[HN Gopher] Ask HN: What are good books/blogs to read for a firs...
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       Ask HN: What are good books/blogs to read for a first time CTO?
        
       Planning my first startup as CTO, what resources should I go
       through for sure.
        
       Author : kanodiaashu
       Score  : 431 points
       Date   : 2023-12-29 09:18 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
       | CityOfThrowaway wrote:
       | Peopleware is a classic
       | 
       | https://www.amazon.com/Tom-Demarco/dp/0932633439/?nodl=1&dpl...
        
       | cientifico wrote:
       | There was this related post in hn that might help you.
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37971795
        
       | kozak wrote:
       | If it's just a "planning my first startup" stage and not an
       | existing enterprise of some non-zero size, I'd suggest starting
       | from the book "The Lean Startup" by Eric Ries and other general
       | "startup mentality" information sources. For a tech-minded CTO,
       | it's especially important to have that correct "startup
       | mentality" to avoid big mistakes from the start.
        
       | Omroth wrote:
       | The Meta Cast (Bob & Josh) is very useful for getting an insight
       | into team management.
        
       | sergioisidoro wrote:
       | An Elegant Puzzle: Systems of Engineering Management, by Will
       | Larson
        
       | emmanueloga_ wrote:
       | I'm reading the O'Reilly book on terraform. The end appendix has
       | a great list of books to read for a CTO. Also planning to check
       | the author other book, "Hello, startup" (see [1]).
       | 
       | 1: https://www.ybrikman.com
        
       | eddyzh wrote:
       | It's old but a mythical man month is where dev management books
       | realy started.
        
       | wslh wrote:
       | Assumming you have worked as software engineer I recommend to
       | talk with other CTOs, product people, and/or senior engineers
       | (peer groups) and have concrete problems you would like to solve
       | in mind.
       | 
       | What kind of startup you want to build and in what field? Knowing
       | more details about the challenges you will face help to narrow
       | the focus to specific knowledge and skills.
        
       | elmarschraml wrote:
       | Depends a lot on your situation:
       | 
       | Does "CTO" mean you are the tech lead of a small (single team)
       | engineering organization? Then everything written for staff
       | engineers applies. E.g I've heard good things about "Staff
       | engineer's path" by Tanya Reilly.
       | 
       | Does "CTO" mean you are leading an org that is too large to be
       | hands-on with tech, and need to build an effective structure and
       | culture? Then I second the recommendation for "an elegant puzzle"
       | by Will Larson.
       | 
       | Or does "CTO" mean that you switched from being an engineer to
       | managing a team of engineers? Then everything for new managers
       | applies, for starters I'd recommend "Becoming an effective
       | software engineering manager" by James Stanier, or "Engineering
       | management for the rest of us" by Sarah Drasner.
       | 
       | For some good general material, I'd also recommend the resources
       | that Gergely Orosz makes available for subscribers to his
       | "pragmatic engineer" newsletter. Those are templates for the kind
       | of documents and processes you will most likely need - if you're
       | new to the role, you will not go too wrong by using them, and if
       | you want to create your own they are excellent starting points.
        
         | skrebbel wrote:
         | And maybe CTO means "the founding programmer of a new startup"
         | in which case my advice would be to stop reading and start
         | coding :-)
        
           | 946789987649 wrote:
           | There's always time to read, you can't only code. E.g. I run
           | a lot so I get through a hell of a lot of audio books.
        
             | ysavir wrote:
             | I don't think the parent comment means only code, never
             | learn. I think their intention was to not worry too much
             | about the "CTO" title and instead focus on building the
             | product at hand.
        
               | skrebbel wrote:
               | Yep. When building a startup you'll find a lot of well-
               | meaning people (in books or in person) who really do
               | nothing but distract you. YC got it right, you should
               | make something people want. Everything that's not either
               | making something or finding out what people want is just
               | going to slow you down.
        
               | leetrout wrote:
               | Too reductionist.
               | 
               | You must "sharpen the saw".
               | 
               | This takes many forms including adequate learning /
               | training for self improvement as well as investment in
               | your tooling that will pay dividends on delivering faster
               | or with higher throughput.
               | 
               | These are second and third system effects that require
               | intention to monitor or measure but the effect is real.
        
               | skrebbel wrote:
               | Of course nothing is black and white, but if you have
               | limited time/money then you want to get to ramen
               | profitability _fast_ and you simply don't have time for
               | business model canvases, the perfect employee option
               | scheme, a scalable k8s setup or a perfect CI /CD
               | pipeline.
               | 
               | There's _so much stuff_ that feels important and
               | valuable, but _so little of it_ really cannot wait until
               | after your wheels are off the ground.
               | 
               | When you read postmortems of startups that didn't get
               | enough customers, often it's this stuff that actually
               | went wrong. Too much time spent on other stuff than
               | "build something" and "that people want".
               | 
               | To my experience, it's difficult to resist all that good
               | advice that's all over the internet, books, accelerator
               | programs and the like, and saving it all for later.
               | People will tell you "you should get $PETPEEVE right from
               | the start" for every imaginable pet peeve (all the way
               | from legal stuff to unit tests to SEO) and they'll be
               | very convincing. Trying to resist this is not
               | reductionist, it's super hard.
        
               | Quiark wrote:
               | I'd say the time for sharpening the saw was before you
               | started the company. The next opportunity to invest into
               | best practices / long-term is when the company actually
               | has some traction.
        
               | skeeter2020 wrote:
               | The entire point of sharpening the saw is that it is
               | continual though. It doesn't have to be a major
               | investment or long-term, in fact it explicitly references
               | "Daily Self-Renewal". I believe the original comment
               | branch just meant don't worry about "what's applicable to
               | the CTO".
        
               | ysavir wrote:
               | Sure. But the point was that if you're a team of 1
               | engineer, even if your title is CTO, time spent learning
               | "how to be a CTO" when you don't have any team whatsoever
               | is time not spent building the prototype that needs to
               | demonstrate $XX value/growth by YYYY-MM-DD in order to
               | survive.
               | 
               | Learning is always encouraged, but you should be learning
               | to solve the problems you're about to face. Learning to
               | solve problems which aren't going to be obstacles in the
               | near or mid future isn't helping you in your immediate
               | circumstances. Sometimes the immediate circumstances
               | aren't much of a concern, but when they are, you need to
               | be sure you're learning with that in mind.
        
