[HN Gopher] Wi-Fi 7 Signals the Industry's New Priority: Stability
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Wi-Fi 7 Signals the Industry's New Priority: Stability
        
       Author : CharlesW
       Score  : 39 points
       Date   : 2023-12-29 21:05 UTC (1 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (spectrum.ieee.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (spectrum.ieee.org)
        
       | Firerouge wrote:
       | No mention of roaming, which seems to be the biggest hurdle to
       | stability and reliability.
       | 
       | Transitioning from one station to another, or worse back to call
       | service, seems to consistently causes stability and reliability
       | problems.
       | 
       | Worse still, the ability to spread connections across multiple
       | spectrums is likely to make the roaming problem worse. 6Ghz will
       | usually drop before 5Ghz, and that before 2.4Ghz, which has the
       | best wall penetration. How will that impact reliability as people
       | walk through buildings?
        
         | eppp wrote:
         | We are going to end up with an ap with very low power every
         | 400sqft or something the way this is going.
        
           | ipython wrote:
           | That's the preferred deployment strategy anyway (less power,
           | more cells)
        
             | TaylorAlexander wrote:
             | In contrast to the system of wifi access points in
             | apartment buildings, which is more cells AND more power!
        
             | konschubert wrote:
             | Doesn't work for homes.
        
               | Filligree wrote:
               | I don't see why not. That's how I've built mine.
        
               | ikiris wrote:
               | Yeah wifi works better when your ap is shouting from
               | across your property.
        
               | ipython wrote:
               | Absolutely works for homes. Problem is it's more
               | expensive and requires know how- it's not just "plug in
               | router with max power and 52 antennas"
        
             | TheFuzzball wrote:
             | I have a 65sqm apartment with 3 APs, 5GHz set to low power.
             | I'm pretty happy with the performance.
        
         | cryptonector wrote:
         | > Transitioning from one station to another, or worse back to
         | call service
         | 
         | The former is clearly in scope for Wi-Fi protocols. The latter
         | is clearly out of scope for Wi-Fi protocols, as it really
         | involves work at the IP layer (or higher even).
        
           | Faaak wrote:
           | Yeah, this looks to be what Multipath TCP / MPTCP does
        
             | ikiris wrote:
             | How is multipath going to tell radios how to roam between
             | cells?
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | "Back to cell service" --- you probably have radios
               | connected to both wifi and to the cellular network. It's
               | not the same radio.
               | 
               | Then you need to decide what links to send frames over
               | (and how). MPTCP is one approach to this.
        
         | gsich wrote:
         | Roaming is already defined. 802.11k,r,v
        
           | jauntywundrkind wrote:
           | 802.11r at least doesn't work on hostapd with wpa3.
           | Supposedly it's not compatibleb may threads on that. Although
           | there are some counter-examples which I've just found!
           | https://forum.openwrt.org/t/802-11r-wpa3-does-it-
           | work/135041...
           | 
           | It seems like most clients will stay associated with an AP
           | until times are truly truly desperate/signal is near totally
           | hosed. As far as I know, the only open source option to
           | bandhsteering/ap-steering clients is Dawn, which is quite new
           | (relatively speaking). I've been running it on my nighthawk's
           | for a while, and it's... Ok. Clients sometimes ping pong
           | around, or get sent to a suboptimal band or AP. But it's a
           | huge improvement over nothing!
           | https://openwrt.org/docs/guide-user/network/wifi/dawn
        
           | throw0101b wrote:
           | See the following videos from the Wireless LAN Professionals
           | folks:
           | 
           | "IEEE 802 11kvr | Perry Correll | WLPC Phoenix 2019"
           | 
           | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p_K9xHxFM8Y
           | 
           | "Effects of 802.11k/r/v | Andrew McHale | WLPC Prague 2019"
           | 
           | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Ua2lI6HBhE
           | 
           | "The Challenges of Modern Wi-Fi Roaming Including in 6 GHz |
           | Wes Purvis | Prague 2023"
           | 
           | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lAG5jXZCd_8
           | 
           | "Wi-Fi Roaming Revealed"
           | 
           | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ahOnG76HvQ
           | 
           | The Wifi infrastructure needs to send out the appropriate
           | frames (e.g. neighbour reports), and the client has to use
           | them to make reasonable decisions.
        
       | PlutoIsAPlanet wrote:
       | Wi-Fi 6 was a huge let down, bandwidth increases are useless for
       | home users when they require line of sight.
        
