[HN Gopher] A/UX
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       A/UX
        
       Author : lioeters
       Score  : 86 points
       Date   : 2023-12-28 12:24 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (en.wikipedia.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (en.wikipedia.org)
        
       | lioeters wrote:
       | Also on this topic:
       | 
       | - A/UX: The Unix for the rest of us?
       | http://toastytech.com/guis/aux.html
       | 
       | - Apple A/UX: The First UNIX Mac OS -
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nwrTTXOg-KI
        
         | gattilorenz wrote:
         | And the Shoebill emulator, if you want to run A/UX yourself:
         | https://github.com/pruten/shoebill
         | 
         | Or, apparently, a recent-ish QEMU, but I haven't tried that
         | myself
        
       | bregma wrote:
       | Ah, yes, good old A/UX. I remember taking half a day to reinstall
       | it on a Mac II from a box of floppies, staring at the counting
       | fingers on the screen while waiting for the instructions to swap
       | disks.
        
         | _jal wrote:
         | Yep, me too. I worked at Sybase at the time, and installed it
         | to use a beta PowerBuilder to (try to) build some internal
         | tools. Granted, I in my early 20s and far less experienced with
         | this stuff, but found PB utterly incomprehensible. Unix started
         | making sense fairly quickly, although I still had years of
         | learning ahead to get to competent.
         | 
         | Only later did I realize how odd it was that they had me doing
         | that on a Mac. Those where the days where they had farms of
         | various Unix workstations because they ported SQL Server to a
         | ton of different platforms. I remember ending up in a storage
         | room one day and there were piles of unopened Suns, Apollos,
         | DECs, SGIs...
         | 
         | Slightly less of a commitment, there was also MPW, which was
         | kind of unix-ish.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_Programmer%27s_Works...
        
           | mleo wrote:
           | PowerBuilder is a word I haven't heard in a long time. My
           | first job out of college at a tech consultancy was developing
           | a PowerBuilder/Oracle application for a client. Tooling was
           | terrible compared to today, but it was a great LOB
           | development tool.
        
             | tizio13 wrote:
             | Oh man, it took me a second to realize why I even
             | recognized Sybase and Powerbuilder. My last job had me
             | convert a bunch of PB reports into Crystal. My god I'm so
             | glad the design of PB never caught on. Awful program
        
       | jimjag wrote:
       | This was one of the most important OSs in my life, for a number
       | of reasons.
        
         | latchkey wrote:
         | Please don't be so humble Jim! Anyone who is reading this
         | should realize that Jim was the backbone of A/UX. He created
         | and maintained the infamous A/UX FAQ. If it wasn't for him,
         | this system would have been completely useless. He really
         | brought light to this operating system.
         | 
         | It was also super important in my life as well. I had a Quadra
         | 950 beast of a machine in college (I named it: dolphin) and
         | taught myself quite a bit of C by porting existing open source
         | software to it (which Jim listed in his FAQ).
         | 
         | I ran all sorts of social services on it... BBS', gopher,
         | finger, cu-seeme and most importantly... early ncsa and apache
         | httpd. I really got to connect with a lot of people on the
         | early 90's internet this way and it shaped my life to this day.
        
         | richharms wrote:
         | Thank you for everything you did to support A/UX!
         | jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov will be forever burned into my memory.
        
           | ForOldHack wrote:
           | Absolutely for ever. All the security updates, software
           | updates, third party everything. Jimjag is the real deal. I
           | had a pair of Quadra 950s, one running Apple share, and the
           | other with the SCSI Card running A/UX. ( 2x4x240M ). Without
           | his through amount of patches, and supplements, A/UX would
           | have been much harder, despite all the documentation. I could
           | xTerm from any machine in my house into my A/UX server.
           | Thanks Jim. Thanks for your archive.
        
         | classichasclass wrote:
         | Thanks for being there for A/UX! Proud to still maintain a
         | mirror of jagubox on the Gopher server, and my clock-chipped
         | Q800 runs it splendidly.
         | 
         | gopher://gopher.floodgap.com:70/1/archive/jagubox-gsfc-nasa-
         | gov-aux
        
         | jiveturkey wrote:
         | oh my! same here, and more importantly it was thanks to you!
         | thank you sir.
        