               | dasil003 wrote:
               | Any advice is going to be reductive when measured against
               | the reality of building a startup. While learning and
               | continuous improvement are table stakes, I think the GPs
               | advice is much better to get first-time founders overall.
               | "Sharpening the saw" is likely to feed perfectionist
               | tendencies, or send them into dopamine learning loops
               | online. There's a reason that "bias for action" is
               | treated as a highly valuable trait in founders.
        
           | endymi0n wrote:
           | And honestly, pre product-market fit my advice would be not
           | even coding, but iterating in an extremely scrappy way (read:
           | Google Sheets, Jupyter Notebooks, no-/low code, handwritten
           | invoices) until you have people paying for your product and
           | not churning after the first month. Everything else comes
           | secondary. For every company that didn't manage to scale
           | their tech and teams fast enough, there's 100 that die by
           | ,,building and they will come" a polished app with great UX
           | through 4 ecosystems that get launched to deafening silence.
        
             | fullstackchris wrote:
             | this is perfect advice which i can't agree with enough.
             | that is unless the founders insist on a flawless UI... then
             | you are in for a world of pain
             | 
             | never understood why teams of literally 1 or 2 devs are
             | always forced to try attempt to acheive the visual quality
             | of apps like instagram, whatsapp, etc
        
               | liquidpele wrote:
               | > never understood why teams of literally 1 or 2 devs are
               | always forced to try attempt to acheive the visual
               | quality of apps like instagram, whatsapp, etc
               | 
               | For the same reason those kinds of places have more
               | managers than workers... it's a vanity project.
        
             | skrebbel wrote:
             | Tbf I believe this depends a lot on the product category.
             | Uber could do this in their first few months but eg Retool
             | couldn't.
        
               | macNchz wrote:
               | Obviously some ideas can't be tested without writing some
               | code, but it's more of a mindset than a strict playbook-
               | many programmers (myself included) tend to bias towards
               | wanting to write code and avoid sales conversations until
               | the thing feels "done". Tech message boards are littered
               | with programmers trying to justify why _their_ app has to
               | have a full polished build that will take a year before
               | they can begin selling it.
               | 
               | When you get in the habit of asking yourself, before
               | building, how you can learn the most about what people
               | want with the least amount of code, clever ideas often
               | come to mind.
        
           | techbiotic wrote:
           | :-)
        
           | mooreds wrote:
           | Haha, for sure. I wrote about that contrast here a few years
           | ago: https://www.mooreds.com/wordpress/archives/2555
        
           | belter wrote:
           | His productivity will shoot trough the roof, when it moves
           | into deleting code.
        
         | Aurornis wrote:
         | > For some good general material, I'd also recommend the
         | resources that Gergely Orosz makes available for subscribers to
         | his "pragmatic engineer" newsletter. Those are templates for
         | the kind of documents and processes you will most likely need -
         | if you're new to the role, you will not go too wrong by using
         | them
         | 
         | One word of caution: Engineers and EMs read these newsletters
         | and even management books, too.
         | 
         | It's not hard to see when your leadership is just parroting
         | things they read from a book or newsletter and trying to pass
         | it off as if they had deep leadership experience. Engineers are
         | good at seeing through cargo cult leadership.
         | 
         | I suggest that if you embrace a practice found in a book or a
         | newsletter, be transparent about the source. Encourage people
         | to read more about it in the book or newsletter where you found
         | it. Don't try to pass it off as a management technique you
         | invented or pulled from deep background experience, because it
         | feels disappointing to the team when someone realizes their CTO
         | is just parroting things from a newsletter or blog and trying
         | to hide the source.
         | 
         | Also, don't get into the mindset that having read a lot of
         | books or blogs or podcasts or newsletters is a substitute for
         | experience. Some of the worst leaders I've had were those who
         | would lord their book knowledge over everyone as though it made
         | them the confident expert on everything, while we could all
         | clearly see that the extents of their knowledge started and
         | stopped with what was contained in the books they read. Books
         | contribute bits and pieces and give suggestions to add to your
         | corpus of knowledge, but if you treat them like definitive,
         | all-encompassing sources of wisdom then it's going to be clear
         | to people that you don't really know what you're doing. Be
         | honest and stay humble.
        
         | onetimeuse92304 wrote:
         | That's a very good point. A "CTO" can mean any mix of
         | managerial, leadership and technical responsibilities.
         | 
         | It is my assumption that a CTO is usually coming with technical
         | background already except when he/she is a cofounder and they
         | got technical domain as a result of division of
         | responsibilities. But I am suspicious of startups where none of
         | the cofounders come from technical background.
         | 
         | That leaves managerial and leadership. IMO, if you are a CTO,
         | managerial is something you can hire other people to do for you
         | as your technical organisation grows and leadership is
         | something you should really be focusing on.
         | 
         | You can have flourishing technical organisations with the CTO
         | being a poor manager but a good leader but very unlikely with a
         | CTO with good management but poor leadership skills.
        