         | aendruk wrote:
         | The trick I discovered is to have a 500-sqft home. Wi-Fi 6 has
         | been great!
        
         | ttyyzz wrote:
         | It's true, I still run relatively old Unifi nanoHD APs (3x) and
         | considered their newer U6 Pro AP for my house. However, the
         | small benefits that would result from this are not worth the
         | price to me, especially since everything works great with the
         | older gear. We also don't have that many wifi6 clients in the
         | family yet, so I discarded the idea.
        
           | karlshea wrote:
           | I got a U6 Enterprise the other day, Mac Studio 12 feet away
           | with one partial wall in between tries and stays on 6GHz for
           | awhile but then falls back to 5GHz pretty quickly.
        
         | gosub100 wrote:
         | this, _and_... how many 6 /6e routers _don 't_ try to pressure
         | you into "download our app so you can easily control your
         | outer" (at the cost of privacy)
        
       | LASR wrote:
       | I am always supportive of newer tech. But I am a bit surprised by
       | the evolution of standards for both 5G and WiFi over the last few
       | years. Compared with the adoption of hardwire ethernet standards
       | - which have been seemingly stuck at 1/2.5/10GbE for a while now.
       | 
       | I know there are a ton more benefits of these newer standards,
       | but setting those aside for now, are people really feeling
       | limited by the speed of 4G LTE & WiFi 5?
       | 
       | I have 6 APs in my home running WiFi 5(AC). My devices usually
       | connect between ~800-1300 mbps.
       | 
       | On a few ocassions where I am transferring huge files to / from
       | my NAS, I reach for a ethernet adapter.
       | 
       | It's going to cost a lot to upgrade my network, so I've been
       | debating whether it's actually worth it or just marketing hype.
        
         | imp0cat wrote:
         | The current state of Ethernet in 2023 in consumer devices is
         | quite sad. I mean, most TVs and players (and usually not the
         | cheap ones, yes, I'm looking at you, Sony) come with 10/100
         | Mbit ethernet adapters. I'd expect gigabit to be standard
         | everywhere by now.
        
           | barbazoo wrote:
           | Where the data taye requires it. No point in putting a
           | gigabit adapter in a network speaker. TV, maybe, for 4K and
           | beyond.
        
             | gosub100 wrote:
             | I can see a point in no longer producing 10mb wired chips
             | anymore, just to take the burden off of production. I
             | cannot picture a situation where you cannot upgrade to
             | 100mb, maybe at the cost of a 48-port 100mb switch, which
             | is essentially free these days. at some point it (must)
             | cost more to produce antiquated technology, even if your
             | equipment (say, a peanut butter factory) doesn't need GigE
             | or 100mb bandwidth..
        
           | xxpor wrote:
           | Please explain why there needs to be an upgrade.
           | 
           | There's no business case. Even a full blu-ray 4k rip is only
           | ~60ish Mbit/sec encoded as HEVC. Netflix and co have been
           | pushing streaming bitrates down to sub 10 mbit.
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | 4k uhd blu-ray peak bandwidth is somewhere around 150 mbps.
             | Discs can be encoded in different codecs, but h.265 is
             | common.
             | 
             | Maybe you can buffer it, but a lot of players lack the
             | memory to buffer enough to average out a longer scene with
             | intense encoding (such as the parade with confetti in
             | Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny).
             | 
             | Maybe you can reencode, and AV1 might help a bit, but
             | you're likely going to drop some detail in order to fit in
             | 100 mbps ethernet.
        
               | pseudosavant wrote:
               | The only reason a disc is authored at that bitrate is to
               | make bit perfect Blu-ray rips impracticably large. There
               | is no visual quality reason to be that high. There is a
               | reason Netflix's top quality is a fraction of that
               | bitrate and looks excellent.
        
               | ikiris wrote:
               | The 3 giant blobs of black on the screen disagree
               | strongly.
        
           | pseudosavant wrote:
           | The truth is, you need a fairly powerful client (PC, game
           | console, flagship smart phone) to ever (occasionally) need
           | more than 100mbps Ethernet. There just aren't use cases for
           | that much bandwidth.
           | 
           | HD YouTube is still in the extremely low single digit mbps.
           | Same for TikTok. Netflix 4K HDR with Atmos easily fits within
           | 100mbps. Even 8k streaming will be under 100mbps.
        