       | donatj wrote:
       | This reminds me of the old Computer Chronicles episode about A/UX
       | - worthy of a watch. Wish we still had computer reporting of that
       | caliber
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/nId-Nsj5OX4?si=sk2A28Xo5ivL8Rqf
        
         | _0xdd wrote:
         | One of my favorite TV shows to watch on archive.org. Things
         | were so much simpler back then.
        
         | snakeyjake wrote:
         | >Wish we still had computer reporting of that caliber
         | 
         | Today, when a new CPU is released instead of having a sales rep
         | on the show to demonstrate how much faster it spins a wireframe
         | in a 3-minute segment, there are publications that will spend
         | two weeks benchmarking it who will then release an hour-long
         | video and thousands of words of writing on every aspect of it.
         | 
         | Youtube videos on A/UX go into much more detail than Computer
         | Chronicles ever could and I'm saying that as the founding
         | member, president, and CEO of the Stewart Cheifet Appreciation
         | Society.
         | 
         | Action Retro: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Phk3qVUPqw
         | 
         | Paul's Crap: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=veOLuYgWkls
         | 
         | We are living in the golden age of technology reporting, if you
         | know where to look.
        
           | kaladin-jasnah wrote:
           | I have to say, Action Retro is probably one of my most
           | favourite YouTube channels. His enthusiasm for old computers
           | is just contagious.
           | 
           | Also, 68K.news, which appeared on the HN frontpage
           | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26623362), was made by
           | him.
        
       | drooopy wrote:
       | I've always wondered why Apple didn't kept on developing A/UX as
       | their replacement for classic Mac OS but instead chose to focus
       | on either Frankenstein-like experiments, such as Copland or
       | purchasing technology stack from 3rd party companies.
        
         | bluepizza wrote:
         | They licensed Sys V to build A/UX. That must have been quite
         | expensive.
        
         | cstross wrote:
         | I am _guessing_ here, but I worked at SCO (when it was a UNIX
         | VAR, not three vexatious lawsuits in a trenchcoat) and the
         | killer was always licensing fees, especially to AT &T. Sun
         | bought a royalty-free license to SVR4 from AT&T which became
         | Solaris, but it cost them on the order of $200M (if the figure
         | I was told was accurate). SCO had a royalty-free license to
         | SVR3.2 but had to pay out $250 to licensees for each copy of
         | SCO Open Desktop 3 they sold (the precursor to SCO Open Server
         | in 1995) for stuff like Motif, IXI Desktop, the Microsoft C
         | compiler they still used ...
         | 
         | I suspect Apple went to AT&T for royalty-free terms and were
         | quoted a price that, in the troubled Spindler/Amelio era, they
         | simply couldn't afford for a niche product (the servers).
        
           | drooopy wrote:
           | Yeah, after some quick looking into this, cost seems to be
           | the reason why. And ultimately their decision to purchase an
           | external solution seemed to have paid off handsomely.
        
           | cmrdporcupine wrote:
           | They could have ported their user space to Linux or BSD
           | though?
           | 
           | I never used A/UX, so I can't comment on its relative
           | quality.
           | 
           | But it took _half a decade_ for Apple to ship OS /X after the
           | palace coup that brought Jobs back and killed off all their
           | indigenous OS development. And what they ended up shipping
           | with the first revision of OS X didn't really feel very "Mac"
           | like, and ended up being this weird fusion of NeXT tech with
           | a sort of pseudo-Mac UX.
           | 
           | I guess I wonder what was wrong with the A/UX _tech_ that
           | stopped them from utilizing that as a foundation for
           | something new.
           | 
           | EDIT, answering my own question: from WP " _cooperatively
           | multitasks all Macintosh apps in a single address space by
           | using a token-passing system for their access to the
           | Toolbox._ "
           | 
           | Not sure if this would apply to "hybrid" apps that used the
           | Toolbox but with Unix syscalls as well, but I'm guessing yes,
           | and that sounds like a serious limitation. Pure (non-GUI)
           | unix applications would be fully multitasking, but GUI apps
           | would have the same kinds of limitations as on System 7 --
           | poor/no memory protection, cooperative multitasking, bad
           | memory management.
        
             | 65a wrote:
             | At the time BSD was mired in a lawsuit from AT&T, and Linux
             | was working but it wasn't clear it would become the most
             | widely adopted *nix. This was Linux kernel 1.x days.
        
               | cmrdporcupine wrote:
               | Yeah I was a Linux user in those days (1992 and onwards),
               | and yes, 1.x was a bit rough around the edges but the
               | momentum was pretty good. And 68k support was good fairly
               | early on.
               | 
               | I can see that a large company like Apple wouldn't have
               | gone near it at that point though.
        