         | mac-mc wrote:
         | Even if you're effectively 'just' a tech lead of a small team,
         | like I am, it's still a very different job than being a tech
         | lead of a small team in a larger company. You are at the top
         | level of the small group, so you end up being involved in a lot
         | more non-tech things than you think you would be.
         | 
         | Your peers are not other engineers and engineering managers
         | like you would be in most situations, but marketers, product
         | people, designers, PMs and so on. Who is the founder and
         | ultimate authority (CEO) and if you are a co-founder or not
         | also really changes things. A founder CTO is also very
         | different from a non-founder CTO. Co-founder conflicts is a
         | huge thing to manage, (see https://flocrivello.com/co-founding-
         | considered-harmful/ ) because at a small size even as a non
         | founder, you're pretty close to it. You should decide upfront
         | if you're going to approach the job as another effective
         | founder or employee and communicate that to founder at the
         | start as part of a conversation.
         | 
         | I made the transition from staff eng to eng manager to CTO at a
         | small startup, and each one is still a very different job even
         | though the skill sets transfer greatly. I code way more at the
         | startup than I did as an eng manager too. Several things I
         | would suggest:
         | 
         | 1. You're an exec, even if your company is tiny, and how it
         | works is different than being a manager. Concepts like the
         | 'first team' https://www.michaelvizdos.com/resources/first-team
         | and 'getting on the balcony' matter way more than when you're
         | in a purely product & eng organization:
         | https://www.bettermanager.co/post/move-away-from-the-dance-f...
         | 
         | 2. Don't be shy about getting exec coaching, and having the
         | company pay for it. We did that and it was very helpful.
         | 
         | 3. Read Radical Candor (updated edition!!!), but also read it
         | with a bit of a grain of salt, realizing the title and advice
         | was chosen because the writer wanted to balance their general
         | high agreeableness with a counterweight that goes too far for
         | the typical person IMO, which the writer writes about that
         | exact dynamic in the second edition.
         | 
         | 2a. Learning to be properly direct is super essential,
         | especially at small sizes where its more make or break based on
         | how emotionally deluded you are. The people you are working
         | with need be able to handle you being real with them too. If
         | they cannot, move on, it's that important.
         | 
         | 4. Expand your skill set, do everything technical. If you're a
         | backend engineering manager, expand your stack to all parts of
         | the business. That means the back end, the front end, data,
         | analytics, observability, devops, AI models, performance
         | tracing, etc. I started as a mobile eng with previous backend
         | experience, and I wish I expanded sooner so the company had
         | those things on lock sooner, especially in the data analytics
         | side. Engineers hate analytics, embrace it fast to counteract
         | that tendency.
         | 
         | 5. Gergely, Will Larson, etc are good resources, but also note
         | they come from what I call the "Uber strain", and thus
         | structure a lot of their experience and advice based on
         | formative years working at Uber. I also worked at Uber when
         | they were there and I recognize a bunch of Uber-isms in their
         | writing.
         | 
         | A good chunk of what they talk about is how to be successful at
         | a place like Uber. Something I've realized later with them is
         | that other companies can be pretty different, and what they
         | espouse sometimes might not match. But on the other hand,
         | Uber's work culture came from previous strains of silicon
         | valley tech culture, especially google's due to the top
         | engineers being from google and setting up their promo system
         | to match googles (vs lets say apple) and the knock on effects
         | of that. Something about that place made people get really good
         | at understanding what is needed to succeed in tech leadership
         | and write about it, I guess it's kind of a paypal mafia effect.
        
       | thiago_fm wrote:
       | As a CTO you'll work a lot with people, the best resource you can
       | get is related to people.
       | 
       | Get a mentor, read books about dealing with people in the most
       | optimal way for you and the business (closing deals, negotiation,
       | psychology etc).
       | 
       | Also learn how to develop people. There are a few books on this,
       | but nothing beats experience and being reflective about it. Every
       | situation is specific and it's up to you to strategize how to
       | develop people in your team, finding out what are the right
       | buttons to push.
        
       | ratg13 wrote:
       | Given that you have provided no information about your industry,
       | the size of your company or team, your background, or any
       | relevant information that could be used to help, literally any
       | book could be a good fit for you.
       | 
       | Your best bet is to see if your company is willing to pay for you
       | to take some Dale Carnegie classes (Specifically the ones on
       | Effective Communication). It will help you more than anything
       | technical.
        
       | EwanToo wrote:
       | If this is the first time you'd to be responsible for budgets,
       | working with the board, finance teams, HR, etc, then I'd
       | recommend a general business management book like "The Personal
       | MBA" to give you an introduction to the concepts and language
       | that those teams will use.
       | 
       | The Personal MBA: A World-Class Business Education in a Single
       | Volume https://amzn.eu/d/dTAp1GF
        
       | degradas wrote:
       | Will Larson has a lot of excellent material and an upcoming book
       | specifically targeted for engineering executives. Check out
       | https://lethain.com/tags/executive/ and
       | https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/the-engineering-executi...
        
       | erikstarck wrote:
       | The Mythical Man Month and The Phoenix Project.
        
         | Izmaki wrote:
         | I've had The Phoenix Project recommended before. Listening to
         | the Audio Book now - hoping it's good.
        
           | Izmaki wrote:
           | A couple of hours of listening in here, it feels a lot like
           | "The Five Dysfunctions of a Team" - a made-up story about a
           | made-up company with made-up problems that are simple and
           | self-contained enough to have solutions, and where colleagues
           | are able to work together, despite turbulence.
           | 
           | It's hard to relate to, honestly. It's likely that the target
           | audience is just not "me", but I think somebody with very
           | limited experience dealing with operations would enjoy it.
           | Questions like "why is IT Change Management important" and
           | "how do we prevent people from making mindless changes in
           | production on a Friday afternoon". If you know this already,
           | so far this book is nothing but a "good story about work" -
           | if anybody ever miss this part of life.
        
       | jrflowers wrote:
       | The Butter Battle Book
        
       | apples_oranges wrote:
       | I would suggest reading 2-3 books from your tech domain, I mean
       | the tech stack your startup will be using, and maybe 2-3 more
       | about your niche (for example if you are in online advertising,
       | read books about advertising in general and online in particular)
        
       | mobiuscog wrote:
       | Whichever books you read - some great suggestions in the comments
       | so far - please treat them as advice, and not religious texts.
       | 
       | So many managers and higher fail terribly at being effective
       | because they believe all they need to do is encourage/enforce the
       | practices in the books on the engineering teams, and that is the
       | path to failure and the death of morale.
       | 
       | Take the books as guidance, but listen and engage with your
       | reports (and their reports) to find the problems that need to be
       | solved. Don't dictate or drive people, let them use their
       | expertise in the direction you lead.
        
         | ksplicer wrote:
         | People are notoriously bad at identifying what actually led to
         | their success. Career advice authors even more so.
        
           | liquidpele wrote:
           | I'd imagine mostly because, at least with some jobs, a dead
           | parrot could be successful because the success was tied to
           | other things (luck, founder connections, a few great
           | sales/devs, etc).
        