           | faeriechangling wrote:
           | These boxes often couldn't decode 200mbit of content if they
           | tried, and realistically AV1 support is more important than
           | if it supports gigabit or not. It's just good economics to
           | use a part that already works fine over one that's
           | overspecced for the use case.
           | 
           | What are you getting out of it? Faster app and update
           | downloads? Those are frills.
        
           | mrandish wrote:
           | I bought the recently released top of the line Fire TV 4k Max
           | (2nd gen) streaming stick on black friday sale and was
           | surprised to discover the external USB port is USB 2.0 speed
           | micro-USB. My fault I guess for not even looking closely
           | before ordering but I assume these days any brand new, top of
           | the line device with a tiny USB port will be USB-C.
           | 
           | Anyway, after disabling the Amazon bloatware and side-loading
           | vanilla android apps, even with a fast USB3-capable ethernet
           | adapter connected to a 1Gbps RJ-45, standard streaming apps
           | wouldn't even stream 4k because the ethernet was too slow. I
           | tested the adapter and connection on my laptop and got
           | >200mbps which is more than sufficient.
           | 
           | So I was forced to use 5Ghz wifi for the stick to stream 4k,
           | thus further clogging up and adding to wifi congestion. BTW,
           | I found the same thing to be true with my other streaming
           | stick, a Google TV, despite it having a USB-C port. It could
           | do 4k streams through an ethernet dongle but it was kind of
           | on the edge enough to not always do 4k dependably. But that
           | device was >18mo old.
           | 
           | Anyway, it's super annoying that these newish devices are
           | making wifi congestion _worse_ by not properly enabling
           | reasonable wired streaming (yes, I know there are lots of no-
           | name Android TV streaming boxes from Shenzen which have USB-C
           | ports with at least USB3.0 support but this new Fire TV stick
           | actually has a pretty performant CPU and is otherwise well-
           | implemented).
        
             | doublepg23 wrote:
             | If you're trying to stream UHD Blu-ray remuxes, you'll have
             | best luck with a Shield TV.
        
         | JoshTriplett wrote:
         | I love the idea of Wifi 7 and I'm looking forward to upgrading
         | from 5/6/6E, for a couple of reasons:
         | 
         | - Yes, I actually do feel limited by the speed of 5 and 6 (not
         | 6E), not least of which because it gets worse with distance.
         | The 6GHz network works _great_ but doesn 't get nearly enough
         | range, and I'd love to supplement that by _simultaneously_
         | talking on 5GHz and 2.4GHz, while using as much 6GHz bandwidth
         | as is getting through from a given location. And I don 't want
         | to have to change which network I'm connected to, or even if
         | it's the same ESSID I don't want my device to have to "switch"
         | networks.
         | 
         | - No more dealing with 2.4GHz vs 5GHz vs 6GHz channels, or
         | worrying which channels are clear, or which devices should be
         | on which frequency. The premise of WiFi 7 seems to be to use
         | all the bandwidth that nothing else is using, while avoiding
         | anything that another device is interfering with. "What channel
         | is your router using?" "Yes."
        
         | faeriechangling wrote:
         | I feel limited by the latency AND bandwidth of wifi.
         | 
         | Latency interferes with use cases like wireless video streaming
         | which is nice for things like Steam Decks or VR. We're not even
         | close to being able to decode even gigabit bitrates using
         | hardware decoders though, so bandwidth isn't important here. A
         | nice coincidence is that Wifi7 coincided with the release of
         | hardware av1 encoders/decoders, so I think we're going to see
         | these SOCs that support both, and I think that's going to
         | marginally improve the viability of computing remotely from the
         | edge (Cloud gaming) or home servers (steam link) and cause
         | those to be used more heavily.
         | 
         | Bandwidth interferes with large sequential file transfers, and
         | WANs are starting to have more bandwidth than wifi, so this is
         | starting to cramp things like large downloads of movie content
         | or .iso's or cloud backups. It also bottlenecks 2.5gbe LANs
         | which are economical given they run on cat5e networks.
         | 
         | I think wifi7 is going to explode as ISPs bundle wifi7 modems
         | with their higher bandwidth plans, so it's going to be pushed
         | because the ISPs need it more than because most customers need
         | it. I only expect certain pros, gamers, and large scale
         | commercial installers to invest in wifi7 themselves.
        