               | giantrobot wrote:
               | Apple was transitioning away from 68k by the time Linux
               | was released. So 68k support wasn't really that useful to
               | them.
               | 
               | In your original question I think you're forgetting the
               | context of the Unix market of the time. It was the high
               | Unix Wars and A/UX was a minority position of a minority
               | player.
               | 
               | The buzzword of the decade was Object Oriented and anyone
               | not elbows deep in an existing Unix was trying to build
               | an OS around objects. It was entirely unclear if jumping
               | on the Unix bandwagon at that time would have a future.
               | Even with Apple's acquisition of NeXT it was their high
               | level OpenStep that was of most interest rather than the
               | BSD base layer.
        
               | nxobject wrote:
               | And with some success too: Cocoa/AppKit is still hanging
               | around as an actual API that's still being used by
               | application programmers after 30 years, unlike winapi.
        
             | twoodfin wrote:
             | I'm sure there were organizational, business, and technical
             | failures, too, but it seems to me like Apple's disastrous
             | ~decade attempting to put the Macintosh on a modern
             | foundation was primarily a _product_ failure.
             | 
             | They _wanted_ to do the right thing and synchronize the OS
             | kernel switchover with the PowerPC transition, but chose to
             | pursue a radical software compatibility break alongside the
             | hardware swap.
             | 
             | When that failed for what should have been predictable
             | reasons, they had no choice but to fall back to a pure
             | emulation strategy with no OS architectural changes, and
             | the opportunity to put the MacOS on a new path was lost.
        
             | SllX wrote:
             | Apple actually did investigate Linux with MkLinux (a
             | project to port Linux to PPC and run it on top of Mach).
             | Neat, but arguably a symptom of their larger issues which
             | were less technical and more leadership which was stifling
             | whatever technical and design excellence there was left.
             | Plus the Clones were eating them alive.
             | 
             | Any OS they released to replace the classic OS, which at
             | that time would have been System 7, needed Macintosh App
             | compatibility, and they wouldn't have needed Linux or Unix
             | or BSD or OPENSTEP or BeOS if they could have just shut up,
             | clamp down on the mission creep and ship Copland. Apple's
             | Executive leadership in the mid-90s was unable to execute
             | on that, and none of their side-projects were going
             | anywhere in a sustainable (to Apple) fashion either.
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | Yeah, after AT&T was allowed to gain commercial value of UNIX
           | they were clearly minded in recovering all the lost revenue
           | from the free beer days of UNIX early adoption.
        
         | classichasclass wrote:
         | They did. The original plan was a PowerPC native version of
         | A/UX "4.0." This was the PowerOpen idea, in which both A/UX and
         | IBM AIX were to be personalities and value-adds on a central
         | OS. This new A/UX would still have been able to run Macintosh
         | applications natively. Eventually it faltered because of
         | second-system effect from Pink/Taligent running at the same
         | time, as well as Spindler's brief flirtation with NetWare. This
         | is the reason the Apple Network Server ended up running vanilla
         | AIX.
         | 
         | (disclosure: my work. https://oldvcr.blogspot.com/2023/11/the-
         | apple-network-server... )
        
           | jimjag wrote:
           | Yep... the move from m68k to PowerPC was pretty much the
           | deathknell. To really be a successor to A/UX, the core code
           | would have had to be ported to that chip, and the amount of
           | work required was simply too expensive to be justified. I
           | also had heard, unofficially at the time, that Apple's
           | license for the UNIX parts of A/UX were specific to the m68k
           | architecture, and that they would have had to renegotiate the
           | license to even be allowed to port it to the PowerPC.
           | 
           | What is interesting is that after A/UX died, some
           | alternatives did spring up, such as Yellowdog Linux (which
           | was NOT a macOS/UNIX hybrid, but rather vanilla Linux).
           | 
           | It is a shame, because if Apple had continued in investing it
           | it, we would have had MacOSX much, much earlier.
        
             | giantrobot wrote:
             | Apple wouldn't have had "MacOS X" (as we got it) earlier.
             | Had they kept up some Unix system they still would have
             | been saddled with Toolbox, just running on a Unix kernel.
             | They likely still would have produced Carbon but they'd
             | still have a very backwards facing application API. It
             | might be more stable thanks to privileges and process
             | isolation but there's not necessarily a future there.
             | 
             | With NeXT, Apple got OpenStep which (IMHO) offered a
             | superior programming model than Toolbox/Carbon. They also
             | got a superior display subsystem, networking, and better
             | first party tooling. Those are the things that made what
             | got called "MacOS X". Just a Unix dragging Toolbox around
             | wouldn't have gotten Apple where they are today.
        