       | jeanloolz wrote:
       | Managing Humans: Biting and Humorous Tales of a Software
       | Engineering Manager
        
       | krishadi wrote:
       | On a side note, when I had my startup and was the CTO, a lot of
       | advice I got and also what I ended up realising was that my
       | priority and goal was to build an amazing `Tech Team`.
        
       | gorbachev wrote:
       | Books can help, but if I was you, I'd try and find a good mentor.
        
       | onion2k wrote:
       | Technical founders are not CTOs. At least, not for a long time. A
       | CTO role defines the strategic vision for the org. You'll have a
       | vague idea of that as a founder but until you nail the product
       | and where it fits in a market it won't really matter too much.
       | Focus on executing and getting traction instead.
        
       | pknerd wrote:
       | So, does a CTO need to know about:
       | 
       | - Dev/ML/X Ops
       | 
       | - System Architecture
       | 
       | - DB design? etc?
        
         | rwmj wrote:
         | IMHO they ought to have a developer background. That doesn't
         | mean they need to be an expert in DBMS design or whatever, but
         | they should know enough to know when one of their reports is
         | talking BS.
         | 
         | I once worked for a CTO who threw out all our Linux systems and
         | replaced them with Solaris (early 2000s) because "Linux
         | couldn't scale", at the behest of our database architect who
         | was basically just trying to increase his own empire and
         | budget. One of the stupidest and most costly decisions, that
         | also demoralised the rest of the team.
        
         | Izmaki wrote:
         | My expectation as a lead-role in DevOps is that my CTO
         | understands what I am saying, if I were to present a business
         | case to him for evaluation or raise a concern with the company
         | tool stack. Shortly put I want somebody with decision making
         | powers to also have the knowledge to make those decisions. I
         | don't need them to be able to implement any of the changes, but
         | I need them to be able to know why the change needs to happen
         | and what business value it does or does not give.
        
       | oneplane wrote:
       | At a startup phase, I'm not sure there is anything that is
       | strictly speaking a "CTO" task, except the paperwork. And once
       | you get big enough for it to matter, the same rule applies as for
       | a CEO: the CxO you need for your first million is a different one
       | you need for your 100 million and different yet again for your
       | first billion.
       | 
       | There is of course a GitHub list for this:
       | https://github.com/kuchin/awesome-cto and perhaps the best way to
       | find out what you need is to check things off of that list that
       | don't actually have anything to do with what you're actually
       | working on. Role names generally have very little meaning on
       | their own, it's all about context.
        
       | lnsru wrote:
       | You need to book communication and/or good sales course. As CTO
       | you're into politics, not into tech. Ability to communicate
       | clearly and steer the conversation is your skill number one. Tech
       | background is nice to have, but not really useful. You will hire
       | people for that.
        
       | budgi4 wrote:
       | Accelerate https://www.amazon.com/Accelerate-Software-Performing-
       | Techno...
       | 
       | Team Topologies https://www.amazon.com/Team-Topologies-
       | Organizing-Business-T...
       | 
       | Making Work Visible https://www.amazon.com/Making-Work-Visible-
       | Exposing-Optimize...
        
       | huqedato wrote:
       | https://zachgoldberg.com/ctohandbook - that's a good start
        
       | emmelaich wrote:
       | Designing Data-Intensive Applications by Martin Kleppmann
        
       | esseti wrote:
       | The effective manager - how to manage people
       | 
       | The mom test - how to discover product
       | 
       | The EOS (Traction and Co) - how to manage the company and give
       | direction to the vision of the company
        
         | paulcole wrote:
         | I think EOS is great and that every startup should use it, but
         | have a feeling that most HN readers will _detest_ it because of
         | Not Invented Here syndrome. It's too tempting to think "How
         | hard can it be to figure out how to run a meeting, set goals,
         | etc.?" And then end up spending the time that should've been
         | spent having meetings and working towards goals on all the
         | minutiae and cruft that somebody else has worked out in the
         | past.
        
       | simonebrunozzi wrote:
       | I've been a CTO a couple of times (VMware, startup), I don't
       | think I'm a good one (I am better as an individual contributor,
       | rather than as a manager), but I have one piece of advice for
       | you: ignore books, or use them as secondary source of truth.
       | 
       | You should instead TALK to long-time or former CTOs and ask them
       | for advice. You won't find that advice in any book. It's
       | invaluable.
        
         | rwmj wrote:
         | How/where did you find former CTOs to talk to?
        
           | _jal wrote:
           | ...you just found one and talked to him.
        
             | nsoldiac wrote:
             | not always a him
        
               | fdsalkjvlkjlkj wrote:
               | I'm pretty sure you can safely call him a him in this
               | case.
        
               | _jal wrote:
               | When does Simone become something else?
        
               | Jtsummers wrote:
               | Simone as a feminine or masculine name depends on the
               | language and country. Simone in French is feminine, and
               | in Italian (so a reasonable interpretation here given the
               | last name) is masculine. In the US (and, from what I've
               | seen, other English speaking countries) the name is
               | brought in from French and generally considered feminine
               | (barring being in an Italian community, I've met a couple
               | Simone <Italian last name> men, but often the name
               | becomes Simon after a generation or two in the US for men
               | like how Roberto or Juan will become Robert or John for
               | Spanish-language immigrant families).
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone_(given_name)#Simone
               | - Pick any of the Italians off the list and they're
               | almost certainly men, most of the non-Italian Simone's
               | are women.
               | 
               | Of course, it's still safer to look them up if you don't
               | actually know the person in question and want to use he
               | or she.
        
               | piuantiderp wrote:
               | Nor a she. Hope no offense is taken by such a small
               | matter
        
               | belter wrote:
               | https://youtu.be/ifV7IkGVqaY
        
               | dangus wrote:
               | "They/Them" would be appropriate if we didn't know the
               | person's gender or if they were specifically non-binary.
               | However, in this case, we do know that this specific
               | person is "he/him" thanks to the username and public
               | profile, so the comment parent to yours was appropriate
               | and your comment less so.
               | 
               | (Your comment is less appropriate because the analogy
               | would be if you said: "Nice to meet you, Jim. Not all
               | people in your position are men, though.")
        