           | klabb3 wrote:
           | To add to that: throughput isn't just about bandwidth, but
           | also latency (BDP) but more importantly (in the case of WiFi)
           | jitter and packet loss.
           | 
           | Even if your WiFi supports 1Gbit most of the time, tcp will
           | throttle back to slow start (IIRC - the linear one) upon
           | packet loss. And time to recovery depends on RTT. When I
           | measure I always get inconsistent results on WiFi, whereas
           | ethernet+fiber is butter smooth.
        
         | afavour wrote:
         | My understanding was that 5G isn't just a speed improvement,
         | it's latency etc as well. But, no, I don't feel limited by my
         | cellphone being on LTE. That being said 5G opens a lot of
         | doors: my home internet connection is 5G now, I pull around
         | 500Mbps with not particularly awful/noticeable latency.
        
         | coolspot wrote:
         | > I have 6 APs in my home running WiFi 5(AC).
         | 
         | How does that work? Are they components of a mesh network
         | bundle? Do they have same SSID? Are they aware of each other?
        
           | LASR wrote:
           | They are all Unifi APs from 2 different upgrade cycles. 3x
           | UnFi AC Pro and 3x Unifi NanoHD.
           | 
           | After I got the newer NanoHDs, I just kept the older AC Pros
           | around for 2.4Ghz devices and exterior coverage.
           | 
           | Same SSID and they are all hooked up the same controller etc,
           | so clients can roam.
        
           | pseudosavant wrote:
           | I have three 5/AC access points in my house. All broadcast
           | the same two SSIDs: 2.4Ghz+5Ghz and 5Ghz only). I have
           | 802.11r Fast Transition enabled in OpenWRT to improve
           | roaming, but have never quantified a benefit. Each AP is set
           | on different channels to minimize overlap.
        
           | davkan wrote:
           | In the enterprise it's a combination of 802.11k 802.11v and
           | 802.11r.[0] All APs have the same ssid, clients initiate
           | transferring between APs in the background based on signal
           | strength, silently re-authenticating to the new ap.
           | 
           | Many (most?) off-the-shelf home wifi mesh systems dont
           | implement 802.11r so you may have a brief interruption during
           | transfer, though it still happens without user input. Some
           | older/embedded devices may have issues connecting with
           | 802.11r enabled networks as well.
           | 
           | Off-the-shelf home mesh systems typically have one mesh node
           | with all the functions and webui of a normal SoHo router, and
           | then other nodes are in AP mode only with either wired or
           | wireless backhaul to the main node. Enterprise setups instead
           | will have a separate controller for the APs. Also typically
           | all APs in an enterprise will be bridged to the same L2
           | networks whereas some home mesh systems will use a separate
           | broadcast domain for each AP.
           | 
           | [0] https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-
           | hardware/drivers/n...
        
         | orev wrote:
         | WiFi is used in places other than homes, and many parts of the
         | newer standards are focused on those situations. Hotels,
         | trains, conference centers, stadiums, offices, apartment
         | buildings, etc. all need to be able to handle large numbers of
         | users. If what you have is working for your case, there's no
         | reason to upgrade.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | > are people really feeling limited by the speed of 4G LTE &
         | WiFi 5?
         | 
         | 4G LTE IMHO, is fine for mobile use, but wouldn't really be
         | enough for a household fixed wireless connection; 5G is much
         | better for that. Occasionaly I run into what seems to be
         | congested towers, and denser encoding should help with that
         | (unless the problem is the backhaul). Of course, additional
         | spectrum allocations is likely the most useful part of 5g,
         | although that didn't have to be tied.
         | 
         | Also IMHO, WiFi 5 is limited by running only on 5 GHz, which
         | doesn't go far enough. I'm holding out for now, but I'm fairly
         | sure I'll have significiantly better experiences with wifi 6
         | than wifi 5/4. Being able to run the newest encoding on 2.4Ghz
         | will be great for me... but I live in the middle of the woods
         | and don't see a lot of outside APs. I'm hoping to find APs that
         | are cheap and let me enhance roaming.
        
       | amluto wrote:
       | > Imagine a wireless factory robot in a situation where a worker
       | suddenly steps in front of it and the robot needs to make an
       | immediate decision.
       | 
       | If there is a factory that allows a worker to step in front of a
       | robot and depends on a wireless communication mechanism for
       | safety, something is very very wrong.
        
         | TaylorAlexander wrote:
         | Yeah that is a horrible example.
        
