins (Ara 1 1/2/3/5/8) that are
         | associated with peanut allergies, with Ara h 1 being the most
         | common (~90% of people with peanut allergies are allergic to h
         | 1).
         | 
         | This study --
         | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1034/j.1398-9995....
         | 
         | "Quantification of major peanut allergens Ara h 1 and Ara h 2
         | in the peanut varieties Runner, Spanish, Virginia, and
         | Valencia, bred in different parts of the world"
         | 
         | concluded:
         | 
         | "The results suggest that peanuts of different varieties, and
         | from different parts of the world contain similar proteins,
         | including Ara h 1 and Ara h 2. Consequently, the IgE-binding
         | properties are similar to a great extent. This indicates that
         | differences in the serology of peanut allergy may not originate
         | from differences in the allergen composition of the peanut."
         | 
         | So probably no difference with 1690s either.
        
       | ipcress_file wrote:
       | I'd like to try one, but I'd limit my expectations.
       | 
       | My wife and I stumbled upon a local group selling heirloom tomato
       | plants a couple of years ago. We grew a few and soon realized why
       | they became heirlooms. The nicest thing that can be said is that
       | they must be an acquired taste.
        
         | chubot wrote:
         | Heirlooms are less consistent for sure. They can be more
         | sensitive to their growing conditions too.
         | 
         | But IMO commodity tomatoes are some of the "easiest" things to
         | improve upon. Regular supermarket tomatoes are often
         | flavorless, the farmer's market tomatoes are often better (e.g.
         | in California)
         | 
         | So heirlooms have higher highs and lower lows
         | 
         | IMO commodity tomatoes are consistent, but consistently "meh"
         | ...
        
           | ipcress_file wrote:
           | My experience is that contemporary varieties of tomatoes
           | grown at home are much better than those grown by the big
           | producers. I'm not sure why, but our tomatoes are always red
           | all the way through. The ones from the store are often whiter
           | and coarse-grained inside. Actually, the same thing happens
           | with strawberries.
        
             | Texasian wrote:
             | The tomatoes and strawberries you grow at home don't need
             | to hold up to long distance shipping. Not to mention, the
             | mass market fruits and veg don't have somebody personally
             | motivated by getting something at the peak of ripeness.
             | 
             | Like most things, it's a different set of priorities and
             | incentives that drive different results.
        
             | JoeAltmaier wrote:
             | Conventional wisdom says they've been bred for resiliency,
             | predictable ripening, long lasting. Not flavor.
             | 
             | One clue is, the gene that ripens tomatoes is also the one
             | that causes the skin to split. So the seeds get spread. But
             | not useful for commercial use, as split tomatoes are
             | worthless to sell. So they use varieties that don't express
             | that gene. So they don't ripen much. So they are tasteless,
             | no matter how long on the vine.
             | 
             | Definitely grow your own, if you care about tomatoes at all
             | and have the room@!
        
               | throwup238 wrote:
               | It's not just conventional wisdom, there have been
               | genetic studies:
               | https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1222218
               | 
               | A mutation of the SlGLK2 gene results in significantly
               | less sugar in the fruit while slowing down ripening for
               | transport.
        
             | buildsjets wrote:
             | Commercially grown tomatoes are harvested while they are
             | hard and green, transported and stored in that state,
             | artfically reddened by exposing to them to ethylene in a
             | gas chamber, then presented for sale in the marketplace as
             | "ripe."
             | 
             | Would you like to know how "Not From Concentrate" orange
             | juice is manufactured? It may not be concentrated, but it
             | involves many industrial processes and can be up to a year
             | old when you buy it.
             | 
             | Fake food.
        
               | MostlyStable wrote:
               | I'm someone who very much believes in home grown food
               | whenever possible. I have a very large garden (larger
               | than probably 80%+ of the country could even hope to
               | have, thanks to living in the country) and I grow a very
               | large proportion of all the vegetables I eat. So I'm
               | someone who is sympathetic to your view.
               | 
               | But I can't disagree strongly enough with calling store-
               | bought and/or industrialized food "fake".
               | 
               | It's different. It has different tradeoffs. It's worse in
               | some ways (and better in others), but what it most
               | definitely is _not_ is  "fake".
        
         | salad-tycoon wrote:
         | There isn't one variety of heirloom. There are many.
         | Personally, I like the purple ones. A deeper, smokier flavor.
         | Also pineapple tomatoes are delicious sweet little treats with
         | a subtle pineapple taste. Bakers creek/rare seed has a great
         | catalogue. That said, we've had duds. Only have two growing
         | seasons under my belt.
        
           | ipcress_file wrote:
           | Definitely a fair comment. I didn't mean to imply that I'd
           | attempted to grow all of the heirlooms out there!
        
         | phyzome wrote:
         | They're heirlooms because they worked really, really well for
         | one family in one location for many years. But if you grow them
         | in different conditions, you may get vary different results.
        
       | jackfoxy wrote:
       | What is the take on peanut oil from the _seed oil bad_ crowd?
       | IIRC it is usually missing from both the _good oil_ and the _bad
       | oil_ columns.
        
         | smt88 wrote:
         | I've seen it in the "bad oil" column but never the "good oil"
         | column. Apparently it has good fats, but also bad fats.
         | 
         | I personally use avocado oil for anything that peanut oil would
         | be useful for (like high-temp cooking).
        
         | xeromal wrote:
         | Peanut oil is used pretty extensively in GA, the state, and I
         | tend to love the flavor it imparts. I'm curious how it sits on
         | the healthiness chart. My gut feeling is that it's somewhere
         | above canola but below avocado.
        
       | sowbug wrote:
       | _Flooding and a GPS error greatly reduced the yield..._
       | 
       | That is surprising. How would a GPS error affect crop yield? I
       | know about plant hardiness zones, but that's it.
        
         | SAI_Peregrinus wrote:
         | Probably a GPS-guided tractor went off into the peanut field
         | when it shouldn't have.
        
           | tdrnl wrote:
           | Or a GPS problem could have resulted in misapplication of
           | chemicals -- herbicide sprayed onto desired plants instead of
           | between rows for example
        
           | justinl33 wrote:
           | https://youtu.be/g9Slg2s06hw?si=JqqPjWuC46M_lAhl
        
             | dotancohen wrote:
             | Please don't post memes to HN.
        
       | Kon-Peki wrote:
       | I did some web searching after reading this but didn't find an
       | answer to my questions:
       | 
       | This particular cultivar was brought from Africa to North America
       | and was considered "extinct" once it was no longer planted in
       | North America. But what about Africa? Is it no longer grown in
       | Africa? Why not?
        
         | xhkkffbf wrote:
         | My understanding is that peanuts originated in either Peru or
         | Brazil. At least that's what some claim:
         | 
         | https://www.aboutpeanuts.com/all-about-peanuts/origin-histor...
        
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