               | Aloha wrote:
               | A modernized version of Toolbox in the form of Carbon
               | running as native unix applications in a preemptive
               | multitasking system on A/UX would have been pretty good -
               | maybe not as good as Cocoa, but good enough probably.
               | 
               | Is win32 fundamentally worse than Carbon or Cocoa? if so
               | it seems to have not meaningfully effected the success of
               | Windows.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | The thing with raw Win32 is that only hard-core C folks
               | use it as is.
               | 
               | It is similar to using Carbon.
               | 
               | Already in the Win16 days, anyone that cared about
               | productivity was using C++ frameworks like OWL, Turbo
               | Pascal, later MFC/VCL, Delphi, VB.
        
               | runjake wrote:
               | To your point the "Hello World" Win32 C example in
               | Charles Petzold's earlier editions of Programming Windows
               | is infamous.
               | 
               | http://www.charlespetzold.com/blog/2014/12/The-Infamous-
               | Wind...
        
               | jimjag wrote:
               | Well, that's assuming a very specific, and stale,
               | development direction; I think we would have seen a more
               | native and natural migration to something very macOSX
               | like. Sure, not exactly macOSX as we know it today, but
               | something that we would have used and appreciated as much
               | as what we now have.
               | 
               | What made OpenStep so useful was that it was immediately
               | _available_, but imagine if it was used as a source for
               | tech to be added to the continuing A/UX development,
               | instead of basically being Step One.
        
       | dmd wrote:
       | And if that's not weird enough for you, the same era of Macs also
       | had IBM AIX!
        
         | sillywalk wrote:
         | Here's a brochure [PDF]
         | 
         | https://www.1000bit.it/js/web/viewer.html?file=%2Fad%2Fbro%2...
        
       | aquova wrote:
       | This Does Not Compute on Youtube made an interesting video
       | showcasing A/UX and some of its features and limitations:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nwrTTXOg-KI
        
         | ramijames wrote:
         | I love this YouTube channel. Just feels like hanging out with
         | some dude while he geeks out over stuff I like.
        
       | jasoneckert wrote:
       | For a short period of time, Apple did a marketing push around
       | A/UX. I remember A/UX ads and commentary appearing in several
       | computing magazines, including the famous sumo in a tutu ad:
       | https://www.reddit.com/r/mac/comments/b1j7b1/old_apple_adver...
        
       | remoquete wrote:
       | Apple's A/UX had Commando, a graphical assistant for assembling
       | Unix command-line incantations. I'm baffled that this hasn't been
       | redone.
        
         | linux2647 wrote:
         | For those who'd never heard of that before, ToastyTech has a
         | screenshot: http://toastytech.com/guis/auxcmdo-ls.png
         | 
         | (via http://toastytech.com/guis/aux3.html)
        
           | Affric wrote:
           | That is genius.
           | 
           | Does anyone know how it worked?
           | 
           | Each command would have to have been done individually yeah?
        
         | atommclain wrote:
         | I think Commando was also part of Macintosh Programmers
         | Workshop, which another commenter here noted was kinda unixish
         | (which I agree.) I've never used a tool like MPW, it's text
         | based, and you can install additional tools and write scripts,
         | but it also has some graphical components to it. Hard to
         | succinctly describe, but very odd.
        
           | ksherlock wrote:
           | The thing about MPW is that instead of running a shell in a
           | 80x24 character cell terminal emulator, you're running a
           | shell in a text editor. Kind of like emacs with eshell, but
           | more of a text-editor feel.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related:
       | 
       |  _Porting Doom to a /UX_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31670484 - June 2022 (34
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _So what is the deal with A /UX anyways?_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28593552 - Sept 2021 (162
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Apple a /UX: The First Unix Mac OS_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22002427 - Jan 2020 (6
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Installing A /UX on the Quadra 610 (2018)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21881271 - Dec 2019 (58
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Running A /UX on a Macintosh SE/30_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20198692 - June 2019 (8
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Shoebill - A Macintosh II emulator that runs A /UX_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7740533 - May 2014 (3
       | comments)
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-12-29 23:02 UTC)