         | jandrese wrote:
         | I guess it has to call back to the manufacturer's cloud service
         | to see if the factory subscribed to the "avoid crushing people"
         | option.
        
         | jauntywundrkind wrote:
         | Discarding ideas out of hand is easy & cheap. Why do you think
         | this so absolutely unacceptable an idea?
         | 
         | A factory seems like a big space where there could perhaps be a
         | predictable well known radio spectrum, and where that spectrum
         | could reliably be monitored for stability. Unlike most spaces,
         | there's a lot of possibilities for controlling the environment
         | well, if you wanted; no end-user devices allowed, nothing but
         | known systems.
         | 
         | This feels like you could very quickly get to some kind of
         | known state. "We will be able to send priority signals within
         | under 2ms." Or some such quality metric. Keep a signal analyzer
         | going: any time this isn't met, everything goes into an
         | independent failsafe shutdown mode until the issue is debugged
         | and started up again.
         | 
         | Our instincts to judge & discard ideas & possibilities is _so_
         | dangerous, is such a deep human peril. Your instinct feels like
         | it comes from a good place, feels correct, but ultimately, this
         | is acting in fear uncertainty  & doubt, & your execution rests
         | on no contentions other than it's own self certainty.
         | 
         | I think we must be much more thorough in our thinking &
         | arguing, must not leap to discard ideas so quickly totally &
         | casually; FUD must be rooted out deep within ourselves &
         | challenged. Let not progress be onstructed by meek wills.
        
           | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
           | I think it is easy to dismiss because you should always keep
           | squishy humans away from the unthinking machines. If they are
           | always separated during routine operation, you have
           | eliminated potential failure modes that could result in a
           | fatal injury.
           | 
           | Sure, engineer the machines to immediately halt if a human is
           | detected, but also design the system so that close physical
           | proximity is never required.
        
         | MR4D wrote:
         | Have you ever been to a modern warehouse?
         | 
         | There are hundreds of those things moving around, often with
         | heavy loads (enough to injure if not enough to kill).
         | 
         | And it has been that way for years. [0]
         | 
         | [0] - https://www.wired.com/story/amazon-warehouse-robots/
         | 
         | EDIT : Adding Amazon's page on robots that also talks about
         | safety: https://www.amazon.science/latest-news/amazon-robotics-
         | auton...
        
       | Unfrozen0688 wrote:
       | lol ethernet to everything please. soooo may helldesk calls.
       | "uoooh internet... bad..." okay plug dat shiiiii in
        
         | ttyyzz wrote:
         | What? Of course you should wire everything up if possible, but
         | some devices just don't allow that. I once used the USB to
         | Ethernet adapter that came with my Fire TV, only to discover
         | that it runs at 100 Mbit and that the USB controller is a
         | bottleneck. In addition, the connection kept dropping out, so I
         | switched back to WiFi for that specific device.
        
       | im3w1l wrote:
       | This sounds like a good direction: even very infrequent, very
       | brief stutters can be a dealbreaker for hardcore gamers, and make
       | them chose wired over wifi.
        
       | cryptonector wrote:
       | > "The question that we posed ourselves was, 'What do we do
       | now?'" says Carlos Cordeiro, [...]
       | 
       | Uh, Wi-Fi security still sucks. Can we fix that?
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | Does it?
         | 
         | My only gripe is that for whatever goddamn reason Android isn't
         | able to detect what specific subset of WPA2 Enterprise config
         | the AP actually wants/supports and the UI seems to constantly
         | change around over the years, a common annoyance in large
         | campus networks where the admins don't stay on top.
        
         | transpute wrote:
         | Wi-Fi 7 access point firmware vendors could choose to implement
         | optional per-client passphrases, VLANs and device identity for
         | access and traffic control. OSS reference code is available
         | from https://github.com/spr-networks/super.
         | 
         | Wi-Fi 7 Sensing (802.11bf) of humans can measure breathing
         | rate, keystroke typing, position and motion, from outside the
         | walls of homes and business. What's the relationship between
         | human biometric recognition and security?
        
       | bofaGuy wrote:
       | I cannot remember the last time WiFi reliably was an issue for
       | me. Maybe over 5 years ago..?
        
       | jl6 wrote:
       | Industry, please please please take your time and get the feature
       | set right and stick to calling it simply WiFi 7 - or just leave
       | the marginal stuff for WiFi 8. I don't want to see a 7E.
        
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       (page generated 2023-12-29 23:01 UTC)