           | xtracto wrote:
           | The slack community in https://randsinrepose.com/welcome-to-
           | rands-leadership-slack/ has a pretty good number of CTOs and
           | other leaders.
        
             | stavros wrote:
             | This looks interesting, thanks!
        
             | mooreds wrote:
             | Plus one for this. There's a #startup-cto channel there
             | that is full of good folks to chat with.
        
           | mooreds wrote:
           | I mentioned this in another comment but ctolunches.com is a
           | group of engineering leaders that I have participated in from
           | time to time.
           | 
           | 7 CTOs is another one that I have heard of but haven't
           | participated in.
        
         | ajb wrote:
         | On that subject, Someone I knew used to use the bartech cto
         | network. But I'm not sure if it still exists, as I now can't
         | find any trace of bartech online. There is this page:
         | https://discourse.bartechcto.net/login but it seems to be
         | invite only.
        
         | mooreds wrote:
         | Yes, so much is contextual and it's really hard to get that
         | from books. But conversations, whether with peers or a coach,
         | can help you because they have that context.
        
       | pablobaz wrote:
       | Scaling People: Tactics for Management and Company Building
       | 
       | This is a great book for larger team sizes.
       | 
       | https://amzn.eu/d/hnEQvsV
        
       | pixelmonkey wrote:
       | I was CTO of a startup from pre-seed stage ($0 raised,
       | bootstrapping) thru Series A + B stages ($millions raised,
       | scaling). I then promoted a senior engineer to the CTO role,
       | around the time that we had ~20-30 engineers organized into sub-
       | teams with engineering leads. As part of that, I ran an
       | engineering management book club internally for the new CTO and
       | engineering leads (which was also open to any engineers to join).
       | I then published that reading list as a neatly organized blog
       | post.
       | 
       | The team wrote web / SaaS / analytics software in Python and
       | JavaScript, deployed on Linux + AWS, using lightweight planning
       | tools like GitHub and Notion. It was also a fully distributed
       | team long before the pandemic. Over time, the company (Parse.ly)
       | gained hundreds of enterprise customers and established itself
       | via profitable growth in a straightforward SaaS business model.
       | In 2021, less than a year after this blog post was published, the
       | company was acquired by one of the largest open web internet
       | companies (Automattic, creators of WordPress.com).
       | 
       | "Managing software teams: the definitive reading list"
       | 
       | https://amontalenti.com/2020/11/28/definitive-reading-list
       | 
       | The blog post is organized into a few sections, each featuring a
       | few relevant books:
       | 
       | - Management as a high-leverage activity
       | 
       | - Product marketing and product management
       | 
       | - Debugging dysfunctional product cultures
       | 
       | - The psychology of deep work
       | 
       | - Fully distributed teams
       | 
       | - Programmer mindset and philosophy
       | 
       | It's easy to skip around to find a good starting point or make
       | your own (smaller) reading list. Hope that helps. Good luck!
        
         | dopamean wrote:
         | That sounds like a really awesome workplace you built there.
         | Nice job.
        
       | Oras wrote:
       | For a startup, focus on shipping faster. The only thing that
       | matters in a startup is finding the product market fit.
       | 
       | If you don't get to this point, the startup will die. So spending
       | time optimizing the performance or arguing which code formatting
       | standards to follow is just a waste of time and resources.
        
       | huqedato wrote:
       | https://www.amazon.com/INSPIRED-Create-Tech-Products-Custome...
       | 
       | https://www.amazon.com/Escaping-Build-Trap-Effective-Managem...
        
       | OliverJones wrote:
       | Read about what to do: _The Fifth Discipline_ by Peter Senge. A
       | bit dated by now, it's still good stuff about "systems thinking"
       | . And you'll need a lot of deliberate systems thinking in your
       | job, and you'll need to teach others to think that way.
       | 
       | Read about what not to do: _The Ultimate Question_ by Fred
       | Reichheld. This book is about the notorious Net Promoter Score.
       | (Would you recommend HN to a friend? Would you? Would you?)
       | Reading it will give you insight into how bonehead MBAs with Cs
       | in their marketing classes can convince leadership they've come
       | up with a good way to measure customer satisfaction. (Net
       | Promoter Score works fine for competitive businesses selling
       | commodity products -- rental cars to individuals for example --
       | but not for many places where it is now used.)
        
       | stargrazer wrote:
       | Coincidentally, this showed up on my Twitter timeline just now:
       | 
       | https://github.com/kuchin/awesome-cto - A curated and opinionated
       | list of resources for Chief Technology Officers and VP R&D, with
       | the emphasis on startups and hyper-growth companies.
       | 
       | Someone else beat me to the link.
        
       | smk_ wrote:
       | Those who can't do, teach. Don't read. Do.
        
         | rjtavares wrote:
         | And those who can do are often terrible teachers.
        
       | rnjailamba wrote:
       | Mindset and leadership (explore other titles by Gerald M.
       | Weinberg as well)
       | 
       | - An Introduction to General Systems Thinking
       | 
       | - Becoming a Technical Leader: An Organic Problem-Solving
       | Approach
       | 
       | So that you have a good answer to "when will it be ready"
       | 
       | - Software Estimation: Demystifying the Black Art
       | 
       | - Agile Estimating and Planning
       | 
       | People management
       | 
       | - The Manager's Path: A Guide for Tech Leaders Navigating Growth
       | and Change
       | 
       | - High Output Management
       | 
       | Besides Mythical Man Month already mentioned in other comments.
        
       | TDiblik wrote:
       | Depends on what you're into:
       | 
       | romance: i would suggest "Looking for Alaska" by John Green or
       | "Pierre et Luce" by Romain Rolland
       | 
       | fantasy: The Way Of Kings by Brandon Sanderson or "Blackout" by
       | Marc Elseberg
       | 
       | life advice ig?: "The Algebra of Happiness" by Scott Galloway
       | 
       | ... never been a CTO xd
        
       | jdalsgaard wrote:
       | Not a book or blog per se, but:
       | https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1925 -- The Twelve
       | Networking Truths.
        
       | leandot wrote:
       | You've been chosen to be a CTO, this usually means that you
       | either did well in the company or were hired because of a good
       | track record. So keep doing this + keep things simple, plan
       | ahead, learn from colleagues, share knowledge. Stay humble,
       | confess mistakes, ask for genuine feedback and advice.
       | 
       | Books and blogs have a limited anecdotal value (sometimes it is
       | high but the effort is also high). I've learned more from
       | individual HN comments and actual work experience and mistakes
       | than any book.
        
         | tailspin2019 wrote:
         | I mean this is decent advice, but slightly odd given you could
         | easily have plugged your site here AND actually given the OP
         | what they asked for :-)
         | 
         | Maybe it's some reverse psychology thing. Ok I'll do it, you
         | evil genius...
         | 
         | https://hackernewsbooks.com
         | 
         | PS CTOs aren't always chosen, many are self-appointed as
         | founders or co-founders (possibly in this case too).
         | 
         | Chosen implies you've been subject to external assessment,
         | self-appointed is a different matter altogether (ie. you may be
         | extremely aware of possible knowledge/experience gaps that you
         | need to quickly fill).
         | 
         | To add my own suggestion, I think High Output Management by
         | Andy Grove is an excellent resource (not just for CTOs)
        
           | leandot wrote:
           | That is a very interesting line of thinking, my comment was
           | kind of the opposite - I find that after reading a couple of
           | good books on a certain topic, the rate of learning goes down
           | rapidly compared to the steady amount I get from HN comments
           | and experience. About hackernewsbooks - it's not mine since
           | many years and I am not affiliated with it, I am just the one
           | who built it and sold it. It's still nice though.
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | Simply put: https://grugbrain.dev/
        
       | elbi wrote:
       | https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1925
        
       | WillAdams wrote:
       | Jerry Kaplan's _StartUp_ is a classic which shows the dark
       | underbelly of deal-making and press-release creation, and why we
       | can't have nice things if they aren't being made so as to ensure
       | the profit of a dominant player:
       | https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1171250.Startup
       | 
       | Contrast it with: https://www.folklore.org/MacBasic.html
       | 
       | and the early history of VisualBASIC (and wonder how things might
       | have played out had the Mac had a nice development environment
       | out the gate)
       | 
       | and for management interactions see:
       | https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2006/06/16/my-first-billg-rev...
        
       | mysterydip wrote:
       | Game Thinking, by Amy Jo Kim: https://gamethinking.io/
       | 
       | Coincidentally, a quote from Ycombinator CEO Garry Tan on their
       | site: You've got to find your own window of opportunity. Game
       | Thinking is your instruction manual.
        
       | FourthProtocol wrote:
       | I'm somewhat surprised that strategy is only mentioned once (at
       | time of writing). Strategy is vital for any leadership role. Sun
       | Tsu is a classic, but can be difficult to assimilate. There are
       | many resources on Wikipedia.
       | 
       | Often overlooked is dealing with power and politics
       | (https://www.wittenburg.co.uk/Work/Politics.aspx)
       | 
       | Keeping up to date on tech also important, especially at the tech
       | lead/architecture level
       | (https://www.wittenburg.co.uk/Work/Mentoring.aspx).
        
       | zoenolan wrote:
       | As others have said, joining a community has been helpful to me.
       | I would recommend CTO Craft. You get to hear what issues others
       | are dealing with and how they solve them.
       | 
       | https://ctocraft.com/community/
        
       | diegof79 wrote:
       | The best advice is probably to learn as much as you can from
       | different sources but also keep a pragmatic point of view that
       | helps to select the things that apply to your situation. Very
       | often, new leaders follow a recipe without paying attention to
       | the organization's problems. (check the book "The First 90 Days"
       | by Watkins; it may give you ideas to organize your initial
       | approach).
       | 
       | As someone who went from engineering to product design, I observe
       | that CTOs without a product vision are challenging to work with.
       | For example, at a previous company, a CTO tried to implement the
       | hard rule that every UI component should be in the shared UI
       | library. But, even when I was leading the design system, that
       | rule didn't match how a product design process works. It caused
       | delivery slowdowns and a degradation of the UX. I can bring up
       | other examples, and the typical pattern is a leader looking at
       | only one aspect or two without balance. Try to go beyond
       | engineering and learn more about business and product design,
       | which will help you prioritize engineering decisions. Some
       | product-related books: Inspired by Cagan and Well-Designed by
       | Kolko. Beyond engineering and product, as a C-level executive or
       | director, people and hiring will be your primary concern. There
       | are many management books, and I don't have any particular to
       | recommend (all of them will provide tools, but none is perfect:
       | The Advantage and The Five Dysfunctions of a Team by Lencioni,
       | The Phoenix Project by Gene Kim). I also enjoy taking ideas from
       | biographical stories like Creativity Inc. by Ed Camull or
       | Creative Selection by Ken Kocienda. Finally, a book I found funny
       | and cynical but depicts big corps very well is "Management
       | Stripped Bare" by Jo Owen.
        
       | rramadass wrote:
       | Doing short courses (executive training) might be better.
       | Assuming you have the Technical Domain side covered, my
       | suggestion would be to focus on the following;
       | 
       | 1) Behavioural Psychology -
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorism
       | 
       | 2) Organizational Behaviour -
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_behavior
       | 
       | 3) Evidence-based Management -
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence-based_management
        
       | jakderrida wrote:
       | I imagine whatever agency or branch that's employing you should
       | provide the specialized training you need. I doubt they'd publish
       | or share the most important practices for security against those
       | you're Counter-Terrorist Operations are targeting from staying
       | ahead of you with that knowledge.
        
       | rdli wrote:
       | I think the #1 thing when you become part of an exec team is that
       | you should be optimizing for the _business_, and not your
       | function. The working assumption is that you will keep your
       | function executing and delivering, but what is really hard is
       | helping to figure out what the right decisions are for the
       | business. Should we invest more in product or sales? What if
       | there's a huge top of funnel problem -- what can we do about it?
       | Your job is to bring that technology perspective to the
       | discussion.
       | 
       | I've been an exec, founder, CEO, and board member at various
       | stages of successful (IPO) /unsuccessful companies (acqui-hire)
       | companies. And the common thread at every stage is that the most
       | successful companies had management teams that worked well
       | together to optimize for the business.
       | 
       | So instead of spending your energy on reading / learning more
       | about tech, I'd recommend you spend your energy learning more
       | about business (I'd probably start by asking the CEO & the rest
       | of the mgmt team for advice on what to learn.)
        
         | mooreds wrote:
         | This is phenomenal advice. You might, for example, recommend
         | outsourcing non-corrosive functionality rather than building it
         | in house, if you feel that is better for the company.
         | 
         | You should do this even if it leads to layoffs for your
         | department, because, again, your goal should be a thriving
         | business, not a thriving engineering department and a
         | lackluster business.
         | 
         | Source: I did recommend and lead this course of action once
         | (the outsourcing, not the layoffs). Company is still using an
         | outsourced solution.
        
           | mooreds wrote:
           | *non-core
        
       | mrtimo wrote:
       | I teach an MBA class on a similar subject.
       | 
       | The students like a book called "Adventures of an IT leader".
       | It's a fun read that students with work experience can relate to.
       | And students without work experience can learn a lot from.
        
       | koliber wrote:
       | This might be a bit contrarian, but don't read engineering
       | oriented books. Read up on selling, marketing, and product
       | design. These are the things that will help you make better
       | decisions about what you will build. My bet is that you got the
       | technology parts covered, and the management things will start to
       | matter once you have a team of 8+.
        
       | ipnon wrote:
       | "An Elegant Puzzle" by Will Larson[0] is revelatory when it comes
       | to leading a software engineering team. There is a solution to
       | every organizational problem I've encountered in companies from
       | single digits to thousands. That book alone, along with its
       | intentional and organized bibliography is one of the best
       | investments you can make in a tech career. Even without context
       | on the size of your company, Larson's new "The Engineering
       | Executive's Primer"[1] will surely make a valuable introduction
       | too.
       | 
       | [0] https://press.stripe.com/an-elegant-puzzle [1]
       | https://lethain.com/eng-execs-primer/
        
       | foxbarrington wrote:
       | You might find my survival guide for founders who depend on devs
       | to get things done useful. It covers topics like how not to lose
       | key information if a dev leaves, preventing endless rebuilds and
       | framework switching, keeping devs busy vs. keeping them
       | productive, and ensuring product builds don't go off the deep
       | end.
       | 
       | As an example, here's the chapter on estimates:
       | https://superstruct.tech/blog/estimates
        
       | tgtweak wrote:
       | Given the diversity of the "CTO" role in terms of
       | responsibilities and scale - what you should be reading will vary
       | depending on your current size, composition, industry and your
       | own personal experience level.
       | 
       | One I find no trouble recommending regardless of these however is
       | High Output Management by Andy Grove (of Intel). Not a new book,
       | but chalk full of what I consider absolute truths when it comes
       | to optimizing middle management (which is predominantly your role
       | as a CTO, once the org reaches 50+ people and your direct reports
       | all have direct reports). The fact it is still very relevant to
       | organizational challenges today when it was written 40 years ago
       | is a testament to this. It is a shame there are so few books that
       | focus on this very-ignored (and honestly largest) segment of
       | management and arguably where you get the most traction as a
       | company.
       | 
       | I've yet to meet two CTOs that share the same skillset or
       | strengths, or who work in the same org structure.
       | 
       | I would recommend doing some executive courses and trainings
       | (with our other execs) to learn some common language and
       | techniques/methodologies around team management and execution -
       | this has been the thing which helped me most in embracing a CTO
       | role (even one with other CTOs from separate business units
       | reporting into). It is ironic but the best blend for a high level
       | CTO is actually people and organizational skills moreso than pure
       | technical aptitude. You need to be able to fact check your people
       | and ask the right technical questions and understand the
       | fundamentals of technical debt and TCO analysis, but honestly
       | you'll be using your people/organizational skills and trying to
       | hire people that know the technology better than you for the most
       | part.
        
       | mooreds wrote:
       | This isn't a book or blog, but I recommend two different
       | communities:
       | 
       | CTOlunches.com, which is an in-person group that meets for
       | lunches around the world. It also has an active mailing list,
       | with hundreds of engineering leaders there.
       | 
       | The rands leadership slack (Google for it) is an invite only
       | slack with thousands of engineering leaders across the world.
       | Great for asynchronous conversations across a wide variety of
       | topics; they even have an anonymous q and a channel.
        
       | svilen_dobrev wrote:
       | Camille Fournier: the manager's path
       | 
       | Eye-opener (worst take away / for me - you can't be friends with
       | devs-under-you anymore. Or with anyone techie it seems. Probably
       | depends on company-founders' culture - if small and new - or
       | politics - if older and/or bigger)
       | 
       | some more of hers here: https://skamille.medium.com/an-
       | incomplete-list-of-skills-sen...
       | 
       | Also.. you can't be everything. Choose your poison (or if it has
       | been pre-chosen, find out what it is sooner than later), hire
       | other people for other stuff:
       | 
       | https://www.allthingsdistributed.com/2007/07/the_different_c...
       | 
       | more on the topic:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20642423
       | 
       | And... think/assess very-very well - all-the-time - How much
       | trust you have got.. and for what. YMMV. Sometimes "CTO" is only
       | a parrotizing label for investors to flock on. Sometimes it's for
       | real.
       | 
       | have fun
        
         | Solvency wrote:
         | A CTO can't have friends in their department?
        
           | mooreds wrote:
           | I think it is really tough for execs to have friends in the
           | same department, not just the CTO. Sometimes the business has
           | needs that conflict with people's needs/desires and a good
           | exec should choose the business.
        
       | jantypas2 wrote:
       | I don't know if I qualify for a CTO though people call me one
       | (people have called me names since I was a kid but Mom always
       | said to ignore them...) But let's tuck at that first word --
       | "Chief". In many cultures Chief meant the one who held the final
       | responsibility for whatever went bad. They were also the ones who
       | had to negotiate with opposing forces. With that in mind, learn
       | your opposing forces and what can go wrong. Ask the dreaded
       | Marketing tribe for their books and learn shamanic things like
       | how long it takes to get something into the media or a retail
       | store. Negotiate with someone in nursing to learn the mystical
       | art of dealing with angry people you are actually trying to help.
       | You will learn more from a nurse or a clothing buyer than you
       | will learn from the best coding book.
        
       | VPenkov wrote:
       | Just to add a bit to the excellent list this thread has
       | collected:
       | 
       | https://github.com/kuchin/awesome-cto
       | 
       | Some hit-and-miss there but I discovered a lot of great advice.
        
       | CountVonGuetzli wrote:
       | After doing the first-time CTO thing three years ago in an
       | established company with over 100 engineers, I think these two
       | are the minimum required reading:
       | 
       | An Elegant Puzzle: Systems of Eng Management
       | (https://lethain.com/elegant-puzzle)
       | 
       | and
       | 
       | The Art of Leadership, small things done well
       | (https://www.amazon.com/Art-Leadership-Small-Things-Done/dp/1...)
       | 
       | There are a lot more that were helpful to me, but those two
       | encompass most of the important concepts and skills already in a
       | usefully synthesized way, at least for me.
        
       | brightball wrote:
       | Are you funded and hiring or are you building?
       | 
       | If you're building, I'll echo other commenters...stop reading and
       | go code.
       | 
       | For just about any advice I'd say go read Rework, in between
       | coding sessions.
        
       | alberth wrote:
       | This is hugely dependent upon company size.
       | 
       | CTO skills needed for a 10-person company is radically different
       | than a 10,000-person company.
        
       | demon-code-999 wrote:
       | everyone is a CTO on linkedin
        
       | AC_8675309 wrote:
       | If I were a CEO and my CTO asked that question I would start
       | looking for a new CTO.
       | 
       | Sorry, not a helpful answer...
        
       | feoren wrote:
       | Learn about your industry. Learn about the problem. Learn as much
       | as you can about the problem your company is trying to solve.
       | Learn industry jargon. You already know enough about the tech;
       | just focus on the subject matter itself.
        
       | max_ wrote:
       | Check out Drew Houston's comment on HN from last year. [0]
       | 
       | [0]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33595470
        
       | tivert wrote:
       | Peopleware: Productive Projects and Teams
       | 
       | https://www.amazon.com/Peopleware-Productive-Projects-Teams-...
       | 
       | It's a classic, and also a pretty easy read. If you're in
       | technology and haven't read it yet, you should.
        
       | RecycledEle wrote:
       | Do not read books or blogs.
       | 
       | Learn to do every technical job in your company.
        
       | mikey_p wrote:
       | Must listen: The Idealcast with Gene Kim
       | 
       | I can't stress just how good this podcast is, all of the guests
       | are excellent. Here's a brief highlight of my favorites:
       | 
       | - Michael Nygard, SVP of Enterprise Architecture, Sabre -
       | brilliant breakdowns of how to approach software problems
       | conceptually
       | 
       | - Dr Steven Spear - tons of excellent stuff from years of
       | studying Japanese management techniques
       | 
       | - Elisabeth Hendrickson - has been studying testing and QA for
       | decades, tons of great insights
       | 
       | - Scott Havens - incredible breakdown of the inventory management
       | system of jet.com, acquired by Wal-mart and now powering
       | walmart.com
       | 
       | https://itrevolution.com/podcast/
        
       | mattferderer wrote:
       | Underrated new book not mentioned here - Think Like a CTO by Alan
       | Williamson
        
       | graycat wrote:
       | To several of the authors here, "thanks, I needed that".
       | 
       | I have the software written, and it appears to run as intended.
       | Now, doing computer _systems management_ , silly stuff; main
       | problem, getting past bad documentation, e.g., was just up all
       | night working with video adapters, device drivers, display
       | resolution, font scaling, HDMI, display port, flickering cursors,
       | etc. Since the documentation was so bad, I did take some notes on
       | the more important things I learned, e.g., by the TIFO (try it
       | and find out) Method. The results are not perfect but are good
       | enough for now. I can delay more until the business is growing
       | nicely (if it ever does). That is, for now concentrate on giving
       | people "something they want" and put video issues way down on the
       | TODO list.
       | 
       | But a concern: If such silly technical stuff does go well, then I
       | could be going live on the Internet fairly soon. Then some of the
       | issues might be:
       | 
       | (1) publicity and getting the first users
       | 
       | (2) getting advertisers
       | 
       | (3) billing and accounting
       | 
       | So, from this thread and a few hours at Google this week, I just
       | concluded: For nearly all that stuff, nearly every business has
       | to do it. So, there are well polished options for how to do it,
       | and I can put it low on the TODO list for now.
       | 
       | For what to do if the business starts to grow, I saw some of that
       | at FedEx and elsewhere. Right, as in this thread, focus on
       | providing "what people want", the work, and the revenue. E.g., if
       | I get a lot of users, then that should help getting some
       | advertisers. Then will need billing and accounting, and, uh,
       | there is no shortage of people who can provide such _services_
       | for me -- getting the revenue is the hard part; given the
       | revenue, it stands to be easy to work with an accounting service!
       | Or, for a lot  "I don't know how to do it, but there are plenty
       | of people who do."
       | 
       | In particular, for management and in particular _engineering
       | management_ , I've seen, been in, and done some of it and
       | conclude now that my business will be nicely successful before I
       | will have to look into the _theories_ of it. In particular, I saw
       | several cases of guys really eager to work hard, occasionally all
       | night, get good stuff done, with no credit from any _management_.
       | 
       | For the core _technical_ stuff, my efforts have some of that, and
       | it should be a business advantage, uses some of my experience and
       | Ph.D. in applied math, I would say beats AI, and easy for me --
       | early on in the effort I wrote up the math in Knuth 's math word
       | processing TeX. Then used the write up when I wrote the code
       | (Windows, IIS, .NET, ASP.NET, ADO.NET, platform invoke, etc.).
       | So, the core technical stuff is done, not even on the TODO list!
       | On with the rest with the balances as often in this thread.
        
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